UNIVERSIDAD INTERAMERICANA DE PUERTO RICO
DEPARTAMENTO DE INFORMÁTICA
RECINTO DE BAYAMÓN
Literaria de la Información y Computadoras
1) The Abacus 3000 B.C. – The abacus is probable considered the original
mechanical counting device (it has been traced back 5000 year). It is
still used in education to demonstrate the principles of counting and
arithmetic and in business for speedy calculation.
2) Blaise Pascal 1623-1662 The Pascaline
3) Charles Babbage 1793-1871 Babbage’s Difference and the Analytical
Engine 1842
4) Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace 1816-1852
5) Herman Hollerith 1860-1929 Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine 1890
6) Dr. John V. Atanasoff, Clifford E. Berry ABC- Atanasoff Berry
Computer
7) The Electromechanical Mark I Computer- The first electromechanical
computer.
8) First Generation of Computers – use of vacuum tubes
9) The Electronic ENIAC Computer 1946 – (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer). A thousand times faster than its
electromechanical predecessors, it occupied 15,000 square feet of
floor space and weighed 30 tons.
10) UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) 1951 the first
commercially viable electronic digital computer, developed by Mauchly
and Eckert.
11) The Honeywell 400 and the Second Generation of Computers – The
invention of the transistor signaled the start of the second
generation of computers (1959 – 1964). Honeywell established itself
as a major player in the second generation of computers.
12) The Third Generation of Computers – The third generation was
characterized by computers built around integrated circuits.
13) Fourth Generation of Computers – That was the year large-scale
integration of circuit (more circuits per unit of space) was introduced.
14) The Apple II – Not until 1975 and the introduction of the Altair 8800
personal computer was computing made available to individuals and
very small companies. This event has forever changed how society
perceives computers. One prominent entrepreneurial venture during
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the early years of personal computers was the Apple II computer
(shown here). Two young computer enthusiasts, Steven Jobs and
Steve Wozniak (then 21 and 26 years of age, respectively),
collaborated to create and build their Apple II computer on a
makeshift production line in Jobs’ garage.
15) Bill Gates Microsoft 1975 – In 1968, seventh grader Bill Gates and
ninth grader Paul Allen were teaching the computer to play monopoly
and commanding it to play millions of games to discover gaming
strategies. Seven years later, in 1975, they were to set a course
which would revolutionize the computer industry. While Harvard,
Gates and Allen developed a BASIC programming language for the
first commercially available microcomputer, the MITS Altair. After
successful completion of the project, the two formed Microsoft
Corporation, now the largest and most influential software company in
the world. Microsoft was given an enormous boost when its operating
system software, MS-DOS, was select for use by IBM PC.
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Computers
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Hardware
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Software
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Microcomputers – Personal Computers
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Minicomputers
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Mainframe
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Supercomputers
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Data
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Information
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Input Device (Dispositivos de Entrada)
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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Arimethmetic-logic Unit
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Control Unit
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Register- A processor contains small high-speed storage
locations, called register, that temporarily hold data and
instructions. Register are part of the processor, not part of
memory or a permanent storage device.
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Output Device (Dispositivos de Salida)
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Byte- 8 bits
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Bit- 0,1
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Kilobyte – KB o K – 1 thousand bytes 1024 bytes
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Megabyte – MB o M – 1 Million bytes
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Gigabyte – GB o G – 1 billion bytes
Terabyte – TB o T – 1 trillion bytes
Secondary Storage
Local Area Network (LAN)
Internet
Network
Operating System
RAM
SRAM – is much faster
DRAM – is used for most personal computer memory because of
its size and cost advantages.
ROM
ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange
EBCDIC – Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
Unicode – is a 16-bit code originally designed to support
International languages like Chinese and Japanese. Unicode can
represent more than 65,000 unique character symbole, enabling
it to represent the alphabets of all modern languages and all
historic languages and notational systems.
Motherboard
Universal Serial Bus (USB)
DVD-Rom
Backup Systems
Computer Programmer
Modem
TCP/IP
Linux
Windows Vista
Cd 650 MB to 1 GB Once the standard optical disc.
DVD 4.7 GB to 17 GB Current standard
HD DVD 15 GB to 45 GB Hi def format, similar to DVD
Blu-Ray 25 GB to 50 GB Hi def format, large capacity
06/03/2016
Prof. Rafael Nieves Rivera