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Biology 2nd Semester Study Guide
Name: ______________________________
Period: _______ Teacher: _______________
1. Define the following ECOLOGY vocabulary words and give an example when possible
Vocab Term
Definition
Vocab Term
Ecology
Climate
Ecosystem
Consumer
Species
Producer
Population
Carnivore
Community
Omnivore
Niche
Scavenger
Habitat
Decomposer
Biome
Trophic Level
Biosphere
Biomass
Definition
2. Place the following terms in order from largest to smallest: organism, ecosystem, community,
population
3. Give three examples of abiotic factors
4. Give three examples of each:
Decomposers Producers Consumers -
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5. Give three examples of each:
Carnivores Omnivores Herbivores 6. Describe each of the following biomes and state where in the world they are located.
a. Savanna (Tropical Grassland)
b. Tundra
c. Desert
7. What are the three types of wetlands?
8. What is an estuary?
9. What are the two types of biomes? Which one makes up most of our biosphere?
10. What is a food chain? Give an example.
11. What is a food web?
12. Explain why food webs are more common than food chains.
13. Explain why the extinction of one animal can have an effect on the whole community.
14. What is the ultimate source of all energy on earth?
15. What organisms are always on the bottom of an energy pyramid?
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16.
Label this energy pyramid with the following terms: Secondary Consumer, Producer,
Primary Consumer, and Tertiary Consumer
17. What happens to the amount of energy in each trophic level as you move up on an energy
pyramid?
18. Where is the most energy located on an energy pyramid?
19. Explain the 10% rule when dealing with an energy pyramid.
20. Explain how biological magnification of toxins affects the organisms in an ecosystem.
21. Explain a predator-prey relationship. Give examples.
22.
Define the CLASSIFICATION vocabulary words and give an example when possible
a. Taxonomy
b. Binomial nomenclature
c. Dichotomous key
d. Hierarchy
23. List the following terms in order from biggest to smallest according to the modern
classification: species, kingdom, class, order, genus, family, phylum, domain
24. What 3 pieces of information are used to place organisms into different kingdoms?
25. Eubacteria and Archaebacteria originated in which kingdom?
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26. Fill in the following chart.
Kingdoms
Archae- Eubacteria
bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Unicellular or
Multicellular?
Prokaryotic or
Eukaryotic?
Autotroph or
Heterotroph?
What domain
are they in?
Examples
27. Draw a phylogenic tree and label the parts that are “most recent” and the parts that are the
“most ancient”
28. Give examples of organisms found in the following animal phyla
a. Mollusks b. Cnidarians -
29. Canus lupus is the scientific name for a wolf. Which part of the name is the genus?
30. Which part of Canus lupus is the species name?
31. What language are scientific names typically written in?
32. What did Carolus Linneaus do for taxonomy?
33. Why is Gregor Mendel important to genetics? What is he known for?
34. What are the 3 different ways you can write probability?
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35.
Define the following GENETICS vocabulary words and give an example when possible
Vocab Term
Definition
Vocab Term
Hybrid
Probability
Purebred
Dominant
Monohybrid
Cross
Recessive
Dihybrid
Cross
Gene
Phenotype
Allele
Genotype
Punnett
Square
Homozygous
Pedigree
Heterozygous
Karyotype
Definition
36. How can you determine the gender of a karyotype? (include chromosome #)
37. What is the standard number of chromosomes found in a karyotype?
38. Look at the pedigree and answer the following questions
a. What shape represents a male?
b. What shape represents a female?
c. What does a shaded in shape mean?
d. Write the generations next to the pedigree
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39. Create a Punnett Square showing the genetic cross of a Tall, Homozygous dominant pea plant
(TT) with short, homozygous recessive pea plant (tt)
a. Write out the genotypic ratio for the above punnett square
b. Write out the phenotypic ratio for the above punnett square
40. Create a Punnett Square showing the genetic cross of a Tall, Heterozygous pea plant (Tt) with
short, homozygous recessive pea plant (tt)
a. Write out the genotypic ratio for the above punnett square
b. Write out the phenotypic ratio for the above punnett square
41. Who is Charles Darwin?
a. Where did he travel?
b. What was the name of his ship?
c. What did he notice about the finches?
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42.
Define the following EVOLUTION vocabulary words and give an example when
possible.
Vocab Term
Definition
Vocab Term
Definition
Vestigial
Structure
Gradualism
Homologous
Structure
Adaptation
Analogous
Structure
Speciation
Evolution
Natural
Selection
Co-evolution
Extinction
Convergent
Evolution
Gene Pool
Punctuated
Equilibrium
Fossil
43. Describe how each of the following is evidence for evolution
a. fossil record
b. Biochemistry (DNA and RNA)
44. Why are there many different “types” of humans?
45. Explain why adaptations are important for an organism.
46. What happens when two populations compete for the same resources?
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Lab Practical Study Guide:
Lab Practical will take May 23, 2013
Review the following labs:
Skeleton/Symmetry Lab
Exploratory & Dissection Labs
Characteristics of Living Things
Be able to identify
 Kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia (& examples of each)
 Shapes of Eubacteria: Cocci, Bacillus, Spirillium
 Animal Phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda,
Echinodermata, Chordata (& examples of each)
 Anatomy of organisms from the Exploratory Lab and Dissection Labs: Abdomen, Ampullae,
Cephalothorax, Eustachian tubes, Foot, Gall bladder, Gills, Glottis, Heart, Intestine, Liver, Lungs,
Radial Canal, Stomach, Tube Feet
 Type of symmetry: Asymmetry, Bilateral symmetry, Radial symmetry
 Type of skeleton: Hydroskeleton, Exoskeleton, Endoskeleton
 Mode of obtaining nutrients: Autotroph, Heterotroph (scavenger, decomposer, scavenger, herbivore,
carnivore, omnivore)
 Areas on the body: Dorsal, Ventral, Anterior, Posterior
 Lab supplies: Scissors, Dull probe, Dissecting needle, Goggles, Cleaner, etc
 Organisms in a food chain & which have the most energy: Producer, Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
consumers
 Parts of a virus: Capsid, Bacteriophage
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~ Study Tips ~
Go through the study guide and answer all of the questions you possibly can without using your
book. Go back and look up the rest. Any questions you are confused on, ASK your teacher!!! 
Create flash cards to practice all of the vocabulary.
Get together with some friends outside of school and quiz each other!!!!
Take a sheet of paper and fold it hot dog style—Write questions on one side and answers on the
other. Cover up the answers and see how many you can answer from memory.
Practicing and quizzing will increase your test scores!
~ You can do it! Put your mind to it! ~
REMEMBER THE STORM TRAITS WHEN
PREPARING FOR YOUR FINALS!!!!!!!!
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