DISCUSSION FACTS:
DATES BEGAN: INGRAFFEA INFORMATION
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Original conventional hydro fracturing began in 1947
Unconventional High Pressure High Volume Slick Water Hydro Fracturing
This methodology began in 1996(slick water), changed in 2002(frack fluid) and 2007(all
4 parts combined, long laterals, slick water, frack fluids, multiwell pads) to the system
used now.
Takes 5.5 - 7.8 millions gallons of fresh water + the .05% toxic chemicals
High Volume: thousands of horsepower to force fluid thru 6” dia. Pipe @ 10,000 LBS
per sq. inch
Slick water - needed to control amount of pressure, to reduce friction of water
molecules
Multi-Well Pads: up to 30 per pad, approx 1 mile in diameter, dictated by geology, gas
co + whose leasing land
FRACTURING
Frack Fluids, methane and radiation travel once released from the fractured shale. They
travel through fractures, faults, strata communication - further and further with each frack.
MICROSEISMIC IMAGING REVEALS FRACTURE BEHAVIOR
From research paper “Fracs Tracked Using Microseismic Images 9/18/03-rev.12/17/08
Authors: S.C. Maxwell and T.I. Urbancic, ESG International, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. N. Steinsberger,
Devon Energy, Fort Worth, Texas and R. Zinno, Schlumberger, Houston, Texas.
“Hydraulic fracture geometries are difficult to predict. Even in environments with relatively simple
fracture geometries, hydraulic fractures can grow asymmetrically, have variable confinement across
geologic horizons, and change orientation.
“The microseismic imaging project undertaken by Devon Energy in its Barnett Shale field to monitor
fracture growth during hydraulic stimulation revealed a complexity of interplay between the
hydraulic and natural fractures previously unimagined.”
From Schlumberger's publication “Oilfield Review,” Winter 2005/2006
Article “The Source For Hydraulic Fracture Characterization, p.46.
"While it is possible to have a good understanding of existing natural fracture systems, our ability to
determine hydraulic fracture geometry and characteristics has been limited. Geologic discontinuities
such as fractures and faults can dominate fracture geometry in a way that makes predicting hydraulic
fracture behavior difficult. Clearly, the exploration and production (E&P) industry still has much to
learn about hydraulic fractures."
CEMENT FAILURES
CHRONIC KNOWN ISSUES: CASING FAILURE PROBLEMS, FREQUENTLY (1), (2) & (3)
 Migration of flowback fluids along cement and rock
 Loss of bond (cement and casing)
 Diffusion of fluids - inaccurate cement mixtures
 Fracture of cement
 Rupture of casing
 Cement well plug failure
(1)Journal of Petroleum Technology June 1989
(2)Why Oilwells Leak: Cement Behavior and Long-Term Consequences, Society of Petroleum Engineers Interntl. Oil and
Gas Conf. and Exhibition, 2000
(3)Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells Become Pollution Portals, R. Suro - New York Times, May 1992
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shale gas wells is that these are works designed for a very short lifespan: the years of
the well exploitation.
A working well has a life of 3-5 years. (8)Marc Durand
classic gas reservoirs, up to 95% of the natural gas is captured.
shales, recoveries are expected to be around 20% because of low permeabilities
despite high-density horizontal drilling and extensive hydraulic fracturing.“ (4)
(4)National Energy Board, A Primer for Understanding Canadian Shale Gas 2009
http://www.nebone.gc.ca/clfnsi/rnrgynfmtn/nrgyrprt/ntrlgs/prmrndrstndngshlgs2009/prmrndrstndngshlgs2009eng.pdf
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International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China, Beijing
7-10 Nov 2000
Explanatory mechanisms include channeling, poor cake removal, shrinkage, and
high cement permeability. The reason is probably cement shrinkage that leads to
circumferential fractures that are propagated upward by the slow accumulation of
gas under pressure behind the casing.
Portland Class G (API rating) oil well cement forms the base of almost all oil well
cements. Generally, slurries are placed at densities about 2.0 Mg/m3, but at
such low densities will shrink and will be influenced by the elevated
pressures (10-70 MPa) and temperatures (35 to >140°C) encountered at
depth.(8)
(8)Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc. ISBN 978-1-55563-907-5-MSMaurice B. Dusseault, Porous Media Research Institute,
University of Waterloo; Malcolm N. Gray, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited; Pawel A. Nawrocki, CANMET Source
2) The drilling of wells and the fracturing of the homogeneous rock is a totally irreversible
operation with no technical solution to restore the the shale to its original impermeable
state. These gas wells closed off at the end of commercial exploitation become potential
conduits for the gas leaks. For these structures, as all structures made of steel and
concrete, there is the fundamental question of their life span – from which follows the
question of what will happen when their state of degradation can no longer withstand the
pressure of the gas. This pressure in the reservoir will grow slowly but continually while the
well structures will continue to degrade. These two phenomenon will in time become
manifest on the surface in the growing number and increasing flow of methane leaks. The
management of these buried works will cost colossal sums.(8)
(8)Dr. Marc Durand, Professeur dépt. Sciences de la terre, UQAM The Exploitation of Conventional Gas Wells vs.
Exploitation by Extended Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing
WHAT GOES IN:
 5.6 - 8 million gallons of drinkable water. NAT GAS ind. .05% chemicals(INGRAFFEA)
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6.5 mill x .05= 325,000 gallons toxic chemicals used during the nat gas extraction.
1 line is 1 mile long, each frac is done in 500 ft sections, so that is 11 fracs = 97mill
gals (97,075,000)
13 lines in a pad = 1.3billion gal water made undrinkable forever(1,261,975,000)
20 wells in 1 year = 25.2billion gal water made undrinkable forever (25,239,500,000 )
WHAT COMES BACK UP
 When fracturing process is completed frac pressure released, frac fluid backflows to
well head 10-50% (O&G Industry lowballs this number) (1)
(40% by industry standards)40% of 325,000 is 130,000 gal.
 Flowback Fluids/Produced Water contain:
-High Saline - could produce 27 tons per year (4)
-Heavy Metals (barium, strontium, chromium, arsenic, lead) elements that are
incredibly toxic to humans in low concentrations
-RADIIOACTIVE Radium 226 and Radon 222 -in some cases 1,000 times more
than permitted by federal drinking water standards (New York Times Feb 2011)
 Continued toxic concentration of chemicals used
 Creates GREATER RISKS of Accidents, Spills, Leakages, Discharges, Exposures to
WATER and AIR (1)
ALL WELLS continue to ooze flowback fluid all of its life. When wells go into production,
flowback fluid is then called “Produced Water”. It’s the same fluid, just called a different
name so that it can now be considered “industrial waste”. (7)
(1) Dr. Anthony Ingraffea; the Facts About Fracking
(2) Dr. Theo Colborn; TEDX Endocrine Disruption Exchange
(3) Chemical and Biological Risk Assessment fro Natural Gas Extraction in New York (36)
(4)Wastewater Recycling No Cure-All Gas Process New York Times
(5)Journal of Petroleum Technology June 1989
(6)Why Oilwells Leak: Cement Behavior and Long-Term Consequences, Society of Petroleum Engineers International Oil and Gas
Conference and Exhibition, Nov 7, 2000
(7)Abandoned Oil and Gas Wells Become Pollution Portals, R. Suro - New York Times, May 1992
AIR EMISSIONS - happens 100% of the time
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GROUND LEVEL OZONE(2) is Created by each stage of the production and extraction
of methane, fugitive methane, the venting toxic chemicals and the flowback fluids,
Volatile Organic Compounds, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen Oxides,
Hydrogen Sulphides, dust particulates, diesel fumes/exhaust, hazardous air pollutants
spreads up to 200 miles beyond the immediate region where gas is being produced
(U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment 1989; Roberts 2008)
Creates chronic and long-term organ and system damage
Inhaled, ingested, and absorbed thru the skin
 89% of these chemicals can harm the eyes, skin, sensory organs,
respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or liver.
 81% cause harm to the brain and nervous system.
 71% percent of the volatile chemicals harm the cardiovascular
system and blood
 66% harm the kidneys(1)
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EPA has stated that well blowouts, line releases, extinguished flares, collection of sour
gas in low lying areas, line leakage, and leakage from abandoned wells are all sources
of documented accidental releases which have affected the public not just industry
workers(3)
Emissions of hydrogen sulphide, an extremely toxic gas and exposure can lead to coma
and death(3)
(1)Dr. Theo Colborn, TEDX
(2)CH2MHILL 2007; Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment 2007; URS 2008; U.S.
Congress, Office of Technology Assessment 1989.
(3)Dr. Eric London, “Hydraulic Fracturing Study--Comments” Sept 7, 2010
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE FLOWBACK FLUID/PRODUCED WATER?
RECYCLING FLOWBACK FLUIDS:
There is NO way to recycle, take out the chemicals and radioactivity in the ‘produced
water’ to bring it back to a drinkable state. There is NO Wastetreatment Plant in New York
state that can process the flowback fluids/produced water to make it non-toxic, safe, or
potable/drinkable again -ever. NO MATTER WHAT the NATGAS co. promise!
From CHESAPEAKE: RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY
“Why can’t the water generated from natural gas production be recycled?
Most of the water generated from natural gas production contains too many naturally
occurring minerals, such as salt, to be recycled effectively. There has been some success
in recycling the first 5% (16,250 gal of 325,000 gal)of produced water during flowback
operations. However, by the end of the first few days after fracing (and in some cases a
few hours), salt content of the produced water can reach as high as 70,000 parts per
million (ppm), more than twice the salinity of seawater (30,000 ppm). The majority (95%) of
the produced water returned from the well, with its high salt content, is too saturated to
make recycling currently economically viable. “
http://www.askchesapeake.com/MarcellusShale/NY/Water/Pages/SaltwaterDisposalWells.aspx
WASTETREATMENT PLANT IN:
Indiana Cty: Penn. Brine Treatment Inc. Josephine Facility
released in BLACKLICK CREEK From flowback fluid/produced water:
Barium concentrations 27 times higher than the EPA safety standard
Strontium: 745 mcl times over epa safety standard, 1560 times the mrl epa safety
standard
Bromide: 10,699 ppb times over the safety standards
Benzene: safety is 5ppb, it was exceeded by 24 times the safety standard ( Benzene is
banned from drinking water by the EPA at levels above 5parts per billion.)
2-butoxyethanol (glycol ether) 165 times over the acute MRL standard and 942 time the
intermediate MRL standard (MRL - minimum risk levels)
Magnesium:24,950 times over safety standards
CHLORIDES: 511 times over safety
ECONOMICS:
SHOW BANKING INFO:
Bank Memo
Mortgage Issues/Title Insurance Issues
Keystone Research Proved:
Nat Gas Ind. Claims brought in 88,000 jobs into Penn.
 FACT:Less than 10,000 jobs in 4 years
1 out of 59 jobs - core or ancillary positions
 June and July Unemployment numbers in Penn. Highest in 30 years.
BOOMBUST The Impact of West Virginias Energy Economy July 2011
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A Legacy of Booms and Busts in Mining/Gas Extraction Counties
Median Household Incomes Are Lower in Extraction Counties
Family Poverty Rates Are Higher in Extraction Counties (17)
(17)Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2005-2009 Estimates
Health Outcomes Are Worse in Extraction Counties (18)
(18)Univ. of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, County Health Rankings, 2011
Extraction Counties Disproportionately “At-Risk” or “Distressed”
The classification system compares each county’s three-year average
unemployment rate, per capita market income, and poverty rate with
national averages.19
(19) Source and Methodology: Distressed Designation and County Economic
Status Classification System
Extraction Counties Lack Economic Diversity(26)
(26) Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
Extraction Counties Have Lower Education Levels(27)
(27) Bureau of Labor Statistics
Extraction Counties Have High Income Inequality(30)
(30)Academic Literature on the relationship between income distribution and
economic growth; atar.mscc.huji.ac.il/~melchior/html/Income%20Distribution.htm
(17) Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2005-2009 Estimates
(18) Univeristy of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, County Health Rankings, 2011
(19) Source and Methodology: Distressed Designation and County Economic Status Classification System
(26) Census Bureau, County Business Patterns
(27) Bureau of Labor Statistics
(30)Academic Literature on the relationship between income distribution and economic growth;
atar.mscc.huji.ac.il/~melchior/html/Income%20Distribution.htm
WHAT GOES WRONG FROM ABOVE
Spills, ruptures, seepage of drilling fluids, frack chemicals, flowback fluids - ALL go where
they don’t belong - FREQUENTLY (1)
(1) Dr. Anthony Ingraffea; the Facts About Fracking
WATER CONTAMINATION
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“Environmental Protection Agency concluded in a 1987 study that “fracking” of a natural
gas well in West Virginia contaminated an underground drinking water source. That allbut-forgotten report to Congress, uncovered by Environmental Working Group and
Earthjustice, found that fracturing gel from a shale gas well more than 4,000 feet deep
had contaminated well water.”
2004 EPA study is routinely used to dismiss complaints that hydraulic-fracturing fluids
might be responsible for the water problems
 EPA negotiated directly with the gas industry before finalizing those conclusions
 within the 424-page report are statements explaining that fluids migrated unpredictably
and that some of the chemicals involved "can cause kidney, liver, heart, blood, and
brain damage through prolonged or repeated exposure." It found that as much as a
third of injected fluids, benzene in particular, remains in the ground after drilling and is
“likely to be transported by groundwater."(10)
Drilling process causes water supply alarm By Abrahm Lustgarten
ProPublica11-17-09
States listed with cases of contaminated drinking water:
Wyoming
Colorado
West Virginia
Ohio
Texas
New Mexico
Alabama
Pennsylvania
10 counties in Penn have contaminated water wells.
Bradford county alone had 91 drinking wells contaminated.
2009 Longest known plume has gone 28 miles (Sublette, Wy)containing benzene at levels
1,500 times the epa safety level for human exposure. 88 of 220 (40%)waterwells
contaminated.Drilling process causes water supply alarm By Abrahm Lustgarten
ProPublica11-17-09
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Gas has seeped into underground drinking-water supplies in at least five states, including Colorado,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas and West Virginia(1)
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A strong flow of gas was encountered about 2,600 feet below ground. The well bore became pressurized
causing methane migration. Manifestations included a pond and residential water well in the area. 12
families were evacuated from their homes. The State Supreme Court in Cattaraugus County awarded
damages to affected individuals in April 2005. It took 9 years to award damages.(6)
Baseline tests on Zimmermann's water a year before drilling began were "perfect," he said. In June,
water tests found arsenic at 2,600 times acceptable levels, benzene at 44 times above limits and
naphthalene five times the federal standard. Soil samples detected mercury and selenium above official
limits, as well as ethylbenzene, a chemical used in drilling, and trichloroethene, a naturally occurring but
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toxic chemical that can be brought to the surface by gas drilling(5)
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1996 Town of Freedom, Cattaraugus Co. NY(Spill #9610441: API Well ID#31-009-22657-00-00) A
strong flow of gas was encountered about 2,600 feet below ground. The well bore became pressurized
causing methane migration. Manifestations included a pond and residential water well in the area. 12
families were evacuated from their homes. The State Supreme Court in Cattaraugus County awarded
damages to affected individuals in April 2005. It took 9 years to award damages.
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2003 Town of Independence, Allegany Co. NY(Spill #0375293; API Well ID#31-003-14571-00-00)
A valve malfunctioned at a facility associated with an injection well that is used to dispose of brine
produced at three of the operator’s natural gas storage fields. Water treatments were given to two or
three nearby residents to ameliorate concerns about the potential for impacts to their private wells.(7)
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A recent regional government study in Colorado concluded that the same methane gas tapped by drilling
had migrated into dozens of water wells, possibly through natural faults and fissures exacerbated by
hydraulic fracturing.(9)
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Dennis Coleman, a geologist in Illinois, has seen an example where methane gas has seeped
underground for more than seven miles – He is a leading international expert on molecular testing whose
company, Isotech Laboratories(9)
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In another case, benzene, a chemical sometimes found in drilling additives, was discovered throughout a
28-mile long aquifer in Wyoming(9)
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More than half the states allow waste pits that hold toxic fluids from fracturing to intersect with the water
table, even though waste pits have been connected to hundreds of cases of water contamination(9)
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More than 1,000 other cases of contamination have been documented by courts and state and local
governments in Colorado, New Mexico, Alabama, Ohio and Pennsylvania(10)
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In September, the Bureau of Land Management approved plans for 4,400 new wells in Sublette County,
despite the unresolved water issues. Tests there showed contamination in 88 of the 220 wells
examined, and the plume stretched over 28 miles. When researchers returned to take more
samples, they couldn’t even open the water wells; monitors showed they contained so much
flammable gas that they were likely to explode.(10)
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In the town of Clark, the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality found benzene in a residential
well after an underground well casing cracked.(10)
(1)Drilling Down- Regulation Lax as Gas Wells’ Tainted Water Hits Rivers New York Times
(2)Wastewater Recycling No Cure-All in Gas Process March 1, 2011 New York Times
(3)Natural Gas Drilling Produces Radioactive Wastewater ,November 9, 2009 ProPublica
(4)Waxman, Markey, and DeGette Investigation Finds Continued Use of Diesel in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids, Jan 31, 2011
(5)Pennsylvania lawsuit says drilling polluted water, Reuters By Jon Hurdle
(6)1996 Town of Freedom, Cattaraugus Co. NY(Spill #9610441: API Well ID#31-009-22657-00-00)
(7)2003 Town of Independence, Allegany Co. NY(Spill #0375293; API Well ID#31-003-14571-00-00)
(8)2009 Lebanon, Madison Co. NY (Spill #0813694; API Well ID#31-053-26305-00-00)
(9)Natural Gas Drilling: What We Don’t Know ProPublica December 2009 By Abrahm Lustgarten
(10)Buried Secrets: Is Natural Gas Drilling Endangering U.S. Water Supplies?
COMPRESSOR STATION HEALTH ISSUES
Formeldahyde Emissions- formeldahyde is toxic to humans
Acute Effects:
 The major toxic effects caused by acute formaldehyde exposure via inhalation are
eye, nose, and throat irritation and effects on the nasal cavity. Other effects seen
from exposure to high levels of formaldehyde in humans are coughing, wheezing,
chest pains, and bronchitis. (1,2)
 Ingestion exposure to formaldehyde in humans has resulted in corrosion of the
gastrointestinal tract and inflammation and ulceration of the mouth, esophagus, and
stomach. (1,2)
 The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has established a
chronic inhalation minimal risk level (MRL) of 0.003 ppm (0.004 milligrams per cubic
meter, mg/m3) based on respiratory effects in humans. The MRL is an estimate of
the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without
appreciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects over a specified duration of
exposure. (7)
Reproductive/Developmental Effects:
 An increased incidence of menstrual disorders were observed in female workers
using urea-formaldehyde resins. (1,2)
Cancer Risk:
 Occupational studies have noted statistically significant associations between
exposure to formaldehyde and increased incidence of lung and nasopharyngeal
cancer.
 Animal studies have reported an increased incidence of nasal squamous cell
carcinomas by inhalation exposure. (1,6)
 EPA considers formaldehyde to be a probable human carcinogen (cancer-causing
agent) and has ranked it in EPA's Group B1. (6)
Vibroacoustic Disease - Vibroacoustic disease (VAD) is a noise-induced, whole-body
pathology, of a systemic nature, caused by excessive and unmonitored exposure to LF
noise.
VAD can lead to severe medical conditions:
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cardiac infarcts (Castelo Branco, 1999 and Castelo Branco et al, 1999),
 stroke (Castelo Branco, 1999 and Castelo Branco et al, 1999),
 cancer (Silva et al, 1996 and Castelo Branco et al, 1999),
 epilepsy (Martinho Pimenta et al, 1999a),
 rage reactions (Castelo Branco et al, 1999),
 and suicide (Castelo Branco et al, 1999).
Noise Pollution Takes Toll on Health and Happiness, Everyday Noise Can Overstimulate the Body's Stress Response
By Rick Weiss
Washington Post Staff Writer
Tuesday, June 5, 2007; HE05
Monitoring Vibroacoustic Disease
By Nuno A. A. Castelo Branco, Augusto J. F. Martinho Pimenta, José M. Reis Ferreira, Mariana Alves-Pereira
RADIATION
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Radium 226- highly toxic to humans when inhaled or ingested. Water soluble.
Radionuclides of Radium 226 are also toxic when inhaled.
Produces Radon 222.
Radium226 radionuclides and the radon stay in the thermogenic methane.
Comes to the surface with the flowback fluid/produced water as well as migrates with
the gas and fluids throughout underground faults/fractures when released from shale.
Radioactive Wastemanagement:
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2009, officials from an industry trade group, the Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Association, wrote to
regulators to confirm that drilling waste, regardless of how it was handled, would remain exempt from the
federal law governing hazardous materials. Federal regulators informed the industry that their exemption
remained intact(2)
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Chemung County landfills is accepting drilling waste that is 25 to 1,000 more radioactive than acceptable
levels. 2010. (11)
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The Times also found never-reported studies by the E.P.A. and a confidential study by the drilling
industry that all concluded that radioactivity in drilling waste cannot be fully diluted in rivers and other
waterways. (1)
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Federal and state regulators are allowing most sewage treatment plants that accept drilling waste not to
test for radioactivity(1)
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level of radioactivity in the wastewater has sometimes been hundreds or even thousands of times the
maximum allowed by the federal standard for drinking water(1)
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Ridgway Borough’s public sewage treatment plant, in Elk County, Pa., discharges into the Clarion River,
which flows into the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, said his plant was taking about 20,000 gallons of
drilling waste per day, was not equipped to remove radioactive material and was not required to test for
it. Documents filed by drillers with the state, show that in 2009 This facility was sent water from wells
whose wastewater was laced with radium at 275 times the drinking-water standard and with other types
of radiation at more than 780 times the standard. (1)
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Of more than 179 wells producing wastewater with high levels of radiation, at least 116 reported levels of
radium or other radioactive materials 100 times as high as the levels set by federal drinking-water
standards.(1)
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At least 15 wells produced wastewater carrying more than 1,000 times the amount of radioactive
elements considered acceptable(1)
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2009 and 2010, public sewage treatment plants directly upstream from some of these drinking-water
intake facilities accepted wastewater that contained radioactivity levels as high as 2,122 times the
drinking-water standard(1)
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A confidential industry study from 1990, conducted for the American Petroleum Institute, concluded that
“using conservative assumptions,” radium in drilling wastewater dumped off the Louisiana coast posed
“potentially significant risks” of cancer for people who eat fish from those waters regularly(1)

December 2009, E.P.A. scientists advised in a letter to New York that sewage treatment plants not
accept drilling waste with radium levels 12 or more times as high as the drinking-water standard. The
Times found wastewater containing radium levels that were hundreds of times this standard. The
scientists also said that the plants should never discharge radioactive contaminants at levels higher than
the drinking-water standard. (1)
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2009, Pennsylvania rivers were ineffective at sufficiently diluting the radium-laced drilling wastewater
being discharged into them.(1)

The monitor in the Monongahela is placed upstream from the two public sewage treatment plants that
the state says are still discharging large amounts of drilling waste into the river, leaving the discharges
from these plants unchecked and Pittsburgh exposed(1)

It’s cheaper to dump wastewater than to treat it.” Records back up that assertion. From October
2008 through October 2010, regulators were more than twice as likely to issue a written warning than to
levy a fine for environmental and safety violations, according to state data. During this period, 15
companies were fined for drilling-related violations in 2008 and 2009(1)

260 million gallons of wastewater were sent to plants that discharge their treated waste into rivers, out of
a total of more than 680 million gallons of wastewater produced(2)

Any sludge that settles from recycling drilling waste processes is taken to landfills, or is sent to injection
disposal wells. All forms of recycling still result in liquid waste that is more toxic than it was after the first
use (2)
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Pennsylvania also allows salty brine produced from the wastewater to be spread on roads for dust
suppression or de-icing(2)

More than 155,000 gallons of this wastewater was sent by a drilling company called Ultra Resources to
nine towns for dust suppression in 2009. The water came from two gas wells in Tioga County and
contained radium at almost 700 times the levels allowed in drinking water(2)

Richmond Township, in Tioga County, received 101,640 gallons of the water from wells with high
radioactivity(2)
(1)Drilling Down- Regulation Lax as Gas Wells’ Tainted Water Hits Rivers New York Times
(2)Wastewater Recycling No Cure-All in Gas Process March 1, 2011 New York Times
(3)Natural Gas Drilling Produces Radioactive Wastewater ,November 9, 2009 ProPublica
(4)Waxman, Markey, and DeGette Investigation Finds Continued Use of Diesel in Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids, Jan 31, 2011
(5)Pennsylvania lawsuit says drilling polluted water, Reuters By Jon Hurdle
(6)1996 Town of Freedom, Cattaraugus Co. NY(Spill #9610441: API Well ID#31-009-22657-00-00)
(7)2003 Town of Independence, Allegany Co. NY(Spill #0375293; API Well ID#31-003-14571-00-00)
(8)2009 Lebanon, Madison Co. NY (Spill #0813694; API Well ID#31-053-26305-00-00)
(9)Natural Gas Drilling: What We Don’t Know ProPublica December 2009 By Abrahm Lustgarten
(10)Buried Secrets: Is Natural Gas Drilling Endangering U.S. Water Supplies?
(11) Law off ice of Gary Abraham