Chapter 8, Section 3
The Coming of War
Violations of ____________
 Trading overseas was profitable but very risky for American merchants
 Ships had to travel vast distances often through violent storms
 Risk of capture by pirates from the Barbary States of North Africa in the Mediterranean
 USS Constitution
 Large United States warship sent to end Barbary ____________attacks
Violations of Neutrality
 France and Great Britain go to war in 1803
 Each side wants to stop the United States from supplying the ____________with goods
 Each government designed laws to prevent American merchants from trading with the other
 British and French navies captured American ____________ships searching for war supplies
Violations of Neutrality
 Great Britain began searching American ships for British sailors who had run away from the British
navy
 Sometimes American sailors were captured by mistake and forced to fight in the British navy
 ____________
 Attack on the Chesapeake
 British ship Leopard stopped the United States ship Chesapeake and tried to remove sailors
 The American captain of the Chesapeake refused
 British took the sailors by force
The Embargo Act
 Americans were unsure of how to react to Great Britain’s violation of United States’s neutrality
 Some called for war while others favored an ____________
 Banning of trade
 Embargo Act
 Banned all trade with other countries
 American ships could not sail to foreign ports
 American ports were closed to British ships
The Embargo Act
 The effect of the law was devastating to American ____________
 Northern states hit especially hard
 The embargo damaged President Thomas Jefferson’s ____________
 Strengthened the ____________party
 Angry merchants petitioned Jefferson to repeal the embargo
 The Embargo had very little effect on Great Britain or France
Non-Intercourse Act
 Banned trade only with Britain, France, and their colonies
 Stated that America would resume trading with the first side that stopping violating US Neutrality
 No more successful than the embargo act
Conflict in the West
 Disagreements between Great Britain and the United States went beyond the shenanigans on the high
seas
 On the western frontier, British and Native Americans clashed with American settlers over land
The Conflict Over Land
 In the early 1800’s, Native Americans in the old ________________________continued to lost their
land as thousands of settlers poured into the region
 United States gained this land in the Treaty of ____________, but Native American leaders who did
not agree to the treaty protested the settler’s arrival
 Frustrated Native American groups considered what to do next
 Britain saw an opportunity to slow American westward expansion
 British agents supplied Native Americans with arms
____________Resists U.S. Settlers
 ____________Shawnee Chief
 Brilliant Speaker
 Warned other Native Americans about the dangers of settlers
 Promoted unification of Native American peoples to resist settlers
The Battle of Tippecanoe
 ____________________________________



Governor of ____________Territory
Alarmed with Tecumseh’s activities
Was convinced that Tecumseh had British backing
 William Henry Harrison and Tecumseh met face to face in 1810
 Harrison insisted that Tecumseh follow the Treaty of Greenville
 Tecumseh argued that the white settlers had no rights to Native American lands
 Harrison warned Tecumseh not to resist the power of the United States
The Battle of Tippecanoe
 Tecumseh journeyed south seeking the support of the Creek nation
 During his absence, William Henry Harrison attacked
 Battle of Tippecanoe
 Native Americans launched an attack on Harrison’s camp on November 7, 1811
 After an all day battle, Harrison’s soldiers forced the Native Americans to retreat and then destroyed
Tecumseh’s village
 The Native American defeat destroyed Tecumseh’s dream of a great Native American confederation
 Tecumseh fled to Canada
Tecumseh’s Curse
 Legend has it that after his defeat at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, Tecumseh placed a curse on the
United States that every president elected in a year ending in “0” would perish in office
 This curse came true when William Henry Harrison died in office in 1841 (elected in 1840) of
pneumonia (also the nation’s shortest presidency)
 From this point forward, every president elected in a year ending in “0”died in office, terminating with
________________________ (elected in 1980), who survived an assassination attempt
Call For War
 Evidence of British support to Native Americans angered Americans
 Many felt that Great Britain encouraged Tecumseh’s actions in the west
The War Hawks
 ________________________
 Young members of Congress who took the lead in calling for war against Britain
 Given the nickname by their political opponents
 Many from the South and the West
 Henry ____________ (of Kentucky)
 John C. ____________ (of South Carolina)
 Felix Grundy (of Tennessee)
 Calls for war increased
 Leaders wanted to put a stop to British influence among Native Americans
 Wanted to invade Canada and obtain more land for settlement
 Others angered by British trade restrictions
The Opposition
 New England Federalists were the strongest opponents to the war
 Business people and merchants there wanted to renew friendly business ties with Great Britain for
economic purposes
 Others argued that a war against Great Britain would be ____________
 United States not yet ready
 Small army and navy
 Inability to mass produce military supplies
Declaring War
 James Madison (father of the Bill of Rights) was elected President in 1808
 In 1812, he decided that Congress must vote on the war
 War Hawks won in Congress
 War was declared against Great Britain (and for the first time ever in the nation)
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