Chapter 10 Test Vocabulary
Judicial review – The power of the Supreme Court to review laws passed by Congress to
be sure they follow the Constitution.
Louisiana Purchase – Purchased from France in 1803 for $15, 000,000. It extended from
the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, from Texas to Canada. It doubled the size
of the U.S.
Impressment- the forcing of men to fight in the army or navy.
Napoleon Bonaparte – Emperor of France who sold the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.
for $15,000,000 in 1803. He dreamed of rebuilding France’s empire in North America.
Tecumseh – Shawnee Indian Chief who was a great military strategist and speaker. He
tried to organize the Indian Tribes in the Northwest Territory to join together and fight to
keep the American settlers from taking their land. He was backed by the British. He
died at the Battle of the Thames.
Zebulon Pike – A young army officer who was sent on a mission to the west to find the
source of the Red River. Pike’s Peak in the Rocky Mountains is named in his honor.
Marbury v. Madison - This Supreme Court case was decided in 1801. It gave the
Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review. This power gave the Supreme Court equal
power with the President and Congress. John Marshall was the Supreme Court Chief
Justice who presided over the Supreme Court. He was the first Supreme Court Chief
Justice
Battle of Horseshoe Bend – This battle was fought in 1814 in what is modern day
Alabama. General Andrew Jackson won a convincing victory over the Creek Indians led
by Chief Red Eagle.
Battle of New Orleans – This Battle was fought on January 8, 1815. Some 5,300 British
troops attacked Jackson’s 4,500 troops. They hoped to capture the city of New Orleans
and take control of the Mississippi River. The British suffered some 2,000 casualties
while the U.S. suffered only 70. This battle was actually fought after the War of 1812
had officially ended.
Embargo – means to ban trade.
Sacagawea - The only female member of the Lewis and Clark expedition. She was a
Shoshone Indian who assisted the expedition by acting as interpreter. She helped to
negotiate a trade with the Shoshone for much needed horses. She then showed the team a
mountain pass through the Rockies.
Toussaint-L’Ouverture- Ruler of the island of St. Domingue (modern day Haiti) who
defeated Napoleon’s forces and kept them from gaining a foothold in the Caribbean
which could be used to attack the U.S. and gain control of the Louisiana Territory.
War Hawks – Members of Congress who wanted to go to war with Britain
Treaty of Ghent- The treaty that ended the War of 1812. It was signed on December 24,
1814.
William Henry Harrison – General who won the Battle of Tippicanoe and defeated the
Shawnee Indians.
Missouri River – This river was explored by the Lewis and Clark expedition. It traveled
through the Louisiana Territory. The expedition was to find a water route to the Pacific
Ocean while exploring the new territory.
Lewis and Clark - Merriweather Lewis and William Clark led an expedition to explore
the Louisiana Territory and find a water route to the Pacific. They traveled the Missouri
River looking for a water route. They cataloged drawings of their findings and drew
maps of the territory.
Embargo Act – Passed in December 1807. This law banned trade with foreign countries.
Congress hoped to punish Britain and France and to protect American ships from capture.
Non-intercourse Act - Passed in 1809 to replace the Embargo Act. This act Banned
trade with Britain and France and their colonies only. It also stated that Americans could
start trading with which ever side stopped violating U.S. neutrality.
Captain Oliver Hazard Perry - American who built a small fleet to fight the British
during the War of 1812. He sailed out to meet the British on September 10, 1813. The
Battle of Lake Erie lasted more than three hours and both sides suffered heavy
casualties. Finally, the British surrendered. Perry’s victory caused the British to
withdraw giving the U.S. Army new hope.
General Andrew Jackson - A general in the Tennessee militia, he defeated the Creek
Indians led by Chief Red Eagle at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend and he defeated the
British at the Battle of New Orleans.
Tripoli/Barbary States – lands located in North Africa. These countries practiced piracy
and held foreign citizens captive for ransom.