Hayden Gerhardt
How does the ratio of vinegar to baking soda affect bottle explosion?
Procedure Plan – Scientific Method Based Project
Data Table:
Test 1
Ratio of Vinegar to Baking Soda
Test 2
Test 3
Average
50V: 50B
75V: 25B
25V: 75b
V=vinegar B=baking soda
Bibliography:
Annotated Bibliography #1
Hayden Gerhardt
October 5, 2010
Period 8/9
Source:
Apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com. (2004-2010). Describing the Chemical Reaction
between Baking Soda and Vinegar. Retrieved September/October, 2010, from
http://www.apple-cider-vinegar-benefits.com/baking-soda-and-vinegar.html#top
Annotation:
In the article the author talks about the chemical properties of vinegar and baking
soda. The chemical formula of baking soda is Na HCO3. When it is in water it separates
into sodium (Na+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). The chemical formula of vinegar is 5%
solution of acetic acid in water, when mixed with water it separates to hydrogen (H+) and
acetate ions CH3000- (aq). The reaction between baking soda and vinegar are actually
two reactions, an acid based reaction followed by a decomposition reaction. When
mixed together the hydrogen ions from the vinegar react with the bicarbonate ions from
baking soda to make a new chemical called carbonic acid. The carbonic acid turns to
carbon dioxide gas and H2O. The bubbling that you see is the carbon dioxide. The full
project formula is….
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Hayden Gerhardt
How does the ratio of vinegar to baking soda affect bottle explosion?
NaHCO3 (aq) + CH3COOH (aq) ----> CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + CH3COONa (aq)
Reflection:
The article helped me learn more about my science fair topic. It helps me understand
how my experiment happens, and why. This made me want to learn more about my
science fair topic because it uses a lot of big words and symbols. This article helps me
because this relates to my science fair topic.
Annotated Bibliography # 2
Hayden Gerhardt
8/9
Source:
Gerhardt, J. M., Gerhardt, H. D., & Gerhardt, K. T. (2010, October 12). Baking soda and
Vinegar. Lecture presented at the lecture of Southwest Independent Insurance,
Lakeway, Texas.
Annotation:
In the article the author explains the directions to creating a vinegar and
baking soda bomb: You will need a 2 Liter or 3 Liter Vinegar bottle (half full),
paper of some sort (newspaper is easiest), Baking soda (enough to go right to
left on the paper). First you will need to lay the paper flat on the ground than take
the baking soda and lay it horizontal on the newspaper on one side stop the
baking soda two inches from the end of the newspaper. Then fold the newspaper
on that side so that no baking soda can fall out on that side. Leave the other side
open and open up the vinegar bottle. It should be filled halfway with vinegar.
Without tipping the baking soda into the bottle, put the opened end in the vinegar.
Get someone or just use your other hand to get the cap ready to screw on tight.
Flip the newspaper over until all the baking soda is in the bottle. Screw the cap
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Hayden Gerhardt
How does the ratio of vinegar to baking soda affect bottle explosion?
on tight and shake up. Keep squeezing the bottle to know when it’s going to
explode. Then throw it up in the air and it should explode. That’s it. I am going to
do that three times than change the amount of baking soda each time.
Annotated Bibliography # 3
Hayden Gerhardt
October 24, 2010
Period 8/9
Source:
Vinegar. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2010, from Wikimedia Foundation website:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar
Annotation:
In the article the author explains what true vinegar is. It is an acidic liquid made from the
fermentation of ethanol in a process that makes its key ingredient, acetic acid (ethanoic acid). It
comes in a diluted form. The acetic acid concentration usually ranges from four percent to eight
percent by volume for table vinegar and eighteen percent for pickling. Natural vinegars also
contain small amounts of tartaric acid, citric acid, and other acids. Vinegar has been used since
ancient times and takes an important role in European, Asian, and other cuisines. The word
"vinegar" comes from the Old French vin aigre, meaning "sour wine", which originally came
from the Latin word, "vinum aegrum" meaning, "feeble wine".
Reflection:
Commercial vinegar is produced either by fast or slow fermentation processes. Slow
methods generally are used with traditional vinegars and fermentation proceeds slowly over the
course of weeks or months.
Annotated Bibliography # 4
Hayden Gerhardt
November 5, 2010
Period 8/9
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Hayden Gerhardt
How does the ratio of vinegar to baking soda affect bottle explosion?
Source:
Wikimedia Foundation, & Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. (2010,
November 4). Sodium Bicarbonate. Retrieved November 5, 2010, from Wikimedia
Foundation website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baking_soda
Annotation:
In the article the author explains what baking soda is and the history of it. Another
name for baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. The chemical formula of baking soda is
NaHCO3. It is a white solid that is crystallized but often seems and looks like a white
powder. Baking soda has a little bit of a salty flavor to it. Baking soda is a component of
the mineral natron and found dissolved in a lot of mineral springs. The natural mineral
form, nohcolite, is found in dissolved form in bile, where it serves to destroy the acid of
the hydrochloric acid produced by the human stomach.
Ancient Egyptians used natural deposits of natron, a mixture of mostly sodium
carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The natron was used as a cleaning supply.
Reflection:
The Article helps me understand the basics of baking soda which is a big portion
of my project. It helps me understand what it is and where it came from.
Annotated Bibliography # 5
Hayden Gerhardt
November 6, 2010
Period 8/9
Source:
Cyber Chemistry. (n.d.). Vinegar = Baking Soda Explanation. Retrieved November 6,
2010, from Cyber Chemistry website:
http://library.thinkquest.org/3347/vinegar+bsoda4.html
Annotation:
The author explains the reaction of vinegar and baking soda. Acetic acid (the sour
part of vinegar) reacts with sodium bicarbonate to form carbonic acid. It's really just a
double replacement reaction. Carbonic acid is unstable and it immediately falls apart into
carbon dioxide and water. The bubbles you see from the reaction come from the carbon
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Hayden Gerhardt
How does the ratio of vinegar to baking soda affect bottle explosion?
dioxide escaping the solution that is left. Carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so it flows
almost like water when it overflows the container.
Reflection:
The Article helps me because it is explaining how my project works. It is very
useful because I can graph my data more correctly. It gives great detail about the
explanation if the reaction.
Annotated Bibliography # 6
Hayden Gerhardt
November 7, 2010
Period 8/9
Source:
J, D. (2007, September 11). Baking Soda and Vinegar: What makes the Concoction
Volcano erupt? Retrieved November 7, 2010, from Donald J website:
http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/369212/baking_soda_and_vinegar_what_make
s.html?cat=4#comments
Annotation:
In the article the author helps understand what really happens during the
experiment. So what happens? The experiment is a chemical reaction between both
vinegar and baking soda that causes the bubbles and foam. Baking Soda is just another
word for sodium bicarbonate, which its chemical formula is NaHCO3. Vinegar is acetic
acid mixed with water. Its chemical formula is CH3COOH. When baking soda and
vinegar are mixed it makes the formula, NaHCO3 + CH3COOH --} CH3COONa +
H2CO3. So why does it bubble? The H2CO3 is carbonic acid which easily breaks down
into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The carbon dioxide causes the foaming and
bubbling.
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Hayden Gerhardt
How does the ratio of vinegar to baking soda affect bottle explosion?
Reflection:
This article helps me understand why and how there will be bubbles and foaming
in my project. It will help me understand that a chemical reaction is taking place during
another chemical reaction.
Hazard chemicals, activities, and devices:
Describe risk assessment process and results. Does not apply
 Detailed chemical concentrations or drug dosages. Does not apply
 Describe safety precautions and procedures to minimize risk. Safety
goggles, Safety gloves, Padding, Adult supervision, Stay 10 ft away from
experiment.
 Describe methods of disposal. Does not apply
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