Physical Science
Review Packet
Name:
Ch 2:
Define the following terms:
1) distance total length of a trip
2) displacement shortest distance between 2 points
3) velocity displacement per time
4) speed distance per time
5) vector quantity shows magnitude and direction
6) What reason did Aristotle give for why some objects fall faster than others?
Heavier objects fall faster
7) What reason did Aristotle give for why horizontally moving objects slowed down?
They were returning to their original position
8) What reason did Galileo give for why horizontally moving object slowed down?
An outside force slows them down, example friction
9) I run 4 laps around a 400m track.
What is my distance traveled? ___1600m___
What is my displacement? __0m_____
40m
A
B
60m
C
100m
30m
D
A car travels a path through points A, B, C, and stops at D.
10) What is the displacement of the car? __100m_____
11) What is the distance traveled by the car? __130m_____
12) You are in an elevator and it starts to move upward. Do you feel heavier, lighter, or, nothing changes?
distance (m)
distance vs time
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time (t)
Use the graph to answer the following:
13) What is the displacement? ______50m_____
14) What is the distance? ____260m______
15) What is the average speed for the trip? ___26m/s_______
16) What is the average velocity for the trip? __5m/s______
17) What is the speed between 3 and 5 seconds? ____72.5m/s______
18) How long is he standing still? ____2s____
19) What time interval is he moving the fastest? ___4 to 5s______
20) What time interval is he moving the slowest? ____0 to 1s____
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21) When an object is at rest and at equilibrium what is the sum of all the forces equal to? __0______
22)If I push against a box with 40N of force and it doesn’t move what must the force of friction be equal to?
40N
23) In what direction does the friction force push? ___opposite____
24) Define Newton’s first law:
25) If the earth will suddenly stop spinning on its axis what would everything that wasn’t fastened to the earth
do? Fly off
26) A 100N person is suspended by 4 ropes. What is the tension in one of the ropes? 25N
27) A 100N person and a 40N person are suspended by two ropes. If one of the ropes has 20N of tension in it
what is the tension in the other rope? 120N
28) You are riding in a bus at 30m/s and you flip a coin straight up in front of you A)true or B) false: The coin
hits you in the face.
29) You are in an elevator and it starts to move upward. How do you feel?
30) If a ball roles down a one-meter hill, rolls horizontally for 50 more meters, and then rolls up another hill
how far up the hill will it go? (Ignore friction) 1m
31) What is the equation for displacement? Final – initial position
32) What is the equation for speed? Distance/time
33) What is the equation for velocity? Displacement/time
Ch 5:
1) Define acceleration in words. Rate at which velocity changes or a change in direction
2) What is the equation for acceleration? Change in velocity/ time
3) Define Deceleration acceleration in the opposite direction of the velocity
4) What is Newton’s 2nd law?
5) Newton’s 2nd law says that acceleration is related how to mass? inversely
6) Newton’s 2nd law says that acceleration is related how to force? Directly
7) If an object is in freefall it accelerates at what rate? 9.8m/s2
8) What is the net force of a 1000 N anvil when you hold it at rest above your head? 0N
9) What is the net force of a 1000 N anvil when you let go of it? 1000N
10) Weight depends on what 2 factors? Mass and gravity
velocity (m/s)
velocity vs time
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75
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65
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time (s)
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Use the graph to answer the following questions.
11) What is the fastest acceleration? 4 to 5s
12) What is the slowest acceleration? 1 to 2s
13) What time interval is the person not moving? never
14) What time interval is the person not accelerating? 6 to 8s
15) Calculate the acceleration from 4s to 5s. 75m/s2
16) Calculate the acceleration from 9s to 10s. -35m/s2
17) Is the person moving the same direction for the whole 10s?yes
CH 6: Newton’s 3rd law
1) Write out Newton’s 3rd law?
2) True or False: Newton’s 3rd law forces cancel out.
3) When you push against a wall what also happens? (According to Newton’s 3rd law)
4) True or False: Forces only come in singles.
5) If a ball hits a bat with 100N of force with how much force does the bat hit the ball? 100N
6) In number 5 which object accelerates more?
ball
7) Why does that object accelerate more?
It has less mass
8) In number 5 do both objects accelerate in the same direction? no
10) Why or why not for number 8? The bat slows down after it hits the ball
11) When you push against a wall in this classroom what force does the wall act against to cause you to move?
friction
12) When a ball falls towards the ground which acceleration can you see?
The ball’s acceleration
13) Which acceleration can’t you see? The earth’s
14) Why can’t you see that acceleration? Too massive
15) In the horse/cart problem why is it useless for the horse to pull on the cart to get the cart to move?
Because the cart pulls back on the horse. The horse must push on the ground to accelerate the cart.
Ch 7: Momentum
1) What are the proper units of momentum? Kgm/s
2) What are the proper units for impulse? Kgm/s
3) Define Momentum measure of mass(inertia) in motion
4) Define Impulse change in momentum
5) I drop a 4kg ball onto cement and it comes to rest. I drop the same ball into water and it comes to rest, which
has a greater impulse? Ball on cement
6) From question 5 which comes to rest faster? Ball on cement
7) From question 5 which experiences a greater force? Ball on cement
8) What is the equation for momentum? P=mv
9) What is the equation for impulse? Impulse = Ft= mv2-mv1
10) Which has a greater momentum a 500kg truck moving at 6m/s or a 20kg ball moving at 150m/s?
truck
11) If you want to decrease the force of a car crash what would you do?
Increase the time of the crash
12) If you want to shoot a cannon ball farther you would do what?
Have a longer cannon and put the most gunpowder in for the most force
13) If a karate person wants to maximize there board breaking potential what should they do?
Decrease the time of the hit
14) What is conserved during a collision? momentum
15) Define elastic collision
16) Define inelastic collision
17) How much force is needed to stop a 1000kg train moving at 330m/s in .001s?
3.3x108N
18) A 5kg ball moving at 24m/s hits a 50kg ball moving at 48m/s if the 5kg ball stops after the collision what is
the velocity of the 50kg ball?
50.4m/s
Ch 12: Gravity
1) Gravity is caused by what measurable quantity?
mass
2) The force of gravity depends on what?
Mass of both objects and the distance between them
3) If the distance between two objects is decreased what happens to the force of gravity between them?
increases
4) If the masses of two objects suddenly decrease what happens to the force of gravity between them?
decreases
5) Where is the force of gravity directed?
Towards center of object
6) Find the force of gravity between a .250kg baseball that is flying toward a catcher with a mass of 78kg when
the baseball is 5m away from the catcher.
5.2x10-11N
7) What is the mass of a planet that feels 2.0x1045N of force from a 7.3x1014kg star when the two objects are
1.4x1025m apart?
8.05x1090kg
8) Find the distance between a 2.0x1023kg planet and a 2.0x108kg space shuttle when the force between the
shuttle and the planet is 50,000N.
2.8x1013m