Vertebrate Reading guide: Chapter 34.
Please Complete this by Wednesday 2/2
1. What are the four characteristics that all members of chordata have?
a.
b
c
d
2. What organisms belong to urochordata?
When do the four characteristics of chordates occur for this organism?
3. What organisms belong to the cephalochordata?
4. When do the four characteristics of chordates occur for this organism?
5. What does the subphylum vertebrata have that cephalochordates do not have?
6. In what kingdom, phylum, and subphylum are vertebrates classified?
7. List the classes of vertebrates.
4. What were the 1st vertebrates & describe them?
5. Sketch a lamprey & describe the characteristics of this fish. Where are they found?
6. Describe a hagfish.
7. In what superclass are lampreys & hagfish found & why?
8. Do agnathans have paired fins?
9. What were the 1st jawed fish & describe them.
10. What are the 2 classes of jawed fish?
11. What is in the class Chondrichthyes & what traits do they have in common.
12. Compare and contrast: oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous.
13. What is the function of the following:
a. Swim bladder
b. Lateral lines
c. Keratinized scales
d. Operculum
e. Cloaca
14. Name the class for bony fish.
15. Name the 2 subclasses of bony fish.
16. Give several examples of ray-finned fish & describe them.
17. Name 2 lobe-finned fish & describe both of them.
18. What was the 1st group of vertebrates to move onto land? What is in this group?
19. Define tetrapod. What is the link between fish and tetrapods?
20. Describe characteristics of amphibians.
21. Amphibians are ectotherms. What does this mean?
22. How are amphibians still linked to water?
23. Name and describe the 3 extant orders of amphibians.
24. What is in the class Reptilia?
25. Reptiles do not need water for reproduction. Explain why this is true.
26. Sketch an amniotic egg. What are the four key extraembryonic membranes in an amniotic egg and the function of
each?
A
B
C
D
27. Describe characteristics of the reptiles.
28. What reptile group is thought to be the ancestors of mammals?
29. What were pterosaurs?
30. What 3 orders of retiles are still alive today? What are the main differences between the 3 orders?
31. What class contains birds?
32. From what did birds probably evolve? Explain the evidence.
33. What are the distinguishing features of birds?
34. Explain the concept of an airfoil and how it allows flight in birds.
37. Birds are endotherms. What does this mean?
37. Explain how a bird wing is adapted for flight.
39. What characteristics differentiate mammals from the other vertebrate classes?
40. What in female mammals produces milk?
41. What is mammalian hair made of and what are its functions?
42. What bones are modified in mammals to help them hear sounds?
43.Give examples of monotremes & tell their characteristics. Tell where they are found.
44. Give examples of marsupials & tell their characteristics. Tell where most of them are found.
45. Most mammals are placentals. What does this mean?
46. What is gestation? Do all mammals have the same gestation period?
47. What is the purpose of the chorion?
48. Name the 12 orders of placental mammals & give an example of an animal in each order.
49. Which group of primates are most closely related to us?
50. List five hominids in order from most primitive to Homo sapiens and give one sentence describing them.
A.
B
C
D
E
51. Which model on the origins of humans would say that we all have a common ancestor of “Lucy” or some other
African human? Give one piece of evidence that supports this idea and one piece of evidence that refutes this idea.
Answer this on your own paper.