AP Human Geography: Key Terms (thank you Rick Gindele, Cherry
Creek High School for compiling theses!)
De Blij, H., J., and Murphy, Alex, Human Geography: Culture, Society, and Space, Sixth
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, 1999.
Domosh, Mona and Jordon-Bychkov Terry, G., The Human Mosaic: A Thematic
Introduction to Cultural Geography, Eighth Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New
York, New York, 1999.
Knox, Paul, L., and Marston, Sallie, A., Places and Regions in Global Context: Human
Geography, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River New Jersey, 2001.
Rubenstein, James, M., The Cultural Landscape:An Introduction to Human Geography,
Seventh Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 2002.
(A)
Absolute direction
Absolute distance
Absolute location
Absorbing barrier
Accessibility
Acculturation
Acid deposition
Acid rain
Air pollution
Acropolis
Activity-space
Active solar energy systems
Age-sex pyramid
Agglomerated (nucleated) settlement
Agglomeration/diseconomies
Agrarian
Agribusiness
Agricultural industrialization
Agricultural density
Agricultural landscape
Agricultural region
Agricultural revolution
Agriculture
America letters
Ancillary activities
Animate power
Animism/perspective on nature
Annexation
Antecedent boundary
Anthropogeographic boundaries
Apartheid
Aquaculture
Arable
Area
Area symbols
Areal interdependence
Arithmetric density
Aryan
Assimilation
Austrasia
Autocratic
Autonomous religion
Axis mundi
Azimuthal projection
(B)
Babylon
Baby boom
Backwash effects
Balance of power
Balkanization
Barriades
Basic functions
Basic industries
Beaux Arts
Bergmann’s Rule
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Biomass fuel
Biotechnology
Birth rate
Blockbusting
Boundary
Brahman
Brain drain
Branch (of a religion)
Break-of-bulk point
Breeder reactor
British Received Pronunciation (BRP)
Buddhist perspective on nature
Buffer state
Buffer zone
Bulk-gaining industries
Bulk-reducing industries
Business services
©
Cadestral pattern
Cartel
Cartography
Caste system
Cenozoic
Census
Census tract
Central Business District (CBD)
Central place
Central place theory
Centrality
Centrifugal forces
Centripetal forces
Cereal grain
Chaff
Chain migration
Checkerboard development
Child mortality rate
Chlorofluocarbons (CFC)
Circulation
City-state
Civilization
Cleavage model
Clustered rural settlement
Climate optimum
Clovis culture
Colonialism
Colony
Combine
Commercial agriculture
Compact state
Complementarity
Concentric zone model
Condominium
Connectivity
Conservation
Consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA)
Consumer services
Contact conversion
Contagious diffusion
Continental drift
Continental shelf
Conurbation
Convergence hypothesis
Core area
Core-periphery relationships
Corridor
Cosmogony
Cottage industry
Council of government
Creole
Creole language
Crop rotation
Crop
Crude birth rate (CBR)
Crude death rate (CDR)
Cultural adaptation
Cultural diffusion
Cultural ecology
Cultural geography
Cultural integration
Cultural landscape
Cultural pluralism
Cultural-political boundaries
Cultural revival
Culture
Culture area
Culture complex
Culture-environmental tradition
Culture hearth
Culture realm
Culture region
Culture trait
Custom
Cyclical movement
(D)
Death rate
Decolonization
Deep ecology
Definition
Deforestation
Deglomeration
Defensive state
Deindustrialization
Delimitation
Demarcation
Democratic rule
Demographic region
Demographic transition model
Demographic variables
Demography
Density
Density gradient
Density of population
Dependency ratio
Derelict landscapes
Desertification
Determinism
Development
Devolution
Dialect
Diaspora
Diffusion
Digital divide
Diocese
Dispersed settlement
Distance decay
Divided capital
Division of labor
Domesticated animals
Domesticated plants
Domestication
Domino theory
Double cropping
Doubling time
Drive to maturity
Dualism
Dust dome
(E)
Earth-science tradition
East/West divide
Ebonics
Ecofeminism
Ecological imperialism
Ecology
Eco-migration
Economic base
Economic determinism
Economies of scale
Economic reach
Ecosystem
Ecotourism
Ecumene
Edge city
El Nino
Electoral geography
Elongated state
Emerging city
Emigration
Empirical
Enclave
Enclosure movement
Endemic
Entropot
Environmental determinism
Environmental ethics
Environmental justice
Environmental perception
Environmental stress
Equal area projection
Equidistant projection
Esperanto
Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic culture area
Ethnic geography
Ethnic group
Ethnic homeland
Ethnic island
Ethnic neighborhood
Ethnic religion
Ethnic substrate
Ethnocentrism
Ethnographic boundary
Ethnology
Eugenic population policy
Eugenic Protection Act
European state model
Eve theory
Exclave
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
Extinct language
Expansion diffusion
Expansive population policy
Exponential growth
Export Processing Zones (EPZs)
External migration
External areas
External economies
Extractive sector
Extraterritoriality
(F)
Farm crisis
Farmstead
Fast world
Favela
Federal state
Federation
Feed back
Feedlot
Feng Shui
Fertile Crescent
Festival settings
First effective settlement
Feudalism
Filtering
Fiscal squeeze
Fission
Floodplain
Folk architecture
Folk culture
Folk fortress
Folk geography
Folk life
Folklore
Food manufacturing
Food regime
Food web
Forced migration
Foreign direct investment
Fordist production
Formal culture region
Formal region
Forward capital
Fossil fuel
Fragmented state
Francophone
Franglais
Friction of distance
Frontier
Functional culture region
Functional region
Functional specialization
Functional zonation
Fundamentalism
Fusion
(G)
Gateway city
Gateway state
Gender
Genre de vie
Gender gap
Generic toponym
Gentrification
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Geographic realm
Geography
Geologic time scale
Geometric boundaries
Geodemographic analysis
Geodemographic research
Geographic imagination
Geolinguistics
Geomancy
Geographic path dependence
Geopolitics
Geothermal energy
Gerrymandering
Ghetto
Glaciation
Globalization
Global corporations
Global change
Globalized agriculture
Gondwana
Grain
Gravity model
Green revolution
Greenbelt
Green house effect
Greens
Greenwich Mean Time
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Gross migration
Gross national product (GNP)
Growing season
Growth pole
Guest workers
Guild industry
(H)
Habit
Heartland theory
Hearth
Hearth areas
Hegemony
Hierarchical diffusion
Hierarchical religion
Hierarchy
High seas
Hinterland
Historical geography
Holecene
Horticulture
Hull
Human geography
Humanistic approach
Hunting and gathering
Hydroelectric power
Hydrologic cycle
(I)
Ice age
Ice sheet
Iconography
Ideology
Immigration
Imperialism
Import substitution
Inanimate power
Independent inventions
Indigenous city
Industrial inertia
Industrial revolution
Infant mortality rate (IMR)
In-filling
Informal sector
Infrastructure
Initial advantage
Input
Insurgent state
Intensive agriculture
Interactive mapping
Intensive subsistence agriculture
Interglaciation
Internal migration
International Date Line
International migration
International organization
Interregional migration
Intervening obstacle
Intertillage
Invasion and succession
Irredentism
Irrigation
Islamic perspective on nature
Isogloss
Isolated language
Isotropic surface
(J&K)
Judeo-Christian perspective on nature
Karma
K/T boundary
(L)
Labor-intensive industry
Laissez-faire utilitarianism
Land Bridge
Landlocked
Landscape as text
Language
Language branch
Language family
Language group
Lateral commuting
Late Cenozoic Ice Age
Latitude
Law of diminishing returns
Law of the Sea
Leadership cycles
League of Nations
Least cost theory
Less developed country (LDC)
Life expectancy
Lingua franca
Linguistic refuge area
Literacy rate
Literary tradition
Little Ice Age
Localization economies
Location theory
Loess
Longevity gap
Longitude
(M)
Main Street (Canada)
Maladaptation
Malnutrician
Malthusian
Marchland
Map
Map projection
Maquiladora
Market area
Market gardening
Masculinism
Master planned communities
Material culture
Mechanization
Medical geography
Median line principle
Medieval optimum
Medical revolution
Mega city
Megalopolis
Mental map
Mercantilism
Meridian
Metropolitan area
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
Microstate
Middle cohort
Migrant diffusion
Migration
Migratory movement
Migration transition
Milkshed
Minisystem
Minority group
Missionary
Mobility
Model
Modern movement
Modernity
Monoglot
Monotheism
More developed country (MDC)
Multi-ethnic state
Multinational state
Multinationals
Multiple nuclei model
Multiplier effect
Multiplier leakage
Multiregional Evolution Theory
(N)
NAFTA
Nation
Nationalism
Nationality
Nation-State
Natural decrease
Natural increase rate (NIR)
Natural political boundaries
Natural resource
Nature
Nautical mile
Neighborhood
Neighborhood effect
Neocolonialism
Neolithic period
Net migration
Network (transport)
New international division of labor
New World Order
Node
Nonbasic functions
Nonmaterial culture
Nonrenewable resource
North/South divide
Nutritional density
(O)
Official language
Office park
Offshore financial centers
Old age cohort
One-child policy
Ordinary Landscapes
Organic theory
Outputs
Overpopulation
Overurbanization
Ozone
(P)
Pacific Rim
Paddy
Paddy rice farming
Pagan
Palimpsect
Paleolithic period
Pandemic
Pangea
Parallel
Particulate pollutants
Passive solar energy systems
Pastoralism
Pastoral nomadism
Pasture
Per capita
Pattern
Perforated state
Periodic movement
Permeable barrier
Peripheral regions
Personal services
Personal space
Photochemical smog
Photovoltaic cell
Physiological density
Physical geography
Physical political boundaries
Pidgin
Pidgin language
Pilgrimage
Place
Placelessness
Plantation
Polder
Political ecology
Political geography
Pollution
Polyglot
Polytheism
Popular culture
Population density
Population explosion
Population geography
Population pyramid
Population structure
Possibilism
Post-fordist production
Postindustrial phase
Postmodernism
Postmodern urban design
Postmodernity
Power
Preadaptation
Preservation
Primacy
Primary activities
Primary industry
Primate city
Primate city rule
Prime agricultural land
Process
Prime meridian
Producer services
Productivity
Projection
Prorupted state
Proselytic religion
Proven reserve
Public housing
Proxemics
Pull factors
Push factors
(Q&R)
Quaternary
Quaternary economic activity
Quinary industry
Quota
Race
Racism
Radioactive waste
Range
Rank-size rule
Raison d’etre
Ranching
Realm
Reaper
Reapportionment
Recycling
Redistricting
Red-lining
Refugee
Region
Regional geography
Regional science
Regionalism
Relative direction
Relative distance
Relative location
Relict boundary
Religion
Religious fundamentalism
Relocation diffusion
Remote sensing
Renewable resource
Retail services
Restrictive covenants
Restrictive population policy
Return migration
Right-to-work state
Rimland
Rites of passage
Romanticism
Rural density
Rush (peak) hour
(S)
Sacred space
Sahel
Sanitary landfill
Satellite state
Sawah
Scale
Secondary economic activity
Secondary sector
Sectionalism
Sector model
Secularism
Sedentary
Sedentary cultivation
Seed agriculture
Segregation
Self-determination
Semiotics
Semi-peripheral regions
Sequent occupance
Sense of place
Service
Settlement
Settlement density
Sex ratio
Shaman
Shantytown
Sexuality
Sharecropper
Shatter belt
Shifting agriculture
Shifting cultivation
Shiites
Shock city
Siltation
Simplification, cultural
Site
Site factors
Situation
Situational factors
Slash-and-burn agriculture
Slow world
Social culture region
Social science
Social stratification
Society
Solstice
Southern core
Sovereignty
Space
Spatial
Spatial interaction
Spatial justice
Spatial distribution
Space-time compression
Spanglish
Sprawl
Spread effects
Spring wheat
Squatter settlement
Standard language
State
State capitalism
State church
Stimulus diffusion
Structural adjustment program
Susequent boundary
Subsistence agriculture
Suburb
Suburbanization
Suburban downtown
Sunnis
Superimposed boundary
Suitcase farm
Supranational organization
Survey pattern
Sustainability
Sustainable development
Swidden
Symbolic landscapes
System
Systematic geography
(T)
Taboo
Takeoff (development)
Taoist perspective on nature
Taphomony
Technology
Technology systems
Technopole
Teleology
Territorial morphology
Territorial organization
Territorial sea
Territoriality
Territory
Tertiary activities
Textile
Theocracy
Thresh
Threshold
Time-distance decay
Time-space convergence
Topical geography
Topological space
Toponym
Toponomy
Topophilia
Total fertility rate (TFR)
Township and Range System
Toxic waste
Trade-route site
Trading bloc
Traditional
Transcendentalism
Transculturation
Transhumance
Transnational corporations
Transportation and information services
Transitional zone
Triangular slave trade
Truck farming
Tropical deforestation
Truman proclamation
(U, V, W, X, Y, & Z)
Underclass
Underdeveloped countries (UDCs)
Underemployment
Undocumented immigrants
Uneven development
Unitary state
United Nations
Universalizing religion
Urban agriculture
Urban ecology
Urban form
Urban geography
Urban hearth areas
Urban hierarchy
Urban morphology
Urban realms model
Urban renewal
Urban system
Urbanism
Urbanization
Urbanization economics
Urbanized area
Urbanized populations
Utility
Value added
Vectored disease
Vegetative planting
Vernacular region
Virgin soil epidemics
Visualization
Vital records
Volcanic winter
Voluntary migration
Von Thunen model
Vulgar Latin
Weight-gaining product
Wet rice
Winnow
Winter wheat
Wisconsin Glaciation
World city
World-empire
World system
Youth cohort
Zero population growth (ZPG)
Ziggurat
Zionism
Zoning ordinance
Zone in transition