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ICSE-X GEOGRAPHY 2010
PART—I (30 Marks)
(Attempt all questions from this Part)
Question 1.
Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. 45D/7 and answer the
following questions:
(a) Give the six figure grid reference of:
(i) Triangulated height 307
(ii) The spot height 196.
[2]
(b) Give the four figure grid reference of each of the following:
(i) The confluence of the Sipu River and the Mahadeviyo Nala.
(ii) Sheet rock.
[2]
(c) Measure the shortest distance in kilometres between the temple in grid square
8192, and the perennial lined well at Bhakodar 8188.
[2]
(d) What do the following represent ?
(i) Black curved lines in 7788.
(ii) The blue line in the bed of the Sipu River.
[2]
(e) (i) What is the general pattern of settlements in the region shown on the
map?
(ii) Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(f) Which is the chief form of irrigation shown in the map extract ? Why is it
necessary ?
[2]
(g) (i) What is the main form of transport in this region ?
(ii) Give the map evidence for your answer.
[2]
(h) (i) What is the compass direction of Dantiwada, 8582,fromBhadliKotha,
7886 ?
(ii) What is the general direction of flow of the Arado. N ?
[2]
(i) (i) Name the type of drainage pattern found in grid square 8584.
(ii) What do you mean by 25r in grid square 8286 ?
[2]
(j) (i) What is meant by 'R.F.' ?
(ii) What is the R.F. shown on this map extract ?
[2]
Answer 1.
(a) (i) 859843
(ii) 860788
(b) (i) 8189
(ii) 8188
(c) 8 cm = 4 km.
(d) (i) broken ground (ii)
perennial stream
(e) (i) nucleated
(ii) There are a number of cart tracks connecting the settlements. People can
take to farming.
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(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
perennial wells because the rivers are seasonal.
(i) carts
(ii) single red lines shown on the map
(i) south-east
(ii) north to south
(i) dendritic
(ii) the relative depth of the perennial well is 25 metres
(i) Representative fraction : It is the ratio of the horizontal distance
between two points on the map to the distance of the corresponding
points on the ground.
(ii) 1 : 50000
Question 2.
On the outline map provided :(a) Label the river Chenab.
(b) Label the river Chambal.
(c) Shade and label the Nilgiri Hills.
(d) Mark and label the Eastern Ghats.
(e) Mark and name the port city of Pakistan.**
(f) Mark and label Hyderabad.
(g) Shade and label the Sunderbans.
(h) Mark and name the Polk Strait.
(i) Mark and label a region North of the Tropic of Cancer where tea is grown
extensively.
(j) Mark and name the winds which bring rain to Mumbai in July and August.
Answer 2.
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PART - II (50 Marks)
(Attempt any five questions from this Part)
Question 3.
(a) Name:**
(i) A landlocked country which is also a member of SAARC.
(ii) The second largest of the SAARC countries.
(** Answer is not given due to change in the present syllabus.)
(b) Mention two factors which Myanmar has in common with the other members
of SAARC.**
[2]
(c) Himalayas are the birthplace of many rivers. Mention three ways in which we
benefit from his.
[3]
(d) Give geographical reasons for :
(i) The rivers of South India are easier to tap for power than the rivers of
North India.
(ii) Roads and railways are easier to lay down in the Northern plains than in
peninsular India.
(iii) Industries in Bangladesh are mainly agro-based. **
[3]
Answer 3.
(c) (i) The Himalayan rivers are perennial and they can be used for irrigation.
(ii) There are many waterfalls and rapids in the course of these rivers which
are used for generation of hydel power.
(iii) These rivers bring a huge quantity of silt and alluvium and deposit it in
the plains during the flood time. In this way new layers of fertile soil are
formed every year.
(d) (i) The rivers of South India arise from the Western Ghats. They are not so
high as the Himalayas and hence it is easier to construct dams to store
water and use for electricity.
(ii) The Northern plains are one of the most level and extensive plains in the
world. Peninsulae India is the Deccan region which is rugged. Hence it
is easy to construct roads and railways in northern plains.
Question 4.
(a) What is the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Nepal ? **
[2]
(b) Why is agriculture concentrated in East Pakistan and animal rearing in the
'Western part of Pakistan ?**
[2]
(c) Mention three benefits that we derive from the Western Ghats.
[3]
(d) Name the following:
(i) The river which is known as the Ganga of the South.
(ii) The plateau in India which is rich in minerals.
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(iii) The highest peak in South India.
[3]
Answer 4.
(c) (i) The Western Ghats form an effective barrier to the South West
Monsoon winds. These winds are forced up and condense and bring
heavy rain to the western slopes. The eastern slopes get less rain. This
rain helps the growth of crops.
(ii) The forests on the Western Ghats yield valuable timber. Where the rain
is more than 200 cms, we find evergreen hard-wooded trees e.g. banyan,
bamboo, palm which are used for fuel and building purposes. On the
eastern slopes where the rain is about 100-200 cms, the deciduous trees
grow, like teak, sal which are used for building, boat construction. There
are other valuable trees like eucalyptus, sandalwood which yield scented
oil which are medicinal.
(iii) The rivers on the Western Ghats are used for generation of electricity.
(d) (i) Godavari
(ii) Deccan Plateau
(iii) Annaimudi
Question 5.
(a) Mention two differences in the climatic conditions which prevail over Kerala
and Uttar Pradesh in the month of June.
[2]
(b) Name:
(i) The source of winter rain to Pakistan**
(ii) The source of the winter rain to Tamil Nadu.
(c) Give reasons for the following:
(i) The North East Monsoons bring almost no rain to most of India.
(ii) The mango showers are beneficial local winds.
(iii) The latitudinal extent of India is responsible for the variation in the
climatic conditions which prevail in the country.
(d) Study the climatic data provided below and answer the questions that follow:
Month
Station A
Temperature °C
Rainfall cm
Station B
Temperature °C
Rainfall cm
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
21.0
0.1
22.6
0.1
26.3
0.5
29.2
1.5
29.7
2.7
27.5
11.4
25.1
16.7
24.5
9.0
24.8
13.4
25.5
9.0
22.5
2.7
20.5
0.3
24.4
0.2
24.4
0.3
26.7
0.3
28.3
1.7
30.0
1.9
28.9
50.2
27.2
61.0
27.2
37.0
27.2
27.0
28.3
4.8
27.2
1.4
25.0
0.3
(i) Calculate the annual range of temperature of Station B.
(ii) Calculate annual rainfall of Station A.
(iii) Presuming that both the stations are located in West India, state giving a
reason as to which of the two lies on the windward side of the Western
Ghats.
Answer 5.
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(a) Kerala faces the South-West Monsoon which starts by the end of May and
brings heavy rain. The climate is cooled. Uttar Pradesh on the other hand lies
to the north, in the interior. It will get the rain from the Bay of Bengal branch
of the South-West Monsoon which will reach there by the end of June or
beginning July. This rain will also be much less as the winds continue
dropping their moisture on the way. The plains are very hot in the month of
June.
(b) (ii) North-East Monsoon.
(c) (i) The North-East Monsoon is a dry wind blowing from the Asian
landmass. It collects moisture from the Bay of Bengal. It brings less
rain to east India, Chennai coast.
(ii) Mango showers are local winds which bring rain to Kerala in the month
of May. It is good for the growth of mangoes.
(iii) The Northern plains lie to north of the Tropic of Cancer in the
Temperature Zone. The winters are much colder. South India lies below
the Tropic of Cancer, in the tropics and gets the direct rays of the sun.
Hence it is hot through most of the year. The winters are not so cold.
(d) (i) 30°C - 244°C = 5-6°C
(ii) 674 cms
(iii) Station B as it gets more rainfall in the months of June, July, August.
Question 6.
(a) Name the soil which :
(i) covers the summits of the Eastern Ghats
(ii) makes up the delta of the River Ganga.
(iii) is the most suitable for the cultivation of cotton
(iv) is sticky when wet and cracks when dry.
[2]
(b) What is soil conservation ? How does reafforestation help in soil
conservation ?
[2]
(c) Name the process by which laterite soil is formed. What climatic conditions
are responsible for its formation ?
[3]
(** Answer is not given due to change in the present syllabus.)
(d) Give reasons for :
(i) Black soil is largely found in the Deccan Trap region
(ii) Khadar is more fertile than Bhangar.
(iii) Soil erosion by wind is common in arid regions.
[3]
Answer 6.
(a) (i) laterite
(ii) alluvial
(iii) black
(iv) black
(b) Soil conservation refers to the methods of protecting the soil from erosion.
Roots of the trees protect the soil by holding it in place against wind and
water erosion. Re-afforestation means replanting trees which have been cut
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down. For every tree that is cut, two trees are grown. In this way forest cover
is increased.
(c) Laterite soil is the result of intensive leaching brought on by heavy rains. It is
found in regions having high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating
wet and dry periods which is typical of monsoon lands.
(d) (i) Black soil is formed as a result of the denudation of the lava flow rocks
brought on by the volcanic activity in the Deccan plateau in ages past.
(ii) Khadar alluvium is more fertile than Bhangar alluvium as it is
replenished by floods every year. It is free from Kankar (lime nodules).
Bhangar alluvium is found on river terraces. It is free from floods. It
contains Kankar (lime nodules) which make it less fertile.
(iii) Arid regions have no vegetation cover. The wind blows away fine
particles of sand depositing them in other areas rendering both areas
unproductive.
Question 7.
(a) Name one centre in each of the following states where iron is mined:
(i) Orissa
(ii) Jharkhand.
[2]
(b) Which variety of coal is popular for domestic use ?
Give a reason for your answer.
[2]
(c) Name a region which has natural gas deposits. Mention two uses of natural
gas.**
[3]
(d) Why is an oil refinery located either close to an oilfield or in a coastal city ?
Name one oil refinery in the private sector.
[3]
Answer 7.
(a) (i) Keonjhar
(ii) Singhbhum
(b) Bituminous coal because it has high calorific value.
(d) India has vast oil bearing areas both onshore and offshore. Since crude
petroleum has to be refined and a great deal is also important, it is necessary
that the refineries be located near the oilfields and at major ports. Numaligarh
in Assam.
Question 8.
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(** Answer is not given due to change in the present syllabus.)
(a) Study the picture given above and answer the following questions:
(i) Name the crop which is being planted. Give one benefit of this method
of planting this crop
(ii) Mention the climatic conditions which favour the cultivation of the crop
being planted.
[2]
(b) Name the state in India which leads cotton cultivation. Mention two climatic
factors which affect the cotton cultivation adversely.
[2]
(c) Answer the following questions with reference to sugarcane:
(i) Mention two different ways in which it is propagated,
(ii) Why is a lot of labour required for its cultivation ?
(iii) Why must the sugar mills be near the sugar fields ?
[3]
(d) Give geographical reasons for the following:
(i) Tea bushes are pruned at regular intervals
(ii) Tapping of rubber trees is usually done in the morning hours.
(iii) Oil cake is a useful residue.
[3]
Answer 8.
(a) (i) Rice. Transplantation. It increases yields by 30% to 40%.
(ii) Rice requires mean temperatures from 25 °C to 32°C and abundant
rainfall from 150 to 200 cms. It thrives best where there is 5 to 10 cms
of standing water in the fields.
(b) Gujarat.
Frost is very injurious to the cotton plant. There should be at least 200 frost
free days. Warm days and cool nights are good for the development of the
bolls and fibre and rain during this time will render the fibres mouldy and
discoloured.
(c) (i) Two methods of propagating sugarcane plant : (1) The sugarcane is cut
into pieces from stalk cuttings of two or three joints, known as setts.
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(ii)
(iii)
(d) (i)
(ii)
(iii)
These setts are taken from the healty plants of cane and casted by hand
in the furrows made by the plough. The distance of 30 cms between the
furrows should be kept so that there is no hindrance when they develop
into cane.
(2)
The second method is known as Ratooning. At the time of
harvesting the lower portion of the plant and the roots are left as
they are in the fields The stem begins to grow from the same
roots and gains maturity in due course. This method is desirable
for 2 years at the most.
Sugarcane is a long duration crop occupying the field for 12 months or
more The field has to be prepared by ploughing twice or thrice. It is a
sol exhausting crop requiring lot of manure. Hence lot of labour is
required.
Sugarcane loses its sucrose content after 24-48 hours. Hence the mills
should be near the sugarcane fields.
Pruning encourages the growth of new shoots with softer leaves.
Latex flows freely in the early morning and there is less chance of rain.
Oil cake is excellent cattlefeed and also used as fertiliser.
Question 9. **
(a) On which river is the Chukha Project constructed ?
What was the purpose of erecting it ?
[2]
(b) Name the gas that is generated in bio-gas plants and then harnessed for
power. Mention one advantage of bio-gas plants over the other sources of
power.
[2]
(c) Mention three advantages that hydro-electric power has over thermal power.
[3]
(d) Name :
(i) the largest earthen dam in Pakistan. On which river is it ? Why was it
constructed ?
(** Answer is not given due to change in the present syllabus.)
(ii) a multi-purpose project in India which has been erected in joint
collaboration with Nepal.
[3]
Question 10.
(a) What is sericulture ? Name any two types of silk.
[2]
(b) Classify industries on the basis of the nature of products. Give one example
of each.
[2]
(c) (i) Mention two reasons for the importance of the cotton textile industry.
(ii) Mention one reason responsible for its poor performance.
[3]
(d) Give geographical reasons for the following:
(i) Kolkata has many cotton mills though cotton is not grown in West
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Bengal.
(ii) Karnataka is an important centre for silk.
(iii) India produces very little cane-sugar though it is one of the largest
producers of sugar-cane in the world.
[3]
Answer 10.
(a) Sericulture is the art of producing silk from the silkworm. The two types of
silk are : Mulberry and Non-Mulberry.
(b) (i) Basic or key
(ii) Secondary
(iii) Tertiary
(i) Basic - Iron and steel
(ii) Secondary - Paper, dyes
(iii) Tertiary - Railways, roads
(c) (i) There is great demand for cotton especially in the south which is a
region of warm and equable climate.
The climatic conditions too are suitable e.g. humid and warm climate
and the black soil. The alluvial soil in the north is also suitable.
(ii) India's production of finer varieties of cotton is inadequate for her
needs. Being an agricultural product, in years of drought there will be
fluctuations in quantity and price.
(d) (i) Kolkata has a humid climate, soft water from the river Hughli. It has
sufficient power supply because it is near the Jharia and Raniganj
coalfields. It has abundant capital and cheap labour.
(ii) Karnataka has a favourable climate for rearing silkworms. The mulberry
is raised as a bush plantation
(iii) The areas producing sugarcane are far away from the factories. This
implies transport which increases the cost. Besides the sucrose content
decreases rapidly after 24 to 48 hours. This-lowers the quality of
sugarcane.
Question 11.
(a) Mention two reasons for the development of the petrochemical industry in
India.
[2]
(b) What is the difference between a public sector industry and one which is in
the private sector ? Give an example of an industry in each of the two
sectors.
[2]
(c) (i) How is it advantageous for a mini steel plant –
(1)
to use electric furnaces
(2)
not to be located close to the location of the raw material ?
(ii) From where does the integrated steel plant at Bhilai get its requirement
of iron and coal ?
[3]
(d) Name the following :
(i) A city in India where MIG aircraft are manufactured.
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(ii) A centre where railway coaches are manufactured.
(iii) The foreign collaborator of the iron and steel plant at Durgapur.
[3]
Answer 11.
(a) The raw materials for the petrochemicals industry are cheaper. They are
easily available and not dependent on the traditional raw materials like,
metal, wood or agricultural products.Public sector industries are owned and
(b) controlled by the Central or State Governments e.g. iron and steel, aircraft,
petroleum refineries.
Private sector industries are owned and managed by private industrialists as
joint stock companies or proprietary concerns e.g. cement, paper, textiles.
(c) (i) (1)
Mini steel plants are small size steel plants having less
production capacity of one lakh metric tonnes or less. They are
also meant to produce liquid steel used for ingots, billets. They
therefore, do not require big furnaces as in the blast furnace.
(2)
They use scrap iron (iron that is left after the steel is
manufactured). There is no need for them to be located near the
location of the raw material. The government is going in for
more such plants in various parts of the country which would
help in meeting the steel requirements and bring about a more
balanced growth.
(ii) The Bhilai steel plant gets iron ore from the Dhallirajhara mines in Durg
district. The Korba coalfields in Madhya Pradesh supply coal. Better
quality coal is obtained from Raniganj and Jharia coalfields.
(d) (i) Nasik
(ii) Perambur
(iii) British Company
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