Political Economies of Development and Under-Development
Political Science 202 A, Spring, 2008
Kiren Chaudhry
Office Hours: Fridays 12-2:00 at 796 Barrows. Please sign up on sheet outside my door.
Phone: 510.642.4659
e-mail: chaudhry@socrates.berkeley.edu
Ideas about the processes, indicia and prerequisites of economic development have
undergone radical change since the end of World War II. Indeed, scholars no longer agree (or
perhaps even lack an interest in defining) what “development” is, who it is for and whether it is
desirable. How did this happen? What does it mean?
The aim of this seminar is to present students with a historically grounded genealogy of
theories of development and expose them to some of the central debates in the field. The focus
will be on how thinking about the relationship between political and economic processes has
changed in response to the interaction of the domestic and international arenas. In addition, we
will attend to the question of how the international economy itself has “evolved” over time.
Special emphasis will be placed on the process of state and market creation in early and late
developers and how different kinds of globalization have fundamentally transformed the
relationship between the political and the economic.
This is a survey course open to graduate students only. Graduate students in the Political
Science Department have first priority. Requirements include critical thinking, reading and
seminar participation. Seminar participation includes helping to lead discussion at least once in
the term.
This is a reading course. The writing component of the course, accordingly, is minimal.
Students may fulfill the writing requirement by writing two 10 page essays on a cluster of
readings. Those of you who are gluttons for punishment can substitute the short papers for
seminar papers after consultation with me. Some people use these seminar papers as drafts for
their MA essays.
The reading list is daunting. However, I have found that I can get through each section
devoting a whole day and evening to the reading. Do not come to seminar without doing the
reading. And do not miss seminar. In the past, many graduate students have found it helpful to
attend the lectures for PS 139B, the upper-division undergraduate version of this class. It’s
painless. Consider yourself invited.
Note: Texts marked with an * should be purchased. . Used copies are probably readily available
as well. There will be a reader for the course available at Replica Copy on Oxford (at Center
Street). (Note to Kiren: Insert Zyzman article; Insert new development economics article.)
I.
Situating the “interests” in Development
*Albert Hirschman, The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism Before
its Triumph, (Princeton University Press, 1977). Entire
Stephen Holmes, “The Secret History of Self Interest,” in Jane Masbridge, ed., Beyond Self
Interest, (Chicago, 1990).
*Phyllis Deane, The Evolution of Economic Ideas, (New York: Cambridge University Press,
1989). Note: Try to read the whole thing, but don’t miss pp. 1-17, 71-114, 125-142, 175-190.
Ordered and received at the campus book store.
Christian Chavagneux, “Economics and Politics: Some Bad Reasons for a Divorce,” Review of
International Political Economy, Vol. 8, No. 4, Winter 2001, pp. 608-632.
II.
Unfounded Optimism: Modernization Theory and its Liberal Critics
Gabriel Almond and B. Powell, Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach, (Boston:
Little Brown, 1966), pp. 1-41.
Joseph Gusfield, “Tradition and Modernity,” in Jason Finkle and Richard Gable, eds., Political
Development and Social Change, 2nd edition, 1971, pp. 15-26.
Karl Deutsch, “Social Mobilization and Political Development,” (Ibid), pp. 384-401.
David Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society, 1958, pp. 19-42.
Alex Inkeles, “The Modernization of Man,” in Myron Weiner, ed., Modernization, 1966, pp.
138-150.
*Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies, (Yale University Press, New
Haven, 1968, millionth addition), pp. 1-93
Yousef Cohen et al., “The Paradoxical Nature of State Making: The Violent Creation of Order,”
American Political Science Review, December 1981, pp. 901-910.
III.
The Cyclical Lineage of Development Economics
W.W. Rostow, The Stages of Growth, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1960), pp. 1-16.
P.T. Bauer, “The Vicious Cycle of Poverty and the Widening Gap,” in Bauer, Dissent on
Development, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, Revised edition, 1976), pp.
31-68.
Albert Hirschman, “Rise and Decline of Development Economics,” in Hirschman, Essays in
Trespassing, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981), pp. 1-24.
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Pranab Bardhan, “Alternative Approaches to Development Economics,” Handbook of
Development Economics, vol. I., H. Chenery et al., eds., pp. 40-68.
Deepak Lal, The Poverty of Development Economics, (Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard
University Press, 1981), pp. 1-111.
IV.
Dependency, Power and the International System
Karl Marx, “On Imperialism in India,” The New York Daily Tribune, June 25 and August 8,
1953. Reprinted in The Marx-Engels Reader, edited by Robert C. Tucker, (Norton, 1978), pp.
653-664.
Lenin, Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism, at
http://www.marx2mao.com/Lenin/IMP16.html, electronic pages 104-156.
Immanuel Wallerstein, “The Rise and Future Decline of the World Capitalist System: Concepts
for Comparative Analysis,” in Wallerstein, The Capitalist World Economy, (Cambridge
University Press, 1979), pp. 1-37.
*F. Cordoso and E. Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1979), pages 1-176.
Giovanni Arrighi et al., “Industrial Convergence, Globalization and the Persistence of the NorthSouth Divide;” Alice Amsden, “Comment: Good-bye Dependency Theory, Hello Dependency
Theory;” and “Response,” in Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 38, No. 1,
Spring 2003, pp. 3-43.
V.
The East Asian Miracle and the Deconstruction of a Category
Meredith Woo-Cumings, “Chalmers Johnson and the Politics of Nationalism and Development,”
in Cumings, ed., The Developmental State, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), pp. 1-31.
Robert Wade, “East Asia’s Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, Shaky
Evidence,” World Politics, Volume 44, No. 2, January 1992, pp. 270-320.
Peter Evans, “Class, State and Dependence in East Asia: Lessons for Latin Americanists,” in
Deyo, The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism, (Cornell University Press: 1987),
pp. 203-226.
Tun-jen Cheng, “Political Regimes and Development Strategies: South Korea and Taiwan,” in
Gereffi and Wyman, Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and
East Asia, (Center for US-Mexican Studies, 1990).
Bela Belassa, “Lessons of East Asian Development: An Overview,” Economic Development and
Cultural Change, vol. 36, No. 3, April 1988, Supplement, pp. S273-S290.
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VI.
Neoliberalism Ascendant: Gerschenkron Un-visited
Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, pp. 5-30.
Jeffrey Sachs, “Poland and Eastern Europe: What Is To Be Done?,” in Andras Koves and Paul
Marer, eds., Foreign Economic Liberalization: Transformations in Socialist and Market
Economies, (Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991).
Jan S. Prybyla, “The Road From Socialism: Why, Where, What and How,” Problems of
Communism, vol. XL, January-April 1991, pp. 1-17.
Robert Bates, “Macropolitical Economy in the Field of Development,” in James Alt and Kenneth
Shepsle, eds., Perspectives on Positive Political Economy, 1990, pp. 31-54.
*Robert Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa, (Berkeley: University of California Press,
1981), pp. 11-132.
Bela Balassa, New Directions in the World Economy, (Washington Square, N.Y.: New York
University Press, 1989), Chapter 1.
VII.
Markets in the Minds of the Institutionalists and the Moral Economists
Dieter Helm, “The Economic Borders of the State,” in Helm, ed., The Economic Borders of the
State, (Oxford, 1989).
Ellen Immergut, “The Theoretical Core of the New Institutionalism,” Politics and Society, vol.
26, no. 1, pp. 5-34.
*Douglass North, Structure and Change in Economic History, Norton, New York, 1981. (Read
till you get the point.)
Jean Ensminger, Making a Market, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), pages TBA.
William James Booth, “On the Idea of the Moral Economy,” American Political Science Review,
vol. 99, No. 3, September 1994.
Of interest, if you really want to be educated, but not required: Malcolm Rutherford, Institutions
in Economics: The Old and the New Institutionalism, (Cambridge, 1994) and Thrainn
Eggertsson, Economic Behavior and Institutions, (Cambridge 1990), pp. 247-358.
VIII. Karl Polanyi’s States and Markets
*Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation, (Beacon Press, 1944), entire.
**** In here is the debt crisis of the early 1980s for LA--- please attend my lectures for 139B
on this topic.
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IX.
State-Building by Increment and Revolution: Nostalgia for a Bygone Era
April 16th, and only because you insist. I prefer to cut.
Charles Tilly, “War Making and State Making as Organized Crime,” in Evans et al., Bringing the
State Back In, (Cambridge University Press, 1985), pp. 169-191.
Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and
China, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England and New York, 1979),
Chapters 1 & 2.
Ellen Kay-Trimberger, “A Theory of Elite Revolution,” Studies in Comparative International
Development, Fall 1972, pp. 191-207.
Theda Skocpol, “Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution,” Theory and Society,
May 1982. (with comments)
Good for cribbing, not required: Goldstone, “Theories of Revolution: The Third Generation,”
World Politics, vol. 32, 1980. And also, I included Skocpol’s strange article on “new research”
on revolutions, when it truly comes apart. “It” having many meanings.
X.
International Integration and Domestic Effects: General Perspectives
April 23rd
Richard Cooper, “Economic Interdependence and Foreign Policy in the Seventies,” World
Politics, vol. 24, no 2, January 1972.
Milner and Keohane, Internationalization and Domestic Politics, (Cambridge, 1997), Chapter 2,
by Frieden and Rogowski.
Kiren Chaudhry, “Prices, Politics, Institutions: Oil Exporters in the International Economy,”
Business and Politics, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1999.
Michael Shafer, Winners and Losers, (Cornell University Press, 1994), pp. 22-48
Philip Cerny, “Globalization and the Changing Logic of Collective Action,” International
Organization, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 595-625.
Kiren Chaudhry, The Price of Wealth, (Cornell, 1996), Chapter 1. (If you can deal)
Note: If you are confused about basic transitions in the IPE, there is a very nice historical
summary of the “globalization has always been there” perspective in Barry Eichengreen,
Globalizing Capital, (Princeton University Press, 1996). David Held et al., Global
Transformations, (Stanford University Press, 1999), pp. 1-32; 149-283. (This is a basic
introductory text. You should know it.
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XI.
Privatization: While we’re on prices, why not sell it all off?
April 23rd
Nicolas Van De Walle, “Privatization in Developing Countries: A Review of the Issues,” World
Development, Vol. 17, No. 5, 1989, pp. 601-615
Paul Cook, “Privatization, Public Enterprise Reform and the World Bank: Has ‘Bureaucrats in
Business’ Got it Right?” Journal of International Development, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 887-897,
1997, (Reprinted in Privatization in Developing Countries, Vol. II).
Paul Cook and Colin Kirkpatrick, “Privatization, Employment and Social Protection in
Developing Countries,” (Reprinted in Privatization in Developing Countries, Vol. II).
Robert Wade, “Wheels within Wheels: Rethinking the Asian Crisis and the Asian Model,”
Annual Review of Political Science, 2000, 3:85-115.
Jeffrey Winters, “The Determinants of Financial Crisis in Asia,” in Pempel, ed., The Politics of
the Asian Economic Crisis, (Cornell, 1999), pp. 79-100.
David M. Woodruff, “Rules for Followers: Institutional Theory and the New Politics of
Economic Backwardness in Russia,” Politics and Society, Vol. 28, No. 4, December 2000, pp.
437-482. NB: THE KEY TEXT
David M. Woodruff, Money Unmade: Barter and the Fate of Russian Capitalism, (Cornell
University Press, 1999), pp. 1-21; 110-176.
Kiren Chaudhry, “The Myths of the Market and the Common History of Late Developers,”
Politics and Society, September 1993. (WHAT INSPIRED THIS COURSE)
XII.
The ‘Logic’ Of Things We Don’t Understand: Financial Crises
April 30th
Michael Pettis, The Volatility Machine: Emerging Economies and the Threat of Financial
Collapse, (Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 3-50.
Jim Glassman, “The Spaces of Economic Crisis: Asia and the Reconfiguration of Neo-Marxist
Crisis Theory,” Studies in Comparative International Development, Vol. 37, No. 4, Winter 2003,
pp. 31-63.
Jeffrey Frankel, “The Asian Model, the Miracle, the Crisis and the Fund,” Delivered at U.S.
International Trade Commission, April 16, 1998. Electronic mimeo (skim).
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Gabriel Palma, “Three and a Half Cycles of ‘Mania, Panic, and [Asymmetric] Crash’: East Asia
and Latin America Compared,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 789-808.
Paul Davidson, “If Markets are Efficient, Why Have There Been So Many International
Financial Market Crises Since the 1970s?,” in What Global Economic Crisis?, (Palgrave, 2001),
pp. 12-33.
Lance Taylor, “Capital Market Crises: Liberalization, Fixed Exchange Rates, and Market-Driven
Destabilization,” Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 663-676.
Robert Wade, “Wheels within Wheels: Rethinking the Asian Crisis and the Asian Model,”
Annual Review of Political Science, 2000, 3:85-115.
XVI. Production: Fordism, Post-Fordism, Commodity Chains Clustering
May 7th
David Landes, The Unbound Prometheus (Chapter 1)
Henry Ford, My life and Work, chapter V, “Getting into Production” (1900)
Frederick Winslow Taylor, The Principles of Scientific Management, 1911. (Read till you get the point)
Antonio Gramsci, “Americanism and Fordism,” in Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio
Gramsci (New York: International Publishers, 1971), pp. 277-318.
Paul Hirst and Jonathan Zeitlin, “Flexible Specialization versus post-Fordism: Theory, Evidence
and Policy Implications,” Economy and Society, Vol. 20, no. 1, February 1991, pp. 1-56.
Gary Gereffi, “Shifting Governance Structures in Global Commodity Chains, with Special
Reference to the Internet,” American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 44, no. 10, June 2001, pp. 16161637.
Hubert Schmitz and Khalid Nadvi, “Clustering and Industrialization: Introduction, World
Development, Vol. 27, no. 9, September 1999, pp. 1003-1514.
Charles Sabel, "Flexible Specialization and the Re-emergence of Regional Economies"; in Ash
Amin, Post-Fordism: A Reader, (Blackwell, 1994).
VII. From Economy to Identity: Time, Gender, Family and Meaning in the “new” WorkWorld
April 14th, for those who want to come.
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*David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity, Chapters 10-14, inclusive.
Guy Standing, “Global Feminization through Flexible Labor: A Theme Revisited,” World
Development, Vol. 27, No. 3, March 1999, pp. 583-602.
Kiran Mirchandani, “Practices of Global Capital: Gaps, Cracks and Ironies in Transnational Call
Centers in India,” Global Networks, Vol. 4, No. 4, 2004, pp. 355-373.
Sylvia Walby, “Flexibility and the Changing Sexual Division of Labour,” (pp. 127-140),in
Stephen Wood, ed., The Transformation of Work? Skill, Flexibility and the Labour Process,
(London: Unwin Hyman, 1989).
Caitrin Lynch, “The ‘Good Girls of Sri Lankan Modernity: Moral Orders of Nationalism and
Capitalism,” Identities, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 55-89.
Chitra Joshi, “On ‘De-Industrialization’ and the Crisis of Male Identities,” International Review
of Social History, 47 (2002), pp. 159-75.
Barbara Steward, “Changing Times: The Meaning, Measurement and Use of Time in
Teleworking,” Time and Society, Vol. 9, no. 1, 2000, pp. 57-74.
Marcos Natali, “History and the Politics of Nostalgia”, Iowa Journal of Literary Studies, Vol. 5,
pp 10-25, 2004.
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