Body Systems Vocabulary
Skeletal System:
1. Skeletal System-A body system made up of bones, joints, and
connective tissue
2. Marrow-A soft tissue in the center of some bones
3. Joint-The point at which two bones meet
4. Cartilage-A strong flexible, gel-like tissue that cushions your
joints
5. Tendons-Tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones
6. Ligaments-Cordlike tissues that connect the bones in each joint
Muscular System:
7. Muscular System-The group of structures that give your body
parts the power to move
8. Skeletal Muscles-The muscles attached to bones that enable you
to move
9. Smooth Muscles-The muscles found in organs, blood vessels, and
glands
10.
Cardiac Muscles-Muscles found only in the walls of you
heart
Circulatory System:
11.
Circulatory System-A group of organs and tissues that
move essential supplies to body cells and remove their waste
products
12.
Cell Respiration-The process in which the body’s cells are
nourished and energized
13.
Arteries-Blood vessels that carry blood away from the
heart to other parts of the body
14.
Veins-Blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to
the heart
15.
Capillaries-tiny blood vessels that connect the veins and
arteries to the body’s cells
Respiratory System:
16.
Respiratory System-A system that consists of organs that
supply the body with constant oxygen and rid the body of carbon
dioxide.
17.
Respiration-The exchange of gases between your body and
the air
18.
Bronchi-Main opening through which air enters the lungs
19.
Alveoli-Tiny air sacs in the lungs where carbon dioxide is
exchanged with oxygen
20.
Diaphragm-A dome-shaped muscle that separates the chest
from the abdomen
21.
Asthma-A serious chronic condition that causes tiny air
passages in the respiratory system to become narrow or blocked
22.
Air Quality Index (AQI)-A measure of ozone, sulfur
dioxide, carbon monoxide, and fine particles close to the ground
Nervous System:
23.
Nervous System-Your body’s message and control center
24.
Central Nervous System (CNS)-Brain and spinal cord
25.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)-the nerves that connect
the central nervous system to all parts of the body
26.
Neurons-Specialized nerve cells
27.
Somatic System-The part of the nervous system that deals
with actions that you control
28.
Autonomic System-A system dealing with actions you do
not control
29.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)-A condition caused by the
brain being jarred and striking the inside of the skull
Digestive and Excretory Systems:
30.
Digestive System-The body system that converts fuel into
usable energy
31.
Digestion-The process of changing food into material the
can use
32.
Enzymes-Proteins that affect the many body processes
33.
Saliva-A fluid made by the salivary glands
34.
Small Intestine-A coiled, tube-like organ that is about 20
feet long
35.
Excretory System-Your body’s waste removal system
36.
Excretion-The process of removing wastes from the body
37.
Colon-The large intestine
38.
Kidneys-Organs that filter water and dissolved wastes from
the blood and help maintain proper levels of water and salts in the
body
Endocrine System:
39.
Endocrine System-A chemical communication system that
controls many body functions
40.
Gland-A group of cells or an organ that secretes a substance
41.
Pituitary Gland-A gland that signals other endocrine
glands to produce hormones when needed