TREATIES
Peace of Augsburg 1555 Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis 1559 – ended Habsburg-Valois Wars
Peace of St.-Germain-en-Laye – 1570 – French monarchy recognized power of the
Huguenot nobles – granted religious freedoms within their territories and were able to
fortify their towns
Peace of Beaulieu 1576 – granted Huguenots almost complete religious freedom
Twelve Years’ Truce – the Netherlands given de facto independence from Spain –
recognized as independent by France and England
Treaty of Westphalia – 1648 – ended Thirty Years’ War
***written in French not Latin
Rescinded Edict of Restitution and reinstated the principles of the Peace of
Augsburg
Calvinism given legal recognition
Independence of the Swiss Confederacy recognized
Independence of the United Provinces of the Netherlands formally recognized
Bavaria raised to elector status
Brandenburg-Prussia raised in prominence
France and Sweden named guarantors of the treaty
Perpetuated political divisions within Germany
Treaty of the Pyrenees 1659 – ended the war between France and Spain that began with
the Thirty Years’ War – pledge the marriage of the future Louis XIV with his cousin the
Spanish Infanta
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1668 – ended Louis XIV’s War of Devolution – France
received land in the Spanish Netherlands
Treaty of Dover 1670 – England and France allies against the Dutch – secret religious
provisions – Charles II and Louis XIV
Treaty of Nimjwegen 1678-1679 – ended Louis XIV’s war against the Netherlands –
France received Franche-Comte along the French/German border
Treaty of Ryswick 1697 – ended the Nine Years’ War between France and the League of
Augsburg – secured the Dutch borders – gave France Alsace but stopped French intrusion
into Germany – Anglo/French battles in North America
Treaty of Utrecht 1713 – ended the War of the Spanish Succession between France and
Great Britain
Treaty of Rastatt – ended the War of the Spanish Succession between France, HRE, and
Holland
***Great Britain given Gibraltar
France recognized the House of Hanover
Philip V recognized as king of Spain
No unification of the thrones of Spain and France
The Spanish Netherlands given to Austria
Asiento
Peace of Nystadt/Nystad 1721 – ended the Great Northern War of Peter the Great – gave
Russia greater access to the Baltic
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748 – ended the stalemate of the War of the Austrian
Succession – Prussia retained Silesia and Spain renewed the British Asiento
Treaty of Hubertusburg 1763 – ended the Seven Years’ War in Europe
Treaty of Paris 1763 – ended the Seven Years’ War outside Europe
Great Britain given Canada and French lands east of the Mississippi River
British trade dominant in India
Treaty of Basel 1795 – the French Convention ended war with Prussia and Spain
Treaty of Campo Formio – 1797 – Napoleon’s treaty with Austria
Treaty of Tilsit 1807 – Prussia openly and Russia secretly became allies of Napoleon
Treaty of Chaumont 1814 – treaty among Napoleon’s enemies to restore the Bourbon
monarchy and the borders of 1792
Treaty of Adrianople 1829
Treaty of London 1830 - led to Greek independence
The Convention of 1839 – Britain guarantees the neutrality of Belgium
Treaty of Frankfurt 1871 – ended the Franco-Prussian War – gave Alsace-Lorraine to
Germany
1873 – Three Emperors’ League
1879 – Dual Alliance
1882 – Italy joined the Triple Alliance
1894 – Franco-Russian Alliance
1902 – British alliance with Japan
1904 – Entente Cordiale
1917 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
1919 – Treaty of Versailles
Mandates from the Ottoman Empire
New nations
League of Nations
World Court
Reparations
Italia Irredenta
War guilt clause – Clause 231
Locarno Agreements – 1925 – European attempts to maintain peace and arbitration
concerning issues that developed among the new European nations
1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact – outlawed war as an instrument of national policy
Stalin-Hitler Non-Aggression Pact – Molotov – von Ribbentrop 1938
****secret division of Poland and Soviet seizure of the Baltic states
1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
1955 – Warsaw Pact
1963 – Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
1972 – SALT
1957 – Treaty of Rome – Coal and Steel Community becomes the European Economic
Community
1991 – Treaty of Maastrict – unified Euro currency
1993 – renamed European Union