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Study Guide – S.W. 138/01 Stewart - Fall 2010
Chapter 1
1. Family violence is defined as
a. the physical injury inflicted upon a wife by her husband.
b. any act or omission by persons who are cohabitating that results in serious injury to
other members of the family.
c. any physical, emotional or psychological injury inflicted by a husband on his wife.
d. any act or omission by a husband upon his wife that results in serious injury.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 3
2. Family violence includes which of the following acts?
a. criminal offenses.
b. behavioral acts.
c. medical problems.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 4
3. Straus and Gelles conducted two national family violence surveys in 1975 and 1985.
These surveys are considered reliable indications of violence in the family because of
which of the following factors
a. the sampling procedure, the large number of respondents and the validity of the
Conflict Tactics Scale as a measuring instrument.
b. the sampling procedure, the socio-economic class of respondents, and the validity of
the measuring instrument.
c. the follow-up process, the sampling procedure and the definitions used by Straus and
Gelles.
d. subsequent surveys have validated the initial national survey.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 5
4. The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) is compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation
and provides data on incidents of family violence that
a. is collected by a survey of citizens in the United States.
b. is accurate because all incidents of family violence are reported to the police.
c. is criminal in nature.
d. is prosecuted by the local District Attorney.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 7
5. The Psychopathology Theory of family violence is grounded upon which of the following
concepts?
a. that some individuals suffered from Posttraumatic stress disorder and therefore cannot
help themselves when they commit violence against those that they live with.
b. that certain individual suffer from mental disorders that relieve them of criminal
responsibility when they commit acts of family violence.
c. that certain individuals suffer from personality disorders that cause them to engage in
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aggressive acts towards their spouses.
d. that certain individuals suffer from mental disorders, personality disorders and other
dysfunctions that cause them to engage in aggressive acts within the family.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 10
6. The Substance Abuse Theory of family violence accepts the proposition that
a. alcohol causes family violence.
b. drugs and alcohol causes or contributes to family violence.
c. illegal drugs cause family violence.
d. some persons cannot use drugs or alcohol and therefore when they engage in this
activity, they will batter their spouses.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 11
7. The Social Learning Theory of family violence
a. assumes that the type of behavior that is most frequently reinforced by others is the
one that is most often exhibited by the individual.
b. is an integration of differential associations with differential reinforcements so that
people with whom one interacts are the reinforcers of behavior that results in learning
both deviant and nondeviant behavior.
c. holds that social learning is accomplished by modeling & reinforcement.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 11
8. The Sociocultural Model of family violence focuses on
a. the roles of men and women in our society
b. the cultural attitudes towards women in our society
c. the acceptance of violence as a cause of family violence
d. all of the above
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 13
9. Which of the following are common features of family violence
a. isolation, lower socio-economic class or status, power/powerlessness, low self-esteem
and power differentials.
b. low self-esteem, power differentials, effect on the victim, lower socio-economic class
or status.
c. effect on the victim, substance abuse, power/powerlessness, power differentials and
isolation.
d. the fact that the victim stays with the abuser, the fact that the victim provokes the
abuser, and the fact that the abuser was abused as a child.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 18
10. The Intergenerational Transmission of Violence Theory
a. was invented by Helfer and Kempe when they coined the term “battered child
syndrome.”
b. asserts that violent behavior is learned within the family and bequeathed from one
generation to the next.
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c. is also known as the Cycle theory of Violence
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 21
Chapter 2
1. Doctor John Caffey studied children with subdural hematomas who also had other
injuries. He came to the conclusion that in the absence of a skeletal disease, children who
have both subdural hematomas and long bone fractures are victims of trauma. This
condition became known as
a. the Battered Child Syndrome.
b. Caffey’s Syndrome.
c. Kempe’s Syndrome.
d. Kempe and Caffey’s Syndrome
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 42
2. The Battered Child Syndrome is
a. no longer a valid medical-legal diagnosis because of our advances in medical science.
b. is a medical-legal term used to describe children who are suffering from long bone
fractures and subdural hematomas.
c. is a term that describes the characteristics of children who are abused as a result of the
Cycle of Violence.
d. is a medicolegal term that describes the diagnosis of a medical expert based upon
scientific studies that indicate when a child suffers certain types of continuing injuries
that those injuries were not caused by accidental means.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 42
3. Physical Child Abuse is defined as
a. any act which results in nonaccidental physical injury by a person who has care,
custody or control of a child.
b. includes sexual, emotional and neglectful acts against a child.
c. any act which causes a physical injury to the child.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 43
4. The Psychopathological Model of family violence
a. stresses the characteristics of the abuser as the primary cause of abuse.
b. is no longer considered a valid theory to explain child abuse.
c. discounts the abuser’s personality as a factor in child abuse.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 47
5. The Interactional Model of child abuse views it s a result of dysfunctional system. This
model focuses on the following factors in child abuse
a. the role of the child, planned events and the background of the parent.
b. the perceptions of the parent, the role of the child and chance events.
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c. the family structure, the role of the child and the background of the parents.
d. the family structure, chance events, and the role of the child.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 48
6. Which of the following physical indicators should alert a professional to the possibility of
physical child abuse
a. unexplained bruises or welts and/or unexplained burns
b. unexplained lacerations to the mouth, lips, arms and/or legs.
c. appearance of injuries after a weekend or vacation
d. all of the above
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 51
7. Bruises that are yellow in color typically indicate that the injury occurred
a. 0-5 days ago
b. 5-7 days ago
c. 7-10 days ago
d. 10-14 days ago
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 53
8. Pattern burns are a form of child abuse
a. where the abuser engages in a pattern of conduct which results in the child being
repeatedly burned by a hot object.
b. which are caused by holding or pressing a portion of the child’s body against a hot
object.
c. which are very difficult to prove.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 57
9. Spiral fractures are
a. a very strong indication of physical child abuse.
b. usually a break in the humerus or femur that is the result of a twisting motion.
c. can occur if a child under three years old catches his or her foot and falls down
causing the injury.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 64
10. The whiplash shaken baby syndrome
a. was a term coined by Kempe in 1961 when he was trying to attract attention to child
abuse.
b. is not a an accepted medical diagnosis.
c. is neurological damage caused by shaking the child violently back and forth.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 67
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Chapter 3
1. While the figures may vary from study to study regarding the types and incidents of child
sexual abuse, most scholars agree that which of the following commits the most incidents
of abuse
a. acquaintances of the child
b. family members of the child
c. strangers
d. siblings of the child
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 76
2. Child sexual abuse includes which of the following conditions
a. the offender must be a family member
b. there must be actual penetration of the body of the child
c. the health or welfare of the child must be harmed or threatened
d. the offender must be an adult
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 76
3. Extra-familial sexual abuse refers to
a. any type of exploitative sexual contact occurring between relatives.
b. those members of the family who abuse the child but do not live in the child’s home
at the time of the sexual act.
c. sexual acts committed by members of the family outside the home.
d. exploitative sexual contact with the perpetrator who may be known to the child or
unknown to the child.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 77
4. Child sexual abuse is distinguished from rape in that
a. the perpetrator may use a variety of different techniques to achieve the objective of
sexual gratification.
b. Rape normally involves sexual acts as the result of force or fear.
c. Child sexual abuse may include manipulation of the child.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 77
5. Finkelhor established the Four Preconditions Model of Sexual Abuse Theory, which
stated that certain factors or preconditions create a personal and social context for
expressing sexually abusive behavior. These factors include
a. factors that concern the victim’s ability to resist the sexual advance, factors outside
the control of the perpetrator, factors that the perpetrator must overcome internally that
would normally prevent him from sexually abusing the child and factors that prevent
abuse such as the lack of social support for the mothers.
b. factors outside the control of the perpetrator, factors that concern the victim’s ability
to resist the sexual advance, factors that the perpetrator must overcome internally that
would normally prevent him from sexually abusing the child and motivation to sexual
abuse the child.
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c. factors outside the control of the perpetrator, factors that concern the victim’s ability
to resist the sexual advance, and motivation to sexual abuse the child.
d. facts that prevent abuse such as the lack of social support for the mothers, the child’s
availability, the age and sophistication of the child, and the child’s previous sexual
experience.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 79
6. Young boys may be victims of child sexual abuse. Which of the following is a reason
that they may not report these acts or incidents?
a. boys may not want to be viewed as sissies or perceived as weak.
b. boys do not normally have to account for their movements to the same degree that
young girls do.
c. stereotypes lead us to look for sexual abuse with girls, not boys.
d. all the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 79
7. Which of the following is not a behavioral indicator of child sexual abuse?
a. fear, inability to trust, anger and hostility and inappropriate sexual behavior.
b. depression, guilt or shame and problems in school.
c. frequent urinary tract or yeast infection, and stained or bloody underwear.
d. somatic complaints, sleep disturbances and regressive behavior.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 80-81
8. When a child has been sexually abused, medical evidence is found
a. in only 10 to 50 percent of all cases.
b. in all cases where there has been penetration by the perpetrator.
c. in 80 to 90 percent of all cases.
d. in 80 to 90 percent of cases involving sexual intercourse.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 81
9. The prohibition against incest includes which of the following theories?
a. multidimensional, multifactor, biological, social and psychological.
b. multidimensional, feminist, biological, familial, and psychological.
c. feminist, biological, social, psychological and multifactor.
d. multifactor, familial, psychological, biological and feminist.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 85
10. High-risk years for child sexual abuse are:
a. 4-9 years old.
b. 2-5 years old.
c. 10-13 years old.
d. 14-18 years old.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 79
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Chapter 4
1. Polansky and his associates established three major causes of neglect, they included:
a. economic causes, psychological factors, and social forces.
b. personalistic causes, social causes, and ecological causes.
c. ecological causes, personalistic causes, and economic causes.
d. social causes, economic causes, and psychological causes.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 99
2. Under the personalistic theory of child neglect,
a. neglect is viewed as being caused by complex social, psychological, interpersonal
behaviors.
b. attributes child neglect to individual personality characteristics of the caretakers.
c. neglect is viewed as being caused by a series of simple interactions involving
personality factors of the abuser that indicate he or she is lacking in certain parenting
skills.
d. neglect is viewed as being caused by psycho-social factors such as poverty.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 100
3. Nonorganic Failure to Thrive (NFTT) is a condition in infants diagnosed by the presence
of
a. the infant is under the fifth percentile in both height and weight
b. the infant at one time weighed and was of a height within the expected norm.
c. the infant is under the fifth percentile in weight and was within the normal range at
one time
d. both a and b
ANSWER: d. Ref. page: 103
4. Emotional neglect consists of
a. acts or omissions which are judged by the community standards and professional
expertise to be psychologically damaging to the child.
b. omissions by the parent or caretaker which are considered by experts to be
psychologically damaging to the child.
c. acts which result in psychological harm or injury to the child.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 105
5. Hart and Brassard identified specific categories of emotional neglect which included
a. spanking the child, rejecting the child, terrorizing the child and denying the child
emotional responses.
b. spurning the child, terrorizing the child, corrupting the child and spanking the child.
c. spurning or rejecting the child, terrorizing the child, corrupting the child, and denying
the child emotional responses.
d. use of guilt, constant criticism and unrealistic expectations.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 106
6. Medical neglect occurs when
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a. the primary physician fails to take appropriate medical action to save the child from
further injury.
b. school personnel fail to report cases of suspected child abuse.
c. the parent or caretaker agrees to acceptable medical services for the child.
d. there is a refusal of a parent or caretaker to obtain acceptable medical services for the
child.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 111
7. A parent may refuse to grant permission for medical treatment for his or her child
a. if it violates the parent’s religious beliefs.
b. if it violates the child’s religious beliefs.
c. only if it violates both the parent’s and the child’s religious beliefs.
d. never if it endangers the child’s well being.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 111
8. Abandonment is
a. parental conduct that indicates a conscious rejection of the obligations of parenthood.
b. parental conduct that indicates that the parent may be rejecting the obligations of
parenthood.
c. a form of physical abuse.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 112
9. Which of the following is not a characteristic of parents or caretakers who neglect their
children?
a. Lack of motivation.
b. Inability to plan.
c. Lack of knowledge.
d. Inability to understand.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 107
10. Which of the following is not a characteristic of an emotionally neglected child?
a. Exaggerated fearfulness.
b. Substance abuse.
c. Laziness.
d. Habit disorders.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 107
Chapter 5
1. Sibling abuse
a. is not a separate form of family violence.
b. is a common form of family violence.
c. is a rare form of family violence.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 119
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2. Early thinking regarding sibling abuse as
a. relatively benign.
b. extremely serious
c. a rare form of family violence
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 119
3. Most authorities accept the proposition that sibling abuse
a. can be cohesive in nature.
b. is a rare form of family violence.
c. occurs only when there is a large age difference between siblings.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 121
4. Laredo established a continuum of motivations of perpetrators of sibling abuse. These include
a. exploration.
b. retribution
c. power and control
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 123
5. According to Laredo, exploration
a. is common in sibling sexual abuse.
b. takes the form of play or games.
c. is used to get even with the younger sibling for actual past slights.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 123
6. According to O’Brien’s research on sibling abuse, siblings commit more serious types of
abuse than other adolescent offenders. This increased sexual activity is based upon
which of the following factors
a. the secrecy that surrounds the activities of the family unit.
b. the power and control aspect set forth by Laredo
c. the easy and continuing access the sibling had to the victim.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 123
7. Gelles and Cornell’s research on sibling abuse confirmed that
a. sibling abuse is the most serious form of family violence.
b. children who exercise power and control are more likely to abuse their siblings.
c. as siblings grow older the abuse decreases.
d. both and b.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 123
8. Serial abuse of siblings
a. occurs when the perpetrator who is a member of the family abuses first one child and
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then abuses another sibling.
b. occurs when a stranger first abuses one child and then abuses another sibling.
c. is limited to sexual abuse of siblings.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 124
9. Which of the following is not an effect of sibling sexual abuse?
a. The victim may feel trapped by the abuser.
b. The victim may retaliate with anger or violence to the abuser.
c. The victim may feel powerless to stop the abuse.
d. The victim may feel betrayed by the fact that a brother or sister is hurting them.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 122
10. Involuntary sterilization of abusive parents:
a. violates the Supreme-Court’s ruling of a parent’s “right to procreate.”
b. is allowed by the Supreme Court in “limited situations.”
c. is a form of termination of parental rights.
d. Both a and b.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 126
Chapter 6
1. According to the Focus in your text dealing with day care abuse, what is used to silence
young victims in day care settings?
a. threats
b. promises of candy
c. treats
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 133
2. Ritualistic child abuse includes
a. physical, emotional, ritual and sexual abuse.
b. psychological, sexual, physical abuse involving the use of rituals.
c. physical, emotional, sexual, ritual and neglect.
d. extreme forms of physical and sexual abuse.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 135
3. Kahaner developed a typology of satanic groups, which includes
a. publicly known cults, private cults, and formal Satanists.
b. public cults, secret cults, and Satanists.
c. private cults, self-styled Satanists, and publicly known cults.
d. formal Satanists, self-styled Satanists, and publicly known cults.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 135
4. Self-styled Satanists
a. are highly organized secretive groups who have styled certain aspects of the occult
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into a deadly organization that commit acts of abuse on children.
b. do not belong to any formal satanic group.
c. are loosely knit groups of individuals who band together occasionally to dabble in
magic and the occult.
d. are not considered as practicing black magic.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 136
5. Magic is
a. illegal in most states.
b. a method of harnessing secret powers to influence others which occurs during a
ceremony.
c. a method of harnessing the secret powers of nature to influence events for one’s own
purpose.
d. not real and is considered to be a figment of one’s imagination.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 136
6. In assessing ritualistic abuse, Jones sets forth the following explanations:
a. the events did in fact occur as described.
b. the events did not occur and children or adult survivors are mistaken or telling lies.
c. that some of the events did in fact happen and others did not.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 140
7. Dissociative disorders
a. may result from ritualistic abuse.
b. include several recognized mental illnesses.
c. may be sudden or gradual in nature.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 145
8. Depersonalization disorder
a. occurs when a patient’s feeling of reality is lost and is replaced with a feeling of
unreality.
b. occurs when a person cannot feel any emotion, such as love for another person.
c. is a dissociative disorder.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 145
9. Psychogenic amnesia involves
a. a gradual loss of memory that results from being a victim of ritualistic abuse.
b. a sudden loss of memory in which the person is unable to remember important
personal information.
c. loss of memory as a result of a blow to the head.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 145
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10. Multiple Personality Disorder
a. is not recognized as a valid mental disorder and only occurs in fiction.
b. is the existence within a person of two or more distinct personalities where at least two
of these recurrently take full control of the person’s behavior.
c. is the existence within two persons of the same personality.
d. is the result of a loving caring childhood.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 145
Chapter 7
1. A confidential communication is
a. one that cannot under any circumstances be divulged.
b. information that is made under circumstances where the speaker intended that the
statement be shared only with the recipient of the information.
c. can be waived at any time by the recipient of the information.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 154
2. Megan’s Laws involve
a. notification of the community of the location of a released sex offender.
b. mandatory registration of sex offenders
c. one strike (sex offense) requires a twenty-year life sentence.
d. unconstitutional notification requirements.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 155
3. Recognition memory occurs
a. when the child is cued or is able to perceive an object or event that was perceived at an
earlier time.
b. when the child can recollect the event without the aid of cues or other assistance.
c. when the child recovers his or her memory after a period of time.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 159
4. An example of an open ended question is:
a. Your Daddy touched your privates didn’t he?
b. When your Daddy walked into the room, what did he do?
c. On the morning you were hurt, where was your Mother?
d. Did anything happen to you?
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 159
5. An example of a focused question is
a. Where was your Daddy?
b. When your Daddy walked into the room, what did he do?
c. Were you doing anything?
d. Did your Mother hit you every day when she drank?
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 159
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6. An example of a coercive question is
a. Is it true that you saw your brother being hit by your Mother?
b. Are you aware that telling a lie is considered perjury and subjects you to criminal
sanctions?
c. Your Daddy touched your privates didn’t he?
d. Where was your Daddy?
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 160
7. Which of the following is not an exception to the hearsay rule?
a. excited utterances
b. statements made by the victims of abuse.
c. out of court statements offered for the truth of the matter stated.
d. declarations against interest.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 161
8. Competency requires
a. that the witness understands the nature of the proceedings.
b. that the witness be able to accurately related what transpired.
c. that the witness is able to testify without violating the hearsay rule.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 164
9. Anatomical dolls are sometimes used in interviewing victims of child abuse. These dolls
assist professionals in the following ways:
a. they allow the child to explain what occurred by referring to the doll rather than
themselves.
b. the child’s interactions with the doll may provide additional clues to the interviewer.
c. these dolls may facilitate communication.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 165
10. Medical expert opinions
a. are never admitted unless the perpetrator has undergone a physical examination.
b. include a medical history
c. may be based upon physical examinations, laboratory results and a medical history.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 170
Chapter 8
1. Which of the following is not a reason child exploiters use the internet as a tool for
exploitation?
a. It helps them maintain anonymity.
b. They can find others who agree with their values and practices.
c. They may trade or purchase pictures of their young victims.
d. It is usually the most cost-effective route for exploitation.
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ANSWER: d Ref. page: 185-186
2. What differentiates Tier 2 Countries and Tier 2 Watch List Countries from one another?
a. Tier 2 Watch List Countries have a more significant number of trafficking victims.
b. Tier 2 Watch List Countries do not comply to minimum standards.
c. Tier 2 Countries fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000.
d. They are both committed to improve efforts against trafficking in the next year.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 188
3. Child exploitation includes:
a. human smuggling.
b. sex tourism.
c. debt bondage.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 184
4. Trafficking means:
a. the transportation of persons against their will across international borders.
b. recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by means of a
threat or other forms of coercion.
c. the use and transport of persons or people for purposes of slavery, sexual slavery, or
prostitution for means of financial gain.
d. human smuggling.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 187
5. Victims of child pornography fall primarily into which age group?
a. 7-11 years old.
b. 1-3 years old.
c. 12-17 years old.
d. 4-6 years old.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 191
6. The majority of users in child sex tourism are:
a. preferential sex tourists.
b. racist sex tourists.
c. situational exploiters.
d. occasional exploiters.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 193
Chapter 9
1. The Cycle Theory of Violence
a. is the same as the Cycle of Violence Theory
b. attempts to examine the dynamics of spousal abuse
c. has not been accepted by the legal system.
d. both b and c.
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ANSWER: c Ref. page: 223
2. Walker established the following responses for women suffering from the Battered
Women syndrome
a. self destructive learned helplessness deficits, self defense mechanisms including
heightened awareness and traumatic effects of victimization by the abuser.
b self defense mechanisms including learned helplessness, heightened awareness and
coping skills.
c. self destructive coping responses to violence, coping skills, and learned helplessness.
d. self destructive coping responses to violence, learned helplessness deficits and
traumatic effects of victimization induced by violence.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 223
3. The Stockholm Syndrome occurs when persons who are held as hostages, captives or
prisoners of war
a. develop learned helplessness.
b. learn to hate their captors.
c. begin to identify with the captors.
d. develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 224
4. Dutton’s theory of traumatic bonding
a. holds the more the abuser beats the victim, the more she bonds with him.
b. discussed bondage and partner abuse and holds that abused victims who are subjected
to bondage as part of the abuse stay in those relationships longer than victims who are not
subjected to that form of abuse.
c. is another name for the Cycle of Violence Theory.
d. holds that the victim becomes susceptible to her abuser’s loving contrite pressure to
return and as her fear lessens and the needs provided by her abuser increase, she may
decide to return.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 224
5. Which of the following theories attempts to explain the relationship between alcohol and
partner abuse?
a. the social stress and alcohol deviance theory
b. the social disinhibition theory
c. the social learning and deviance disavowal theory
d. the social integrated alcohol deviance theory.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 216
6. Straus and Gelles set forth the following factors as have more impact on the degree of
risk a women faces in a cohabitating relationship:
a. isolation, investment in the relationship, and use of alcohol
b. autonomy and control, isolation and investment in the relationship.
c. autonomy, use of alcohol, and stress.
d. isolation, stress and use of alcohol.
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ANSWER: b Ref. page: 213
7. What are the major types or techniques that are relied upon in assessing spousal abuse?
a. self-reporting and law enforcement records.
b. law enforcement records and interviews.
c. self-reporting and court records.
d. interviews and self-reporting.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 227
8. Many victims of spousal abuse by police officers do not call their law enforcement
agency because
a. they fear their case will be handled by officers who know the abuser.
b. they are concerned for their safety.
c. they are concerned that the officers will side with their colleague and fail to properly
investigate the crime.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 231
9. Which of the following acts is not classified as partner abuse, if they cause harm?
a. Unintentional acts.
b. Sexual acts.
c. Physical acts.
d. Emotional acts.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 213
10. Outing
a. is a form of dating in the gay community.
b. is the disclosure of the victim’s sexual preference.
c. is not a threat used in gay or lesbian abuse..
d. is a form of dating in the heterosexual community
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 245
11. A non-traditional family is
a. a man and women who live together without benefit of a marriage license.
b. a family that rejects the traditional concepts of raising children.
c. when gays or lesbians live together as a family.
d. when gay or lesbians get married.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 241
12. Homosexuality is
a. a male homosexual.
b. a socially integrated group oriented toward and concerned with the welfare of
homosexuals.
c. a female homosexual.
d. the manifestation of sexual desire toward a member of one’s own sex.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 241
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13. A gay is
a. a male homosexual.
b. a socially integrated group oriented toward and concerned with the welfare of
homosexuals.
c. the manifestation of sexual desire toward a member of one’s own sex.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 241
14. A lesbian is
a. a male homosexual.
b. a socially integrated group oriented toward and concerned with the welfare of
homosexuals.
c. a female homosexual.
d. the manifestation of sexual desire toward a member of one’s own sex.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 242
Chapter 10
1. Partner assault
a. does not involve any physical injury to the victim.
b. is the same as spousal abuse.
c. is the act of intentionally inflicting physical injury on the spouse or other person who
cohabitating with the abuser.
d. requires mandatory arrest of the offender by all police departments.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 257
2. Saunders explored the characteristics of those who assault their spouses and established a
typology of three types of males who engage in spousal assault. This typology included
a. generalized aggressor, family-only type and repeat offender.
b. physical aggressor, sexual aggressor, and generalized aggressor.
c. active aggressor and passive aggressor.
d. generalized aggressor, family-only type and emotionally volatile.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 259
3. Call screening
a. is downgrading by the law enforcement agency of the priority assigned to domestic
violence calls for service.
b. is illegal in a majority of states.
c. is illegal in all states
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 260
4. An arrest
a. is the taking of a person into custody in a manner prescribed by law.
b. always occurs in spousal assault cases.
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c. may be made only for felony spousal assault cases.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 261
5. A felony
a. is punished by incarnation in local jails not to exceed one year.
b. is always filed in spousal assault cases if the victim is physically injured.
c. is the second most serious type of crime and may result in prison or jail.
d. is the most serious type of crime and is usually punished by imprisonment in state
prison.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 261
6. Probable cause
a. that set of facts that would lead an average person to believe a crime has been
committed by the suspect.
b. that set of facts that would lead a reasonable person to believe a crime has been
committed by the suspect.
c. that set of facts that would lead a police officer to believe a crime has been committed
by the suspect.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 261
7. Battery is:
a. a threat of force against another.
b. the fear of danger from another.
c. the unlawful touching of another.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 261
8. The Minneapolis experiment
a. concerned the effect of arrest on those who batter their spouses.
b. was a failure.
c. involved social learning to change the conduct of sexual molesters.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 262-263
9. Based upon the results of the Minneapolis experiment, Sherman and his associates made
what recommendation?
a. Change existing laws to allow for warrantless arrest of spousal abusers.
b. Suggested that mandatory arrest was the preferred option in most cases of spousal
assault.
c. Additional experiments be conducted to validate the results of the Minneapolis study.
d. All of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 263
10. Under the Violence Against Women Act, the Attorney General
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a. is required to prosecute any peace officer who continues to carry a weapon after being
convicted of spousal abuse.
b. has original jurisdiction in spousal assault cases involving violation of restraining
orders.
c. is required to make a report to Congress annually on the grants that are awarded under
the act.
d. may intervene in a state criminal action if it involves violation of a restraining order.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 270
Chapter 11
1. Wolf, Pillemer and Godkin classifies elder abuse into the following areas:
a. physical, material, active neglect, emotional and sexual abuse.
b. physical, sexual and neglect.
c. passive neglect, psychological abuse, physical abuse, material and active neglect.
d. physical, sexual, psychological and neglect.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 287
2. Material in the context of elder abuse refers to
a. physical items such as bank accounts.
b. the exploitation or use of resources.
c. the intentional taking of property of the elder.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 287
3. Alzheimer’s disease has the following major facets:
a. lack of memory, confusion and premature aging.
b. premature aging, memory impairment, loss of control over body functions.
c. intellectual deficits, personality deficits, stress-tolerance deficits.
d. uncontrolled aggression, loss of memory and premature aging.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 292
4. The Psychopathology theory of elder abuse
a. is based upon the premise that the elders have mental disorders that cause them to be
abused.
b. is based upon the premise that abusers have mental disorders that cause to be abusive.
c. is based upon the premise that elder abused is learned behavior which cannot be
changed or modified.
d. is based upon the premise that dependency in relationships contributes to elder abuse.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 294
5. The Social exchange theory of elder abuse
a. is based upon the premise that abuse is learned and passed on from generation to
generation.
b. is based upon the premise that abuse is socially learned behavior that cannot be
controlled by the abuser.
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c. assumes the abuser exchanges violence against the elder for emotional satisfaction.
d. assumes that dependency in relationships contributes to elder abuse.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 294
6. The Family stress theory of elder abuse
a. assumes that providing care for an elder induces stress within the family.
b. stress may take many forms including economic hardship and loss of sleep.
c. is one of the most accepted theories of elder abuse.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 295
7. TRIADS are composed of
a. senior citizens, community leaders, and law enforcement officials.
b. elders, elected officials, and police.
c. senior citizens, police, and sheriffs’ deputies.
d. senior citizens, private businesses, and law enforcement.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 298
8. A conservator is a person appointed by the court
a. to take care of another person who is unable to care for him or herself.
b. to manage the estate of one who is unable to manage his or her affairs.
c. to represent those accused of elder abuse.
c. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 301
9. A guardian is a person appointed by a court
a. to take care of another person who is unable to care for him or herself.
b. to manage the estate of one who is unable to manage his or her affairs.
c. to represent those accused of elder abuse.
c. both a and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 301
10. Material elder abuse involves:
a. any psychological abuse.
b. any form of abuse except for lacks of food, clothing, or residence.
c. neglect-related abuse.
d. exploitation of the elder’s finances and resources.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 286
Chapter 12
1. AIDS is the acronym for
a. the psychological trauma suffered when HIV becomes AIDS.
b. the medical term Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
c. Assistance in Developing Syndromes.
d. the medical, psychological, and physical symptoms suffered by AIDS victims.
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ANSWER: b Ref. page: 306
2. How many types of HIV have been discovered?
a. only one that always turns into AIDS.
b. we keep finding new types every couple of years as the disease mutates.
c. two: HIV-1 and HIV-2.
d. three: HIV-1, HIV-2 and AIDS.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 307
3. You can catch AIDS by:
a. soaking in a hot tub with an infected person.
b. being bitten by an infected animal.
c. using the same telephone immediately after use by an infected person.
d. sexual activities.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 308
4. The three most common routes of HIV transmission are
a. sexual transmission, soaking in a hot tub, and kissing.
b. blood to blood transmission, sexual transmission, and mother to child transmission.
c. dirty needles, anal sex, and soaking in a hot tub with an infected person.
d. kissing, using the same toilet seat, and mother to child transmission.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 308
5. A disabled person is
a. one who has a lower pain tolerance than normal persons and as a result is limited in
one or more major life activities.
b. one who is suffering from a physical defect that substantially limits one or more the
major life activities of that person.
c. one who has a mental impairment that substantially limits one or more the major life
activities of that person.
d. one who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more the
major life activities of that person.
ANSWER: d Ref. pages: 313-314
6. Disabled persons are victimized
a. the same as other persons.
b. less than other persons.
c. more than other persons.
d. not at all.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 312
7. There are three levels of military courts-marshal. Which is the most serious court
marshal?
a. general
b. special
c. summary
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d. indictment
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 319
8. What contains the substantive and procedural laws governing the military justice system?
a. The Department of Defense.
b. The Military Legal Tribunal.
c. The Uniform Code of Military Justice.
d. The Legal Military Code.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 319
9. Why is research on military spousal and child abuse difficult to conduct?
a. It is a closed society and therefore difficult to obtain valid data from.
b. The military asks that its members do not reveal this information to outsiders.
c. Social research on military bases is forbidden.
d. Social research on military bases is generally very limited.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 320
10. Spiritual abuse is defined as:
a. those acts committed by members of an organized religion who injury their members.
b. physical, emotional, or sexual abuse committed by a person using the authority of or
under color or spiritual beliefs.
c. requiring members to pray or worship for long periods of time without food or water.
d. a form of domestic violence.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 323
Chapter 13
1. Millett’s Sexual Politics
a. contained numerous themes. One of the most important concerns the nature of the
crime of rape. The author argues that rape is not a sexual act, rather it is a violent,
political act.
b. examines the concept of patriarchy which the author claims is a social and political
system that is utilized by men to control women.
c. discusses the history of rape and maintains that rape is an act used by men to maintain
their domination over women by use of force.
d. examines early feminist approaches to sexual abuse and concludes that sexual
violence is based upon power, sexuality and social control.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 336
2. Griffin’s Rape: The All American Crime
a. contained numerous themes. One of the most important concerns the nature of the
crime of rape. The author argues that rape is not a sexual act, rather it is a violent,
political act.
b. examines the concept of patriarchy which the author claims is a social and political
system that is utilized by men to control women.
c. discusses the history of rape and maintains that rape is an act used by men to maintain
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their domination over women by use of force.
d. examines early feminist approaches to sexual abuse and concludes that sexual
violence is based upon power, sexuality and social control.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 336
3. Kelly’s Surviving Sexual Violence
a. contained numerous themes. One of the most important concerns the nature of the
crime of rape. The author argues that rape is not a sexual act, rather it is a violent,
political act.
b. examines the concept of patriarchy which the author claims is a social and political
system that is utilized by men to control women.
c. discusses the history of rape and maintains that rape is an act used by men to maintain
their domination over women by use of force.
d. examines early feminist approaches to sexual abuse and concludes that sexual
violence is based upon power, sexuality and social control.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 336
4. Brownmiller’s, Against our Will
a. contained numerous themes. One of the most important concerns the nature of the
crime of rape. The author argues that rape is not a sexual act, rather it is a violent,
political act.
b. examines the concept of patriarchy which the author claims is a social and political
system that is utilized by men to control women.
c. discusses the history of rape and maintains that rape is an act used by men to maintain
their domination over women by use of force.
d. examines early feminist approaches to sexual abuse and concludes that sexual
violence is based upon power, sexuality and social control.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 336
5. After researching rape for several years, Groth and Birnbaum established a more refined
version of their original typology of rapist in their book, Men Who Rape. This new
revised typology included
a. the sadism rape, the power rape and the sexual rape.
b. the sexual rape, the anger rape and the forced rape.
c. the anger rape, the sexual rape and the power rape.
d. the forced rape, the sadism rape and the anger rape.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 343
6. Victims of which type of rape typically need long-term psychiatric counseling, according
to Groth and Birnbaum?
a. Power rapes.
b. Sadism rapes.
c. Anger rapes.
d. All of the above.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 343
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7. Post-traumatic stress syndrome
a. occurs when the victim experiences feelings of shame, humiliation, disjointedness,
anger, inability to concentrate and withdrawal.
b. is the development of a characteristic symptoms following a psychologically
distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience.
c. is always present in every case of forcible rape.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 344
8. Rape crisis syndrome
a. occurs when the victim experiences feelings of shame, humiliation, disjointedness,
anger, inability to concentrate and withdrawal.
b. is the development of a characteristic symptoms following a psychologically
distressing event that is outside the range of usual human experience.
c. is always present in every case of forcible rape.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 345
9. Rape shield laws
a. are unconstitutional as they prevent the defendant from cross examining the victim.
b. prohibit the defendant from questioning the rape victim regarding her previous sexual
history
c. prohibit the defendant from introducing any other evidence concerning the victim’s
past sexual practices.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 350
10. Sexual harassment
a. involves requiring sex from a female by her supervisor as a condition of continued
employment.
b. the imposition of any unwanted condition on any person’s employment because of
that person’s sex.
c. involves an oppressive work environment where males make jokes about females.
d. is a crime where the victim must be a female.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 358
Chapter 14
1. Erotomania
a. occurs when the stalker does not known his or her victim except through the media.
b. occurs when there existed a prior relationship between the stalker and the intended
victim.
c. is a delusional disorder in which the predominant them of the delusion is that a person
usually of higher status is in love with the stalker.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 369
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2. Love Obsessional stalking
a. occurs when the stalker does not known his or her victim except through the media.
b. occurs when there existed a prior relationship between the stalker and his or her
intended victim.
c. is a delusional disorder in which the predominant them of the delusion is that a person
usually of higher status is in love with the stalker.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 370
3. Simple Obsessional stalking
a. occurs when the stalker does not known his or her victim except through the media.
b. occurs when there existed a prior relationship between the stalker and his or her
intended victim.
c. is a delusional disorder in which the predominant them of the delusion is that a person
usually of higher status is in love with the stalker.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 370
4. Zona and his associates established the following typology of stalkers:
a. psychopathic personality stalker and the psychotic personality stalker .
b. pursuit of public figures by the mentally ill with no prior relationship, pursuit of public
figures by healthy persons with no prior relationship, pursuit of regular citizens with no
prior relationship and pursuit of regular citizens with some prior interpersonal
relationship.
c. erotomania, love obsessional and simple obsessional.
d. celebrity, lust, hit, love-scorned, domestic and political stalkers.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 369
5. A statute is overbroad and therefore unconstitutional if
a. it regulates conduct instead of speech.
b. it fails to provide explicit grounds for enforcement.
c. it prohibits both activities that are constitutionally protected, as well as activities that
are protected.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 375
6. A statute is vague and therefore unconstitutional if
a. it regulates conduct instead of speech.
b. it fails to provide explicit grounds for enforcement.
c. it prohibits both activities that are constitutionally protected, as well as activities that
are protected.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 376
7. Stalking must be:
a. directed at a group of people.
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b. activity that causes a reasonable person to be worried.
c. dangerous activity.
d. a knowing, purposeful course of conduct.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 368
8. Which of the following is not considered a type of stalking?
a. Cyberstalking.
b. Gang stalking.
c. Threatening stalking.
d. Teen stalking.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 373
Chapter 15
1. Victimology is
a. the study of victims.
b. the study of criminals
c. the study of the victim, the offender, and society.
d. the study of society’s reactions to victimization.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 390
2. A tort is
a. a civil wrong committed by another person upon the person or property of another.
b. a personal injury committed by a third party upon the person or property of another.
c. a legal wrong committed upon the person or property of another independent of
contract.
d. both a and b.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 392
3. A complaint is
a. a formal written document that either admits or denies allegations.
b. a formal written document stating certain causes of actions that the plaintiff alleges
entitles him or her to recover damages from the perpetrator.
c. a formal written document that allows one party to obtain information regarding the
finances of the perpetrator.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 393
4. An answer is
a. a formal written document that either admits or denies allegations.
b. a formal written document stating certain causes of actions that the plaintiff alleges
entitles him or her to recover damages from the perpetrator.
c. a formal written document that allows one party to obtain information regarding the
finances of the perpetrator.
d. both a and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 393
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5. Primitive laws were characterized by the following:
a. the injured party was entitled to take action against the wrongdoer.
b. the injured party was allowed to retaliate against the wrongdoer in-kind or to inflict
the same amount of punishment on the wrongdoer that he inflicted upon the injured party.
c. acts that injured others were considered private wrongs.
d. all of the above.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 393
6. Mendelsohn developed a typology of victims and their contribution to the criminal act.
He classified victims as
a. completely innocent victim, partially innocent victim, most guilty victim, victim with
minor guilt, victim more guilty than the offender, victim who is the offender.
b. imaginary victim, completely innocent victim, partially innocent, victim more guilty
than the offender, victim who is as guilty as the offender.
c. imaginary victim, completely innocent victim, most guilty victim, victim with minor
guilt, victim more guilty than the offender, victim who is as guilty as the offender.
d. imaginary victim, real victim, financially injured victim and physically injured victim.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 390
7. Discovery is
a. a formal method of learning the facts, theories and positions of opposing parties by
means of written or oral questioning.
b. a formal method of learning the facts, theories and positions of the parties prior to
filing a complaint.
c. a formal method of learning the facts, theories and positions of the parties after
judgment.
d. both b and c.
ANSWER: a Ref. page: 393
8. When the plaintiff asks to be made whole or reimbursed for expenses incurred as the
result of an injury, this is known as
a. restorative justice.
b. punitive damages.
c. restitution.
d. compensatory damages.
ANSWER: d Ref. page: 394
9. When the plaintiff asks for damages to punish the defendant for conduct that is
considered outrageous, this is known as
a. restorative justice.
b. punitive damages.
c. restitution.
d. compensatory damages.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 394
10. When public funds are paid to victims or their families to recover out-of-pocket expenses
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for injuries suffered as a result of another’s criminal act, this is known as
a. restorative justice.
b. compensation
c. restitution.
d. compensatory damages.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 394
11. When part of a criminal sentence requires the offender to pay for injured suffered by the
victim, this is known as
a. restorative justice.
b. compensation.
c. restitution.
d. compensatory damages.
ANSWER: c Ref. page: 397
12. The Justice for All Act provides for all of the following except:
a. the right to be protected from the accused.
b. the right to privacy.
c. the right to reasonable notice of hearings, proceedings, escape or release of the
accused.
d. the right to be heard at public proceedings involving the accused.
ANSWER: b Ref. page: 407