1) What is the foreskin?
This link will take you into a teaching film for medical students on the importance of the
foreskin. Simple and easy to understand, just like a basic lecture in class:
http://redirectingat.com/?id=848X156205&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doctorsopposing
circumcision.org%2Fvideo%2FCircumcision_WM7NTSC_256k_D.wmv
This page with illustrations demonstrates the functions of the male prepuce:
http://www.circumcision.org/foreskin.htm
Here is another page, written by Dr. Peter Ball, on the function of the foreskin:
http://www.norm-uk.org/function.html
This is the real stuff...take a look at images and videos of real, intact penises and how
they function:
http://www.noharmm.org/anatomy.htm
Video showing a computer generated model of the function of the foreskin during sexual
activity.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wj6UjduMTiU
Contrast and compare pictures of cut and intact penises:
http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/comparison.html
What is lost due to circumcision?
http://www.norm.org/lost.html
Observe for yourself the mobility of a real foreskin with these moving gifs:
http://tinyurl.com/38wvfp
The three zones of penile skin:
http://www.foreskin.org/3zones-c.htm
The functions of the foreskin:
http://research.cirp.org/func1.html
The Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Prepuce
www.coloradonocirc.org/pamphlets.php
Scott, Steve. “The Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Prepuce.” Male and female
Circumcision,
edited by Denniston et. al, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers New York, 1999, pp. 9-
18
Foreskins for Keeps: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
LeMay, Gloria, “Foreskins for Keeps: An Idea Whose Time Has Come”
www.midwiferytoday.com/articles/foreskins.asp
Midwifery Today, Issue 81, Spring 2007, pp. 32-3, 67-88
"The prepuce is primary, erogenous tissue necessary for normal sexual function. The
complex interaction between the protopathic sensitivity of the corpuscular receptordeficient glans penis and the corpuscular receptor-rich ridged band of the male prepuce is
required for normal copulatory behavior." – Dr. Christopher Cold, M.D. and Dr. John
Taylor, M.D.
2) What is Circumcision?
Here is a pro-circumcision educational video with subtitles.
http://video.yahoo.com/watch/4813345/12842144
Welcome to America, Baby! -- 2mins
http://video.yahoo.com/watch/935124/3668656
Typical Canadian Circumcision
http://www.intact.ca/video.html
Contrast and compare pictures of cut and intact penises:
http://www.circumstitions.com/Restric/comparison.html
Baby Circumcision Photo Collection:
http://tinyurl.com/3523bz
An excellent comprehensive overview with pictures:
http://wreckingboy.livejournal.com/318545.html
This site has compiled easy to view links on methods, tools and videos of circumcision.
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/methods.html
Man discusses his own Circumcision -- 4mins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLVGFF8UKzA
Pain
http://www.cirp.org/library/pain/
http://www.circumcision.org/response.htm
http://www.infocirc.org/babypain.htm
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/100/4/626
Percentage of Pain Control Actually Used
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/101/3/423
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/101/6/e5
Circumcision's Medical History:
Historical Circumcision Quotes in medical journals by doctors:
http://www.sexuallymutilatedchild.org/shorthis.htm
Histories of Circumcision in USA, Australia and Britain:
http://www.historyofcircumcision.net/
A doctor summarizes circumcision's modern history:
From birthpsychology.org -- http://tinyurl.com/2q3lo6
Where Cut-Off Foreskin Goes:
Face Cream's secret ingredient:
http://www.nbc10.com/health/1808693/detail.html
Harvesting Foreskins for commercial use:
http://www.alternet.org/envirohealth/47421/
Where do all the foreskins go?
http://www.norm-uk.org/where_do_foreskins_go.html
Foreskins for Sale:
http://www.foreskin.org/f4sale.htm
After-Market Foreskin
http://www.nbc10.com/health/1808693/detail.html
Near the bottom of the page - "Injectable collagen derived from newborn foreskin":
MSNBC Fact Sheet -- http://tinyurl.com/rdwsx
This commercial biomedical company sells foreskin-derived cell cultures(Search for
Foreskin):
http://www.cascadebio.com/
Rates
http://www.cirp.org/library/statistics/bollinger2001/ (American)
http://www.cirp.org/library/statistics/USA/ (American)
http://www.courtchallenge.com/refs/rate1m.html (Canadian)
http://www.courtchallenge.com/refs/stats-cihi-2005-e.html (Canadian)
3) What are the consequences of amputating baby boys?
A study published in the April 2007 issue of the British Journal of Urology,
demonstrating that the five most sensitive areas of the penis are on the foreskin, and that
the most sensitive area of the circumcised penis is on the circ scar:
http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/pdf/sorrells_2007.pdf
Adult males with permanent circumcision complications:
http://www.circumstitions.com/Complic.html
Effect of neonatal circumcision on penile neurologic sensation. Bleustein CB, Fogarty
JD, Eckholdt H, Arezzo JC, Melman A. "In the dysfunctional group, circumcised men
(49 +/- 16 years) were significantly younger (P <0.01) than uncircumcised men (56 +/- 13
years)."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlu
s
Flesh Eating Disease, Meningitis, HPV, herpes and others increased with circumcision:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlu
s&list_uids=16378266&query_hl=8&itool=pubmed_docsum
http://www.infocirc.org/fourn.htm (very graphic)
http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/scurlock1/
http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijpn/vol5n2/meningitis.xml
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119091442/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY
=0
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120710265/abstract
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermT
oSearch=16997378&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_Res
ultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlus
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermT
oSearch=17413536&ordinalpos=8&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_Res
ultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum
Circumcision Causing UTIs:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=896008
0&dopt=AbstractPlus
http://www.circumstitions.com/Utis.html
http://www.cirp.org/library/disease/UTI/goldman/
“The parents of a 6-week-old boy who bled to death after a circumcision at Rosebud’s
Indian Health Service Hospital last year are suing the government for wrongful death.”
http://www.argusleader.com/article/20090918/UPDATES/90918015/1003/business
Risks and Complications
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/complications.html
http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/safety/circumcision.html (clamping methods)
http://www.infocirc.org/fourn.htm (plastibell)
http://www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/169/3/216 (plastibell)
Carcinoma developed in circumcision scars on the penile shaft:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=AbstractPlu
s&list_uids=3944860
The tumors involved the prepuce (n = 1), prepuce and distal shaft (n = 1), circumcision
scar line (n = 2), circumcision scar line and distal shaft:
http://journals.lww.com/ajsp/pages/articleviewer.aspx?year=2004&issue=01000&article=
00014&type=abstract
The American Cancer Society releases a letter opposing the use of Penile Cancer as a
reason for routine infant circumcision:
http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/letters/1996-02_ACS/
Here is a study that found when babies experienced pain it reduced opioid receptors in
their brains which decreased pain sensitivity in adulthood:
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090927130048.htm
Here is a concise, easy to read excerpt from Dr. David B. Chamberlain. His paper
includes 123 APA-quality citations on the history of our concept of pain in babies:
http://www.drmomma.org/2010/01/babies-do-feel-pain.html
Circumcision and complications with vaginismus
http://www.vaginismus-awareness-network.org/circumcision.html
How Male Circumcision May Be Affecting Your Love Life
www.coloradonocirc.org/pamphlets.php
Sexual side effects
http://www.boystoo.com/medical/conversion.htm
http://www.reserach/cirp.org/
http://www.norm.org/lost.html
http://www.notjustskin.org
This site puts together a visual cost/benefit analysis of choosing to amputate the prepuce
for UTIs:
http://www.infocirc.org/uti2.htm
Circumcision Not Cost Effective
http://www.prweb.com/releases/2004/11/prweb180294.htm
Breastfeeding/Maternal Bond
http://www.cirp.org/library/birth/ (links to medical articles and positional papers)
http://www.birthpsychology.com/birthscene/circ.html
Exerpts from The Breastfeeding Answer Book www.cirp.org/library/birth/mohrbacher1/
Nancy Mohrbacher, Nancy and Stock, Julie. The Breastfeeding Answer Book, (Third
Revised Edition).
La Leche League International, Schaumburg, Illinois, 2003.,
Letters to La Leche League International
www.llli.org/llleaderweb/LV/LVOctNov00p94.html
LLLI: Letters to La Leche League International. Leaven. Vol. 36 no. 5. Ocotber
November 2000. pp. 94-95
CIRCUMCISION by Marian Tompson, co-founder of La Leche League www
.icgi.org/birth_care_providers.htm#breastfeeding
The People's Doctor: A Medical Newsletter for Consumers" by Robert S. Mendelsohn,
M.D. Vol. 4, No. 12, p 8.
ELECTIVE SURGERY FOR YOU OR BABY excerpt from "The Womanly Art of
Breastfeeding," www .icgi.org/birth_care_providers.htm#breastfeeding
La Leche League International, Franklin Park, Illinois, July 1981: 92-93.
News Bulletin: Circumcision Leads to Breastfeeding Complications www
.mothering.com/sections/news_bulletins/december2005.html
Journal of Human Lactation 19(1), 2003.
Circumcision vs Breastfeeding
http://www.circumstitions.com/Nursing.html
Here are scholarly studies showing that circumcision causes difficulties with
breastfeeding, safe sleep cycles, behavior and bonding, and increase the risk of infection:
Jefferson G. The peripenic muscle; some observations on the anatomy of phimosis.
Surgery, Gynecology, and Obstetrics (Chicago) 1916; 23(2):177-181.
Lakshmanan, S. Prakash S. Human prepuce: some aspects of structure and function.
Indian J Surg 1980;44:134-137.
Fleiss P, Hodges F, Van Howe RS. Immunological functions of the human prepuce. Sex
Trans Inf 1998;74:364-367.
Coppa GV, Gabrielli O, Giorgi P, et al. Preliminary study of breastfeeding and bacterial
adhesion to uroepithelial cells Lancet 1990; 335:569-571.
Kendel DA. Caution Against Routine Circumcision of Newborn Male Infants
(Memorandum to physicians and surgeons of Saskatchewan). Saskatoon: College of
Physicians and Surgeons of Saskatchewan, February 20, 2002. Photocopy.
Boyle GJ, Goldman R, Svoboda JS, Fernandez E. Male circumcision: pain, trauma and
psychosexual sequelae. J Health Psychology 2002;7(3):329-43.
Section on Urology, American Academy of Pediatrics. Timing of Elective Surgery on the
Genitalia of Male Children With Particular Reference to the Risks, Benefits, and
Psychological Effects of Surgery and Anesthesia (RE9610). Pediatrics 1996;97(4):590-4.
J. Fred Leditsche. Guidelines for Circumcision. Australasian Association of Paediatric
Surgeons. Herston, QLD: 1996.
Geyer J, Ellbury D, Kleiber C, et al. An Evidence-Based Multidisciplinary Protocol for
Neonatal Circumcision Pain Management. JOGNN 2002 31, 403-410.
Fergusson DM, Lawton JM, Shannon FT. Neonatal circumcision and penile problems: an
8-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics 1988;81(4):537-541.
Van Howe RS. Variability in penile appearance and penile findings: a prospective study.
Brit J Urol 1997;80:776-782.
Boyle GJ, Goldman R, Svoboda JS, Fernandez E. Male circumcision: pain, trauma and
psychosexual sequelae. J Health Psychology 2002;7(3):329-43.
Chessare JB. Circumcision: Is the risk of urinary tract infection really the pivotal issue?
Clinical Pediatrics 1992;31(2):100-4.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Committee on
Drugs, Section on Anesthesiology, Section on Surgery. Prevention and Management of
Pain and Stress in the Neonate. Pediatrics 2000;105(2):454-461.
Anand KJS, International Evidence-Based Group for Neonatal Pain. Consensus statement
for the prevention and management of pain in the newborn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
2001;155:173-180.
Fetus and Newborn Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society. Neonatal circumcision
revisited. (CPS) Can Med Assoc J 1996; 154(6): 769-780.
Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. Report 10: Neonatal
circumcision. Chicago: American Medical Association, 1999.
AAFP Commission on Clinical Policies and Research. Position Paper on Neonatal
Circumcision. Leawood, Kansas: American Academy of Family Physicians, 2002.
Williams N, Kapila L. Complications of circumcision. Brit J Surg 1993; 80: 1231-1236.
Baker RL. Newborn male circumcision: needless and dangerous. Sexual Medicine Today
1979;3(11):35-36.
Emde RN, Harmon RJ, Metcalf D, et al. Stress and neonatal sleep. Psychosom Med
1971;33(6):491-7.
Gunnar MR, Fisch RO, Korsvik S, Donhowe JM. The effects of circumcision on serum
cortisol and behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1981; 6(3)269-275.
Anders TF, Chalemian RJ. The effects of circumcision on sleep-wake states in human
neonates. Psychosom Med 1974;36(2):174-179.
Marshall RE, Porter FL, Rogers AG, et al. Circumcision: II effects upon mother-infant
interaction. Early Hum Dev 1982; 7(4):367-374.
Howard CR, Howard FM, and Weitzman ML. Acetaminophen analgesia in neonatal
circumcision: the effect on pain. Pediatrics 1994;93(4):641-646.
Pisacane A, Graziano L, Mazzarella G, et al. Breast-feeding and urinary tract infection. J
Pediatr 1992;120:87-89.
To T, Agha M, Dick PT, Feldman W. Cohort study on circumcision of newborn boys and
subsequent risk of urinary-tract infection. Lancet 1998;352(9143):1813-16.
Outerbridge EW. Decreasing the risk of urinary tract infections (Letter). Paediatr Child
Health 1998; 3(1):19.
Anand KJS, Hickey PR, Pain and its effects in the human neonate and fetus. New Engl J
Med 1987; 317 (21):1321-9.
Lander J, Brady-Freyer B, Metcalfe JB, et al. Comparison of ring block, dorsal penile
nerve block, and topical anesthesia for neonatal circumcision. JAMA 1997; 278:2158-62.
4) Human rights issues, Female/Male Mutilation and Religion
Compare FGM and MGM
http://www.circumstitions.com/FGMvsMGM.html
Side-by-side Comparison of official AAP positions
http://www.circumstitions.com/AAP.html
An FGM researcher compares MGM cultural justifications
http://www.fgmnetwork.org/intro/mgmfgm.html
Human Genital Mutilation Classification Chart
http://www.icgi.org/hgm_classification.htm
Female Circumcision. Male Circumcision. Is There A Difference?
From compleatmother.com -- http://tinyurl.com/32fajp
Common Denominators between Male & Female "Circumcision"
http://www.noharmm.org/comparison.htm
Underlying Justifications in the US and Africa
http://www.nocirc.org/symposia/third/hanny3.html
Peoples feelings and experiences with infant circumcision:
From med-fraud.org -- http://tinyurl.com/2qlthj
Share your own male, female or intersex genital-cutting story:
http://www.genitalintegrity.net/blouch/
Proposed Congressional Bill to protect against forced genital-reductions:
http://www.mgmbill.org/
Free Legal Support for those who have been forcibly genitally-reduced:
http://www.arclaw.org/
Religion and Circumcision:
Is circumcision a requirement for salvation for Christian males?
From christiananswers.com -- http://tinyurl.com/2nhdns
Christian Parents and Infant Circumcision
http://www.cirp.org/pages/cultural/peron1/
Questioning Circumcision -- A Jewish Perspective
http://www.jewishcircumcision.org/
Christian Perspective
http://www.udonet.com/circumcision/christian.html
Catholics are not to circumcise:
http://www.catholicsagainstcircumcision.org/
An intact Jewish American woman decides to not cut off part her son:
http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/1998/10/26feature.html
A cut Jewish man writes a letter to his newborn son:
http://www.jewsagainstcircumcision.org/letter.htm
If you regret circumcising your sons, please post here:
http://www.mothering.com/discussions/showthread.php?t=112410
Ethics
http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/
http://www.canadiancrc.com/Circumcision_Genital_Mutilation_MaleFemale_Children.aspx
http://www.sentienttimes.com/03/dec_jan_03/circumcisionT.html
5) Medical Authority
A summary of worldwide Medical association position papers
http://www.nocirc.org/position/
The Canadian Paediatric Society says that male neonatal circumcision should not
routinely (i.e., in the absence of medical indication) be performed.33 The American
Medical Association calls male neonatal circumcision a non-therapeutic procedure.34
The American Academy of Family Physicians equates male neonatal circumcision to a
"cosmetic procedure."35 Male neonatal circumcision now is regarded as a nontherapeutic procedure that is totally unnecessary for a child's health and well-being.
Furthermore, male neonatal non-therapeutic circumcision has significant risks and
complications.36 Circumcision increases infant mortality because some babies die from
complications of circumcision.37 Studies show that intact boys have better penile health
during the first three years of life.39,40 Other drawbacks and disadvantages include
psychological and sexual problems in adult life.40
http://www.drmomma.org/2009/12/effects-of-circumcision-on.html
Here is the Genital Integrity Statement from doctors who oppose circumcision. It is an
official, authoritative, 64 page document with an index for easy reading:
http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/pdf/GenitalIntegrityStatement.pdf
This is a great one for a visual of the "medical" evolution of Circumcision in America,
the UK and The World.
http://www.icgi.org/medicalization_of_circumcision.htm
A neutral medical website:
http://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/babies/Circumcision.htm (Canadian Paediatric Society)
“What Your Doctor May Not Tell You About Circumcision: Untold Facts on America's
Most Widely Performed-and Most Unnecessary-Surgery
by M.D. Paul M. Fleiss (Author), D.Phil Frederick M. Hodges (Author)
http://www.amazon.com/gp/offerlisting/0446678805/ref=sr_1_olp_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252896640&sr=1-1
Dr Sears advises about circumcision:
http://www.askdrsears.com/html/1/T012000.asp
An intact American doctor questions cultural beliefs she was raised with:
By Dr Cat Saunders -- http://tinyurl.com/2k2t3q
Medical Communities
http://www.cirp.org/library/statements/
http://www.nocircnc.org/medicalstatements.htm
http://www.circumcision.org/studies.htm
http://www.intact.ca/saskmemo.html
http://www.nurses.cirp.org
http://faculty.washington.edu/gcd/DOC/
http://www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org
Circumcision and Penile Care Resources for Birth Care Providers
http://www.icgi.org/birth_care_providers.htm
6) How to protect your son from genital amputation. Find a community, support, tips and
ideas.
10 Most Common Circumcision Myths:
http://www.nocircpa.org/4642.html
How to talk to your pro-cutting husband:
Vulnerability of Men article -- http://tinyurl.com/77mgv
How to properly care for your intact baby:
http://www.cirp.org/pages/parents/peron1/
This signable legal form helps dispel the ignorance medical professionals have about
foreskin:
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/care.htm
This signable legal form helps prevent Doctors doing circumcisions without permission:
http://www.noharmm.org/Noncircform.htm
"I want him to Look Like Daddy"
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/Like-Son.htm
Intact and amputated penis care
http://www.nocirc.org/publish/4pam.pdf
http://www.nocirc.org/publish/5pam.pdf
http://www.cirp.org/library/normal/
Hygiene&problems
http://www.cirp.org/library/complications/vanhowe/
Personal Articles:
A woman shares her journey of pregnancy and birthing a son with a pro-cutting husband:
http://www.hobomama.com/2010/04/intact-circumcision-journey.html
Listen to an audiofile from an intact mom who cut her first two babies but not her last:
http://tinyurl.com/37y72u
An intact expectant mother researches circumcision for her blog:
By CrunchyDomesticGoddess -- http://tinyurl.com/35easm
A cut man defends infant circumcision until he researches it:
http://www.salon.com/aug97/mothers/circ970820.html
A cut man researches circumcision and cries:
From Mens Health & Wellbeing -- http://tinyurl.com/3d5l26
An intact woman meets Marilyn Milos:
From Kindred Magazine -- http://tinyurl.com/2t8jwo
A cut man describes how to become a REAL man:
http://josh.bakehorn.net/circ.html
Mother, why was I circumcised? w/ English Subtitles -- 29 mins:
A personal documentary that follows Dutch journalist/filmmaker Michael Schaap as he
interviews circumcisers, politicians, a restored British man, American intactivists, and
some Jews and Muslims.
http://lb.redirectingat.com/?id=848X156205&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftinyurl.com%2Fh9m
no
Man discusses his own Circumcision -- 4mins
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLVGFF8UKzA
Personal Experiences
http://www.stopcirc.com/
http://www.circumcision.org/mothers.htm
http://www.udonet.com/circumcision/chose_to_circ.html
http://www.childbirthsolutions.com/articles/stories/claire/circ.php
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com/mothers.html
Won't it Have to be Done Later?
http://www.mothering.com/articles/new_baby/circumcision/protect-uncircson.html
Foreskin restoration
http://www.norm.org
More Resources
http://www.drmomma.org/
http://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/pregnancy&babies/Circumcision.htm
http://www.cirp.org/pages/parents/FAQ/
http://www.infocirc.org/vice.htm
http://www.noharmm.org/separated.htm
http://www.circumcision.org/information.htm
http://icgi.org/Downloads/FD2.pdf
http://www.jewishcircumcision.org/
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org/
http://www.norm-uk.org/circumcision_lost.html
http://doctorsopposingcircumcision.org/
http://www.cirp.org
http://www.circumcision.org
http://www.infocirc.org
http://www.circumcisionquotes.com
http://www.nocirc.org
http://www.noharm.org
http://www.intact.ca
http://www.mothering.com
http://www.fathermag.com
http://www.circumstitions.com
http://www.boystoo.com
http://www.courtchallenge.com
http://www.sicsociety.org
http://www.stopcirc.com
http://www.mothersagainstcirc.org
http://www.norm-uk.org
http://www.myspace.com/intactivist
Activist Links:
Collection of Blinkies, Banners, Animated gifs etc:
http://www.myspace.com/intactivist
Pamphlets to print and hand out:
http://www.coloradonocirc.org/pamphlets.php
Intactivist shirts, buttons, magnets etc:
http://www.cafepress.com/intactivism/
Stop the Government from automatically paying for infant genital-reductions
http://www.icgi.org/Medicaid_Project/index.htm
Intactivist Internet Support Groups:
Case Against Circumcision MDC Forum -- http://tinyurl.com/cppdw
Wacky World of Circumcision Yahoo Group -- http://tinyurl.com/3cscz9
http://stopcircumcision.tribe.net/
http://intactivism.tribe.net/
Genital Integrity Awareness Week:
http://www.genitalintegrity.net/giaw/
College Campus Student Groups:
http://www.studentsforgenitalintegrity.org/
Petitions to sign:
http://montagunocircpetition.org/
http://www.gopetition.co.uk/online/7846.html
http://tinyurl.com/32xv95
Pain: According to a comprehensive study, newborn responses to pain are "similar to but
greater than those observed in adult subjects." Some infants do not cry because they go
into traumatic shock from the overwhelming pain of the surgery. No experimental
anesthetic has been found to be safe and effective in preventing circumcision pain in
infants.
Circumcision risks: The rate of complications occurring in the hospital and during the
first year has been documented as high as 38% and includes hemorrhage, infection,
surgical injury, and in rare cases, death.
Male genital mutilation on the left. Female genital mutilation on the right.
Worldwide prevalence: The U.S. is the only country in the world that routinely
circumcises most of its male infants for non-religious reasons. Over 80% of the world's
males are intact.
Jewish circumcision: A growing number of American Jews are not circumcising their
sons. Circumcision among Jews in Europe, South America, and Israel also is not
universal.
Infant Male Circumcision