Name __________________________________________________________________
Invertebrate Zoology Exam #2
15-November-2005
Be sure to read the directions for each section carefully.
Multiple Choice (15 Points): Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answers.
There may be no correct answers to a question, there may be one correct answer, or there
may be more than one correct answer.
1) The Rorifers have several advanced features – relative to many of the animals we
have studied thus far. Which of these are features that rotifers possess?
a. Complete Gut
b. Blastocoelom (pseudocoelom)
c. Modified Jaws
d. Cephalization
2) Which of the following phyla are blastocoelomates?
a. Rotifera
b. Platyhelminthes
c. Cnidaria
d. Nemata
e. Nematomorpha
f. Gastrotricha
g. Kinorhyncha
h. Priapula
i. Entoprocta
j. Loricifera
k. Cycliophora
3) The turbellarians have pharynxes of varying complexity. Which of the following
pharynxes do not require eversion to extend out of the animals body?
a. Simple Pharynx
b. Bulbous Pharynx
c. Plicate Pharynx
d. Down East Pharynx
4) The Cestoda have ____________________.
a. A complete gut
b. A blind gut
c. No gut
d. A complex gut
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5) The polychaeta have the following features.
a. They are marine segmented worms
b. They can have highly modified prostomiums
c. They are highly caphalized
d. They display radial symmetry
6) Protonephridia in the flatworms are used for:
a. Gas exchange
b. Osmoregulation
c. Locomotion
d. Sexual reproduction
7) The muscles in Nematodes are interesting for several reasons
a. They have three layers
b. There is only a single layer
c. There are no connections to nerves
d. Muscles “reach out” to neurons
8) In the Sipunculans, there is a type of cell that circulates within the animal and
essentially cleans up. This type of cell is known as the (pst pst – there is only
ONE correct answer here)
a. Vases
b. Urns
c. Pots
d. Tuns
9) The Echiurians use _____________________________ for respiration
a. Inhalent canals
b. Excurrent Canals
c. Cloacal Irrigation
d. Hemoglobin
10) The sister groups to the Arthropods are the
a. Metanephridia
b. Tardigrada
c. Annelida
d. Sipuncula
e. Onychophora
11) The Arthropod cuticle can be divided into three sections – a top or
________________, a side or __________________, and a bottom or
______________________.
a. Sternite, Pleurite, Tergite
b. Pleurite, Sternite, Tergite
c. Tergite, Pleurite, Sternite
d. Tergite, Sternite, Pleurite
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12) Arthropods TYPICALLY have
a. Centrolecithal eggs
b. Telolecithal eggs
c. Direct development
d. Indirect development
e. Internal fertilization
f. External Fertilization
g. Ecdysonal mediated Molding
h. Shedding
13) Hexapoda get around by
a. Flying
b. Pedestrian Locomotion
c. Alternating Tripod Sequences
d. An eversible pharynx
14) Epithelial tissue is
a. Free on one side
b. Attached on both sides
c. Attached to the cellar formation
d. Attached to the basement membrane
e. Irrelevant
15) Which of the following are respiratory pigments
a. Hemoglobin
b. Hemoglobulin
c. Pygidium
d. Hemerythrin
e. Hemocyanin
f. Chlorocruorin
g. Prostomium
h. Nephridioglobin
i. Immunoglobulin
j. Lastmultiplechoicium
Fill in the Blanks (5 Points):
16) Nematomorpha, or the horsehair worms, are found living happily in
________________________________________.
17) The phylum Priapula is well named. It is named after the Greek God of
___________________________________________________.
18) The Class Trematoda are commonly known as ___________________________.
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19) One common form of asexual reproduction used by the Platyhelminthes is
________________________________________________.
20) The Oligochaetes have a specialized reproductive section called the
________________________.
21) While the scientist was lounging in the Adirondacks, she came across a leach
wanting to suck her blood. “_______________________________!!!” she cried
in reference to the scientific name of the subclass the leach belonged to.
22) A pattern of locomotion where the body undulates like a snake is known as
____________________________ locomotion.
23) The segmentation or serial homology in annelids – particularly during
development is known as ___________________________.
24) The annelids use ___________________________________ to excrete wastes.
25) A single unit in a compound eye is known as a(n)
_____________________________________.
Definitions (24 Points): Define the following terms. It is sometimes useful to include
diagrams with your definitions.
26) Hypodermic impregnation
27) Paedomorphic Characteristic
28) Dioecious
29) Cloaca
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30) Peristomium
31) Pygidium
32) Thigmotactic
33) Basement Membrane
34) Clitellum
35) Statocyst
36) Tegument
37) Scolex
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Short Answers (36 Points): Provide brief answers to the following questions. Diagrams
may be useful.
38) Describe two ways that rotifers move.
39) What is developmental polymorphism – what is an animal that uses it and why?
40) Describe the circulatory system in a sessile and errant Polychaete.
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41) Although blastocoelomates tend to look very different, they do share many
characteristics. Describe three characteristics they share.
42) Tradigrada are extremely tough little blighters. Part of their toughness is based on
the fact that they have two dormant stages. Name to two stages and the
appropriate term relating to a dramatically slowed metabolic rate and an unmeasurable metabolic rate.
43) Explain three reasons why segmentation is such an important evolutionary step.
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44) Describe the general path for urine formation in an animal that uses
metanephridia. If you want, you can choose a specific animal.
45) From the phylum Arthropoda, class malacostraca, pick three orders and briefly
describe them.
46) On this schematic drawing of a crustacean limb, label the segments.
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Essay Questions (20 Points): Answer these questions providing as much detail as
possible. Once again, diagrams may be useful to you.
47) Crustaceans are an extremely successful group of invertebrates. There are many
factors that make them successful – including flexibility in appendage
construction and use, their ridged exoskeletons, their ability to quickly exploit a
new environment…..
a. On the diagram below label
i. Segments
ii. Protective covering over segments
iii. Head appendages (there are three)
iv. Head/Trunk appendages (there are two here)
v. Trunk appendages (five)
vi. Abdominal appendages (seven)
b. Briefly explain three ways in which crustaceans get around (locomotion)
c. Briefly describe the hormonal control of a molt cycle in a crustacean.
d. Briefly describe the three stages that occur in indirect development
i. How is their development similar or dissimilar to an annelids
development?
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48) Both of our recent group discussion had a great deal to do with invertebrates
overcoming obstacles in order to successfully reproduce. Based on these
discussions:
a. What are three problems that endoparasites face in terms of reproduction?
i. Using examples from our discussion, how do they overcome each
of these obstacles?
b. Horseshoe crabs avoid predation by laying their eggs out of the water.
This behavior creates the problem of needing eggs to hatch at the right
time. List four cues that Limulus uses to trigger hatching.
i. Describe why each of the cues is useful.
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