B.Sc. in Environmental Science
Course Listing
Existing Course
On-line Section?
Yes
No
Course Name:
Microbiology
Course Number:
BIOL 241
Pre-Requisite(s):
BIOL 101
Course Category:
CORE Compulsory
Semester Offered:
Spring
First Year Taught:
2010
Year in 4-year Syllabus:
Second
Credit Hours:
3
Laboratory?
Yes
BIOL 102
No
Department:
Biological and Environmental Sciences
College:
Arts and Sciences
Instructor (Name):
Dr. Roda Fahad Al-Thani
Rank:
Associate Professor
Short Catalog Listing:
The course provides an overview of the aspects of history and classification of
microorganisms( Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Viruses). Functional anatomy of
Prokaryotes. Microbial growth, metabolism, and genetics. Medical,
Detailed Course Outline:
A. Major areas to be covered in lectures are:
1) Introduction and brief history of microbiology.
2) Functional anatomy of prokaryotic (Bacteria) cell.
3) Microbial metabolism.
4) Microbial growth.
Course Objectives and Learning Outcomes:
Students must be able to:
1)Understand the structure and function of microorganisms.
2) Know the classification of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic microorganisms.
3) Recognize the basis for microbial growth, metabolism, and genetics.
4) Comprehend principles of medical, environmental, and industrial microbiology.
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
Assessment of Student Progress and Performance:
1. A pre-test and post-test instrument to determine the extent of student
improvement during the semester.
2. In the following categories:
First Exam.
15%
Second Exam. 15%
Final Exam.
35%
Example Test Questions:
Qatar University
Biological sciences Dept.
First Exam
(15 points)
Microbiology
1062241
9-4-2006
B
Dr. Roda F. AL-Thani
Name:
1- Put (√) in front of the True sentence and (x) in the False
sentence.
( ) 1- The Cyanobacteria survive without the cell membrane.
(
) 2- Peptidoglycan is a component of the bacterial cytoplasm.
(
) 3- Bacteria lack mitochondria in the cell cytoplasm.
(
) 4- The generation time is the same for all bacterial species.
(
) 5- Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ primarily with regard to the absence or presence
of a cell wall.
(
) 6-Carbon dioxide is fixed into organic compounds by photoautotrophs and
chemoautotrophs , these organic compounds provide nutrients for chemoheterotrophs.
(
) 7-Almost all of extreme thermophiles are archaebacteria.
(
) 8- Koch's use of a pure culture ensured that only one type of bacterium was
involved in the cause of disease.
(
) 9- All microorganisms are pathogenic.
(
) 10- Enzymes are biological catalysts.
(
) 11- If a substance is oxidized, it gains electrons.
(
) 12- The two major components of the bacterial cell membrane are lipid and
carbohydrate.
(
) 13- Gram- positive bacteria are those that retain the crystal violet-iodine complex
when a decolorizing agent is added, appearing blue-purple at the conclusion of the
procedure.
( ) 14- Protista are prokaryotes.
( ) 15- In a complex growth medium, the identity and quantity of each component is
known, but in a synthetic medium they are unknown.
( ) 16- Metabolism is common to all eukaryotic organisms only.
( )17-In oxidation-reduction reactions, energy is derived from the transfer of electrons.
( )18-In a nomenclature systems designed by Carolus Linnaeus (1735), each living
organism is assigned two names.
(
)19-Chemoautotrophs use inorganic compounds as their energy sources and carbon
dioxide as their carbon source.
(
)20-Louis Pasteur demonstrated that microorganisms are in the air everywhere and
offered proof of biogenesis (1861).
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
2. Multiple Choice
1-Koch’s postulates provided guidelines for
a)
relating certain microorganisms with certain diseases.
b)
sterilizing laboratory supplies.
c)
preparing pure cultures.
d)
testing the sensitivity of microbes to antibiotics.
2-The bacillus, coccus, and spirillum shapes are typical of the
a)
fungi.
b)
bacteria.
c)
viruses.
d)
protista.
3-Penicillin was discovered by
a)
Waksman.
b)
Domagk.
c)
Fleming.
d)
Ehrlich.
4-In the log phase of growth
a)
the death rate is equivalent to the reproductive rate.
b)
spore formation is a common event.
c)
the number of cells in the population increases rapidly.
d)
the growth curve is at a plateau.
5-An acidophile would grow best at a pH of
a)
2.
b)
6.
c)
9.
d)
12.
6-An organism having pili has the advantage over one that lacks pili because
a)
it can move actively.
b)
it can obtain nutrients from beef broth.
c)
it can be stained easily.
d)
it can attach to specific surfaces.
7-Facultative bacteria are those that
a)
grow on natural and synthetic media.
b)
produce spores or capsules, but not both.
c)
grow in the presence or absence of oxygen.
d)
posses cell membranes but no cell walls.
8-Monotrichous and peritrichous bacteria differ in
a)
their nutritional requirements.
b)
layers of the cell wall.
c)
spores formed per cell.
d)
number and position of flagella.
9-A selective medium is one that
a)
allows one type of bacterium to grow while inhibiting another type.
b)
permits bacterial rods to grow while inhibiting cocci.
c)
contains nutrients on which only bacteria can grow.
d)
distinguishes colonies of one type of bacterium from those of another type.
10-Which one of the following is not a variation of cocci arrangement?
a)
Spirococcus
b)
Sarcina
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
c)
Diplococcus
d)
Streptococcus
11-A mesophilic bacterium could
a)
reproduce at 37° C
b)
produce human disease.
c)
grow at human body temperature.
d)
All the above (a-c) are correct.
12-The process by which bacteria reproduce is known as
a)
meiosis.
b)
splitting.
c)
mitosis.
d)
binary fission.
13-Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is found in the
a)
gram-negative outer membrane.
b)
gram-positive cell wall.
c)
periplasmic space.
d)
inclusion granules.
14-Small molecules of DNA that exist in bacteria as independent circular units are known as
a)
chromosomes.
b)
nucleoids.
c)
plasmids.
d)
nucleoli.
15-Spherical organisms arranged in irregular groups of cells that resemble bunches of
grapes are referred to as
a)
staphylococci.
b)
streptococci.
c)
sarcinae.
d)
cocci.
16-Enzymes play an important role in biological chemistry because they
a)
break down to release metal ions.
b)
lower the amount of activation energy required for a reaction.
c)
raise the ionic strength of a water solution.
d)
retain the pH at the neutral level preferred by most microorganisms.
17-ATP releases its energy by
a)
activating its protons to form ions.
b)
absorbing heat from the environment.
c)
combining with other ATP molecules.
d)
splitting into a phosphate and ADP.
18-Fermentation differs from aerobic respiration because
a)
fermentation does not require that glucose be present.
b)
fermentation does not result in a net ATP gain.
c)
fermentation does not result in pyruvic acid production.
d)
fermentation does not require that oxygen be present.
19- Inorganic ions that compose parts of enzymes are referred to as
a)
cytochromes.
b)
substrates.
c)
cofactors.
d)
intermediates.
20-Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
a)
True nucleus
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
b)
They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
c)
Cell division by mitosis
d)
Ribosomes are larger size and smaller size
21-You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume
this cell has
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Mitochondria
c)
A Golgi complex
d)
All of the above
22-In aerobic respiration:
a)
O2 functions as the final electron acceptor.
b)
Organic compound functions as the final electron acceptor.
c)
Inorganic compound functions as the final electron acceptor.
3. Fill in the following blanks
1-In______________Life forms arise from nonliving matter.
2-______________Population of a single species without other species present.
3- _____________Procedure to cultivate microorganisms as individual species.
4-The indirect methods of microbial growth are
1_________________,2_________________,and 3_____________________
5-_______________are sometimes called fimbriae.
6-________________ refers to chemical reaction that results in the breakdown of complex
molecules and usually release energy.
7- _________________are oxygenic phototrophs bacteria.
8-_________________is the most common pathway for the oxidation of glucose and
pyruvic acid is the end product.
5-Lable the following numbers.
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
With Best of Luck
Qatar University
Biological sciences Dept.
General Microbiology
Final Exam
( 2h. 35 points)
2-1-2006
Dr. Roda F. AL-Thani
Name:
322241
1. Multiple Choices
1-Which of the following is the dominant type of immunoglobular protein
A-IgG
B-IgM
C-IgA
D-IgE
2-Prokaryotic organisms are classified into two domains
A-Archaea and Eukarya
B-Bacteria and Eukarya
C-Eukarya and Prokarya
D-Archaea and Bacteria
3-Which of the following is not true about scientific nomenclature?
A-Each name is specific and consist of a genus and specific epithet
B-The names are standardized
C-It was first designed by Linnaeus
D-Names vary with geographical location
4-Bacterial species are differentiated by
A-Morphology and source of energy
B-Chemical composition and biochemical activities
C-Nutritional requirements
D-All of the above
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
5-A group of bacteria derived from a single cell is called strain and closely related strains
constitute a bacterial
A-Genera
B-Families
C-Orders
D-Species
6- are infectious pieces of RNA that cause some plant diseases
A-Prions
B-Oncogenic viruses
C-Viroids
D-virion
7-A base substititution occurs when
A-One base pair in DNA is replaced with a different base pair
B-One or a few base pairs are deleted from DNA
C-More than one base pairs in DNA is replaced with a different base pairs
D-One or a few base pairs are added to DNA
8- is the study of the transmission, incidence, and frequency of disease
A-Pathology
B-Immunology
C-Epidemiology
D-Phycology
9-Most bacteria are
in diameter and
in length
A-0.2-2.0μm , 2-8μm
B-0.9-9.0μm , 20-80μm
C-0.02-0.2μm , 0.2-2.0μm
D-Non of the above
10-The percentage of
base pairs in the nucleic acid of cells can be used in the
classification of organisms
A-G + C
B-A + T
C-T + C
D-A + G
11-may be classified on the basis of morphology as crustose, foliose , or fruticose
A-Bacteria
B-Fungi
C-Lichens
D-Algae
12-Information contained in the DNA is
A-Transcribed into RNA and translated into proteins
B-Transcribed into DNA and translated into RNA
C-Transcribed into DNA and translated into proteins
D-Translated into proteins and transcribed into DNA
13-The main material of fungal cell walls is
A-Chitin
B-Glucan and mannan
C-Glycocalyx
D-Peptidoglycan
14-Most bacteria grow best at a pH value between
A-6.5 and 7.5
B-2.5 and 3.5
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C-5.5 and 10
D-1 and 7
15-Extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles, and methanogens are included in the
A-Archaea
B-Bacteria
C-Eukarya
D-All of the above
16-are unicellular and have pectin and silica cell walls; some produce neurotoxin
A-Green algae
B-Red algae
C-Brown algae
D-Diatoms
17- is the genetic composition of an organisms , its entire complement of DNA
A-Phenotype
B-Genomics
C-Genetic engineering
D-Genotype
18-Members of the phylum are gram-negative and nitrogen-fixing bacteria
A- α Proteobacteria
B- β Proteobacteria
C- γ Proteobacteria
D- δ Proteobacteria
19-Prokaryotic relation ships are determined by
A-rRNA sequencing
B-DNA sequencing
C-mRNA sequencing
D-tRNA sequencing
20-In the presence of certain chemicals , cells synthesis more enzymes. This process is
called
A-Induction
B-Repression
C-Mutation
D-Translation
21- mycoses are fungal infections deep within the body that affect many tissues and organs
A-Systemic
B-Subcutaneous
C-Cutaneous
D-Superficial
22-The utilization of nitrogen gas as a source of nitrogen is called
A- Nitrogen fixation
B- Nitrogen reduction
C-Nitrogen oxidation
D-Nitrogen assimilation
23-The first step of dissimilative nitrate reduction involves
A-Nitrate reductase
B-Nitrite reductase
C-Nitrate oxidase
D-Nitrite oxidase
24-In waste water treatment, primary treatment consists of
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
A-Physical separations only
B-Chemical separations only
C-Biological separations only
D-All of the above
25-In nonspecific resistance, which of these is the second line of defense
A-Phagocytic white blood cells
B-Antibodies
C-Intact skin
D-Normal micro biota
26-Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
A-True nucleus
B-They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan
C-Cell division by mitosis
D-Ribosomes are larger size and smaller size
27-You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can assume
this cell has
A-Ribosomes
B-Mitochondria
C-A Golgi complex
D-All of the above
28-Species of Bacillus and Streptomyces have significance in industry as
A-Producers of steroid products.
B-Starter cultures in the fermentation of distilled spirits.
C-Producers of antibiotics.
D-Starter cultures for yogurt production.
29-Escherichia coli is a good indicator of water pollution because this bacterium
A-Grows only in high-salt environments.
B-Is commonly found in the human intestine.
C-Is resistant to most antibiotics.
D-Undergoes recombinations readily.
30-The primary decomposers of dead organic matter are microorganisms such as
A-Protozoal cysts and hepatitis A viruses.
B-Multicellular parasites and rickettsiae.
C-Chlamydiae and viroids.
D-Bacteria and fungi.
31-The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is a measure of the
A-Amount of biological pollution in water.
B-Degree of chemical pollution in water.
C-Number of hepatitis viruses in underground springs.
D-Effectiveness of fluoridation in the preparation of drinking water.
32-The high protein content of legume plants may be related to
A-The presence of sulfur-reducing bacteria in the stems of the plants.
B-The rapid conversion of carbohydrates to proteins after picking.
C-The activity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules.
D-Photosynthesis taking place in the leaves.
33-The cyclic transformation of sulfur is important because sulfur is an essential
component of
A-Steroids such as cholesterol.
B-Nucleic acids such as DNA.
C-Enzymes such as phosphatase.
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
D-Amino acids such as cystine.
34-Which one of the following is the correct sequence used in the purification of water?
A-Sedimentation – chlorination – filtration.
B-Flocculation – filtration – chlorination.
C-Sedimentation – flocculation – chlorination.
D-Chlorination – flocculation – filtration.
35-Legumes develop symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria belonging to the
genus
A-Nitrosomonas.
B-Nitrobacter.
C-Rhizobium.
D-Azotobacter.
36-Which one of the following is not a free-living species involved in nitrogen fixation?
A-Bacillus
B-Rhizobium
C-Azotobacter
D-Pseudomonas
2. True or False
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
) 1- Transient microbiota are microbes that are present for various periods and then
disappear.
) 2- Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
) 3- During the log phase, the bacteria multiply at the faster rate possible under the
conditions provided.
) 4- Lichens are used for their pigments and as air quality indicators.
) 5- Fatty acid profiles can be used to identify some organisms.
) 6- Transposons are small segments of DNA that can move from one region to
another region of the same chromosome.
) 7- Pleomorphic bacteria can assume several shapes.
) 8- Purple and green photosynthetic bacteria are photoautotrophs that use light energy
and CO2 and do not produce O2.
) 9- The cell walls of many algae and some fungi contain cellulose.
) 10- Basidiomycota have septate hyphae and produce basidiospores.
) 11- A nosocomial infection is any infection that is acquired during stay in any health
facility.
) 12- Mesosomes, irregular infoldings of the plasma membrane, are artifacts, not true
cell structures.
) 13- Any bacterial genes can be transferred by transduction.
) 14- An indirect way of estimating bacterial numbers is measuring the metabolic
activity of the population.
) 15- Living organisms are currently classified into five domains.
) 16- All phyla of gram-negative bacteria are related phylogenetically to the
proteobacteria
) 17- Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophs that use light energy and O2 and do produce
CO2.
) 18- Algae are classified according to their structures only.
) 19- The protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid of a virus is called the envelope.
) 20- Opportunistic pathogens cause disease under normal conditions.
) 21- Staphylococus aureus and Clostridium are producing endotoxins
) 22- The ability to ward off disease through body defenses is called resistant
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
(
) 23- Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is used by autotrophic bacteria, the sulfur is oxidized
to form S or SO2-4 .
( ) 24- Sludge digestors work because microorganisms are present.
( ) 25- The polysaccharide capsule of Streptococcus pneumoniae prevents phagocytosis
by the host’s immune system.
( ) 26- Inflammation is characterized by redness, pain, heat, swelling and some time the
loss of function.
( ) 27- The cyclic transformation of nitrogen is important because nitrogen is an essential
component of nucleic acids and amino acids.
( ) 28- Symbiotic fungi called mycorrhizae live in and on plant roots.
3. Fill in the following blanks
1-_________________ is the scientific study of disease and the effects of disease.
2-_________________ is the scientific study of fungi.
4-The use of microorganisms to remove pollutants is called _________________.
5-Elements are _______________ and ______________ by microorganisms during
biogeochemical cycles.
6-Microorganisms play role in food production for example in_____________,________,
_____________and____________) and in industrial products for example (___________
and _____________).
7-The three basic bacterial shapes are _____________,______________ and
_______________.
8-______________are self-replicating circular molecules of DNA carrying genes those are
not usually essential for the cell’s survival
9-_____________and__________________are types of vaccines
10-____________________is the science of the classification of organisms also provides a
means of identification organisms.
11-__________________are antiviral proteins produced in response to viral infection.
12-__________________is the movement of water from areas of high to low concentration
across a selectively semipermeable membrane until equilibrium is reached.
13-__________________is the time required for a cell to divide or population to double.
14-__________________is a chemical substance that cause the body to produce specific
antibodies.
15-Direct measurement of microbial growth are:
123416-The most important phyla of fungi are:
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
13-
24-
17-The portals of entry for microorganisms to the body are:
123418-The first lines of defense are:
123-
4-Matching
A-Match each term with its correct characteristic.
(
(
(
(
(
(
)Bacteria
)Archaea
)Fungi
)Algae
)Viruses
)Mycoplasma
(1)is a bacteria genus that naturally lacks cell walls.
(2)are not placed in a kingdom.
(3)are eukaryotic; most are phoyoautotrophs.
(4)are aerobic or faculatively araerobic chemoheterotrophs.
(5)have pseudomourein, they lack peptidoglycan.
(6)unicellular, and most of them multiply by binary fission.
B-In bacterial cell, match the structures to their functions
____ Cell wall
____ Endospore
____ Fimbriae
____ Flagella
____ Glycocalyx
____ Pili
____ Plasma membrane
____ Ribosomes
abcdefghi-
attachment to surfaces
cell wall formation
motility
protection form osmotic lysis
protection from phagocytes
resting
protein synthesis
selective permeability
transfer genetic material
C-Nitrogen Cycle
Process
Chemical reaction
Microorganisms
( , )Ammonification
(1)N2-------------Ammonia (NH3)
( , )Nitrification
(2)NO3-----------N2
( , )Denitrification
(3)NH4----------- NO2
NO2-------------NO3
(4)Amino acids ------- Ammonia (NH3)
(a)Aerobic and anaerobic
bacteria
(b)Nitrosomonas
Nitrobacter
(c)Pseudomonas
( , )Nitrogen fixation
(d)Rhizobium
D-Match the disease with the causative agent and the infected system.
( , )Gonorrhea
( , )Aflatoxin poisoning
( , )Tuberculosis
(1)Maycobacterium tuberculosis
(2)Bacillus anthracis.
(3)Nisseria gonorrhoeae
(a)Nervous
(b)Respiratory
(c)Digestive
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
( , )Leprosy
( , )Anthrax
(4)Aspergillus flavus
(5)Mycobacterium leprae
Quiz 1
1-Label the following numbers.
2- Fill in the following blanks
1-________________ refers to chemical reaction that results in the breakdown of
complex molecules and usually release energy.
2-_________________are oxygenic phototrophs bacteria.
3-_________________is the most common pathway for the oxidation of glucose
and pyruvic acid is the end product.
3-Multiple Choice
1- In fermentation process:
A-Energy releases from sugars or other organic molecules by oxidation.
B- Energy releases from sugars or other organic molecules by reduction.
C- Energy releases from inorganic molecules by oxidation.
2- In anaerobic respiration:
A-O2 functions as the final electron acceptor.
B-Organic compound functions as the final electron acceptor.
C-Inorganic compound functions as the final electron acceptor.
3- The end products for Saccharomyces in pyruvic acid fermentation are:
A-Propionic acid, acetic acid, CO2 and H2.
B-Propionic acid and lactic acid.
C-Ethanol and CO2.
(d)Lymphatic
(e)Reproductive
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
Examples of Assessment of Student Performance:
1. In relation to program objectives
2. In relation to the following specific categories:
A. Reading
example 1
example 2 etc.
B. Writing
Scoring Guide and Criteria:
Excellent (90 to 100%)
. example 1 - well written, grammatically correct, flawless report
. example 2 - master's operation of laboratory analytical equipment
Examples of Feedback to Students:
For example: past exams, sample questions, summary of grades etc
Resources:
Textbooks:Microbiology an introduction 9th.ed. Tortora, Funke, and Case, 2007,
Benjamin Cummings.
Brock biology of microorganisms . Madigan, Martinko, and Parker 9th ed. 2000.
Webpages: www.microbiologyplace.com
Access for Special Needs Students:
Students should bring any special needs to the attention of the instructor at the first
day of class. Faculty are aware of the process for dealing with these needs (see
email circulated November 2007 below).
Broadcast Email
Student Guide for Successful Completion of this Course:
1) Come to class every time it meets; and become recognized by the instructor (for
all of the correct reasons).
2) Come to class prepared to listen, write, engage, ask questions, and learn –
sitting in a lecture hall and taking notes is part of the learning process.
3) Do not come late for class – it is disruptive and shows a lack of respect; you
also miss content.
B.Sc. in Environmental Science
Honor Code:
Academic Misconduct:
Submitting plagiarized (stolen) work to meet academic requirements including the
representation of another’s work or ideas as one’s own; the unacknowledged word
for word use of another person’s ideas; wholesale "cutting and pasting" of
material; falsification of documents; inducing others to participate in misconduct;
Program Objectives/Outcomes Addressed in this Course: Indicate all that
apply (the objectives and outcomes are provided in the instructions file).
Objective 1
a
b
c
d
e
f
Objective 2
a
b
c
Objective 3
a
b
c
d
e
f
Objective 4
a
b
c
d