P AR T I CI P AN T S
B I O G R AP H I E S & AB S T R AC T S
FILIPA CORREIA is an Economic Affairs Officer at the Office of the Executive Secretary
of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
in Santiago de Chile, where she follows current economic and social issues at the
international and regional level and assists in drafting institutional documents and in intraagency issues. Ms. Correia started work at ECLAC in January 2005 in the Economic
Development Division, where she worked on capital flows in the region and the economy of
Paraguay. Previously, Ms. Correia worked as a Research Assistant at the Catholic University
of Leuven, Belgium, from January 2000 to April 2004, researching mostly asymmetries of the
European Monetary Union and the monetary policy of the European Central Bank. Ms.
Correia got her Master of Science in Economics degree from the Catholic University of
Leuven in June 2001 and started research for a Ph.D. degree at the same University in
September 2001, analyzing the interactions between asset prices and monetary policy and
modeling the term structure of interest rates with learning expectations. From October 2001
to February 2002, Ms. Correia took an internship at the European Central Bank, where she
studied the counterparts of monetary aggregates in the Euro area. She completed her
graduate studies in Economics at the Universidade Nova of Lisbon, Portugal, her home
country. Ms. Correia has published on the monetary policy of the European Central Bank
and the enlargement of the EMU, and on the causes of the sub-prime crisis in the United
States and financial regulation and supervision.
“Creating Inclusive Financial Systems for Development through GPPP and
the Role of the United Nations as the Global Partner”
Global public-private partnerships (GPPP) have long been arrangements embraced by the
United Nations as a way to overcome the difficulty felt by any of the individual stakeholders
to successfully engage in large scale projects, which are essential for the people they intend
to benefit. Calling for global engagement, consensus and commitment becomes ever more
urgent in the context of the current global economic and financial crisis. This research on
creating inclusive financial systems for development by means of GPPP aiming at fostering
development in poorer areas and countries, with the United Nations as the global partner, is
developed in the context of the Millennium Declaration and the Monterrey Consensus. The
different incentives of the partners needed to succeed in fostering inclusive financial systems
for development indicate that a GPPP may be a valuable way to make things work due to the
possibility of incentive alignment in balancing the combination of the different contributions
and returns of the different partners. In this context, the United Nations can play an important
role as the incentive balancing partner. But several questions arise dealing with the
effectiveness and capability of the instruments at its disposal: What are the instruments
available to the United Nations to deal with market failures in a GPPP for inclusive financial
systems for development? How can the United Nations monitor and evaluate projects under
a GPPP and can the experience in peacekeeping missions be of value for this assessment?
How effective can the role of the Global Compact be in aligning private corporate incentives
with social welfare? What are the limitations of the United Nations as a global partner in such
a GPPP?
DEMOSTHENES CHRYSSIKOS was born in Athens, Greece, on 25 May 1970. He
holds a law degree (1993), a post graduate diploma in criminal sciences (1996) and a Ph.D.
in International Criminal Law (2002) (University of Athens, Law Faculty). He was awarded
the Academy of Athens prize for his Ph.D. dissertation on human rights protection in the
context of extradition proceedings (2002). He is an attorney-at-law, licensed to practice in
Greece and a member of the Athens Bar Association since 1995. He first joined the United
Nations in 1996 under a fellowship programme supported by the Greek Government and
worked until 1998 at the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Vienna), in its previous
incarnation as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention. He re-joined the United
Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in 2003, providing his services as a Crime Prevention
and Criminal Justice Officer in its Division for Treaty Affairs (Crime Conventions Section;
Corruption and Economic Crime Section) ever since. His responsibilities include the
preparation of the travaux préparatoires of the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organized Crime and the Protocols thereto (already published) and the
travaux préparatoires of the United Nations Convention against Corruption; the elaboration of
model legislation on extradition and mutual assistance in criminal matters; and the provision
of technical assistance to Member States particularly in the area of international cooperation
in criminal matters. He is involved in the activities of the Office for the promotion of the
ratification and implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational
Organized Crime and its Protocols and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, as
well as in the work of the Office relating to cybercrime and environmental crime. He is also
member of a roster of designated experts assigned to provide ad hoc legal advisory services
to the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court on issues related to
international criminal law, international criminal procedure and evidence and international
humanitarian law.
“Public-Private Partnerships as a Vehicle to Implement Recommendations
in the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Field: Targeting Corruption,
Cybercrime and Identity-related Crime”
The research/policy paper will focus on the examination of the current structures and future
possibilities of public-private cooperation in dealing with specific crime issues that have
acquired a prominent place on the international crime prevention and criminal justice agenda
in recent years. In this context, the potential of the “3Ps” (“Public-Private Partnerships”) in the
fight against corruption, cybercrime and identity-related crime will be considered. In the area
of corruption, the paper will first make reference to the United Nations Convention against
Corruption (UNCAC), which is the first global legally binding instrument against corruption in
both public and private sectors. It will then focus on the efforts to implement the 10th
Principle of the Global Compact (“business should work against corruption in all its forms,
including bribery and extortion”) in line with the UNCAC and the mandates of its Conference
of the States Parties. It will further highlight the work of the United Nations Office on Drugs
and Crime to promote the anti-corruption agenda at the international level through the
enhancement of partnerships with the private sector. In the field of cybercrime, the paper will
attempt to outline ways and means to achieve mutual understanding of the roles and
responsibilities of both industry and law enforcement authorities in the fight against this form
of crime. In this connection, it will also refer to concrete examples of formal and informal
technical support and intelligence-sharing partnerships between the private sector and law
enforcement authorities. With regard to identity-related crime, the paper will consider areas
of action where the cooperation between the public and the private sector can prove to be
productive and effective, such as the development and implementation of preventive
measures and the provision of technical assistance.
VASUDHA DHINGRA is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Political Science,
University of Delhi, India. She is researching on the institutional responses of the World Bank
and the World Trade Organization to the global women’s and environmental movements in
the broader context of global governance. She did her M.Phil. in international organization at
the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She wrote her
dissertation on “Convergence and divergence in the relationship between the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank.” Ms. Dhingra holds a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree
in Political Science. Her academic interests include international political economy, human
development, human rights, global and urban governance, and international organizations.
She has worked in various capacities with several NGOs including UNICEF India and
Amnesty International India. She was research assistant at the Institute of Social Sciences,
New Delhi and research fellow at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (Gujarat,
India) for a Ford Foundation-funded action-research project to study the impact of
globalization on service delivery for the vulnerable sections in urban India. She also provides
part-time research assistance. Ms. Dhingra has presented papers on a variety of themes in
some of the renowned research institutes in India.
“Redefining Global Public-Private Partnerships: Understanding the
engagement of the World Bank with the global women’s movement through
the lens of ‘complex multilateralism’”
Global public-private partnerships (GPPPs) have come to define contemporary global governance
processes. The state-dominated international organizations have opened up to collaborate with
private actors for efficient delivery of services. A common misgiving with the concept of publicprivate partnerships is that the ‘private’ is more often than not identified with the market alone. Civil
society has often been accorded much less importance for engaging in such kinds of partnerships.
The paper highlights some of the main criticisms against collaborations with the market in favour of
a greater role for the civil society actors in partnering with -international financial institutions. A core
argument underlying the stress on civil society is the need to look beyond the service delivery role
to also emphasize the importance of ‘participation’ as an objective of GPPPs. For this, redefining
the concept becomes vital. In this context, the paper explores the idea of ‘complex multilateralism’
propounded by Robert O’Brien et al, and tries to understand the ‘partnership’ between the World
Bank and the ‘global’ women’s movement from a view different from that of conventional GPPPs.
RONALD KAKUNGULU-MAYAMBALA is a Doctor of the Science of Law (S.J.D.)
Candidate at the University of Arizona College of Law, Tucson, USA. Until May 2008, he was
a Graduate Teaching & Research Assistant at the Faculty of Law, University of British
Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada before enrolling for his Doctorate in Law Degree at the
University of Arizona. He is an Assistant Lecturer with the Human Rights & Peace Centre
(HURIPEC), Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda. He has undertaken research and
published in the areas of Human Rights and Good Governance, Intellectual Property Rights,
Biotechnology and Biosafety Policy, Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) Law
more particularly Internet Censorship/governance and freedom of expression/Cyber
democracy (cyberspace law) and Electronic Commerce. He holds a Master of Laws Degree
(LLM) from Lund University, Sweden and the WIPO Worldwide Academy, Geneva,
Switzerland; a Bachelor of Laws degree (LLB) from Makerere University and a Post
Graduate Diploma in Legal Practice (Dip. LP.) from the Law Development Centre, Kampala,
Uganda. He is also an Advocate of the High Court of Uganda and East Africa.
“The Role of Global Public Private Partnerships in the Promotion and
Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Human Rights and Fundamental
Freedoms in Africa”
This research discusses how Global PPP can be used to uplift the lives of indigenous
peoples in Africa. The role of Global PPP and their increasing prominence in enhancing the
promotion and protection of indigenous peoples’ rights, especially in the African context is
more recent and less well understood. The relationship between Global PPP has emerged at
both the global and regional level in recent years mainly due to the inability of local
governments especially in the developing countries of Africa, to deliver certain much needed
services and the paucity of resources available to intergovernmental organizations to meet
the socio-economic, environmental and human security demands of indigenous peoples, not
only in Africa but the world over. The desire on the part of governments and international
organizations, like the United Nations and the World Bank, to use existing private networks
for service delivery instead of duplicating them with public ones and the need to tap into the
expertise that private entities such as academia and NGOs [the two constituencies to which I
belong] can bring to certain projects cannot be underestimated. In this paper, I review the
extent to which Global PPP have been effective in enhancing indigenous peoples’ rights in
Africa with some illustrations from Asia and Latin America. At a time of global economic
downturn, indigenous peoples [being at the lowest economic and social development] in
Africa as is the case in the rest of the world, expect Global PPP to become increasingly
attractive to both public and private sectors so as to uplift the lives of Africa’s indigenous
peoples.
JALIA KANGAVE is a Ph.D. Candidate in the Faculty of Law at the University of British
Columbia (UBC). Her Ph.D. thesis analyzes the role that international law plays in
infrastructure projects in Third World countries, specifically Sub-Saharan Africa, and how this
law incorporates grassroots interests. She uses a hydropower project in Uganda as her case
study. Before joining UBC, Jalia was a lecturer of commercial law at Kampala International
University where she taught Revenue Law and Taxation, the Law of Contracts and Banking
Law. She also worked as a Tax Consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers, Uganda, where
she analyzed tax policies and recommended tax law amendments, participated in the review
of local government business-levy laws and was a Regional Contributor to the World Bank’s
“Doing Business” publications. Jalia strives to contribute to and push for investment policies
that are geared towards ensuring that the poor in the Third World are included in investment
decisions and benefit from the same. To this end, she analyzes investment laws;
international guidelines and standards having a social and economic impact; international
conventions of International Financial Institutions such as the World Bank; and projectspecific documents. She focuses on development projects and general tax policy in SubSaharan Africa, particularly, East Africa.
“Exploring the Future Impact and Benefit Agreements in Development
Projects: Suggestions for International Financial Institutions
If the interaction between International Financial Institutions (IFIs) and Third World countries
has historically been significant, then one can expect that with the ongoing global financial
crisis, this interaction will gain even more currency since Third World governments and
private parties investing in these countries will likely turn more to IFIs such as the World
Bank to finance numerous expenditures, including development projects. Unfortunately, for
many Third World peoples, an increase in investments in development projects does not
always translate into an improvement in the livelihood of many, especially project-affected
communities. While IFIs have produced guidelines and standards as part of their lending
packages, and while these standards have largely incorporated social and environmental
concerns, it remains evident that such guidelines have too frequently been reduced to checklists for satisfying compliance requirements and rarely translate into meaningful practical
applications. Also, these standards place most emphasis on impact assessments, with
benefit schemes taking a peripheral importance since it is many times assumed that such
developments will have an almost automatic trickle-down effect. In this policy research
paper, I will propose the inclusion of Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) in IFI lending
packages since these agreements facilitate more meaningful benefits for local communities
living in project-affected areas. IBAs are gaining momentum in mineral resource
developments in countries such as Canada and Australia. These agreements facilitate
dialogue between mineral resource developers and indigenous/Aboriginal communities and
ensure that those most significantly affected by development projects are not only protected
against negative impacts, but also benefit from the projects.
SANDRA MANUELITO is Economic Affairs Officer, Economic Development Division,
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNECLAC).
She is author of the chapters on economic growth and investment, internal prices, and the
economic evolution of Venezuela for the documents Economic Survey of Latin America and
the Caribbean and Preliminary Overview of Latin America and the Caribbean, both published
on a yearly basis by ECLAC. From 2002 to 2003, in the Statistics and Economic Projections
Division at UNECLAC, she was responsible for the compilation and analysis of statistical
information related to economic activity, and for the organization of seminars related to the
subject of national accounts and tourism statistics. From 1995 to 2002, in the Economic
Projections Center at UNECLAC, she was involved in the elaboration of forecasts for main
macroeconomic variables for Latin American countries. Her main publications refer to
investigations in the areas of the current international financial crisis and banking regulation
and supervision, inflation and relative prices, national disposable income in Latin American
countries, the implementation of national accounts in Latin American countries, tourism,
Argentine currency convertibility and the use of leading indicators in Latin America. She
obtained an advanced degree in Economics from Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal,
and a Masters Degree in Economics and Public Policies from Universidad Adolfo Ibañez,
Chile.
“Local Institutions and Global Public-Private Partnerships: How Global Can
We Be?”
Global Public - Private Partnerships (GPPP) have gained the attention of international
organizations and intergovernmental agencies in the last few years. They are seen by these
organizations as a means to perform their mandates in a more efficient way, avoiding
duplication of activities with both the private sector and national governments, pursuing at
the same time risk sharing and best value for money. The selection of the actors involved in
GPPP depends not only on the technical capabilities of the actors, but also on the possibility
that they can perform at their best in different environments. In this sense, the selection of
the actors to be involved in a GPPP is not trivial, since it conditions the expected outcome of
the partnership. Moreover, different actors may have different objectives and may be
accountable to different stakeholders. The local institutional environment is one of the
relevant issues to consider at the time of defining the most suitable actors to become
partners in these alliances, since public policies have to adapt to local environments. This
research addresses the issue of the relevance of local institutions, both formal and informal,
to investigate if different local institutions generate the accomplishment of different outcomes
by Global Public - Private Partnerships (GPPP) in which the United Nations engages, and if
they pose restrictions on the type of actors that should be counterparts of the United Nations.
LUCINDA O'HANLON is a lawyer working as a Human Rights Officer at the UN Office of
the High Commissioner for Human Rights. She works with the Independent Expert on the
issue of human rights obligations related to access to safe drinking water and sanitation.
Since joining the OHCHR in 2004, her jobs have included working with the Human Rights
Council on behalf of the special procedures system and working on the issues of violence
against women, gender and sexual orientation. Prior to joining the Office, she worked at the
World Organisation against Torture as a Programme Officer in the Violence against Women
Programme, as well as in the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Programme. At Fordham
Law School in New York, she was Editor-in-Chief of the International Law Journal and she
devoted her thesis (called a Note) to examining the accountability of a multinational diamond
company for trading in conflict diamonds.
“Global PPPS in the Water Sector: The Value of Human Rights Analysis”
Nearly one in six people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water, including for
personal and domestic uses, leading to the deaths of about 1.6 million people each year,
mostly children under the age of 5. In the sectors of water and sanitation, the issue of
privatization and public-private partnerships are at the heart of a heated debate. Proponents
of public-private partnerships especially emphasize that such arrangements are more
efficient and cost effective. Opponents of such partnerships express concerns about rising
prices and lack of accountability. This project will argue that a human rights based approach,
which places value on certain principles such as participation, access to information,
accountability, transparency, equality and non-discrimination, and uses human rights law as
its normative framework, would be a useful tool in addressing the concerns surrounding
public private partnerships in this area. The human right to water entitles everyone to safe,
sufficient, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic
uses. With this human rights understanding in mind, the roles and responsibilities of different
actors, such as Governments, private actors, and IFIs, will be examined, as well as the
opportunities and challenges of public-private partnerships to enhance enjoyment of the right
to water.
WILLIAM ONZIVU is a Lecturer in Law at Bradford University Law School, School of
Management, University of Bradford in the United Kingdom. At the law school, he teaches
and is module leader for environmental law, leads another module on constitutional,
administrative and human rights law as well as teaching on the contract law and legal skills
courses on the LLB. He has contributed to the development and teaching of international
law in both the LLB and forthcoming LLM programmes. He has taught as a visiting lecturer at
the Universities of Pretoria in South Africa and Surrey in the United Kingdom. . Previously,
he was a Legal Officer (2000-2007) and a Global Health Leadership Fellow (1999) with the
World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva, Switzerland where among several other
responsibilities, he worked extensively and provided legal support to the development,
monitoring and implementation of international health law notably the WHO Framework
Convention on Tobacco Control and other cross-cluster global health legal initiatives at
WHO. He worked on WHO interagency initiatives with several United Nations Agencies and
other international organizations. He also provided in-country legal technical assistance in
the review, development and implementation of domestic legislation to promote public health
in over 50 Member States of the World Health Organization, the majority of them from the
global south. William graduated with a Master of Laws (LLM) degree (with merit) from the
London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom (1998) and a Bachelor
of Laws (LLB) degree from Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda (1996). Among
postgraduate studies completed, he attended the Summer Public Health Institute, Harvard
University and a certificate in Higher Education practice at the University of Bradford and
Fellowship of the UK Higher Education Academy. He has published on aspects of global
health law, environmental law, international economic law and general international law and
maintains active research interest on issues in these areas of law.
“(Re) conceiving rights based approaches to governance in public private
partnerships in global health”
The increase in global public health threats such as the recent global swine flu epidemic,
HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and others that require resource intensive responses
continues to draw a plethora of public and private actors working cooperatively to address
the health challenges. The United Nations and its member agencies and States have
promoted global Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) to provide resources to promote global
public health. However, PPPs have been criticised for furthering private commercial
interests, undermining social goals, promoting regulatory capture of global policy and lacking
effective governance frameworks. This paper explores rights based approaches as a
framework for strengthening governance of public –private partnerships in global public
health by answering some questions: why and how is international human rights law
applicable to PPPs and which rights are relevant? How can we posit international human
rights approaches to the operational aspects of PPPs and what actual and potential
mechanisms can effectively incorporate human rights into the functioning of PPPs, what role
can adaptive and nodal governance play in advancing the options? The paper will also
comprise a human rights review of governance in the context of one or two of selected
global health PPPs such as the Global Fund to fight HIV AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria,
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization(GAVI), Stop TB Initiative and Roll Back
MalariaThe paper will recommend options for a legal/normative framework that incorporates
rights based approaches to cooperative and adaptive governance of global health public
private partnerships. This will help to address some of the criticisms that have plagued the
conduct of global health public private partnerships and advance options for a normative
framework that will improve their governance.
ANNETT RICHTER has been working with the UNESCO Africa Department in Paris since
2004, where she served as a Focal Point for African Member States. She graduated from the
Diplomatic Academy of London/ University of Westminster with a Masters degree in
Diplomatic Studies and International Relations. She has participated in training programs
from the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow as well as
from the LSE-Peking University exchange program on China’s Foreign Policy in Beijing. As a
PhD candidate at the Ecole doctorale of l’Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po),
her research concentrates on the reform process on UN system-wide coherence « Delivering
as One » and its influence on the international development cooperation system, particularly
with regard to the dynamics of regional and international economic and social integration
processes.
“Delivering as One” or “Unis dans l’action”: What happens to Global Public
- Private Partnerships?
Global Public-Private Partnerships (GPPS) are mushrooming on a large scale in different
sectors. Mainly conceptualized from a global governance perspective (top-down),
GPPPs/PPPs are offering to public government bodies an increasing spectrum of activities,
differing in nature, form and size of services. However, facing global challenges depends
very much on the management of local challenges since they are an integral part of global
spectrum. Based on the country-ownership principle (Paris Declaration 2005, bottom-up
approach), the endorsed One UN reform on system-wide coherence, “Delivering as One,” is
designed to maximize coherence of programme activities and management structures
between UN agencies at national, regional and inter-agency level. The bottom-up and topdown strategies need to be coherent to capitalize on the Organization’s efficiency and those
of its partners. Looking at existing GPPPs/PPPs, the paper reflects on the state-of-the-art of
the UN system-wide reform process “Delivering as One.” It examines different aid delivery
mechanisms at national and regional levels and questions how GPPPs/PPPs’ expertise,
resources and know-how could be incorporated wisely into the reform process. It outlines the
shared interest of governments and UN country teams in GPPPs/PPPs and advocates
acknowledging their specific role in the development and social welfare-creating process.
The paper finally emphasizes the “unis dans l’action” approach (united in action/to act) as a
catalyst for advancing economic and social integration. With the ongoing reform, the United
Nations system has the opportunity to incorporate the inclusiveness principle by providing
appropriate national, regional and international cooperation frameworks and hence take the
responsibility to perform its global mandate as outlined in the UN Charter.
DELPHINE SCHANTZ graduated from the Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Strasbourg
(France), and currently serves as Money-Laundering Adviser and Team Manager of the
Global Programme against Money Laundering, Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of
Terrorism (GPML) as part of the Law Enforcement, Organized Crime and Anti-Money
Laundering Unit (LEOCAMLU) of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
She provides technical assistance on the development of legal and institutional anti-money
laundering frameworks for requesting States and backstops the work and priority of action of
GPML field advisers. She also provides substantive advice to relevant UN Bodies such as
the Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND) and the Crime Commission. Prior to joining
GPML, Ms. Schantz worked at the Legal Advisory Programme of the UNODC. She obtained
a Master’s Degree in International Law from the Law University of Paris, Panthéon-Assas
(France).
“PP Partnerships to Facilitate Access to Financial Services in Cash-based
Economy Countries”
Governments in the developing world face numerous obstacles before them while trying to
access the international financial system. Trade and commerce function principally on the
use of cash, thus being defined as a cash-based economy. Generally micro financing has
been successful in supporting and facilitating the development of the small businesses of the
very poor. However, in order for the developing world to strengthen its economic engine it
must develop a positive relationship with the financial community. This requires building a
partnership which allows the community to grow while at the same time ensuring that the
financial system and economic sector is reliable. The banking community can be a vehicle
for positive change in developing countries if they are encouraged and assisted in taking
appropriate risks to support domestic growth while complying with international standards. In
fact one of the biggest challenges while addressing the public and private sector is the
prevention of money-laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF) within the financial
community of the developing world. Reconciling the formal and informal economies can only
be achieved through the good will and partnership of the public and private sectors. If such a
partnership is successfully achieved in jurisdictions that have initiated this process, it could
then serve as an example for other countries to follow.
DENISE SUMPF received her Masters and her Doctoral degree (summa cum laude) from
the European Business School in Oestrich-Winkel (Germany). After working as a consultant
for the private sector, she joined the United Nations in 2005 and has worked since then in
Bangkok (Thailand), Suva (Fiji) and New York (USA). Denise has experience in academic
research (e.g. strategic management, decision-making problems) and professional
experience in the field of transport (infrastructure and facilitation) as well as sustainable
development.
“The Role of Global PPPs for Disaster Reduction for Small Island
Developing States in the Pacific”
The growing importance of global public-private partnerships is due to more limited public
budgetary resources as well as limited public sector management capacity. Developing
countries can greatly benefit from sharing these financial, operating, technical and other
burdens that constrain the amount of investment in and delivery of necessary public services
with private sector actors. However, the use of public-private partnerships (PPPs)
notwithstanding global PPPs for development in small island developing states (SIDS) in the
Pacific, is only slowly gaining pace. The research paper looks at the current role of global
PPPs in SIDS. For example, the government of the Fiji Islands is pioneering the PPP
approach for infrastructure development on a national level and aims to achieve the vision of
"A better Fiji for all." The objective of the paper is to identify additional areas where global
PPPs could foster development in SIDS.
ROLANDO M. TOMASINI (Venezuela) is Program Leader at the INSEAD Humanitarian
Research Group and Lecturer at the Copenhagen Business School. His work focuses on the
humanitarian supply chain and the collaboration with the private sector to improve
performance. He is author of several award-winning cases, articles, reports and a book
(Humanitarian Logistics, Palgrave MacMillan 2009) based on his secondments and
consultancy projects with UN agencies (WFP, UNHCR, and UNJLC) and global companies
(TNT, Agility, Kuehnen+Nagel, GlaxoSmithKline among others). He frequently participates in
the global debate on Corporate Social Responsibility and Public-Private Partnerships
through invitations and expert consultations. Fluent in Spanish, English, and French, Mr.
Tomasini holds a Masters of International Business from Florida International University and
is currently working on his Ph.D. at Hanken School of Economics in Finland.
“Humanitarian-Private Partnerships as Events-based Networks
Like the literature on networks, the discussion of public private partnerships (PPP) has been
moving from a focus on the actors toward a focus on the process and structures that allow
those actors to work together in different capacities. This trend leads the discussion into the
issue of governance to explore under what circumstances and conditions do actors in a
network form partnerships, and more importantly are these partnerships efficient in driving
value? By focusing on the process, greater attention is given to events that define which
actors will be active in the network/partnership. In this paper, events are defined as the
humanitarian relief operations following a disaster (trigger event). Events will vary in
magnitude, nature, and location thus demanding a different set of resources, skills, and
actors every time. The process focus also places greater attention on flexible agreements
between a set of actors including the private sector, rather than one-on-one agreements
where the purpose is built around the common interests of the partners as opposed to the
actual needs of the communities.
LOUISE WALKER is a PhD Candidate in the department of Politics and International
Studies at the University of Warwick. Her research focuses on the global-to-local policy
relationship among the Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria, the World Health
Organization and the countries of Uganda and Tanzania with a focus on health system
implications. She brings to her research over 15 years experience as a consultant to the public
and private sectors. Her clients include the World Bank, the Multilateral Investment Guarantee
Agency (MIGA), the IFC (infoDev), the largest publicly funded health care system in North
America and several large financial services institutions. Her consulting practice focuses on
strategy, program monitoring and evaluation and large scale organisation change. Ms. Walker
has a BFA (Honours) from York University, Canada and an MBA from the University of
Toronto’s Rotman School of Management.
“Global Health Initiatives: Assessing Impact in Complex Systems”
This paper examines the challenge of undertaking evaluation of global health programmes
given the complex systems in which they operate. The paper highlights the interconnectedness
of the global health architecture related to infectious disease focusing on the Global Fund to
Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (The Global Fund) and the extensive evaluation it
undertook of its organisation, partnerships and programme impact between 2007 and 2009.
Specifically, the paper highlights some of the strategic challenges faced by the Global Fund,
the theoretical evolution of development evaluation and the capacity of the discipline to address
these challenges and how the Global Fund’s Five-Year Evaluation attempted to do so. The
paper draws some conclusions on the practice of development evaluation particularly with
respect to assessing impact in complex systems.
MICHAEL WIENER works as a Human Rights Officer in the Special Procedures Division
of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva,
Switzerland. Since November 2006, he has been assisting the United Nations Special
Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, including during seven country missions of the
mandate-holder. In 2006, he completed his Doctoral thesis (summa cum laude) on
institutional, procedural and substantive legal issues of the Special Rapporteur’s mandate.
He passed the German bar exam in 2003 and holds a LL.M. degree from the University of
London (United Kingdom, 2001). From 1995 to 2000 he studied law at the Universities of
Trier (Germany) and Lausanne (Switzerland). He has published on international human
rights law and national constitutional law.
“PPPS between the United Nations and Religious Communities: Pros
versus Potential Pitfalls”
Most global Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are currently established with business
corporations or philanthropic foundations as private partners, while only few UN entities
seem to be engaged so far in global PPPs with religious communities or faith-based NGOs.
Neither the advantages nor the potential problems of global PPPs between the United
Nations and religious communities have yet been fully analyzed or explored in practice. On
the one hand, there are a number of examples for possible advantages, e.g. the opportunity
to use the existing networks, goodwill and human resources of religious communities during
a crisis situation. On the other hand, several potential problems need to be carefully
considered when devising any public-private partnership with religious communities, for
example the challenge of how to guarantee neutrality, non-discrimination and impartiality
when the United Nations selects faith-based private partners for global PPPs. The research
proposal addresses the questions whether such an approach of global PPPs between the
United Nations and religious communities is desirable in principle and, if so, according to
which modalities the ensuing institutional issues should be tackled. Since cooperation is
often situation-specific, its desirability should be examined on a case-by-case basis. In some
situations it would not be advisable to implement global PPPs with religious communities due
to the serious risk of jeopardizing the United Nations’ principles; however, in other situations,
the choice whether or not to cooperate with religious communities has already been taken by
Member States or is implied by the very nature of the task. In order to devise safeguards
against any misuse or adverse effects for the United Nations, the research proposal finally
draws up some Guiding Principles for Global Public-Private Partnerships between the UN
and Religious Communities. These five draft Guiding Principles build upon the SecretaryGeneral’s Guidelines on Cooperation between the United Nations and the Business
Community of 17 July 2000, adding pertinent ideas from other more specific and recent
guiding principles with a view to addressing the specificities of global PPPs with religious
communities.
XIAOHUI WU is a Political Affairs Officer in the Department of Political Affairs of the United
Nations Secretariat. Before that, she was a joint fellow of the International Security Program
and the Project on Managing the Atom at the Belfer Center for Science and International
Affairs at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Prior to joining Harvard
University, she was a diplomat serving as the Director of the Political and Press Division in
the Embassy of China to Singapore and the chief analyst of the Asian Department of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China. Her work covered China's diplomacy with Asian
countries and foreign policy analysis focusing on Asia-Pacific political and security issues,
multilateralism, and conflict resolution. She has published articles in the Washington
Quarterly, the Non-Proliferation Review, Aspenia, Asian Affairs, and Politika, and her op-eds
have appeared in the New York Times, the Financial Times, the International Herald Tribune,
the Wall Street Journal Asia, the Los Angeles Times, the Philadelphia Inquirer, the Boston
Globe, Time Asia magazine, the San Francisco Chronicle, the Miami Herald, the Providence
Journal, China Daily, the Bangkok Post, the Korea Times, the Korea Herald, etc. She
received her MPA degree as an Edward S. Mason Fellow of Harvard University’s Kennedy
School of Government.
“Strengthening Global PPP for Conflict Prevention and Resolution”
There is a need for incentives and proposals for the private sector to become more actively
involved in conflict prevention and resolution. The international community including the
United Nations must work with relevant stakeholders to provide recommendations and
guidance on the expected role and responsibilities of the private sector in conflict situations.
Initiatives that encourage and support the private sector implementing conflict prevention and
resolution strategies would generate greater global interest in the business of peace. The
case study on youth unemployment in West Africa, a ticking time bomb for the region,
attempts to examine how PPP can best work in post-conflict situations and in preventing
conflict from lapsing and relapsing, because conflict prevention and resolution can only be
achieved through the establishment of stability in the targeted regions, creating an
environment for sustainable development while promoting global harmony. Through the case
study of how to unleash West Africa’s potential of a young and dynamic workforce through
effective PPP and thereby contributing to effective conflict prevention and resolution in the
region, the paper intends to add value to the examination and finding of solutions to the
following challenges: 1) how can the UN help to make peace and security a priority on the
social responsibility agenda of international business groups, multinational companies and
national private sectors, while in the meantime accommodating the private sector’s need for
more business opportunities and making profits? 2) How can the UN motivate prominent
international corporations in developed countries to play a more active role in conflict
prevention and resolution in developing countries particularly in the Least Developed
Countries by being willing to give? 3) How can the U.N. inspire rising corporations in conflictfree developing countries to become more engaged in PPP for mitigating conflicting
situations in other parts of the developing world? 4) How can the UN further promote a
culture of global PPP for peace and security through some of its profound experiences such
as addressing youth unemployment in West Africa?