IHDP-IT Publication 1998
Regional Workshops
Summary Reports from the 8 IT-Regional Workshops
Conducted in 1998
Prepared for distribution at the IT-Open Science Meeting
February 25-26
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
IHDP
International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change
1
IHDP-Industrial Transformation
The IHDP's Industrial Transformation (IT) Project is designing a new research
framework aimed at understanding the societal mechanisms and human driving forces
that could facilitate a transformation of the industrial system towards sustainability. An
extensive and inter-disciplinary network of researchers developed during 1996-1997 by
the IHDP research project on Industrial Transformation led to the establishment of a
Scientific Planning Committee in October 1997, which will prepare the Industrial
Transformation Science Plan. Eight regional workshops have been held in 1998 to assist
in the preparation of the Science Plan and to identify potential global and regional
priority research projects.
IHDP-IT Scientific Planning Committee
Pier Vellinga, Chair of SPC-IT, Institute for Environmental Studies,
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
David P. Angel, Clark University (USA)
Theo J.N.M. de Bruijn, Technical University Twente (The
Netherlands)
Cutler J. Cleveland, Boston University (USA)
Jacqueline M. Cramer, Tilburg University (The Netherlands)
Sukehiro Gotoh, National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan)
Rajendra K. Pachauri, Tata Energy Research Institute (India)
Gerhard Scherhorn, Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and
Energy (Germany)
Robert H. Socolow, Princeton University (USA)
Charles Vlek, Groningen University (The Netherlands)
Thomasz Zylicz, Warsaw Ecological Economics Center (Poland)
Further information on IHDP-IT can be obtained from
Pier Vellinga at the Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
Tel: (+31 20) 4449515
Fax: (+31 20) 4449553
E-mail:pier.vellinga@ivm.vu.nl
website: http://www.vu/nl/ivm/hdp/hdp.htm
 1998, SPC IHDP-IT
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ........................................................................................................4
Introduction ...............................................................................................5
1. Regional Workshop for Eastern Europe (March 26-27, 1998,
Laxenburg, Austria) .................................................................................6
2. Regional Workshop for South Asia (April 4-5, 1998, New Delhi,
India) ..........................................................................................................9
3. Regional Workshop for East Asia (June 24-25, 1998, Kita-Kyushu,
Japan) ....................................................................................................13
4. Regional Workshop for South-East Asia (July 28-30, 1998,
Bangkok, Thailand) .............................................................................17
5. Regional workshop for Western Europe (October 13, 1998,
Brussels, Belgium) ................................................................................20
6. Regional Workshop for North America (September, 24-25, 1998,
Boston, MA, USA) ................................................................................24
7. Regional Workshop for Latin America (November 12-13, 1998,
São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil) .......................................................30
8. Regional Workshop for Africa (November 16-17, 1998, Nairobi,
Kenya) ................................................................................................35
3
Preface
The organisation and conducting of 8 Regional Workshops was a tremendous
undertaking and the first of its kind for an IHDP Science Project. The outcomes of
these workshops have provided an extensive amount of input, and has formed the
basis for the development of the IT-Science Plan, and the organisation of the IT-Open
Science Meeting (February 25-26, 1999, Amsterdam, the Netherlands).
First of all, our sponsors and local hosts deserve our utmost appreciation and thanks
for their financial and organisational assistance in the holding of these workshops:
ENRICH, START, APN, the City of Kita-Kyushu, IGES, UNEP, US-NSF, Boston
University, IAI, Brazilian National Academy of Sciences, Brazilian Human
Dimensions Programme (HDP), TERI, IIASA, and EU-DG XII.
I would like to extend my personal thanks to all members of the IT-Scientific
Planning Committee, without whose dedication and leadership, the 8 workshops
would never had occurred. In addition, special mention goes to Robert Socolow for
his high level of involvement in and commitment to the whole process. Finally, I
wish to honour the over 240 participants who took part in this major international
process. Your dedication and inspiration to the field of Industrial Transformation will
prove the guiding force of this project for years to come.
Pier Vellinga
Chair, IT-SPC
4
Introduction
This report represents a summary of the reports prepared by the chairs of each of the 8
IT-Regional Workshops which took place during 1998 in different regions of the
world. This report was prepared for distribution at the IT-Open Science Meeting
(February 25-26, 1999 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands). The full versions of these
reports are available from the IT office in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, or on the IT
website: http://www.vu/nl/ivm/hdp/hdp.htm
The major objectives of each workshop were as follows:
 To provide a regional perspective on the objectives, goals and priorities of the
IHDP-IT Draft Science Plan and IT Projects
 To provide key input for the Open Science Meeting on IHDP-IT to be held on
February 25-26, 1999 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
 To identify IT core research projects
i)
regional-specific projects
ii)
regional contributions to other projects
 To develop a network of regional IT researchers with links to existing relevant
regional networks and projects
The participants were provided with the Tentative Research Framework and the
Research Directions documents in advance of each workshop. In addition to regional
participants, participants from already concluded regional workshops were also
invited to participate, to provide continuity and linkages within the process.
As the reader will experience, the discussions at each workshop were both informal
and lively. Most included not only researchers, but representatives from business,
NGO and policy communities in each respective region. The workshops
demonstrated an deep interest and commitment to the issues of Industrial
Transformation and a willingness to work together to develop research projects,
whose results could play an important role in shaping the world of the future.
5
1. Regional Workshop for Eastern Europe (March 26-27, 1998,
Laxenburg, Austria)
Keynote Papers:
Macro-systems and Incentive Structures (Thomas Zylicz, Warsaw Ecological Economics
Centre)
In his presentation Zylicz discussed the role of economic instruments and the tensions
between a technological approach (such as technological standards) and an economic
approach to environmental problems. How can sectoral policies be implemented in such a
way that sector specific objectives can be reached without creating unwanted effects
elsewhere in the economy? Can economically less advanced countries avoid the mistakes
made by more developed countries? This question is particularly relevant for the countries
that are in the process of approximation towards the European Union (EU). In order to
become part of the EU these countries may have to adopt a number of outdated policy
instruments. IT in a period of approximation could be an interesting theme for future
research.
The Production System (Vladimir Dobes, Cleaner Production Centre, Prague, Czech
Republic)
Dobes illustrated how substance and material flows, emissions and wastes can be reduced
while the efficiency of production processes is increased. He explained how upstream, or
input oriented incentives are likely to be more effective than emission oriented incentives.
His presentation dealt with environmental management, cleaner production and
Environmental Management Systems (EMS). He highlighted the importance of the
psychological aspects of decision-making about environmental matters, not just by the
consumers, but in particular, the managers of companies. In his conclusions he mentioned the
high economic potential for Cleaner Production and identified „performance indicators“ and
„drivers for increase of efficiency“ as important topics for research.
The Consumption System (Zsuzsanna Lehocki, Budapest University of Economic Sciences,
Budapest, Hungary)
Lehocki explored the question of whether legal obligations can be assigned to consumers.
Because this is not likely nor politically feasible, other instruments will be needed, such as
product labelling, and other mechanisms to help consumers express their preferences. For
Eastern Europe (EE) specifically, she appointed income as a major determinant in consumer
choices: going for the cheapest instead of worrying about environmental aspects of products.
She mentioned six types of products/services as particularly relevant for consumer research:
energy use, passenger transport, water-use/wastewater services, use of packaging material,
recreation/tourism and the purchases of processed food. Typical EE characteristics that could
be considered are: low energy prices, few options available and little information. Lehocki
made a plea for research based on comparative analyses of policy instruments that aim to
influence consumer choices across a number of EE countries. A second research item could
be public transport financing schemes and the position/role of consumers in the about such
schemes.
Key Issues for IT in the Eastern European Region
 Environmental problems cannot be addressed in isolation. The IT agenda typically
reflects the notion that a number of ongoing transition processes should be considered
simultaneously such as the political and economic transition, demographic transitions,
transitions from command and control dominated policies to free market policies,
including the liberalisation of the utility sectors.
6

Financial services should be considered as an aspect, rather than an activity that in itself
affects the flow of substances and materials. As such, the position of this activity in the
IT research framework should be reconsidered.

Energy and Carbon Flows: EE is rich in mineral resources, so it is likely that raw
material processing will remain a major industrial activity serving a much larger part of
the world. EE is rich in natural resources with a high carbon content such as timber. As
carbon fluxes and climate change are directly related, the relation with GEC is obvious.
The topic of energy and carbon flows is slightly more narrow than the topic of energy and
material flows as all flows will be considered from the angle of carbon flows, in industrial
processes, in international transport, and with regard to the fluxes into/from the
atmosphere. The consumer angle is included in terms of energy end use and energy
pricing, and in terms of preferences for products with higher or lower carbon
storage/recycling capacity. An interesting part of such a research project could be the
role of recycling and international trade in secondary (recycled) materials such as waste
paper, timber and plastics, etc.

Transport and Mobility: This emerged as an important topic with a focus on passenger
transport. Major questions to be addressed are the trade-offs between collective
environmental quality and quality of life (in terms of clean air, stable climate,
biodiversity, etc.) and individual quality of life (mobility, status, freedom of movement,
etc.) and the choices regarding public and private transport in the field of policy
instruments and technological innovation and choices. As especially the technology and
some incentive aspects are international by nature and go beyond regions, a potential
project on this issue could be global in scope.

Restructuring of Heavy Industrialised Areas: Any agenda on IT should address this issue,
especially in the EE and Former Soviet Areas, such as Siberia, Lake Baikal and in the
Ukraine in general. In EE there are many areas with high concentrations of industrial
activity which very intensively use energy and raw materials. These areas are highly
polluted, like the Ruhr area or Pittsburgh in earlier days. A major challenge in EE now is
to adjust such production centres to changing demands and concerns. In many cases this
would mean a transformation from heavy intensive industry to automated clean/light
industry and/or information industries. Employment and de-pollution issues are major
societal and policy challenges in such transformation processes.
7
List of Participants:
Dr. Yurij M. Bazhal Institute of Economic
Forecasting Ukrainian National Academy of
Sciences Panasa Myrnogo, 26 252011 Kiev 11
UKRAINE Tel: (+380-44) 290 1234 Fax:
(+380-44) 290 8967 E-mail:
nam@nam.kiev.ua
Dr. Linas Cekanavicius Faculty of
Economics Vilnius University Sauletekio 9,
Bldg. 2, R.301 LT-2054 Vilnius LITHUANIA
Tel/Fax: (+370-2) 30 00 29 or Fax: (+370-2)
76 93 98 Email: Linas.Cekanavicius@ef.vu.lt
Prof. Alexander Dimitrov Director Institute
of Economics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
3, Aksakov Street 1040 Sofia BULGARIA
Tel: (+359-02) 875 879 Fax: (+359-02) 882
108 E-mail: a.dimitrov@iki.acad.bg
Dr. Vladimir Dobes Executive Director
Czech Cleaner Production Center Boticska 4
Prague 2 128 00 THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Tel: (+42 02) 24 91 91 48 E-mail:
dobes@cpc.cz
Prof. Roland J. Fuchs Director The
International START Secretariat 2000 Florida
Ave. NW Suite 200 Washington DC 20009
U.S.A. Tel: (001-202) 462 2213 Fax: (001202) 457 5859 E-mail:rfuchs@kosmos.agu.org
Dr. Jill Jaeger Birneckergasse 10 A-1210
Vienna Austria Tel: +43 1 263 2104 e-mail:
fuj.jaeger@magnet.at
Dr. Petr Jehlicka Charles University Petrska
3 CZ-110 00 Prague 1 CZECH REPUBLIC
Tel: (+420-2) 231 5334 Fax: (+420-2) 231
5324 E-mail: pjehlick@mail.natur.cuni.cz
Prof. Peter Kaderjak HIID Hungary
Roosevelt ter 7/8 164. szoba Budapest 1051
HUNGARY Tel: (+36-1) 312 4066 Fax: (+361) 331 5763 E-mail: kaderjak@hiid.datanet.hu
Ms. Tatiana Kluvankova Institute for
Forecasting Slovak Academy of Sciences
Sancova 56 811 05 Bratislava SLOVAK
REPUBLIC Fax: (+421-7) 395 029 E-mail:
tatiana@progeko.savba.sk
Prof. C. Gregory Knight College of Earth
and Mineral Sciences Pennsylvania State
University 302 Walker Building University
Park, PA 16803 U.S.A. Tel: (+1-814) 863
8571 Fax: (+1-814) 863 7943 E-mail:
cgk@psu.edu
Dr. Zsuzsanna Lehocki Budapest University
of Economic Sciences Department of MicroEconomy 1091 F"vam ter 8 H-1093 Budapest
HUNGARY Tel/Fax: (+36-1) 118 2154 Email:EAPP@mail.matav.hu
Acad. Dimitar Mishev President, National
Coordination Center for Global Change
(NCCGCh) Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
"Acad. G. Bonchev" Str. Bl.1 Institute of
Water Problems Sofia 1113 BULGARIA Tel:
(+359-2) 713 33 50 or 70 02 29, 713 24 38
(sec.) E-mail: mishev@vmsys.stil.acad.bg
Prof. Margarita Rotanova Department of
Economic and Social Geography Faculty of
Geography Moscow State University
Leninskie gory 119 899 Moscow RUSSIA Tel:
(+7-095) 939 2644 Fax: (+7-095) 932 8836
Dr. Josef Sejak Head of Environmental
Economics Department Czech Environmental
Institute Vrsovicka 65 CZ-100 10 Prague 10
CZECH REPUBLIC Tel: (+420-2) 7173 4226
Fax: (+420-2) 7173 7721 E-mail:
Josef.Sejak@ceu.cz
Ms. Ramine Shaw International Scientific
Project Co-ordinator, IHDP, Walter-Flex-Str. 3
D-53113 Bonn GERMANY Tel: (+49-228) 73
90-50 Fax: (+49-228) 73 90-54 E-mail:
shaw.ihdp@uni-bonn.de
Dr. Anna Vari Hungarian Academy of
Sciences Institute for Social Conflict Research
Benczur u. 33 H-1068 Budapest HUNGARY
Tel: (+36-1) 155 2564 Fax: (+36-1) 351 5455
(ofc.) E-mail: vari@hg5apz.elte.hu
Prof.dr. Pier Vellinga IHDP-IT Scientific
Planning Committee Director, Institute for
Environmental Studies (IVM) Vrije
Universiteit De Boelelaan 1115 NL-1081 HV
Amsterdam THE NETHERLANDS Tel:
(0031-20) 444 9515 Fax: (0031-20) 444 9553
E-mail: pier.vellinga@ivm.vu.nl
Prof. Tomasz Zylicz IHDP-IT Scientific
Planning Committee Warsaw Ecological
Economics Center Economics Department
Warsaw University 44/50 Dluga Street PL-00
241 Warsaw POLAND Tel: (0048-22) 831
3201 Fax: (0048-22) 831 2846 E-mail:
tzylicz@wne.uw.edu.pl
8
2. Regional Workshop for South Asia (April 4-5, 1998, New Delhi,
India)
Key Issues for IT in the South Asian Region
The Tate Energy Research Institute (TERI), New Delhi, hosted this regional workshop. The
participants came from South and Southeast Asian countries. The workshop was organised in
two parts: discussion on the concept of IT and the existing Research Directions document;
and a working groups section to identify research proposals in the following three major
areas:
 Energy and Material Flows
The use of materials and energy undoubtedly has economic origins and environmental
consequences. The consumption of materials and energy is therefore an important interface
between the economy and the environment and analysis of the patterns, causes and effects of
materials and energy consumption have gained considerable importance in environmental
economics. The changing consumption patterns will have a strong bearing on technologies.
Furthermore, the technological changes will have an increasingly higher effect on the energy
consumption patterns, and material flows. Coal being the predominant source of energy in
Asia, is of major importance for analysing the technological and consumption trends in order
to enable the assessment of associated adverse impacts to the human community. Important
topics identified for undertaking studies are:
Coal:
Assessment of coal based combustion technologies
Determination of demand for electricity
Efficiency of use of electricity (demand side management - DSM)
Institutional mechanisms for innovation and technology adoption
Restructuring the power sector
Materials flow:
- To study the flow of materials and recycling aspects of steel, cement, plastic, and pulp &
paper.
Transforming rural energy sector
Energy use and decentralised industrial production in the rural areas of South Asian countries
have important implications for the environment and human welfare. In the new millennium
new technologies and means of production that will enable decentralised industrial production
and environmental friendly rural energy generation are likely to develop. The traditional stark
distinction between rural and urban areas, may get blurred. Hitherto, the synergy’s between
decentralised rural production and dissemination of renewable energy technologies have not
been explicitly studied. In particular, the human dimensions of facilitating decentralised rural
production and disseminating renewable energy technologies in rural areas need to be
examined carefully. The proposed studies include:
- The needs of people living in rural areas that decentralised rural production and renewable
energy technology dissemination can help to meet;
- Rural entrepreneurship for industries and technologies which would be a part of
decentralised rural production;
- The perceptions, practices, and skills of the implementers of programmes aiming to foster
renewable energy and decentralised production programmes (their perceptions of user
needs, skills, practices etc.). This study should shed light on the capacity building
requirements in this area, and the kinds of information that should flow from users to
implementers, and from implementers to users.
9
Transport sector changes for improved air quality
Environmental impacts of the transport sector, especially in urban areas are causing serious
concern due to their significant (more than half) contribution to urban air pollution. The Asian
cities are no exception, with the increasing demand for transportation and bad quality of fuels
being coupled with poor vehicle technology/conditions and poor road conditions. The
problem of urban air pollution and adverse human health impacts have already reached
alarming proportions, which are essentially calling for concerted efforts to reduce urban air
pollution from the transport sector. Clearly, "cleaner urban air" is the emphasis of such
efforts. Therefore, studies that need to be undertaken in this direction are identified as given
below.
- Technological development trends in vehicles and future scenarios to reduce urban air
pollution and effect of alternative fuels
- Travel demand management strategies for cities (specific cases) - consider options of
alternative modes of transport (including public transport systems), with improved fuel
quality and alternative fuel usage
- Effect of pricing and economic incentives (for transport sector) on reducing urban air
pollution
- Role of improvement of roads and their conditions in improving transport services and
urban environment.
10
List of Participants:
Dr. Y P Abbi Executive Director (Corporate
Engg.) Corporate Office Bharat Heavy
Electricals Limited B H E L House, Siri Fort
New Delhi- 110 049 INDIA Tel: 91-116492821 or 6493608 Fax: 91-11-6493310,
6492974
Mr. Mozaharul Alam Research Fellow
Bangaladesh Centre for Advanced Studies
House 23 (New) 620 (old), Road 10A (New)
Dhanmondi, GPO Box 3971 Dhaka
BANGLADESH Tel: 880-2-9119823 or
9113682 / 815829 / 813977 Fax : 880-2811344 or 818206 e-mail: bcas@bdonline.com
Prof. S P Banerjee 178/4, Parnasree, Behala
CALCUTTA - 700 060 Tel: +91-33-2428492
or 2422300 (off) Tel: +91-33-4513182 (res)
Fax: +91-33-2428153 or 2428185 (off)
Ms. Shankari Banerji National Council of
Applied Economic Research (NCAER)
Parisila Bhawan, 11, I P Estate New Delhi110 002 INDIA Tel: (011) 3317860-68 Fax:
(011) 3327164
Mr. S S Boparai KC Secretary Ministry of
Non-conventional Energy Sources Block
No.14, C G O Complex Lodhi Road, New
Delhi-110 003 INDIA Tel: +91-11-4361481
Fax: +91-11-4362772
Mr. Pradeep K Dadhich Fellow, Policy
Analysis Division Tata Energy Research
Institute (TERI) Darbari Seth Block, Habitat
Place Lodhi Road, New Delhi -10 003 INDIA
Tel: 4622246 or 4601550 Fax: 4632609 or
4621770 e-mail: pdadhich@teri.res.in
Ms. Uma Garud Addl. Secretary Federation
of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
(FICCI) Federation House, Tansen Marg New
Delhi - 110 001 INDIA Tel: 3315442 &
3738760 (Direct) Fax: 3320714
Dr. Carlos Gay Instituto Nacional de
Ecologia Unidad de Cooperacion Y Convenios
Internacioinales AV. Revolucion 1425 Nievel
31, Torre Ejecutiva Col. San Angel, C.P.
01040 MEXICO, D.. Tel: 52-5-6243542/45
Fax: 52-5-624-3593 e-mail:
cgay@chajul.ine.gob.mx
Dr. S P Ghosh Director General, National
Council for Cement and Building Materials P21, South Extension Part-II New Delhi - 110
049 INDIA Tel: 6259010/6250590 Tel:
6434213/6422933 Mobile: 9810081474 Fax:
6422933
Dr. Shreekant Gupta Associate Professor
Department of Economics Delhi School of
Economics Delhi - 110 007 INDIA Tel: (011)
7256533 or -35 (direct) or 7256214 (Direct)
Fax: (011) 7257159 E-mail:
sgupta@cdedse.ernet.in gupta@sdalt.ernet.in
Dr. Ijaz Hossain Associate Professor
Chemical Engineering Department Bangladesh
University of Engineering & Technology
Dhaka - 1000 BANGLADESH Tel: 880-2500254 Fax: 880-2-811431 or 863026 or
863046 E-mail: pmrebuet@bangla.net
Dr. Sitanon Jesdapipat Director, Natural
Resources and Management Program Thailand
Environment Institute 210 Sukhumvit 64,
Bangchak Refinery Building 4 Prakanong,
Bangkok 10260 THAILAND Tel: 66-23310047/3310060 Ext. 4157: 6627429691-5
Ext. 760 Fax: 66-2-3324873/66-7429697-8 email: sitanon@tei.or.th
Ms. Wasantha Madurapperuma Institute of
Fundamental Studies (IFS) Hantana Road
Kandy SRI LANKA Tel: +94-8-232002 Fax:
+94-8-232131 e-mail: wasantha@ifs.ac.lk
Dr. S Maudgal Senior Advisor (Clean
Technologies) R.No.553, Fifth Floor Ministry
of Environment & Forests Paryavaran Bhavan,
C G O Complex Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110
003 INDIA Tel: 91-11-4362827 Fax: 91-114360861 or 4360806
Dr. Smita Misra 133, Vaishali Pitampura
Delhi - 110 034 INDIA Tel: +91-11-7412901,
7253210 Fax: +91-11- E-mail: ?
Dr. R K Pachauri IHDP-IT Scientific
Planning Committee Director, Tata Energy
Research Institute (TERI) Darbari Seth Block,
Habitat Place Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110
003 INDIA Tel: 4627651 or 4647762 Fax:
4632609 or 4621770 E-mail:
pachauri@teri.res.in
Dr. Anand Patwardhan School of
Management Indian Institute of Technology
Powai, Bombay - 400 071 INDIA Tel: 91-225767788 Fax: 91-22-5783480 e-mail:
anand@cc.iitb.ernet.in
Mr. M A Qureshi Deputy Director National
Instt. of Science Tech. & Dev. Studies Dr. K S
Krishnan Marg New Delhi - 110 012 INDIA
Tel: 91-11-5728279 (Off) Tel: 91-11-2231762
(Res) Fax: 91-11-5751758 or 5754640
11
Md Sufiur Rahman First Secretary
Bangladesh High Commission 56, Ring Road,
Lajpat Nagar-III New Delhi INDIA Tel: 9111-683624, 6834668 Fax: 91-11-6840596
Mr. Ahmad Saeed Coordinator Environment
Assessment Services International Union for
the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 1, Bath
Island Road Karachi - 75530 PAKISTAN Tel :
92-21-5861540 Fax : 92-21-5870287/5861448
e-mail : as@iucn.khi.sdnpk.undp.org
Dr. Ambuj Sagar Post-Doctoral Fellow
Centre for Science and International Affairs
John F Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University 79, John F Kennedy Street
Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Tel: +1-617496-6218 Fax: +1-617-495-8963 E-mail:
ambuj_sagar@harvard.edu
Mr. S Naushab Sarwar Manager
Hydrocarbon Development Institute of
Pakistan 48J Block-6, Pechs Karachi
PAKISATAN Tel: 92-21-4529476 (off)
5842982 (res) Fax : 92-21-4535592 e-mail:
mko@hdipt.isb.erum.com.pk
Mr. Katsuo Seiki Executive Director Global
Industrial & Social Program Research Institute
3rd Floor, Shousen-Mitsui Bldg. 2-1-1,
Toranomon Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105 JAPAN
Tel : 81-35563-8800 Fax : 81-35563-8810
Email : seiki@blue.ocn.ne.jp
Prof. Manubhai Shah Managing Trustee
Consumer Education and Research Centre
(CERC) Suraksha Sankool, Thaltej
Ahmedabad-Gandhinagar Highway
Ahmedabad - 380 054 INDIA Tel: 91-797489945-46 / 7450528 / 7451097 Fax: 91-797489947 e-mail: cerc@ad1.vsnl.net.in
Dr. Kulthorn Silapabanleng Director, Energy
Research Institute Chulalongkorn University
Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330 THAILAND
Tel: 66-2-2188096-9 Fax:66-2-2547579 e-mail
: fengksl@chulkn.car.chula.ac.th
Dr. R K Singh Director (Chemicals) Bureau
of Indian Standards (BIS) Manak Bhavan 9,
Bahadurshah Zafar Marg New Delhi - 110 002
INDIA Tel: 91-11-3230131 Fax: 91-113236902 or 3234062 or 3239399
Prof. Robert H Socolow IHDP-IT Scientific
Planning Committee Director, Center for
Energy and Environmental Studies H 102
Engineering Quadrangle Princeton University
Princeton, NJ 08544 U.S.A. Tel: +1-609-2585446 (off) +1-609-921-9061 (res) Fax: +1609-258-3661 e-mail: socolow@princeton.edu
Mr. P V Sridharan Senior Fellow Policy
Analysis Division Tata Energy Research
Institute (TERI) Darbari Seth Block, Habitat
Place Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003
INDIA Tel: 4622246 or 4601550 Fax:
4632609 or 4621770
Mr. D S R K Srinivas Energy-Environment
Interface Group Tata Energy Research Institute
(TERI)
e-mail: dsrk@teri.res.in
Dr. Leena Srivastava Dean, Policy Analysis
Division Tata Energy Research Institute
(TERI)
E-mail: leena@teri.res.in
Mr. Lalit Kumar Vaidya Senior Divisional
Chemist (Deputy Director) Nepal Bureau of
Standards and Metrology Kathmandu, NEPAL
Tel: +977-1-350818 or 350447 (off) Fax:+9771-350689(Off)
Mr. Nguyen Van Binh Dipl. Engineer
Institute for Industry Policy and Strategy
Ministry of Industry 54 Hai Ba Trung Str.
Hoan Kiem District Ha noi , VIETNAM Tel:
+84-4-8259844 Fax: +84-4-8253417
Dr. Nguyen Van Tai Policy Division National
Environmnet Agency Ministry of Science,
Technology and Environment 39 Tran Hung
Dao Ha noi, VIETNAM Tel: +84-4-8424511
Fax: +84-4-8242510 or 8248932
Prof. Pier Vellinga IHDP-IT Scientific
Planning Committee Director, Institute for
Environment Studies (IVM) Vrije Universiteit,
De Boelelaan 1115 1081 HV Amsterdam THE
NETHERLANDS Tel : 31-20-4449-555 Fax :
31-20-4449-553
Email:pier.vellinga@ivm.vu.nl
Mr. Robert O Williams
Senior Industrial Development Officer
Industrial Energy Efficiency Branch UNIDO,
Vienna International Centre Vienna AUSTRIA
Tel: 43-1-21-1313956 Fax: 43-1-21-1316803
E-mail: rwilliams@unido.org
12
3. Regional Workshop for East Asia (June 24-25, 1998, Kita-Kyushu,
Japan)
Key Issues for IT in the South Asian Region
Macro Systems and Incentive Structure
This session was chaired by Prof. Dr. Tongroj Onchan, while 4 speakers gave a presentation on
their research work. First, Dr. Y. Moriguchi, NIES, presented the results of resource flow
analysis of four industrialised countries (Japan, U.S., The Netherlands and Germany) which was
conducted within an international project by four research institutes of the countries involved.
This is a macro material flow analysis in which in addition to the direct material input a hidden
material flow (rucksack) is considered. Based on the results, this can be extended to the same
type of analysis from input to economic throughput and output. The second presentation was
given by Prof. Y. Washizu, Waseda University. Analysis of an extended Input/Output Table of
1990 showed that only the environmental impacts, in terms of CO2 emissions, from production
sectors with technological innovation was significantly reduced through a change in the related
consumption sectors. This presentation represented the work of several research groups in
Japan which are involved with the quantification and analysis of intersectoral transfer of
environmental impacts, based on the Material I/O Table. The third speaker, Dr. H.S. Jeong,
KEI, presented the Korean experience with the use of various economic incentives as a policy
tool. To enable a transformation of the current industrial society toward a more sustainable one
the OECD recommended in 1991 to enhance the use of economic instruments. Based on the
Korean experience with the use of product charges, deposit-refund systems, volume-based waste
collection charges, etc. Prof. Dr. S. Nakamura, the final speaker of this Session, paid attention
to the waste flows in I/O Table analysis and demonstrated from this analysis that emissions
including waste materials could be estimated through the technology matrix by the people’s
lifestyle. As an illustration a case study of the city of Hokkaido was presented.
Production System (Industrial Ecology And Organisational Aspects)
Chaired by Prof. Dr. Robert H. Socolow this session included 5 presentations on existing
research projects and other activities. The first speaker, Prof. R. Yamamoto, talked about the
most recent 2 to 6 times improvement of eco-efficiency measured in his eco-design vector space
in product development within different sectors in Japan, based on LCA. Eco-labelling study is
badly needed here and, in his opinion, the whole research on IT should be accelerated to achieve
a substantial level of sustainability by 2020. Dr. E. Welch, Syracuse University, the second
speaker, presented an organisational approach in IT research to materials (flow) management in
the industrial society. In order to improve the overall societal eco-efficiency by closing the
material loop, for example, an organisation will undergo four kinds of solutions: birth, change,
linkage, and death for its own raison-de-etre. These solutions offer ramifications on
organisations to collect, refine, and reprocess the materials, and will have many policy
implications. The third presentation was given by Prof. Dr. T. Morioka, Osaka University. He
presented the JST funded research project “Recycle-oriented Societal Complex systems”, of
which he is the leader. They selected three so-called societal experimental sites including an
eco-industrial park. He explained mainly the third site which was the Osaka business districts
where alternative urban renewal scenarios, involving construction and other sectors, are
evaluated. Prof. M. Suzuki of Tokyo University, at this moment Vice Rector at UNU, was the
fourth speaker. He is the co-ordinator and leader of the famous MESSC funded “Zero
Emissions Research Project”, in which more than 70 university professors of different
disciplines participate. Based on the fact that Japan has the highest density of industrial activity
per unit area among industrialised nations, a number of research efforts for eco-restructuring of
industries are integrated in this project. The final presentation was given by Prof. Dr. Y. Baba,
Tokyo University. He introduced international comparative studies on corporate environmental
strategy under competitiveness.
13
During the discussion, a wide variety of views on the interaction between society and
technology were exchanged. For example, Prof. Dr. I. Yasui insisted that some practitioner’s
ethics should be reflected properly in LCA studies, particularly in the impact assessment step,
and the criterion should be based on human fatality which is closely connected to risk
assessment. Prof. K. Gonda, Tokai University, talked about a paradigm shift in scientific
progress and technological development based on the nature of science and technology as it can
be seen from two cross axial points: public/private and economic/non-economic. Focusing on
potential IT core projects, Prof. Vellinga, proposed two research ideas. The first one refers to
actual processes of industrial transformation in certain industrial sectors, for example, oil
companies which transform themselves into renewable energy companies. The second idea is to
study the transformation processes within steel companies which have made environmental
efforts, including Welch’s organisational point of view. Prof. Suzuki emphasised that,
particularly in Japan with his highest activity density, no ‘real’ economic growth exists, in
terms of sustainable development. Therefore recycling technology based on local attributes will
be the most important issue with respect to eco-restructuring and should therefore be reflected in
IT research. It is important in this context to set a long-range goal, i.e., where we are heading
for and how we get there. In his own view, a zero emission society is the goal to be attained,
and IT research will play an important role in achieving this goal.
Consumption System (Consumers Choice And Sustainable Consumption)
Consumption system was discussed in this session, chaired by Dir. K. Seiki, JISPRI. Ms. T.
Katsuragawa presented findings on consumer’s environmental awareness and behaviours and
corporate strategies based on the latest survey which were commissioned from NIES. This was
a summary of a questionnaire survey held during the past 3 years among Japanese and German
consumers and Japanese firms. From several comparative analyses between Japanese and
German consumers it could be concluded that differences exist in the relationship between
awareness and actions. Mr. H. Sakamaki, an executive officer of large opto-electronics
company, talked about the green procurement practices and the role of a firm as a consumer.
Manufacturing firms do not only produce and sell environmental benign products, but, at the
same time, procure and purchase a wide spectrum of materials, parts, products and services
needed for their own production. He elaborated on his company’s practices of green
procurement: how it started, under what management policy and/or principles it was
programmed and how it was being operated.
Other topics presented in this Session include the results of a preliminary survey conducted by
Peking University as commissioned from NIES on the environmental awareness of Chinese
people. Dr. Jianxin Li reported that, from samples of rural, town and city (Beijing) populations,
a large fraction of people rank environmental issues relatively important, consider investment
by the government and enterprises, and need voluntary actions of their own. During the
discussion Prof. Y. Arayama, Nagoya University, mentioned that as far as China’s IT is
concerned three important factors are to be considered: the organisational system called “unit”,
the corporate fiscal situation, and the growth rate of export industries. Furthermore, China’s
industrial policy included the closure of certain state corporate factories that are heavily
polluting. Prof. H. Takatsuki, Kyoto University, showed from his calorific analysis, that in the
current consumption system, particularly for food consumption, a considerable amount of
energy is consumed for packaging and other related processes. He also indicated that
environmental awareness of the Japanese consumers is not necessarily connected to their
conservation actions. In this regard, Ms. Katsuragawa responded that the information
concerning the environmental impacts of goods and products should be much more effectively
disseminated to the consumer. Mr. Sakamaki, as a corporate manager, shared this view with
Ms. Katsuragawa, but emphasised the importance of consumer education in every possible way.
Another research idea for a core project, which was proposed by Dr. Gotoh, on the residuals cut
through EPR’s take-back programs, could be reformulated to become a global core project. The
Workshop was concluded by the submission of another core proposal about a new strategy for
rural industrialisation.
14
List of Participants:
Prof. Yuko Arayama
Department of Economics
Nagoya University, JAPAN
Tel: 052-789-2382
Fax: 052-789-4924
E-mail: arayama@soec.nagoya-u.ac.jp
Prof. Dr. Yasunori Baba
Director, Research into Artifacts Center for
Engineering (RACE)
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Tel: 03-5453-5887
Fax: 03-3467-0648
E-mail: baba@race.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Prof. Dr. Deckho Cho
Professor of Urban Engineering,
University of Kyungju, City of Kyungju
KOREA
E-mail: chodk@univ.kyungju.ac.kr
Prof. Dr. Kinji Gonda
Director, International Center for Research on Policy
Science
Tokai University, JAPAN
Tel: 0468-58-1261
Fax: 0468-58-1262
Dr. Sukehiro Gotoh
IHDP-IT Scientific Planning Committee
Director, Social & Environmental Systems Division
National Institute for Environmental Studies, JEA
JAPAN
Tel: 0298-50-2334, Fax: 0298-50-2572
E-mail: sgotoh@nies.go.jp
Tel: 03-3326-2595
E-mail:Lijx@bcomp.meito-u. ac.jp
Dr. Hoi Seong Jeong
Research Fellow, The Korea Environment Institute
Seoul, KOREA
Tel: +82-2-3488-7611
Fax: +82-2-3488-7622
E-mail: hsjeong@keins.kei.re.kr
Ms. Takako Katsuragawa
Senior Researcher
Sumitomo-Life Research Institute, Inc.
JAPAN
Tel: 03-3272-5882
Fax: 03-3272-5911
E-mail: katsuragawa@slri.co.jp
Mr. Hideyuki Mori
Asian Pacific Network for Global Environmental
Change (APN)
Global Environment Department, Japan Environment
Agency, JAPAN
Dr. Yuichi Moriguchi
Team Head, Regional Environmental Research
Group
National Institute for Environmetnal Studies, JEA
JAPAN
Tel: 0298-50-2540
Fax: 0298-50-2570
E-mail: moriguti@nies.go.jp
Prof. Eiji Hosoda
Faculty of Economics
Keio University, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3453-4511, Fax: 03-3798-7480
Prof. Dr. Tohru Morioka
Department of Environmental Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University
JAPAN
Tel: 06-879-7676
Fax: 06-879-7681
E-mail: morioka@env.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp
Prof. Hidefumi Imura
Director, Institute of Environmental System
Faculty of Engineering
Kyushu University, JAPAN
Tel: 092-642-4090, Fax: 092-642-3848
E-mail: imura@ies.kyushu-u.ac.jp or
fwgk8235@mb.infoweb.or.jp
Mr. Masaru Moriya
Secretary General
The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
(IGES), JAPAN
Tel: 0468-55-3720
Fax: 0468-55-3709
E-mail: iges-3@iges.or.jp
Dr. Atsushi Inaba
Section Head, Energy & Resources Division
National Institute for Resource & Environment,
AIST, MITI, JAPAN
Tel: 0298-58-8430, Fax: 0298-58-8430
E-mail: inaba@nire.go.jp
Prof. Dr. Hideki Nakahara
Faculty of Environmental & Information Studies
Musashi Institute of Technology
JAPAN
Tel: 045-910-2570, Fax: 045-910-2605
Prof. Dr. Hisashi Ishitani
Division of Engineering, Graduate School
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3812-2111
Fax: 03-3818-7492
E-mail: ishi@globalenv.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Dr. LI Jianxin
Assistant Professor (Demography)
Institute of Sociology & Anthropology
Peking University, CHINA
Prof. Dr. Shinichiro Nakamura
School of Political Science and Economics
Waseda University, JAPAN
Tel: 03-5286-1267, Fax: 03-3208-8567
E-mail: nakashin@mn.waseda.ac.jp
Dr. Tetsuo Nakyama
Managing Executive Director
Japan Environmental Management Association for
Industry, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3832-7019
Fax: 03-3832-7021
15
Prof. Dr. Tongroj Onchan
President, Thailand Environment Institute (TEI)
Bangkok, THAILAND
Tel: +66-2-331-0047, Fax: +66-2-332-4873
E-mail: onchant@tei.or.th
(Dr. Rajendra K. Pachauri)
IHDP-IT Scientific Planning Committee
Director, Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI)
New Dehli, INDIA
Tel: +91-11-462-7651, Fax: +91-11-462-1770
E-mail: pachauri@teri.ernet.in
Prof. Dr. Wang Rusong
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science
(RCEES)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
Beijing, CHINA
Tel: +86-10-6256-1872, Fax: +86-10-6256-2775
E-mail: wangrs@sun.ihep.ac.cn
Mr. Hisashi Sakamaki
Managing Director, CEO Production
Canon INC., JAPAN
Tel: 03-3758-2111, Fax: 03-3757-9699
E-mail: hayashi@pma.canon.co.jp
Mr. Katsuo Seiki
Executive Director
Global Industrial and Social Progress Research
Institute (GISPRI), JAPAN
Tel: 03-5563-8800, Fax: 03-5563-8810
E-mail: gispri@glocomnet.or.jp
Prof. Dr. Shen Mingming
Director, The Research Center for Contemporary
China (RCCC), Peking University, CHINA
Tel: +86-10-6275-5443, Fax: +86-10-6275-1079
E-mail: rccc@public.east.cn.net
Prof. Dr. Peijun Shi
Vice Dean, School of Resources and Environmental
Sciences
Beijing Normal University, CHINA
Tel: +86-10-6220-7656, Fax: +86-10-6220-8178
E-mail: spj@ns.bnu.edu.cn
Mr. Ryota Shinohara
Director, Department of Environmental Protection
City of Kita-Kyushu, JAPAN
Prof. Dr. Robert H. Socolow
IHDP-IT Scientific Planning Committee
Director, Center for Energy & Environmental Studies
Princeton University, U.S.A..
Tel: +1-609-258-5446, Fax: +1-609-258-3661
E-mail: socolow@princeton.edu
Prof. Dr. Mohamad Soerjani
Deputy Chairman, Natural Resource, Energy and
Environment, National Research Council
Jakarta, INDONESIA
Tel: +62-21-797-4766, Fax: +62-21-797-4765
E-mail: purimai@rad.net.id
Prof. Dr. Leena Srivastava
Dean, Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI)
New Dehli, INDIA
Tel: +91-11-462-7651, Fax: +91-11-462-1770
E-mail: pachauri@teri.ernet.in
Prof. Dr. Motoyuki Suzuki
Vice Rector, United Nations University
Institute of Indusrial Science, The University of
Tokyo, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3402-6231
Fax: 03-3401-8125
E-mail: suzuki@hq.unu.edu
Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Takatsuki
Director, Environment Preservation Center
Kyoto University
JAPAN
Tel: 075-753-7703
Fax: 075-753-7710
Prof. Dr. Pier Vellinga
IHDP-IT Scientific Planning Committee
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
THE NETHERLANDS
Tel: +31-20-444-9515
Fax: +31-20-444-9553
E-mail: pier.vellinga@ivm.vu.nl
Prof. Ayu Washizu (Ikeda)
Associate Professor, School of Social Sciences,
Waseda University
Tel: 03-5286-3825
Fax: 03-3204-8962
Dr. Eric W. Welch
Research Associate, Center for Technology and
Information Policy
The Maxwell School, Syracuse University, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-315-443-5100, Fax: +1-315-443-1075
E-mail: ewwelch@pop.maxwell.syr.edu
Mr. Xia Guang
Deputy Director, Policy Research Center for
Environment and Economy, NEPA
Beijing, CHINA
Tel: +86-10-6496-7722, Fax: +86-10-6496-2792
E-mail: director@prcee-nepa.ac.cn
Prof. Hiroyoshi Yabe
Faculty of Commerce
Chuo University, JAPAN
Tel: 0426-74-3596, Fax: 0426-74-3651
Prof. Dr. Ryoichi Yamamoto
Institute of Industrial Science
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3402-6231, Fax: 03-3402-2629
E-mail: yamamoto@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Prof. Dr. Itaru Yasui
Director, Center for Collaborative Research
The University of Tokyo, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3402-6231, Fax: 03-3479-5042
E-mail: yasui@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
(Prof. Kanji Yoshioka)
Vice Director, Institute for Economic & Industrial
Studies
Keio University, JAPAN
Tel: 03-3453-4511
Fax: 03-3453-5640
16
4. Regional Workshop for South-East Asia (July 28-30, 1998,
Bangkok, Thailand)
Key Issues for IT in the South-East Asian Region
The South-East Asian Industrial Transformation workshop took place at Chulalongkorn
University in Bangkok Thailand, July 28-30. The workshop was one part of a conference
entitled “Economic Recovery and Environmentally Sustainable Industry in Asia: Compatible
Goals.” Sponsorship for the workshop was provided by START, Chulalongkorn University.
Additional assistance was provided by the US Asia Environmental Partnership and the
Greening of Industry Network. The conference organisers were: Somporn
Kamolsiripichaiporn, Deputy Director of the Environmental Research Institute,
Chulalongkorn University; Dr. Jariya Boonjawat, Technical Director, South-East Asia
START Research Centre, and Dr. David Angel, Dean of Graduate Studies, Clark University.
The timing of the workshop, as a part of a high level conference, was particularly useful. This
allowed the participants to bring the issue of Industrial Transformation to the attention of a
wide variety of policy makers and potential supporters. Indeed there is a particular
opportunity to work closely with Ministries of Industry, Technology and the Environment
within South East Asia in pursuing this initiative as a parallel research and policy agenda.
Reports were given on two previous IHDP-IT workshops in Japan (by Xuemei Bai of IGES),
and India (by Leena Srivastava of TERI). Discussion focussed on the following themes:
 In general, the workshop participants found the IHDP-IT background materials and
analytical framework useful, but were concerned that these materials did not engage fully
with the problems of industrial transformation in the developing world, and among newly
industrialising economies. It was suggested that fundamentally IHDP-IT needed to
consider industrial transformation within the context of a broader development agenda
that includes the shift from natural resource based economies to knowledge and
technology intensive development, as well as the structure of North-South relations.
 many conference participants suggested that the biggest challenge to industrial
transformation - and the greatest research need - lies in understanding behaviour, values,
organisations and institutions. What might ‘drive’ industry towards transformation? How
do changes in the values and priorities of firms and other organisations come about?
What are the ‘economics’ of industrial transformation? The current research effort, at
least as reviewed in the Research Directions document, does not sufficiently reflect this
research priority.
 The workshop participants raised interesting questions concerning the goals of industrial
transformation, defined in terms of a decoupling economic growth and environmental
impacts. It was suggested that the concept of industrial transformation implies a
particular vision of development, one that may not be widely shared. Are there
alternative visions for future development that are not captured in, or are contradictory to,
the concept of industrial transformation?
 There was considerable interest in linking the industrial transformation initiative to
greenhouse gas abatement. One of the conference participants, Dr Wibulswas of
Thammasat University in Thailand, presented the latest inventory of GHG emissions for
Thailand and discussed the contribution that industrial transformation might make
towards abatement.
 Two broad core projects were discussed: Drivers of industrial transformation in Asia; and
the issue of alternative stakeholder visions of development and their relation to industrial
transformation. It was agreed that the industrial transformation initiative in this region
would do well to build on existing research networks and science plans. Thus Louis
Lebel and Jariya Boonjawat agreed to facilitate the use of the existing SEA START
17
network for industrial transformation. Similarly, it was suggested that co-ordination
among the different hosts of IHDP-IT workshops in Asia (IGES, TERI, and
Chulalongkorn University) should be pursued.
List of Participants
Dr. David Angel
Clark University
950 Main Street
Worcester MA 01610 USA
phone: 508-793-7388
fax: 508-793-8881
email: dangel@clarku.edu
Xuemei Bai
Research Fellow
IGES, Japan
email: bai@iges.or.jp
Brenda Ortigoza Bateman
Policy Associate
USAEP
1720 Eye Street
Washington DC 20006, USA
phone: 1-202-835-0333
fax: 1-202-835-0366
email: bbateman@usaep.org
Francesco Bertolini
Universit Bocconi
Via Isonzo 23,
20135 Milan, Italy
phone: 39-02-5836-2584
fax: 39-0205826-2593
email: francesco.bertolini@uni-bocconi.it
Jariya Boonjawat
Director, SE Asian START regional center
Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
phone: 662-218-8126-9
email; jariya@start.or.th
Annica Bragd
Gothenborg University
Vre Fogelbergsgatan 3
Gothenborg, Sweden
phone: 46-31-774-0643
fax: 46-31-774-0648
email: annica.bragd@gri.se
John Butler
Policy Director
USAEP
1720 Eye Street
Washington DC 20006, USA
phone: 1-202-835-0333
fax: 1-202-835-0366
Ma Chi
Research Center
Ministry of Science and Technology
P.O Box 3814
Beijing 100038, China
phone: 86-10-6851-5544
fax: 86-10-6256-8628
email: machi@sun.midwest.co.cn
Owen Cylke
USAEP
1720 Eye Street
Washington DC 20006, USA
phone: 1-202-835-0333
fax: 1-202-835-0366
Theo de Bruijn
University of Twente
CTSM
7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
phone: 31-53-489-4234
fax: 31-53-489-4850
email: greening@cstm.utwente.nl
Tubagus Feridhanusetyawan
Center for Strategic and International Studies
Jakarta 10160, Indonesia
phone: 6221-386-5532
fax: 6221-384-7517
email: tf.csis@inovasi.com
Kurt Fischer
Greening of Industry Network
Clark University
Worcester MA 01610
phone: 508-751-4607
fax: 508-751-4600
email: greening@clarku.edu
George Heaton
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
Worcester, MA, USA
phone: 1-617-965-2841
email: grheaton@aol.com
Peter Hofman
University of Twente
CSTM
7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
phone: 31-53-489-4541
fax: 31-53-489-4850
email: p.s.hofman@cstm.utwente.nl
Suchata Jinachitra
Thai Research Fund
Bangkok 10400, Thailand
phone: 642-642-5186
Ulrik Jorgensen
Technical University of Denmark
2800 Lyngby, Denmark
phone: 45-45-25-6075
fax: 45-45-88-2014
email uj@its.dtu.dk
18
P.D. Jose
Administrative Staff College of Inndia
Hyderabad, 500 082 India
phone 9140 331-0952
fax: 9140-331-2954
email: jose@asci.globemail.com
Somporn Kamolsiripichaiporn
Environmental Research Institute
Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok, Thailand
phone: 662-218-8114
fax: 662-218-8124
email: gin-asia@chula.ac.th
Louis Lebel
GCTE Project Office
Lyneham AACT 2602
Australia
email: llebel@dataserv.com.au
Chi-Yuan Liang
Institute of Economics
Academica Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan
email: clianng@ieas.econ.sinica.edu.tw
Ooi Giok Ling
Institute of Policy Studies
Kent Ridge, Box 1088
911103 Singapore
phone: 65-779-3549
fax: 632-818-8158
email: giokling@pacific.net.sg
Philip Mathews
ISIS, PO Box 12424
50778 Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia
phone: 603-293-9366
fax: 603-293-9430
email pmathews@isis.po.my
Tolenino Moya
SEA START
Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
phone: 662-218-8126
fax: 662-255-4967
email: toti@start.or.th
R.K. Pachauri
TERI, Lodhi Rd.
New Delhi 110 003 India
phone 9111-460-1550
fax 9111-462-1770
email: pachauri@teri.res.in
Amara Pongsapich
Chulalongkorn University
Phyathai Rd.
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
phone: 662-218-7398
fax: 662-218-7396
Budy Resosoedarma
CSIS
Jakarta 10160 Indonesia
phone: 6221-386-5521
fax: 6221-384-7515
Mike Rock
Winrock International
1611 North Kent Street, #600
Arlington VA 22209
phone: 1-703-525-9430
fax: 1-703-525-1744
email: mtr@winrock.org
Howard Shaw
Singapore Environment Council
21 Lewin Terrace
Fort Canning Park 179290
Singapore
phone: 65-337-6062
fax: 65-337-6035
email: secnet@singnet.com.sg
Bach Tan Sinh
Ministry of Science and Technology
P.O. Box 610
Hanoi, Vietnam
phone: 844-8-256511
fax: 844-8-252873
email: sinh@nistfass.ac.vn
Leena Srivastava
TERI, Lodhi Rd.
New Delhi 110 003 India
phone 9111-460-1550
fax 9111-462-1770
email: srivastavai@teri.res.in
Richard Welford
University of Huddersfield
Queensgate, Huddersfield
HD1 3DH, UK
phone: 44-1484-472019
fax: 44-1484-472633
email: sbusrjw@pegasus.hud.ac.uk
Evan Williams
University of Huddersfield
Queensgate, Huddersfield
HD1 3DH, UK
phone: 44-1484-472019
fax: 44-1484-472633
email: evanwilliams@cqm.co.uk
Monica Winn
Faculty of Business
University of Victoria
PO Box 1700
Victoria, BC, Canada
phone: 250-721-6071
fax: 250-721-6067
email: miwinn@business.uvic.ca
19
5. Regional workshop for Western Europe (October 13, 1998,
Brussels, Belgium)
Introduction
The workshop was opened by Andrew Sors director of the Human Dimensions of
Environmental Change Research Program of the EU, DG 12. He presented the outlines of the
Fifth Action Framework, the 1998-2002 research program of the EU. The budget of this
research program is about 16 billion ECU. The framework and the various key actions listed
therein clearly indicate the need for research in line with the Industrial Transformation
philosophy. Opportunities for research funding can be found both in the social sciences part
of the program and in the technological and environmental change part of the program.
Key Issues for IT in the South-East Asian Region
In the discussion after the presentation of the Tentative Research Plan some doubts were
expressed about the appropriateness of the paradigm as presented in the Framework. Starting
with macro systems and incentives it conveys the message of a top-down approach, while
transformation often starts with small groups on the micro scale. Why not put the research on
consumption in the lead? The answer by Pier Vellinga was: indeed it looks top-down but, in
fact the three “disciplinary” themes (macro systems and incentive structure, production
systems and consumption systems) are on equal footing in transformation research as
envisaged. An overall problem is that the number of researchers on consumers and
consumption is very small. As a consequence there is a risk that transition processes and/or
transition potential at the micro scale is overlooked. By the explicit introduction of consumers
research in the program this can hopefully be overcome.
Another question raised regards the sectoral, or case study approach: why put researchers in
the straight jacket of focusing on a specific set of human activities, aimed at meeting a
specific need such as energy, food, water, materials/products etc? A number of the workshop
participants would rather focus on transformation processes as a topic in itself, doing research
within the domains of existing more disciplinary approaches such as institutions research. An
alternative approach is to build on an emerging research theme among sociologists with focus
on the interaction between the producer and the consumer/stakeholder.
There was general support for a theme like “transformation processes” as a cross cutting
research project. Such a theme could be combined with the idea of scenario development. It
may be of interest for IHDP as a whole to take up scenario analysis and development as a
specific theme across the four existing IHDP research themes (Land Use and Cover Change,
Environmental Security, Institutions and Industrial Transformation).
In the discussion the following topics for research emerged:
1. Material intensive products. The research question would be something like: ‘what are
the options to increase energy and material efficiency by a factor four to ten and how can
a transformation in incentive structure, production system and consumption system be
facilitated’. Technology is not necessarily the bottleneck, a major question is what are the
incentives that will stimulate consumers and producers, and what are the options,
opportunities and barriers regarding the introduction of new incentives.
2. Transformation of the energy sector in Europe. Liberalisation, privatisation,
globalisation, technological change and changes in consumer preferences are major
drivers for a transformation of the energy sector in Europe and world wide. The research
question could be something like: ‘how to address global environmental change problems
in a transforming energy sector’. Such research could take an actor approach by
systematically exploring: the (potential) roles of government, private sector and
consumers in such a transformation process.
20
Food. Similar to the energy sector, major transformation processes are underway in the
food sector. It is changing from a supply side industry to a demand side industry. Also EU
agricultural policies are likely to change drastically, and EU enlargement will have a
major effect on the agricultural production pattern in Europe. Finally, the consumer is
increasingly expressing concern about existing food production processes. Increasing the
understanding of the food system with all its actors and developing scenarios for
transformation, is considered an interesting challenge for transformation research.
Attention should be given to issues such as food and health, CO2, transport, pesticide and
fertiliser use, biodiversity and waste.
4. Transformation of the transport sector. Are we heading for compact connected cities with
high concentrations of resource use, or are we headed for a decentralisation of urban and
production functions. In terms of global environmental change the one system may be
better than the other although there is not a (strong) scientific basis. It is considered
important for the IT program to address transformation processes in spatial development
and transport.
5. Electronics and communication products and services. This field is typically global, it is
in a mode of rapid development and it is a major driver in transformation. As such, it is
important to consider it. An important question is: ‘what could be drivers for moving this
sector and the products and services it provides in a direction of eco-efficiency’. Survey
and analysis of latent consumers needs (beyond present marketing surveys) would be an
interesting topic. It was stressed that any research should be considered relevant by the
producers/actors in this field. Cupertino with front runners in the industry should be
considered.
6. Transformation processes as such. Dynamics of transformation in terms of: 1) Kuznets
type curves and N-curves, 2) industrial decision making processes, 3) consumer
needs/perceptions, 4) macro (firm) – micro (consumer/citizen) interaction. Transitions in
these domains as relevant for the global environment could be a crosscutting research
theme, across the IT core research projects and across the regions. The idea of scenario
analyses and development could be combined with this research theme.
3.
It was agreed that the research ideas as summarised above would be elaborated into a one to
two page proposal. Idea number 1 will be elaborated by Eberhard Jochem; idea number 2 by
Eberhard Seifert; no. 3 by Sture Oberg and Ken Green; no. 4 by Frans Berkhout; no. 5 by
Jaqueline Cramer and no. 6 by Laurie Michaelis (addresses and affiliations are included in
Appendix 2, list of participants). The research ideas/proposals should be available for the
Science Planning Committee meeting to be held on October 29/30 in Amsterdam.
21
List of Participants
S. Anderberg
Institute of Geography
University of Copenhagen
Volgade 10
1350 Copenhagen
Tel: +45 35322500
Fax: +45 353 22501
Email: sa@geogr.ku.dk
P.D. Andersen
Riso National Laboratory
PO BOX 49
DK-4000 Roskilde
Tel: +45 467 75108
Fax: +45 467 75199
Email: per.dannemand@risoe.dk
R. Ayres
INSEAD/CMER
Boulevard de Constance
F-77300 Fontaibleau
Tel: +33 1 607 24212
Fax: +33 1 607 24242
Email: ayres@insead.fr
M. Bartolomeo
Fond. Eni Enrico Mattei
Corso Magenta 63
I-20123 Milano
Tel: +39 2 520 36968
Fax: +39 2 520 36946
Email: bartolomeo@feem.it
F. Berkhout
University of Sussex/ISPRU
Falmer, Brighton BN1 9FF
Tel: +44 1273 877130
Fax: +44 1273 685865
Email: fberkhout@sussex.ac.uk
Th. De Bruijn
University of Twente/ CSTM
PO BOX 217
7500 AE Enschede
Tel: +31 534 894 234
Fax: +31 534 894 850
Email:t.j.n.m.debruijn@cst.utwente.nl
J. Eberhard
FhG-Institute of Systems and Innovation Research
Breslauerstrasse 48
D-76139 Karlsruhe
Tel: +49 721 6809169
Fax: +49 721 6809270
Email: ejo@isi.fhg.de
P. Ekins
Keele University
Dept. Of Environmental Social Sciences
Staffordshire ST5 5BG
Keele
United kingdom
Tel: +44 1782 583093
Fax: +44 1782 584144
Email: p.w.ekins@envss.keele.ac.uk
K. Green
Manchester School of Management
UMIST
PO BOX 88
Manchester M60 1QD
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 161 2003432
Fax: +44 161 2003505
Email: ken.green@umist.ac.uk
M.Janicke
Forschungsstelle furUmweltpolitik
Free University Berlin
Schwenderstrasse 53
D-14195 Berlin
Germany
Tel: +49 30 838 5097
Fax: +49 30 838 2276
U.Jorgensen
T.U. Lyngby,
Technology Assesment
Building 322
DK-2800 Lyngby
Denmark
Tel: +45 452 56075
Fax: +45 458 82014
Email: uj@it.dtn.dk
L.Kingo
NOVO Nordisk
Novo Alle
DK-Bagsvaerd
Denmark
Tel: +45 444 23861
Fax: +45 444 44039
Email: lki@novo.dk
L.Michaelis
OECD
2, Rue Andre Pascal
F-75775 Paris
France
Tel: +33 1 452 49817
Fax: +33 1 452 47876
Email: Laurie.michaelis@oecd.org
S. Oberg
Soc. & econ. Geography
PO BOX 1003
S-75140 Upsalla
Sweden
Tel: +46 18 471 2500
Fax: +46 18 471 7418
Email: sture.oberg@kultgeog.uu.se
F.Rossi
Corso V Emanuelle 26
101125 Torino
Italy
Fax: +39 11 668 8288
Email: fillippo.rossi@ntt.it
22
E.K.Seifert
Wuppertal Institute
Doppersberg 19
D-4210 Wuppertal
Germany
Tel: +49 202 249 2178
Fax: +49 202 249 2145
Email: e.seifert@wupperinst.org
N.Kastrinos
European Commission
DG12
200, Rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 296 3885
Email: mikalis.hendriques@deg12.cec.be
A.Stevels
Philips S&V / BE
PO BOX 80002
4500 JB Eindhoven
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 40 273 4169
K.Kosonen
European Commission
DG12
200, Rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 296 5675
Email: katri.kosonen@dg12.cec.be
P.Vellinga
Instituut voor Milieuvraagstukken Amsterdam
De Boelelaan 1115
1081 HV Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Tel: +31 20 4449515
Fax: +31 20 4449553
Email: pier.vellinga@ivm.vu.nl
H.M.Cornaert
European Commission
DG12
200, Rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 296 8813
Email: michel.cornaert@dg12.cec.be
P Hendriques
European Commission
DG3
200, Rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 296 1714
Email: pedro.hendriques@dg3.cec.be
S.Morgan
European Commission
DG12
200, Rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 299 4184
Email: steve.morgan@dg12.cec.be
A.Sors
European Commission
DG12
200, Rue de la Loi
B-1049 Brussels
Belgium
Tel: +32 2 295 7659
Email: andrew.sors@dg12.cec
23
6. Regional Workshop for North America (September, 24-25, 1998,
Boston, MA, USA)
Organisation and Support
The meeting was organised by Drs. Cutler Cleveland (Boston University), David Angel (Clark
University), and Robert Socolow (Princeton University), all members of the Industrial
Transformation Scientific Planning Committee. The meeting was hosted by the Center for Energy
and Environmental Studies at Boston University, and held at the Executive Leadership Center at
Boston University. The workshop was supported by a grant from the US National Science
Foundation (Grant No. OCE-9873569). There were 33 participants from the US and Canada.
Keynote Presentations
The next presentation was by Dr. Billie Turner, Chair of the IHDP Scientific Planning Committee for
the Land Use-Land Cover programme, the first and most well-established IHDP programme. The
goal of Dr. Turner’s presentation was to provide an overview of the history of the Land Use-Land
Cover programme, with emphasis on how scientists involved in the development of the IHDP-IT
Programme might benefit from the experience of the Land Use-Land Cover programme. Dr. Turner
presented an overview of the history of the development of the Science Plan and core projects, and
the experience of trying to attract funding for selected projects.
The next two presentations were designed to provide examples of what possible core research
projects might look like. Dr. David Angel presented a theme oriented around the Driving Forces of
Industrial Transformation in Asia. Nowhere are transformative dynamics of greater importance than
among the rapidly industrialising economies of Asia where the sheer size and rate of growth of
economic activity within the region means that turning the trajectory of industrialisation in Asia will
necessarily be central to global efforts to achieve the sustainability transition. Dr. Angel proposed as
a core project for IHDP-IT a program of work that will examine the scope for, and likely drivers of,
industrial transformation among the rapidly industrialising economies of Asia.
Dr. Cutler Cleveland presented a project oriented around the theme of An International Analysis of
Materials Use and Economic Growth. Theories such as dematerialization and the Environmental
Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesise that that resource depletion and pollution increase in the initial
stages of development, but then tend to fall as incomes rise, producing an inverted U-shape function.
Empirical analysis suggests that the relationship holds for some air pollutants and deforestation. The
assumed driving forces are technical improvements that decrease the quantity of materials used to
produce a good or service, substitution of new materials with more desirable properties for older
materials, changes in the structure of final demand, such as the rise of the service sector, and the
saturation of bulk markets for basic materials. While there is some support for these arguments, there
also is countervailing empirical evidence. More importantly, there are a number of outstanding
issues such as the appropriate measurement of aggregate material use, the need for more explicit and
rigorous hypothesis testing, and the extent to which these theories apply to developing nations.
Dr. Socolow presented an initial proposal that assigned participants to one of three groups: materials
intensity, carbon management, and pollution. There was considerable discussion about what relevant
topics were for the IT programme. What eventually emerged were five groups interested in the
following topics: The Behavioural Dimensions of Material Intensity, Globalisation and Industrial
Transformation, Comparative Analysis of Lifeways, Urbanisation and Industrial Transformation, and
Business Strategy & Decision Making. Dr. Socolow charged the small groups with developing two
page proposals that clearly identified how they fulfilled all the criteria for approval by IHDP-IT.
What follows is a summary of the results of the small group discussions.
24
Small Group Discussions and Core Project Development
Group 1: Dematerialization and Material Flow Analysis
This group was interested in the analysis of the efficiency of material use in economic systems and
human participation in regional and global biogeochemical cycles. Three projects were proposed:
 Project 1: The Behavioural Dimensions of Material Intensity. One indicator of Industrial
Transformation is a dematerialization of economic activity, represented by a declining material
intensity of use - or material consumption per unit of output. Efficiency improvements,
recycling, remanufacturing, miniaturisation, and many other activities on the production side
could account for this phenomenon. Household consumption bundles also may contain more
services that are less material intensive. But empirical work on dematerialization frequently has
lacked explicit and rigorous testing of hypotheses about the driving forces underlying the
observed patterns of material use. Understanding the behavioural dimensions of these activitiesbroadly defined to include social, cultural, economic, and technological factors-is the goal of
these project. This project would develop an international database and apply time series
techniques to test for of a long-term relationship between material intensities, income, and other
socio-economic factors at two stages of production: unfinished natural resource commodities and
processed materials. It also would explore the role of public policies affecting material
intensities, including recycling laws, taxes, and regulation.
 Project 2: Industrial Transformation and the Grand Biogeochemical Cycles: Carbon. Human
industrial metabolism is tied to regional and global fluxes of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus
through natural systems. We may organise understanding of industrial transformation by asking:
What are the implications for the transformation of industrial systems of actions to reduce human
interference in the grand biogeochemical cycles? The focus here is on carbon, the link between
energy use, climate, and global biological productivity.
 Project 3: Industrial Transformation and the Grand Biogeochemical Cycles: Nitrogen. The
eutrophication of many coastal waterways, the build-up in the atmosphere of nitrous oxide, a
significant greenhouse gas., and the unhealthy concentration of nitrate ions in some municipal
water supplies are all examples of human impacts on the nitrogen cycle that changing the cycle in
significant ways at many spatial scales. The use of nitrogen fertiliser is a dominant effect. Thus,
a study of human impacts on the nitrogen cycle leads to a consideration of the agriculture and
food system. Crudely speaking, carbon leads to energy and nitrogen leads to food. A possible
project area for IHDP would be to deepen our collective understanding of human impacts on the
nitrogen cycle and to identify appropriate cautionary steps in a nitrogen management regime.
Group 2: Globalisation
The increasing internationalisation or globalisation of economic processes is arguably the defining
characteristics of industrial change today. What are the consequences of such processes of economic
globalisation for industrial transformation and the environment? Tentatively, we hypothesise that
globalisation acts as an accelerator of market, trade and governance effects. It is in itself neither
universally good nor bad for industrial transformation and the environment. Rather, it serves to
intensify processes of change, whether this be the sensitivity and volatility of investment decisions to
environmental regulation and other factor costs, rapid spread of consumption patterns and lifestyles
globally, diffusion of technology, resource use, reduced ability of national governments to regulate
business directly, or other changes. Three illustrative lines of research are 1) An analysis of the
environmental footprint of investment and technology decisions made by multinational corporations
internationally; 2) Regulation and market preference. Industry both shapes and responds to market
preference in processes of product and process development. Market conditions are also shaped by
regulation, whether this be pricing (taxes) or product requirement (CFC free products); 3) What are
the implications of globalisation for the NGOs and more generally civil society to shape patterns of
industrial development? For some, globalisation has generated a profound weakening in the ability to
regulate industry. For others, globalisation has ushered in a profound enhancement of civil society
through accelerated information flow, and connections among previously fragmented networks.
25
Group 3: Comparative Analysis of Lifeways (CAL).
The household is the nexus of many key consumption, production, transformation and waste disposal
decisions and actions. Understanding these decisions and actions is essential to develop an ecological
understanding of contemporary societies, to anticipate future trajectories, and to identify leverage
points for change. A simple model provides a way to conceptualise household activities. We call
this the "3C model." Household choices, like the options on which they are based, can be viewed as
a function of the characteristics of the household and the constraints they face: Choices =
f(Constraints, Characteristics). The CAL project would address the following kinds of questions:
 What are the flows of materials and energy through the household, and what transformations take
place there?
 How are these flows and transformations influenced by physical infrastructure, interactions with
other elements in society (i.e. governments, firms and social movements-social institutions), and
the social, demographic, economic and psychological characteristics of the household?
 Where are the leverage points for change?
 How do the answers to the above questions change across households within a community,
across communities within a society and across societies?

Group 4: Urbanisation and Industrial Transformation.
Industrial transformation has important and inextricable links to urban growth and form. Increasingly,
urban settings are where human activity takes place. This proposal addresses the symmetrical
problems of (1) how industrial transformation shapes cities and (2) how urbanisation shapes
economic activity. The proposed research will adopt a multi-unit embedded case study format
designed to maximise the benefits of comparative research. Independent research teams in different
countries will work in parallel on identical topics and will meet to share results. Most teams will
characterise specific urban areas in depth along several dimensions, but at least one team will
perform a cross-cut that examines a single dimension across many cities. Tasks include: develop
standard research protocol, identify cases, collect data for each case, analyse data for each case,
compare findings across cases, perform cross-cut along a few keys dimensions, develop general
models and apply test them against cases, produce an edited volume of results.
This is a proposal for descriptive, comparative research on environment-economy links in urban
settings. It has an efficiency focus: It will map materials and energy flows, and ecological footprints,
on a comparative basis, while also mapping the relevant decision-making structures. It will seek
explanations for why efficiencies vary, and identify links to urban form. It will determine what are
the common dimensions, flows, activities, and analytical paradigms across cities, while also
specifying the extent to which cities in fully-industrialised and developing countries are different. It
will create a uniform modelling framework for pieces of this complex puzzle, an example might be a
model of land markets that accounts for irreversible land use decisions such as the development over
time of brownfields.
Group 5: Business Strategy & Decision Making.
This groups chose to outline a set of interconnected potential research programs in the general area of
internal organisational decision making and external factors affecting business strategy in the context
of global environmental change. The attempt was to generate a relatively comprehensive research
agenda in this area, and also to take advantage of current research efforts known to the participants,
of emerging knowledge bases, and of existing research networks. The following five areas were
outlined:
 Research Program I. - Intrafirm Perspective. Research questions include what are the internal
and external drivers of the adoption of environmental Codes & Standards, Techniques &
Practices by corporations? What, if any, changes in organisational process and / or strategy are
associated with the adoption of such codes and standards? What is the impact of these process
and strategic changes on corporate environmental performance, on financial performance and
other performance indicators? What is the relationship between environmental and financial
performance?
26




Research Program II. - Individual/Organisation Perspective. What is the impact of the
"professionalization" of managers on their decision-making? What is the impact of large-scale,
relatively homogeneous (i.e., North American) professional training of future corporate decision
makers on - their values; - their financial and operational orientation, etc.? And what is the
impact of exporting that model to the rest of the world?
Research Program III. - Interfirm Perspective. How are industries' structures (i.e., relationships
between firms and between firms and other organisations) changing as a result of information
technology, globalisation, institutional & market pressures, technology, etc.? What is the impact
of such changes on the nature an intensity of competition between firms? On firm- and industrylevel environmental impact?
Research Program IV. - Types of Firms & Organisation. What are major dividing lines /
distinguishing criteria between types of firms? Is the distinction between SMEs and MNCs
qualitatively real? And what is the role of supraorganizations (e.g., World Bank)? What kinds of
environmental codes, standards, techniques are SMEs adopting? What type of environmental
practices and environmental performance do SMEs exhibit? What are feasible and reasonable
environmental practices to adopt? Can Small Businesses be environmentally sensitive or even
sustainable, and if so what are supporting/inhibiting conditions?
Research Program V. - Intra-Organizational Relationships. What is the role of stakeholder
management in the move toward Corp. Environmental Management, or Sustainable
Development? Does, and if so, how does stakeholder consultation introduce a change in
corporate decision making processes and more broadly, governance issues? What role does
legislation and country specific institutional context play in the defining the type of stakeholder
relationship between firms and third parties?
27
List of Participants
Anthony Amamto
Boston University
Center For Energy & Environmental Studies
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-7556 , (617) 353-5986 (fax)
aamato@bu.edu
Clint Andrews
Rutgers University
Urban Planning, 33 Livingston Avenue
Suite 302, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
(732) 932-3822 x721, (732) 932-2253 (fax)
cja1@rci.rutgers.edu
David Angel
Clark University
Graduate School Of Geography
950 Main Street, Worcester, MA 01610
(508) 793-7388, (508) 793-8881 (fax)
angel@clarku.edu
Julia Gamas Buentello
Boston University
Department Of Geography
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-2525, (617) 353-8399 (fax)
ardilla@bu.edu
Cutler Cleveland
Boston University
Center For Energy & Environmental Studies
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-7552, (617) 353-5986 (fax)
cutler@bu.edu
Timothy Considine
The Pennsylvania State University
Dept. Of Energy, Environmental & Mineral Economics
203 Walker Building
University Park, PA 16802
(814) 863-0810, (814) 863-7433 (fax)
cpw@psu.edu
John DeYoung
US Geological Survey
GEO-ERG-MIT
988 National Center
Reston, VA 20192
(703) 648-6140, (703) 648-4995 (fax)
jdeyoung@usgs.gov
Tom Dietz
George Mason University
300 Route 2, Grand Isle, VT 05458
(802) 372-4389, TDietzVT@aol.com
Faye Duchin
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
School Of Humanities And Social Science
110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180-3590
518-276-6575, 518-276-4871 (fax)
duchin@rpi.edu
John Ehrenfeld
MIT
Technology, Business & Environment Program
E40-242-B
Cambridge, MA 02139-1309
(617) 253-1694, jehren@MIT.EDU
Thomas Graedel
Yale University
Yale School Of Forestry & Environmental Studies
Sage Hall, 205 Prospect Street
New Haven, CT 06511
(203) 432-9733, (203) 432-5556 (fax)
thomas.graedel@yale.edu
George Heaton
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
739 Commonwealth Avenue
Newton, MA 02159
(617) 965-2841, (617) 244-2505 (fax)
grheaton@aol.com
Andrew Hoffman
Boston University
School Of Management
Organizational Behavior Dept.
595 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-4287, (617) 353-5244 (fax)
ahoffman@bu.edu
Maria Ibarraran
Boston University
Geography Department
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617)3535-2525, (617) 353-8399 (fax)
maru@bu.edu
Barbara Karn
US Environmental Protection Agency
NCERQA, 401 M Street, 8722R
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 564-6824, (202) 564-2446 (fax)
karn.barbara@epamail.epa.gov
David Keith
Harvard University
Atmospheric Research Project
12 Oxford Street, Link Bldg.
Cambridge, MA O2138
(617) 495-5922, (617) 495-4902 (fax)
keith@huarp.harvard.edu
Peter Levin
Boston University
College Of Engineering
44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-2800, (617) 353-5929 (fax)
pllevin@bu.edu
Reid Lifset
Journal Of Industrial Ecology
Yale School Of Forestry & Environmental Studies
205 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511-2189
(203) 432-6949, (203) 432-5912 (fax)
reid.lifset@yale.edu
28
Emily Matthews
World Resources Institute
1709 New York Ave., N.W, Suite 200
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 662-3482
(202) 628-0878 (fax)
reip1@wri.org
Robert Socolow
Princeton University
Center For Energy And Environmental Studies
H-104 Engineering Quadrangle
Princeton, NJ 08544
(609) 258-5446
socolow@princeton.edu
William Moomaw
Tufts University
Fletcher School Of Diplomacy
Cabot Center, Medford, MA 02155
(617) 628-5000x2732
wmoomaw@emerald.tufts.edu
Valerie Thomas
Princeton University
Center For Energy & Environmental Studies
Engineering Quadrangle
P.O. Box CN5268
Princeton, NJ 08544
(609) 258-4665
(609) 258-3661 (fax)
vmthomas@princeton.edu
Vicki Norberg-Bohm
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Environmental Policy & Planning
9-328, Cambridge, MA 02139
(617) 253-5196
(617) 253-7402 (fax)
vnb@mit.edu
Michael Rock
Winrock International Institute For Agricultural
Development
Suite 600
1611 North Kent Street
Arlington, VA 22209
(703) 525-9430 x625
(703) 525-1744 (fax)
mtr@winrock.org
Eric Rodenburg
World Resources Institute
1709 New York Ave., N.W
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 662-2575
(202) 628-0878 (fax)
eric@wri.org
Don Rogich
8024 Washington Rd.
Alexandria, VA 22302
(703) 768-4878
floman@erols.com
Eugene Rosa
Washington State University
Department Of Sociology
Pullman, WA 99164-4020
(509) 335-4163
(509) 335-6419 (fax)
rosa@wsu.edu
Matthias Ruth
Boston University
Center For Energy & Environmental Studies
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-5741
(617) 353-5986 (fax)
mruth@bu.edu
Billie Turner
Clark University
Department Of Geography
950 Main Street
Worcester, MA 01610
(508) 793-8881
bturner@vax.clarku.edu
Peter Victor
Faculty Of Environmental Studies
York University
4700 Keele Street
Toronto
ONTARIO M3J 1P3
pvictor@yorku.ca
Iddo Wernick
Columbia University
Columbia Earth Institute
405 Low Library
535 West 116th Street
New York, NY 10027
(212) 854-9462
iw4@columbia.edu
Monica Winn
University Of Victoria
Faculty Of Business
PO Box 1700 STN CSC
Victoria, B.C.
V8W 2Y2
(250) 721-6071
(250) 721-6067 (fax)
miwinn@business.uvic.ca
Christine Woerlen
Boston University
Center For Energy & Environmental Studies
675 Commonwealth Avenue
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-7556
(617) 353-5986 (fax)
woerlen@bu.edu
29
7. Regional Workshop for Latin America (November 12-13, 1998,
São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil)
Keynote Presentations
Macro Systems and Incentive Structure in Latin America
In his keynote presentation on Industrial Transformation and Macro-Systems and Incentives
Structures in Latin America, Jorge Katz (CEPAL, Chile) stressed the structural heterogeneity
of the Latin American region. However, common features of Latin American economies are,
among others, import-substitution, disequilibrium and disturbances and the transition towards
deregulation of economic activities. Furthermore he mentioned that significant differences
exist between looking at economic performance at the macro level on the one hand and at the
micro-level on the other hand. While at the macro level, the economic performance of a
number of Latin American countries, for example Chile, seem to be quite well, serious
problems exist at the micro level. Examples of the latter are job creation and destruction, the
growth of multinational corporations focusing primarily on the international market and firmdemography, i.e. the rise and fall of SME’s. Much research is needed on understanding the
dynamics of firm-demography and the impact of investment and technological change on the
macro-economic structure.
In addition, Raul O’Ryan (University of Chile) presented some lessons from environmental
policy in Latin America for the three research fields that are distinguished within the IHDP-IT
framework. An important issues at the level of Macro-Systems and Incentive Structure is that
macro-economic decision-making and sectoral policies do effect the environment contrary to
what is aimed for by environmental policies. He stressed that policy-principles and the
regulatory framework matter. It is important to design the incentive structure in such a way
that different incentives works in the same direction and that environmental institutions build
up a certain level of credibility. At the level of the production system, O’Ryan mentioned
that much work has to be done on identifying win-win options and the disclosure of relevant
information for business. Furthermore he argued that international pressure hurts and that fair
deregulation is required. A key issue concerning consumption is to promote good design
capacities and to co-ordinate emerging initiatives. A general conclusion of his presentation
was that for Latin America environmental management is more important than environmental
technology as such.
Material/Energy and Technology in Latin America: The next keynote presentation, titled
‘Material/Energy and Technology in Latin America – The Experience of the Mexican
Maquiladoras in the USA-Mexico border’ was given by Alfonso Mercado from Colegio de la
Frontera, Mexico and focussed on industrial activities and their environmental impact in Latin
America. Maquilladoras are industrial plants in the USA-Mexico border under an
international sub-contracting scheme. They are set free from domestic taxes but are not
allowed to produce for the domestic market. The maquiladora industry in Mexico has been
growing rapidly and more dynamically than the manufacturing sector, creating a lot of
employment. As an unfortunate side effect of this expansion, the volume of industrial
pollution has been increasing. The maquiladoras sector is in general not ’hampered’ by
environmental regulation. This lack of environmental regulation stems from the absence of a
well-defined incentive structure, high costs of industrial equipment and the fact that the
environmental impact of industrial activities is not integrated in the policies of the
management. An additional problem with respect to design environmental policy is the
monopoly power of some industries. The petro-chemical industry for example, is because of
its monopoly power ‘out of environmental law’.
30
Agro-Industry Scenarios for Latin America: The next presentation was given by Luis
Fernando Vieira, EMBRAPA, Brazil. He presented recent developments in the LatinAmerican agro-industry, focussing on consumers and consumption trends, technological
status and demands, and environmental impacts. Over the last decade the agro-industry has
become one of the most important sector in Latin America. Vieira argued that the behaviour
of food consumers in Latin America is becoming highly sophisticated and demanding
following international trends. This implies that the demand for convenience, nutritional
value, safety and good taste grows rapidly and steadily, boosted by an increase of imported
products and the marketing strategy of trans-national companies. The food retailing sector is
becoming more important in passing on to the production sector information on (changes in)
consumer demand and -behaviour. Furthermore, Vieira stressed the fact that while the agroindustrial system has been going through processes of deep organisational and technological
changes, important environmental issues related to the agro-industry still need to be
addressed. Among these issues are: soil losses, misuse of agrochemicals, loss of genetic
variability and diversity, water bodies contamination, excessive use of water and the use of
environmental hazardous substances. These environmental impacts are related to both the
processing as the agricultural sector. Moreover, these problems have been in the Center of the
environmental debate and has a lot in common to modern agricultural problems elsewhere.
IHDP-IT and LUCC: The Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) Program is an IHDPsponsored project that is five years ahead, and for this reason LUCC might lights the way in
which the IHDP-IT project can be developed. Thelma Krug of the Instituto Nacional de
Pesquisas Espaciais, Brazil, and working in the LUCC project presented the IHDP-LUCC
initiative to the meeting. The very reason to start the LUCC project was the fact that land use
and land cover change are central to the interest of the science of global environmental
change. Furthermore, they are a significant agent of global change which both influences and
is affected by climate change, loss of biodiversity and the sustainability of humanenvironment interactions. Aims of the LUCC project are a) to create a transdisciplinary
approach in dealing with the above mentioned issues b) to build on existing loci of excellence
in the field and c) to engage regional communities.
IHDP-IT and IPCC: Bert Metz, vice-chair of Working Group III (‘Mitigation’) of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), gave a keynote presentation on the
research needs as identified by the IPCC. The IPCC is a scientific platform that serves as an
interface between policy and science in the field of climate change. Metz argued that
streamlining, focusing and co-ordination of research helps to influence the policy community.
Therefore, the IHDP-IT project is a valuable initiative. With respect to the relation between
IPCC and IHDP-IT: in fact all the questions IPCC is addressing, except from Land Use which is addressed by LUCC-, are questions that drive the IHDP-IT initiative. For example,
the field of IPCC Working Group II, adaptation to climate change, is obviously of relevance
to IHDP-IT since human dimension of climate change can be interpreted as just an other word
for adaptation to climate change. An important issue IPCC is dealing with is the issue of
technology transfer for sustainable development. What is needed here, is an overall picture of
how transformations to environmental beneficial technologies occur. Technology transfer is a
very complicated field to study: it includes, inter alia, the role of governments, private
industry and NGOs as well as barriers, opportunities and market potential of technologies and
practices. IHDP-IT can play an important role here, for example through the development of
socio-economic scenarios. Finally Metz evoked social scientists to contribute to the 3rd IPCC
Assessment Report, to be finalised in 2001.
Key Issues for IT in the Latin American Region
1) Energy
This group was interested by developments in the energy sector in Latin America. The
proposed project consists of two steps. First, to make a diagnosis of the actual energy sector
in Latin America and second to develop alternative energy scenarios for Latin America.
31
Concerning the first, particular interest is demonstrated in the driving forces behind changes
in the energy production and consumption.
2) Governability and Accountability
This topic concerns the idea that society must design and implement the mechanisms that
ensure that industrial transformation advances towards sustainability. To achieve
governability and accountability there is need for applied work on: defining criteria to
prioritise environmental action; concepts and methodologies to promote participation;
understanding the relation between international environmental and trade agreements , macro
level decisions and sectoral and local level actions; the design and implementation of
effective policies; the design and implementation of effective monitoring and enforcement
strategies; and the definition of specific processes that could promote accountability by the
public sector to environmental objectives. Initially the following projects have been identified
for Latin America, however it is possible that in many cases Asian countries could be
considered:
(1) Environmental Priority Setting: Concepts, Methodology and Case Studies in Three
Developing Countries.
(2) Effects of Increasing Global Interdependence of Economic Systems and Governing
Structure on the Ability of Local Areas to manage the Use of Natural Resources and
Impacts on the Local and Global Environment.
(3) Urbanisation, Social Participation and Sustainability of Industrial Transformation in the
Metropolitan Areas of Latin America : the Cases of Sao Paulo, Santiago and Mexico City.
(4) Designing Optimal Intervention Strategies and Instruments to Improve Environmental
Quality in Developing Country Cities : Case Studies for Santiago, Mexico City and Sao
Paulo.
(5) Governability and Legitimacy for a Sustainable Society.
(6) Strategies for Public Participation in the Local Management of Socio-Environmental
Policy in the Framework of International Economic and Environmental Agreements.
(7) Redirecting Environmental Public Policies to achieve Compliance of Existing National
Regulations and International Agreements
3) Natural Resources
This group was interested in the analysis of the driving forces and environmental impacts of
the natural resources management. Two projects were proposed and discussed.
(1). Driving Forces and Environmental Impacts of the Agro-industrial System.
During recent years the food sector has become one of the most important economic subsectors of Chile, Brazil and other Latin-American countries. Therefore it is important to:
a) Assess the environmental impacts of the agro-industrial activity through the life
cycle perspective.
b) Describe the agro-industrial system and its driving forces, i.e. international and
national commodity markets, consumer behaviour and consumption patterns,
property rights, food processing and distributing standards and public policy.
(2). Driving Forces of Water management and Use in Big Cities.
Water is becoming a key environmental issue in the big cities. In recognition of this it was
proposed to study: a) the way in which global and regional environmental and social forces
drive and interact with the water public management and the patterns of water use at the level
of a city’s basin; b) how public policies and institutional nets shape social patterns of water
use in the city and how effective they manage the stresses and vulnerabilities associated to the
environmental changes.
4) Production structure
This topic is about the relationship between changes in the production structure and the
environment in Latin America. The main objective of this proposal is to examine this
relationship at three levels of analysis in a selected group of Latin American countries. Such
levels are: macro, meso and micro. That is to say, at the level of aggregate variables in the
economy, in specific sectors and factor markets, and in the sphere of individual economic
agents.
32
List of Participants
ARGENTINA
Dr. Osvaldo Girardin
Economics, Energy
Fundación Bariloche
IDEE
Piedras 482, 2o. Piso
Departamento H
1070 Buenos Aires
phone: +54.1.331.1816/1649
fax: +54.1.334.4717
email: ideefb@mbox.servicenet.com.ar
Dr.Luis Fernando Vieira
EMBRAPA
Av. das Américas, 29.501.
Pedra de Guaratiba
Rio de Janeiro-RJ
Phone: +55.21.410.7400
fax: +55.21.410.1090
email: lfvieira@cnps.embrapa.br
BRAZIL
Dr. Eduardo J. Viola
Universidade de Brasília
Depto. de Relações Internacionais, IPR
C.P. 04561
Brasília, DF 70919-970
phone: +55.61.348.2426/344.2669(home)
fax: +55.61.273.3930/344.5684
email: eduviola@linkexpress.com.br
Prof. Dr. Manuel Cesario
Universidade Católica de Brasília
Centre for Studies on Environment Sciences and
Technologies
SMPW 15 Cj. 6 Cs. 10
Park Way, Brasília 71.745.150
phone: +55.61.972.3243
fax: +55.61.365.3353
email: cesario@pos.ucb.br
Dr. Francisco Galrão Carneiro
Regional development, Applied Economics
Universidade Católica de Brasília
Mestrado em Economia de Empresas
Pro-Reitoria de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa
SGAN 916 - Modulo B
70.390-045 Brasilia –DF
email: carneiro@pos.ucb.br
Dr. Ualfrido de Carlo
Architecture,Environmental Urbanism, Energy
USP, Rua General Vitorino Monteiro, 112
05053-060 – São Paulo, SP
phone/fax: +55.11.262.1979
email: ealfrido@uol.com.br
Prof. Lúcio Grinover
Architecture,Environmental Urbanism, Energy
USP_Universidade de São Paulo
Rua Tabapuã, 821 conj. 86
Itaim-Bibi, 04533-013-SP
phone: +55.11.829.9977
fax: +55.11.829.9437
Dr. Jean-Louis Le Guerroue
Agroindustry, Food production
Universidade Católica de Brasília
SQN 209, BL D, Apto 505
70854-040 Brasília- DF
phone: +55.61 340 55 50(off.)/349 01 50(home)
e-mail guerroue@pos.ucb.br
Prof. Rebeca Scherer
Universidade de São Paulo
Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Rua Angelina Maffrei Vita 370 apto. 11
São Paulo 01455-070-SP
phone:+55.11.212.0703
fax: +55.11.211.5999
email: rscherer@usp.br
Dr. Telma Krug
Member of LUCC-SSC
INPER-Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
Av. dos Astronautas, 1758
Jd da Granja, 12227-010
São José dos Campos-SP
phone: +55.12.345.6450
fax:+55.12.345.6460
email: telma@ltid.inpe.br
Professor Doutor Henrique Rattner
ABDL-Associação Brasileira para o
Desenvolvimento de Lideranças
Coordenador de Projetos
Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 532 Prédio 56
Cidade Universitária/USP
05508-901-São Paulo/SP
phone: +55.11.819.1532/869.5662/3766.2682
fax+55.11.869.4222
e-mail: rattner@nhi.lead.org.br
CHILE
Mr. Raul O’Ryan
Universidad de Chile
Departamento de Ingenieria Industrial;
República 701, Casilla 2777, Santiago
phone: +56.2.6784524/678.4053
fax: +56.2.689.7895
email: roryan@dii.uchile.cl
Dr. Alejandro Leon
Universidad de Chile
1955 E 6th St.
Tucson, AZ 85719 USA
phone: +1.520.881.3967
fax: +1.520.621.3816
email: alexleon@ag.arizona.edu
COSTA RICA
Mr. Victor Eduardo Montero Dien
Universidad de Costa Rica
Vice Presidency of Social Extension &
Faculty of Education
Ave. 4, rua 1 y 3, # 162
Guadalupe, Goicochea, San José
phone: +506.207.4287/4170/4001
fax: +506.225.3749
email: vemonter@cariari.ucr.ac.cr
33
CUBA
Dr. Barbara Garea
Ministerio de Ciência, Tecnologia y Medio
Ambiente
Agencia de Ciências y Tecnologia
Calle 20 esq. 18A. Miramar
Ciudad de la Habana
phone: +53.7.229.372
fax: +53.7.249.460
email: acyt@ceniai.inf.cu or
dcicitma@ceniai.inf.cu
ECUADOR
Mr. Fausto Peñafiel
Corporation OIKOS
Luxemburgo 172 y Holanda
Quito
Tel/fax: +593.2.590.382
email: gateway@britcoun.org.ec
Dr. Juan Carlos Blum
Energy and Environmental Efficiency – Efficácitas
Consulting Ltd.
Co., Riobamba 607
PO Box 10009, Guayaquil
phone: +593.4.386.572/308-087
fax: +593.4.381.496
email: jcblum@gye.satnet.net
MEXICO
Dr. Patricia Romero Lankao
Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco
Dept. de Política y Cultura
Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud
Mexico City, 04960
phone: +52.5.724.5110
fax: +52.5.594.9100
email: rolp7543@cueyatl.mx
Dr. Alfonso Mercado
Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF)
Depto. de Estudios Económicos
Tijuana, B. C.
phone: +52.66.31.3535
fax: +52.66.31.2048
email: amercado@colef.mx
URUGUAY
Mr. Alfredo Albin
INIA-Instituto Nacional de Investigación
Agropecuária
Las Brujas-Ruta 48 Km.10
Rincon del Colorado
C.Correo 33085 Las Piedras
phone: +598. 367.641
fax: +598.367.609
email: aalbin@inia.org.uy
Mr. Carlos Negro
INIA-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones
Agropecuária.
Andes 1365 piso 12
C. P. 11100-Montevideo
phone: +598.2.902.0550/908.5752(home)
fax: +598.2.902.3633
email: charlie@inia.org.uy
UNITED STATES
Dr. Dale Rothman
Columbia University
Biosphere 2 Center
32540 S. Biosphere Road
PO Box 689, Oracle AZ 85623
phone: +1.520.896.6420
fax: +1.520.896.6214
email: drothman@bio2.edu
OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
Dr. Jorge Katz
CEPAL (Headquarters Chile)
Division of Products & Entrepreneurship
Development
Casilla 179
D. Santiago
Chile
phone:+56.2.210.2646/2651
email:jkatz@eclac.cl
Dr. Bert Metz
RIVM/MNV
P.O. Box 1
3720 BA BILTHOVEN
The Netherlands
Tel. +31 30 2743990
Fax. +31 30 2744435
Email: bert.metz@rivm.nl
STEERING COMMITTE
Dr. Robert Socolow
Princeton University
email: socolow@princeton.edu
Dr. Mauricio Tolmasquim
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Depto. de Planejamento Energético
Centro de Tecnologia Bl. G
C.P. 68501
Rio de Janeiro 21945-970 – RJ
phone: +55.21.560.8995/8852
fax: +55.21.560.8995
email: tolmasquim@ppe.ufrj.br
Dr. Armando Rabuffetti-Director
IAI-Inter-American Insitute for Global Change
Research
c/o INPE Av. dos Astronautas, 1758
12227-010, São José dos Campos-SP
Brazil
phone: +55.12.345.6854/55/56
fax: +55.12.341.4410
email: armando@dir.iai.int
Mr. Peter Mulder
Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM)
Vrije Universiteit
De Boelelaan 1115
The Netherlands
phone: +31.20.4449 515, fax: +31.20.4449 553
email: peter.mulder@ivm.vu.nl
Ms. Marcella Ohira
IAI-Inter-American Institute for Global Change
Research
email: marcella@dir.iai.int
34
8. Regional Workshop for Africa (November 16-17, 1998, Nairobi,
Kenya)
Organisation and Support
The Workshop was opened by Professor Eric Odada, Programme Director of the Pan African
START Secretariat who welcomed the participants and indicated START's gratitude for the
support from UNEP and IHDP for hosting and organising this workshop. The Representative
of the UNEP Executive Director, Mr. Donald Kaniaru, Director of Environmental Law and
Policy welcomed the participants to UNEP. He stressed that industrial development was
central to the structural transformation of African economies to increase income and
employment and to diversify exports. In Africa, there was a growing consensus that
accelerated economic transformation would depend on the synergies between industrial and
agricultural development. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) and UN Economic
Commission for Africa (ECA) have placed African industrialisation high on their agendas-and UNEP was focusing its efforts on how to integrate environmental issues within this
process. He drew attention to the many opportunities for future collaboration between UNEP,
OAU, ECA, START and the IHDP to promote research and capacity building in Africa
related to Industrial Transformation issues. Dr. H.L. Kaane, Director, Kenya Industrial
Research & Development Institute (KIRDI) was invited to serve as the Chairman of the
Workshop.
Key Issues for IT in the African Region
It is impossible to reflect fully the very rich and dynamic discussion which took place
throughout the workshop. This debate was greatly facilitated by the excellent opening
presentation and paper by D. Titus Adeboye, Executive Director of the African Technology
Development Link entitled: "Comments and Suggestion on Industrial Transformation
Research in Africa". His review of potential research priorities stimulated a very active
exchange among the participants. That discussion identified several priority issues and factors
which may have a significant influence on industrial transformation in Africa, including:
Industry and Poverty Alleviation; Technology, including traditional technologies and
innovation and access to "appropriate" technology which produces goods and services for the
African market; Infrastructure and Industrial Transformation; Education and Capacity
Building; Agriculture/Food: a)crops and b)grazing; Energy for industry and rural
development; Cities and Industrial Transformation; Governance/institutional aspects,
including failures of environmental policy; Informal Sector/Micro-enterprises; Maintenance
and Repair; Trade and Industrial Transformation: Local, regional and global; Social attitudes
and culture; and Africa's debt burden.
There was a clear consensus that Poverty Alleviation and the Promotion of Prosperity was the
major overriding theme for industrial transformation in Africa. The harsh economic, social
and institutional realities of Africa, made industrial development an urgent requirement. For
Africa, Industrial Transformation implied a strategy which would achieve both Africa's
immediate economic and social needs as well as its future environmental objectives.
Following very extensive discussions with a view to narrowing and integrating the list of
issues and setting a few priorities for possible future research, the participants agreed with the
following set of priority themes under the overarching theme of Poverty Alleviation which fit
within the present "core" categories which had been recently proposed by the Scientific
Planning Committee of the IHDP-IT:
 Cities and Industrial Transformation: the provision of environmental services in cities,
the role of industrial transformation on rural/urban/global migration
 Energy: sustainable energy systems for rural development
35


Food (Agriculture): ways to improve agriculture production and processing in Africa
Transformation Tools: the role of informal sector/micro-enterprises in industrial
transformation of Africa
At the end of the discussion of priorities, various participants volunteered to prepare short
project ideas which would set out the justification, key research questions, and general outline
of potential project activities for each of the priority areas. At the same time, the participants
indicated that they would collaborate together to develop an informal research network
related to each of these questions which would begin to pull together researchers from all
around Africa and possibly other regions working in these fields. START indicated its
willingness to provide support for developing these initiatives and UNEP and IHDP also
noted their readiness to assist.
Throughout the meeting, in both formal and informal sessions, there was a very positive
atmosphere regarding the need to follow-up this workshop and to try to pursue these critical
research questions and policy issues in a more co-ordinated and integrated fashion than in the
past. The need for broad interdisciplinary and international collaboration in this effort was
recognised. A number of suggestions were made about how OAU, UNEP and ECA and other
relevant organisation in Africa (e.g. AMCEN) might be able to promote and facilitate
research in these areas in future. Several participants, including those representing UNEP,
START, and IHDP stressed their readiness to help facilitate the follow-up process from this
Workshop.
Concluding Remarks
Eric Odada, on behalf of START, Workshop Chairman Dr. Kaane, and Mr. Cheikh O. Sow,
Deputy Director of the UNEP Regional Office for Africa, all indicated their appreciation for
the active and constructive input of all the participants.
List of Participants
BOTSWANA
Dr. Aston Chipanshi
Lecturer
Environmental Science
University of Botswana
Private Bag 0022
Gaborone
TELEPHONE: (267) 355 2515
E-MAIL: Chipanshi@noka.ub.bw
ETHIOPIA
Dr. Joan C. Kagwanja
Agricultural Economist
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
P.O. Box 5689
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
TELEPHONE: (251 1) 613215
TELEFAX (251 1) 611 892
E-MAIL: J.Kagwanja@cgiar.org
GERMANY
Dr. Larry R. Kohler
Executive Director
International Human Dimensions Programme
on Global Environmental Change (IHDP)
Walter-Flex-Strasse 3
D-53113 Bonn
Germany
TELEPHONE: (49-0) 228 73 90 50
TELEFAX: (49-0) 228 73 90 54
E-MAIL: ihdp@uni-bonn.de
INDIA
Mrs. Dr. Leena Srivastava
Dean, Policy Analysis Division
Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI)
Habitat Place, Lodhi Road
New Delhi - 110 003
India
TELEPONE: (91-11) 462 2246
TELEFAX: (91-11) 462 1770
E-MAIL: leena@teri.res.in
KENYA
Prof. Eric. O. Odada
Programme Director
Pan African START Secretariat (PASS)
University of Nairobi, Department of Geology
Chiromo Campus
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 447 740
TELEFAX: (254 2) 449 539
E-MAIL: pagesnbo@form-net.com
Dr. Mary Opondo
Lecturer
University of Nairobi
Department of Geography
36
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE:(254 2) 713039
TELEFAX: (254 2) 713039
E-MAIL: maggie@swiftkenya.com
Prof. Paul K. Ndalut
Moi University, Department of Chemistry
P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 0321) 43042
TELEFAX: (254 0321) 43047
Prof. Dominic W. Makawiti
Head of Dept & Associate Dean
University of Nairobi
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 442 534
TELEFAX: (254 2) 442 841
E-MAIL: Dmakawiti@kenhealthnet.org
Dr. Titus Adeboye
Executive Director
African Technology Development Link
P.O. Box 47149, Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 712 556
TELEFAX: (254 2) 710 654
E-MAIL: techlink@malone.net
Dr. Maurice Ndege
Executive Director
Africa Water Network
P.O. Box 10538
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 541 288/555579/556943
TELEFAX: (254 2) 555513
E-MAIL: awn@liion.meteo.go.ke
Dr. Eng. H. L Kaane
Director
Kenya Industrial Research & Development
Institute (KIRDI)
P.O. Box 30650
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 556 362
TELEFAX: (254 2) 540 166
E-MAIL: Director@arcc.or.ke
Dr. Ben Okech
Senior Research Fellow
Institute of Development Studies (IDS)
P.O. Box 30197
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPHONE:(254 2) 334 244 Ext.28519/337436
TELEFAX: (254 2) 22 036
Ms.Clarice Odhiambo
Senior Engineer
Coca Cola Africa
P.O. Box 30134
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPHONE: (254 2) 712271
TELEFAX: (254 2) 712 490
E-MAIL: codhiambo@afr.ko.com
Dr. Charles Diarra
Kenyatta University
P.O. Box 43844
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 556 591
TELEFAX: (254 2) 542 320
E-MAIL: Panaf@insight.ke.com
SENEGAL
Dr. Mame Demba Thiam
Maître Assistant
University of Dakar
Department of Geography
B.P. 24325, Ouakam, Dakar, Senegal
TELEPHONE: (221) 824 6370 Ext.138
TELEFAX: (221) 824 4918
E-MAIL: mathiam@ecossen.refer.sn
SOUTH AFRICA
Mr. Clive R. Turner
Corporate Consultant
Eskom Technology Research Division
Private Bag 40175
Cleveland 2022, South Africa
TELEPONE: (27 11) 629 5060
TELEFAX: (27 11) 625 5338
E-MAIL: clive.Turner@eskom.co.za
UNITED NATIONS CENTRE FOR HUMAN
SETTLEMENTS (HABITAT)
Dr. Brian Williams
Transport Focal Point
UNCHS, RDD, BITS
P.O. Box 30030
Nairobi
TELEPONE: (254 2) 623916
TELEFAX: (254 2) 624265
E-MAIL: brian.williams@unchs.org
UNEP
Mr. Cheikh O. Sow
Deputy Director
Regional Office for Africa
P.O. Box 30522
Nairobi, Kenya
TELEPONE: (254 2) 624285
TELEFAX: (254 2) 623928
E-MAIL: cheikh.sow@unep.org
Mr. James Kamara, Programme Officer
TELEPONE: (254 2) 624288
E-MAIL: James.Kamara@unep.org
Mr. Yinka Adebayo, Programme Officer
TELEPONE: (254 2) 623444
E-MAIL:Yinka.Adebayo@unep.or
37