Geelong Health Profile
1
Contents
Introduction ...................................................................................................... 6
Healthy safe and inclusive communities........................................................ 8
Summary ............................................................................................................................... 8
Personal health and wellbeing .........................................................................................9
Self reported health .............................................................................................................. 9
Subjective wellbeing.............................................................................................................. 9
Life expectancy .................................................................................................................... 10
Adequate physical exercise ................................................................................................. 10
Fruit consumption ............................................................................................................... 11
Vegetable consumption ...................................................................................................... 11
Obesity ................................................................................................................................ 12
Smoking status .................................................................................................................... 12
Risky alcohol consumption .................................................................................................. 12
Psychological distress .......................................................................................................... 13
Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes ............................................................................................ 13
Gambling ............................................................................................................................. 14
Community connectedness ............................................................................................ 14
Feeling part of the community ............................................................................................ 14
Social support ...................................................................................................................... 15
Volunteering ........................................................................................................................ 15
Parental participation in schools ......................................................................................... 15
Early Childhood.............................................................................................................. 15
Australian Early Development Index ................................................................................... 15
Child health assessments .................................................................................................... 16
Immunisation ...................................................................................................................... 17
Breastfeeding ...................................................................................................................... 17
Personal and community safety ..................................................................................... 18
Perceptions of safety........................................................................................................... 18
Crime ................................................................................................................................... 19
Family violence .................................................................................................................... 20
Road safety .......................................................................................................................... 20
Workplace safety................................................................................................................. 21
2
Lifelong learning ............................................................................................................ 21
Home internet access .......................................................................................................... 21
Apprenticeship and vocational training enrolments........................................................... 22
Destinations of school leavers ............................................................................................ 23
School retention .................................................................................................................. 24
Access to government schools ............................................................................................ 25
Service availability ......................................................................................................... 25
Access to services ................................................................................................................ 25
Dynamic resilient local economies ............................................................... 27
Summary ............................................................................................................................. 27
Economic activity ........................................................................................................... 27
Retained retail spending ..................................................................................................... 27
Highly skilled workforce ...................................................................................................... 28
Business growth .................................................................................................................. 28
Skills .............................................................................................................................. 29
Educational qualifications ................................................................................................... 29
Employment .................................................................................................................. 29
Employment rate................................................................................................................. 29
Unemployment ................................................................................................................... 30
Local employment ............................................................................................................... 31
Work-life balance........................................................................................................... 32
Adequate work life balance ................................................................................................ 32
Income and wealth ........................................................................................................ 33
Income ................................................................................................................................. 33
Distribution of income ........................................................................................................ 33
Per capita wealth................................................................................................................. 34
Food security ....................................................................................................................... 34
Culturally rich and vibrant communities ...................................................... 35
Summary ............................................................................................................................. 35
Arts and Cultural Activities ............................................................................................. 35
Opportunities to participate in arts and cultural activities ................................................. 35
Participation in arts and cultural activities.......................................................................... 36
Leisure and recreation ................................................................................................... 36
Opportunities to participate in sporting and recreation activities ..................................... 36
3
Participation in sporting and recreational activities ........................................................... 37
Cultural diversity ........................................................................................................... 37
Community acceptance of diverse cultures ........................................................................ 37
Sustainable built and natural environments ................................................ 38
Summary ............................................................................................................................. 38
Transport accessibility.................................................................................................... 38
Transport limitations ........................................................................................................... 38
Public transport patronage ................................................................................................. 39
Dedicated walking and cycling trails ................................................................................... 40
Practical non car opportunities ........................................................................................... 41
Roads and footpaths ........................................................................................................... 41
Access to public transport ................................................................................................... 42
School walkability ................................................................................................................ 42
Housing ......................................................................................................................... 43
Housing and affordability .................................................................................................... 43
Sustainable energy use .................................................................................................. 44
Greenhouse gas emissions .................................................................................................. 44
Household electricity use .................................................................................................... 45
Household gas use............................................................................................................... 45
Renewable energy use ........................................................................................................ 45
Water ............................................................................................................................ 45
Condition of natural streams and waterways ..................................................................... 45
Water consumption ............................................................................................................ 46
Waste water recycling ......................................................................................................... 46
Open Space ................................................................................................................... 46
Access to areas of public open space .................................................................................. 46
Appearance of public space ................................................................................................ 49
Air Quality ..................................................................................................................... 49
Air quality ............................................................................................................................ 49
Biodiversity ................................................................................................................... 49
Native vegetation cover ...................................................................................................... 49
Carbon sequestration .......................................................................................................... 50
Weeds and pests ................................................................................................................. 50
Waste Management ...................................................................................................... 50
4
Household waste generation .............................................................................................. 50
Household waste recycling.................................................................................................. 50
Democratic and engaged communities ........................................................ 52
Summary ............................................................................................................................. 52
Citizen engagement ....................................................................................................... 52
Opportunity to have a say on important issues .................................................................. 52
Participation in citizen engagement.................................................................................... 52
Female local councillors ...................................................................................................... 53
Opportunity to vote for a trustworthy political candidate ................................................. 53
Membership of local community organisations and decision making bodies .................... 54
References ...................................................................................................... 55
5
Introduction
The Community Indicators Victoria (CIV) Data Framework March 20131 is a comprehensive
framework of indicators, and has been used to inform the City of Greater Geelong’s Municipal
Public Health and Wellbeing Plan 2013-2017: Health Profile.
The Health Profile has been populated using data compiled and presented by the CIV. Where
CIV indicators are still ‘under development’, and data not provided at the LGA level, efforts have
been made to source other reputable and repeatable data sources.
Community Indicators Victoria (CIV) Data Framework:
The framework, a sustainable state-wide system of local community wellbeing indicators,
enables a consistent approach to measuring health and wellbeing. The framework was
commissioned by VicHealth in 2005-06, and was determined by the Victorian Community
Indicators Project (VCIP). CIV is the operationalisation of the VCIP.
The framework provides indicator measures for five major domains of community wellbeing:
1. Healthy, safe and inclusive communities
A vibrant, resilient and sustainable community recognises the efforts of its volunteers and
seeks equality for its citizens. Its members are physically and mentally healthy, have a
sense of wellbeing, are connected to others and have access to a range of services. It is a
community that nurtures its children and young people and embraces learning. Attributes
such as meaningful work – be it paid or unpaid – or spending more time with the family are
important to such a society. The social dimension reinforces the desire to have a society
built on mutual respect, self-restraint and generosity of spirit, one that creates opportunities
for people to participate in community life and self-realisation.2
2. Dynamic, resilient and fair economies
Innovation and creativity are required if local economies are to thrive in the coming century.
This recognises that work is vital for our wellbeing and, whether inside or outside the home,
it makes a valuable contribution to our individual wellbeing and the economy. Vibrant local
economies are required to sustain vibrant local communities. Local employment is highly
desirable as it minimises the personal and environmental costs of travel. When people work
locally they are embedded in the local community and are more inclined to contribute to the
social life of the community and retail spending is retained. Wealth is distributed so that
everyone’s basic needs are met, and quality of life is attained irrespective of advantage,
disadvantage or circumstance. It is also recognised that development must be undertaken
in a sustainable fashion with all environmental impacts minimised. Businesses pride
themselves on being environmentally responsible. The economic theme is strongly tied to a
skilled workforce and thus the education and skill levels of its citizens. It is envisioned that
our schools will be dedicated to creating capable, confident, emotionally mature young
people who are equipped to reach their full potential.2
Community Indicators Victoria, 2013, ‘Community Indicators Victoria Data Framework: March 2013’ accessed 30 May
2013 [http://www.communityindicators.net.au/metadata_items]
2
VCIP Project Team, 2006, ‘Measuring wellbeing engaging communities: Developing a Community Indicators
Framework for Victoria: The final report of the Victorian Community Indicators Project (VCIP), Published by the Institute
of Community Engagement and Policy Alternatives (ICEPA), Victoria University, the VicHealth Centre for the Promotion
of Mental Health and Social Well Being, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne and the Centre for
Regional Development, Swinburne University of Technology.
1
6
3. Sustainable built and natural environments
It is recognised that we are dependent on the natural world to sustain our lives. The natural
world provides clean air and water; detoxifies pollutants, and provides raw materials for
building, transport and food production. Landscapes, plants and animals have intrinsic value
and enrich our lives by providing experiences and recreational opportunities. In urban
settings, parks and gardens contribute to people’s sense of wellbeing.
A community that values the environment minimises its impacts, uses resources wisely, and
protects biodiversity. Renewable energy is used to power our lifestyles and industry,
combined with reliable public transport networks and bicycle and walking paths, which
reduce reliance on the car, minimising greenhouse gas emissions. New houses are built to
incorporate sustainable design features and older houses are retrofitted to maximise
efficiency. Waste is minimised, and waste and water recycled with the overall aim of
reducing our ecological footprint to allow sustainable living. Indicators in this domain will
provide important information for council policies and plans, including: an MSS,
Environmental Policy, Transport, Economic Development, Housing Strategy, Youth, Aged
Care, Asset Management, Local Laws, Social Policy and Planning, Heritage and Urban
Design.2
4. Democratic and active citizenship
In a democratic community, people participate in decision-making and local government
processes are transparent and accountable. People have confidence that government will
make good decisions and run for elected positions. Because they are engaged they feel
empowered, that they have personal political efficacy and that they are in control of their
destinies. People feel that they have equality before the law and fair and equal access to
the justice system. Media ownership is shared, government is accountable and events ar
reported accurately.2
5. Culturally rich and vibrant communities
Our culture and leisure activities shape our community identity. Art, film and literature reflect
and comment on the social issues of the times. A culturally rich community protects heritage
sites, preserves social knowledge and provides opportunities to participate in sporting and
recreational activity – all of which assist in creating a better work–life balance. It is also a
community that celebrates diversity and is welcoming to people of diverse cultures.
Indicators in this domain will provide important information for council policies and plans,
including: Leisure and Recreation, Neighbourhood Action Plans, Social Policy and Planning,
Heritage, Integration, Diversity, Public Health and Urban Design. 2
Where has data come from?
Data for the Community Indicators Victoria framework comes from a range of sources, including
the Australian Bureau of Statistics, existing administrative data, existing surveys, the state-wide
VicHealth Indicators Survey (2011) and Community Indicators Victoria Survey (2007).
Existing administrative data sources include Victorian Government departments such as the
Department of Victorian Communities, the Department of Human Services, and the Department
of Sustainability and Environment.
For more information on the Community Indicators Data Framework and for further
explanation on data in this health profile, please visit www.communityindicators.net.au
7
Healthy safe and inclusive communities
Summary
Approximately 60 per cent of Greater Geelong adult residents report overall good health.
However, 53.8 per cent of adults in Greater Geelong have been identified as overweight or
obese. There is substantial research available that suggests that inactivity, high intakes of
energy dense foods, low intakes of nutrient dense foods and large portion sizes have a large
impact on the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and ultimately health. Just over 60 per cent
of the municipality are meeting recommended physical activity levels, meaning there are nearly
40 per cent of the municipality who are not engaging in 30 minutes or more of physical activity
on most days of the week. It is also recommended that adults consume two serves of fruit and
five serves of vegetables per day. Just over 50 per cent of adults are consuming their
recommended fruit and 10 per cent are meeting their recommended vegetable intake per day.
Research strongly shows that drinking excess levels of alcohol and smoking can have impacts
on health and wellbeing. In the municipality, 18 per cent of adults were identified as smokers,
with a higher number of male smokers than females. In addition, nearly 12 per cent of adults in
the municipality were regularly drinking at risky levels, and again, males appear to be at more
risk than females.
In terms of mental health and wellbeing, just fewer than 10 per cent of adults in the municipality
are at risk of psychological distress, which is relatively similar to the state. Geelong also
recorded slightly above average in ‘feeling part of the community’ (average index score above
70 – Geelong scored 74.3) and over 90 per cent of the community feel they have someone to
help them in times of need.
Volunteering and participation in schools provide opportunities for social connections, personal
satisfaction, self esteem and self confidence. Volunteering levels are low in the municipality and
parental participation in schools levels have dropped.
Gambling can seriously affect many aspects of an individual’s life and can also affect family
members, friends and carers. Geelong also has a higher number of Electronic Gaming
Machines (EGMs) per 100,000 of population and a higher gaming expenditure per adult
resident than the state.
Ensuring children are healthy can reduce later incidences of chronic disease. The number of
parents taking their children to 3.5 year old ages and stages for Maternal and Child Health
(MCH) checks has improved and immunisation rates are over 90 per cent for children 12-15
months of age. The results from the 2012 Australian Early Development Index demonstrate that
9.3 per cent of children in the municipality are vulnerable on 2 or more domains. These results
indicate that the proportion of vulnerable children remains below the State and National
average; however this is not the case for all suburbs within the municipality. Whittington and
Corio were the worst performing suburbs, not performing well against the state and national
averages across all five domains. St Leonards/Indented Head did not perform well against state
and national averages in four of the domains.
Perceptions of safety are high in Greater Geelong, although crime and family violence has
increased over the years.
Education and training has seen some big changes, with significant drops across all age groups
in people enrolling in vocational education and training. For example, of those 15-19 years of
8
age there has been a 25.76 per cent drop in vocational education and training enrolments
between 2006 and 2011. Of 15-19 year olds who were not attending school in 2011, 18.1 per
cent were not engaged in work or other forms of study. For 17 year olds, 78.4 per cent were still
attending secondary school, however there were also 12.1 per cent not attending any
educational institution.
Personal health and wellbeing
Self reported health
Self-Reporting Health as
Excellent or Very Good
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
59.8
54.3
% of male adult population
58.6
53.1
% of female adult population
61
55.5
% of population aged 18-34 years
74.1
60.3
% of population aged 35-54 years
57.9
57.2
% of population aged 55 years &
over
50.5
44.8
Source
2007 - CIV
Survey
Self-reported health was measured in the 2007 CIV Survey. Respondents were asked to rate
their health as excellent, very good, good, fair or poor. The Greater City reported higher levels
of health with 59.8 per cent of the population reporting their health as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’
compared to the Victorian average of 54.3 per cent.
People aged between 18-34 years of age reported the best levels of health for both Greater
Geelong and Victoria, with 74.1 per cent and 60.3 per cent reporting ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’
health respectively.
Subjective wellbeing
Subjective wellbeing
Personal Wellbeing Index
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
Overall index score
78.4
77.5
77.9
77
2011 VicHealth
Indicators
Survey
78.8
78
78.8
78.2
76.7
76.6
Males
Females
People Aged 18-34 Years:
People Aged 35-54 Years
9
People Aged 55 Years and Over
80.1
78.1
Subjective wellbeing was measured in the 2011 VicHealth Indicators Survey using the
Australian Unity Wellbeing Index (AUWBI). Respondents were asked to rate their satisfaction
with their lives on seven domains (standard of living; health; achievements in life; community
connection; personal relationships; safety; and future security). This resulted in an aggregated
Personal Wellbeing Index ranging between 0-100. Normative data from the Index indicates that
the average Personal Wellbeing Index for Australians is approximately 75.
In 2011, the City of Greater Geelong scored 78.4 compared to the Victorian state average of
77.5. Those aged 55+ years scored well above the Personal Wellbeing Index average with an
average of 80.1 (state average for this age bracket was 78.1).
Life expectancy
Life expectancy at birth
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Male
79.1
80.3
Female
83.7
84.4
Source
(no release
since 2007)
2003-07 - Dept
of Human
Services
Life expectancy is measured on the basis of how many years on average a new-born baby is
expected to live, given current age specific mortality risks.
From 2003-2007 both male and female life expectancy was slightly below the Victorian average
with estimated life expectancy of 79.1 for males (80.3 Victorian average) and 83.7 for females
(84.4 Victorian average). As with the Victorian averages, these figures have incrementally
increased since 1999-2003 when the Department of Human Services started reporting this data
(77.7 for males and 82.7 for females in 1999-2003).
Adequate physical exercise
People engaged in adequate
physical exercise
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
63.6
60.3
% of male adult population
64.7
61
% of female adult population
62.5
59.7
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population
Health Survey
According to the 2008 Victorian Population Health Survey, almost two thirds of the municipality
(63.6 per cent) were engaged in adequate physical exercise (more than 150 minutes of exercise
on a regular basis over one week) which is higher than the Victorian average (60.3 per cent).
There were also a higher percentage of males (64.7 per cent) to females (62.5 per cent)
meeting physical activity requirements for both the municipality and the state.
10
Fruit consumption
People consuming
recommended intake of fruit
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
53.6
47.4
% of male adult population
49.7
41
% of female adult population
57.4
53.5
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
The Australian Guidelines recommend that people should be consuming two serves of fruit per
day for health. The 2008 Victorian Population Health Survey measured people’s intake of fruit
and vegetables and was collected at the Local Government Area (LGA) level for the first time in
2008. According to this survey, just over half of Greater Geelong (53.6 per cent) were
consuming their recommended levels of fruit consumption in comparison to just under half for
Victoria (47.4 per cent). It can also be noted that females appear to be meeting these levels
more than males for both Greater Geelong (females 57.4 and males 49.7 per cent) and Victoria
(females 53.5 and males 41 per cent).
Vegetable consumption
Meeting recommended intake
levels of vegetables
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
10
7.9
% of male adult population
no LGA data
available
5
% of female adult population
no LGA data
available
10.7
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
The 2008 Victorian Population Health Survey also measured people’s intake of vegetables
according to the Australian Guidelines of five serves of vegetables per day. The percentage of
the adult population consuming the recommended intake of five serves of vegetables per day is
extremely low in the municipality and state with only 10 per cent and 7.9 per cent respectively
meeting their recommended levels.
Results for males and females within LGAs were not made available as Relative Standard
Errors for these estimates are greater than 25 per cent. More than 90 per cent of male and
females results at the LGA level had associated Relative Standard Errors of greater than 25 per
cent.
Whilst this data is not available at municipality level, the data available at the Barwon South
West region level suggests that females are more likely to consume their recommended levels
of vegetables than males (14.1 per cent of females and 5.4 per cent of males). This is also
reflected in the state.
11
Obesity
Obese people according to Body
Mass Index
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
17.1
16.7
% of male adult population
17.9
17.3
% of female adult population
16.7
16.1
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
People were defined as obese if they scored a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater.
BMI is calculated as the ratio of self assessed weight and height (kilograms / metres2). A normal
BMI ranges from 18.5 - 24.9 while a BMI of 25.0 - 29.9 is overweight and a BMI greater than 30
is obese. Victorian Population Health Survey data was collected for the first time at the Local
Government Area level in 2008.
The percentage of the population in the municipality who were identified as obese according to
Body Mass Index in 2008 was 17.1 per cent of the adult population. This was slightly higher
than the Victorian average of 16.7 per cent. The 2008 Victorian Population Health Survey also
identified another 36.7 per cent of the adult population to be overweight, meaning 53.8 per cent
of the total adult population in the municipality is considered overweight or obese. This is again
larger than the amount of overweight and obese in Victoria (48.54 per cent).
Smoking status
Current smokers
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
18
19.1
% of male adult population
22.8
21.4
% of female adult population
13.5
16.9
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
Whilst the percentage of the population in the City of Greater Geelong that identified themselves
as current smokers in 2008 was slightly lower than the Victorian state (18 per cent compared to
19.1 per cent), the number of males who are current smokers (22.8 per cent) was significantly
higher than females (13.5 per cent) in the municipality.
Risky alcohol consumption
Long term risk from alcohol
consumption
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
11.9
10.2
% of male adult population
no LGA data
available
13.6
% of female adult population
no LGA data
available
6.9
12
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
Regular excessive consumption of alcohol places people at increased risk of chronic ill health
and premature death and episodes of heavy drinking may place the person (and others) at risk
of injury or death.
The percentage of those in Greater Geelong with long-term risk of harm from alcohol
consumption was 11.9 per cent in 2008, compared to the state average of 10.2 per cent. While
no gender specific data is available for the municipality, the data available at the Barwon South
West region suggests this is significantly more of an issue with males (18.8 per cent) than
females (7.4 per cent).
Psychological distress
At risk of psychological distress
Kessler 10 (score above 21)
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
9.3
11.4
% of male adult population
no LGA data
available
9.7
% of female adult population
no LGA data
available
13.1
Source
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
Those at risk of psychological distress are those that score above 21 on a Kessler 10. The
Kessler 10 is a survey which measures non-specific psychological distress in the anxietydepression spectrum.
The percentage of the adult population experiencing psychological distress was lower than the
Victorian average (9.3 per cent versus 11.4 per cent).
Results for males and females within LGAs have not been made available as Relative Standard
Errors for these estimates are greater than 25 per cent. However, data available in the Barwon
South West Region level indicate that women are at slightly higher risk of psychological distress
than men (10.5 and 8.4 per cent respectively), which is also reflected in the state.
Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
% of adult population
4.8
4.8
2008 - Victorian
Population Health
Survey
Type 2 diabetes is sometimes described as a ‘lifestyle disease’ because it is more common in
people who do insufficient physical activity and are overweight or obese. It is strongly
associated with high blood pressure, high cholesterol and an ‘apple’ body shape, where excess
weight is carried around the waist.
In 2008, 4.8 per cent of the population of the City of Greater Geelong reported being a Type 2
diabetic. This is equal to the Victorian percentage.
13
Gambling
Number of Electronic Gaming
Machines (EGMs) within 2.5km
Average distance to dearest
EGMs (kms)
Number of EGMs
(per 1000 adult population)
Net EGM Expenditure
($ per adult resident)
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
604
17 730
2.3
13.4
2011 - Victorian
Commission for
Gambling and
Liquor Regulation
7.9
723.8
6.3
July 2009 - June
2010 - Victorian
Commission for
Gambling and
Liquor Regulation
663.4
July 2008 - June
2009 - Victorian
Commission for
Gambling and
Liquor Regulation
Two commonly used measures of access to EGMs are density and proximity (eg. distance to an
EGM). After following a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) methodology, it was determined
that there were 604 electronic gaming machines within 2.5km, with an average distance of
2.3km to the nearest gaming machine in the municipality. The number of electronic gaming
machines per 1000 adult population was 7.9, which is higher than the state average of 6.3. The
net electronic gaming machine expenditure from July 2008-June 2009 was 723.80 dollars. This
is 60.40 dollars higher than the state average.
Community connectedness
Feeling part of the community
Satisfaction with feeling part of
the community
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Adults (index score)
74.3
72.3
Males (index score)
73
71
Females (index score)
75.6
73.7
Source
2011 VicHealth
Survey
Normative data from the Australian Unity Wellbeing Index indicates that the average index
score for satisfaction with feeling part of the community for Australians is approximately 70.
In 2011, Geelong and the state were both slightly above the average index score for satisfaction
with feeling part of the community. Greater Geelong recorded a slightly higher index score over
the state (74.3 and 72.3 respectively).
14
Social support
People who can get help from
friends or family or neighbours
when needed
% of adult population
Greater City of
Geelong
90.7
Victoria
Source
91.7
2008 - Dept of
Planning &
Community
Development
When asked in 2008, ‘Can you get help from friends, family and neighbours when needed?’
90.7 per cent of the municipality said ‘Yes, definitely’. This was slightly lower than the Victorian
average (91.7 per cent).
Volunteering
People who help out as
volunteers
% of adult population
Greater City of
Geelong
38.3
Victoria
Source
40.8
2008 – Dept of
Planning &
Community
Development
In 2008, 38.3 per cent of people in Greater Geelong reported that they ‘yes definitely’ or
‘sometimes’ volunteer. This was slightly below the Victorian average of 40.8 per cent. 2011 data
is expected to be released in the near future.
Parental participation in schools
Parents involved in activities at
their children's school
% of parents with school-aged
children
Greater City of
Geelong
43.9
Victoria
Source
53.2
2008 - Dept of
Planning &
Community
Development
School-based volunteering is another measurement of community engagement and social
connectedness. The percentage of parents within the municipality involved in activities at their
children’s school has undergone considerable fluctuation since data was first collected in 2004.
From 52 per cent in 2004, the figure increased to 71.4 per cent in 2006 and has once again
dropped to 43.9 per cent in 2008.
The state also experienced a drop in parental participation in schools over this period, from 64.8
per cent in 2004 to 53.2 per cent in 2008.
Early Childhood
Australian Early Development Index
15
Proportion of children
'developmentally vulnerable'
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of children developmentally
vulnerable on 1 or more AEDI
domains
18.8
19.5
% of children developmentally
vulnerable on 2 or more AEDI
domains
Source
2012 - Australian
Early Development
Index
9.3
9.5
The Australian Early Development Index (AEDI) is a population measure of young children’s
developmental progress as they enter school through measuring five developmental domains:
‘language and developmental skills’, ‘physical health and wellbeing, ‘communication skills and
general knowledge’, ‘emotional maturity’ and ‘social competence’.
The 2012 results demonstrate that 9.3 per cent of children in the municipality are vulnerable on
2 or more AEDI domains. These results indicate that the proportion of vulnerable children
remains below the State and National average (9.5 and 10.8 per cent respectively); however
this is not the case for all suburbs within the municipality.
Key suburbs where children are not performing well against the state and national averages
resulting in higher than average rates of vulnerability include (in order of priority and based on
proportion of children only; not the actual number of children):







Whittington (33.3 per cent)
Corio (21.7 per cent)
South Geelong/Breakwater and surrounds (25 per cent)
St Leonards/Indented Head (22.9 per cent)
Bell Post Hill (18.4 per cent)
Norlane/North Shore (17.2 per cent)
North Geelong/Drumcondra and surrounds (17.1 per cent)
Whittington and Corio were the worst performing suburbs, not performing well against the state
and national averages across all five domains. St Leonards/Indented Head did not perform well
against state and national averages in four of the domains.
Child health assessments
Key ages and stages Maternal
and Child Health (MCH) visits at
age 3.5 years
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
Per 100 maternal and child health
enrolled children born in 2007
59.3
62.2
2010-11 - Office
for Children
Child health assessments evaluate a child’s development at a particular age, including growth,
physical movements, behaviour, play, physical examinations, hearing and eye screenings and
behavioural interactions with family members and peers.
16
The measure is key ages and stages MCH Visits at age 3.5 years: expressed as a rate per 100
MCH enrolled children of the appropriate age for this visit (ie. born 3.5 years before visiting).
The number of children attending their 3.5 year old age and stage visit at MCH had increased to
59.3 children per 100 in 2010/11 from 48.6 children per 100 in 2009/10.
Immunisation
Children fully immunised at 1215 Months of Age
% of children aged 12-15 months at
end of quarter
Greater City of
Geelong
93.6
Victoria
Source
91.84
Qtr Jan-Mar 2013
Australian
Childhood
Immunisation
Register
The percentage of children in Greater Geelong fully immunised at 12-15 months in 2013 was
93.6 per cent. The percentage has remained relatively consistent over the years, staying above
90 per cent since recordings taken back in 2006-07 (except for a drop below 90 per cent in
2009 to 89.66 per cent).
Victoria also recorded above 90 per cent, with 91.84 per cent across Victoria in 2013 in
comparison to 92.08 in 2012.
Breastfeeding
Children fully breastfed at 6
months of age
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
% of MCH enrolled children born in
2011-12
39.4
34.8
2011/12
Breastfeeding provides the essential nutrients for healthy growth and aids in resistance to
infection and the prevention of allergies. Breastfeeding also facilitates bonding between mother
and child.
The percentage of MCH enrolled children fully breastfed at 6 months of age in 2011/12 in the
municipality was 39.4 per cent, higher than the percentage of people breastfeeding at 6 months
of age in Victoria (34.8 per cent).
17
Personal and community safety
Perceptions of safety
People who feel safe or very safe
when at home alone during the
day
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
99.1
98.5
% of male adult population
99.5
99.2
% of female adult population
98.6
97.9
% of population aged 18-34 years
100
98.8
% of population aged 35-54 years
99.5
98.8
% of population aged 55 years &
over
98.1
98
People who feel safe or very safe
when at home alone at night
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
95.5
95
% of male adult population
97.5
98
% of female adult population
93.5
92.1
% of population aged 18-34 years
95.8
94.7
% of population aged 35-54 years
94.6
95.8
% of population aged 55 years &
over
96.4
94.3
People who feel safe or very safe
walking alone in local area
during the day
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
98.7
97
% of male adult population
99.1
98.5
% of female adult population
98.4
95.5
% of population aged 18-34 years
100
97.4
% of population aged 35-54 years
99.3
97.6
% of population aged 55 years &
over
97.4
95.8
18
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
People who feel safe or very safe
walking alone in local area at
night
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
75.4
70.3
% of male adult population
85.9
83.1
% of female adult population
62.8
55.5
% of population aged 18-34 years
84.1
73.1
% of population aged 35-54 years
74.2
71.2
% of population aged 55 years &
over
71.7
65.9
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
Neighbourhoods which are perceived as safe, foster community participation, encourage
physical activity, community connectedness and add to the health and well-being of local
residents and visitors.
The built environment and the way neighbourhoods are designed and maintained, impact
greatly on perceptions of safety and are critical factors in any strategy for improving safety in
neighbourhoods.
Perception of safety is measured in four different ways:
 People who feel safe or very safe when at home alone during the day (99.1 per cent in
Greater Geelong versus a 98.5 per cent Victorian average)
 People who feel safe or very safe when at home alone at night (95.5 per cent in Greater
Geelong versus a 95 per cent Victorian average)
 People who feel safe or very safe walking alone in local area during the day (98.7 per cent
in Greater Geelong versus a 97 per cent Victorian average)
 People who feel safe or very safe walking alone in local area at night (75.4 per cent in
Greater Geelong versus a 70.3 per cent Victorian average)
These figures have remained reasonably static and close to the state average since they were
first collected in 2007 on all but one measure. 16.6 per cent more females report feeling safe or
very safe walking alone in the local area at night (from 46.2 per cent in 2007 to 62.8 per cent in
2011).
Crime
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Recorded Offences for Crimes
against the Person per 100,000
population at June 2012
883
984
Recorded Offences for Crimes
against Property per 100,000
population at June 2012
5048
19
4797
Source
2011-12 - Victoria
Police
The number of recorded offences for crimes against the person per 100,000 populations for
2011/2012 was 883. Whilst this is below the state average (984 per 100,000 population), this is
the highest number of recorded offences since CIV started collecting this data in 2004/2005.
Recorded offences against property are also at their highest levels since 2005/06 with 5048
offences recorded per 100,000 populations. This is also above the state average (4797 offences
per 100,000 populations).
Family violence
Recorded incidents of family
violence
Per 100,000 population
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
884
910
2011-12 - Victoria
Police
People who experience family violence are at greater risk of mental health disorders and
problems, and their general health and wellbeing are likely to be affected in both the short and
long term.
884 family violence incidents were recorded per 100,000 population in 2011/12. These are the
highest levels recorded since CIV started collecting this data in 2004/05 (630 incidents
recorded).
These numbers are in line with the state average which is also at its highest levels in this time
period (910 incidents per 100,000 populations 2011/12). Metropolitan Melbourne was also in
line with the municipality and state numbers with a recorded 826 incidents per 100,000
populations in 2011/12.
Road safety
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Road traffic fatalities per 100000
population at 2011
6.6
5.4
Road traffic major injuries per
100000 population at 2011
108.6
107
Source
2011 - Transport
Accident
Commission
It is important that our roads are safe for all users. Road traffic fatalities per 100,000 population
in 2011 in Greater Geelong were higher than in 2010 (6.6 compared to 4.1). However the
number of fatalities is still significantly lower than the Barwon South West region (11.7).
In terms of road traffic major injuries, the number of injuries per 100,000 population was slightly
lower in 2011 than in 2010 (108.6 compared to 109.5) but is also still lower than the Barwon
South West Region (125.4).
20
Workplace safety
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘workplace safety’ is an important indicator for
consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Lifelong learning
Home internet access
People with internet access at
home
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
84.3
86.4
% of male adult population
85.2
87.1
% of female adult population
83.3
85.7
% of population aged 18-34 years
91.9
92.7
% of population aged 35-54 years
90.7
91.6
% of population aged 55 years &
over
63.2
66.6
People with broadband internet
access at home
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
77.2
80.1
% of male adult population
78.5
81
% of female adult population
76.1
79.2
% of population aged 18-34 years
81.9
84.5
% of population aged 35-54 years
84.5
85.9
% of population aged 55 years &
over
57.1
60.6
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Access to information allows residents, students and other sector interests to address their
information and resource needs.
In 2011, the percentage of adults with home internet access in the municipality was 84.3 per
cent, which is a 6.3 per cent increase from 2007. The greatest increase in access has been
amongst the 18-34 year age group (83.1 per cent to 91.9 per cent).
In regards to broadband access, there has been a huge increase in the percentage of people
with access in the municipality (from 57.7 per cent in 2007 to 77.2 per cent in 2011). This
increase is reflected across the age ranges fairly equitably, although the greatest percentage
21
increase was amongst people aged 55+ (from 39.3 per cent in 2007 to 57.1 per cent in 2011)
and 18-34 year olds (from 64.6 per cent in 2007 to 81.9 per cent in 2011).
Apprenticeship and vocational training enrolments
People aged 25-64 years enrolled
in vocational education and
training per 100 population (at
June 2006)
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Overall population
2.3
1.9
Male population
1.8
1.6
Female population
2.7
2.3
People (by age group) enrolled
in vocational education and
training per 100 population (at
June 2006)
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
People aged 15-19 years
7.9
7.7
People aged 20-24 years
8.3
7.7
People aged 25-34 years
3.9
3.3
People aged 35-44 years
2.7
2.1
People aged 45-54 years
1.8
1.4
People aged 55-64 years
0.7
0.6
People aged 65 years and over
0.1
0.
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
A well educated population is a basic component of sustainable development. Establishing the
basics of literacy and numeracy in the early years of schooling establishes a firm foundation and
prepares young people for further education. Cultivating a positive attitude to learning also
assists in countering social and educational disadvantage.
Across all age ranges there has been a significant drop in the number of people enrolled in
vocational education and training. This applies in the municipality and across Victoria.
The number of people aged 15-19 years of age enrolled in vocational education and training in
the municipality has dropped 25.76 per cent (from 33.7 per cent in 2006 to 7.9 per cent in
2011), 18.2 per cent for 20-24 year olds (26.5 per cent to 8.3 per cent), and 10.7 per cent for
25-34 year olds (14.6 per cent to 2.9 per cent).
22
Destinations of school leavers
People aged 15-19 years not
attending secondary school that
are fully engaged in work or
study
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
66.1
71.9
% of males
68.1
73.9
% of females
64
69.7
People aged 15-19 years not
attending secondary school that
are not engaged at all in work or
study
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
18.1
15.4
% of males
18.9
15.7
% of females
17.3
15.1
People aged 15-19 Years not
attending secondary school that
are employed full-time
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
27.5
26.2
% of males
36.2
34.6
% of females
18.3
16.9
People aged 15-19 Years not
attending secondary school, but
studying full-time at a nonschool institution
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
36.5
43.6
% of males
30.1
37.6
% of females
43.2
50.2
Source
2006 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2006 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2006 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2006 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
When teenagers leave school, they make choices that can have a long-term influence on their
future career paths. A school leaver's range of options can include work, university or vocational
training and many combinations of work and education.
In 2006 it was reported that of people aged 15-19 years of age:
 66.1 per cent of people were fully engaged in work or study (71.9 per cent state
average)
 18.1 per cent were not engaged at all in work or study (15.4 per cent state average)
 27.5 per cent were working full-time (26.2 per cent state average)
23

36.5 per cent were studying full-time at a non-school institution (43.6 per cent state
average).
School retention
People aged 17 years still
attending secondary school
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
78.4
80.7
% of males
74.6
76.9
% of females
82.5
84.8
People aged 17 Years not
attending any educational
institution
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
12.1
10.5
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2011 - Australian
% of males
13.9
12.9
% of females
10.1
7.9
People aged 20-24 years with
Year 12 or higher qualification
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
86.5
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
% of people
83.3
Bureau of
Statistics
Statistics
At age 17, young people may be completing Year 11 or Year 12 at secondary school. The
proportion of people of this age who are still at secondary school can provide an indicator of
school retention. Some 17-year-olds will have already left school, and may be attending a nonschool institution (such as TAFE or university) or may not be attending any educational
institution at all.
In 2011 the percentage of people aged 17 years of age still attending secondary school
(completing their year 11 or 12) was 78.4 per cent, slightly lower than the Victorian average of
80.7 per cent. It was also identified that 12.1 per cent of people in this age group within the
municipality were not attending any educational institution (Victorian average is 10.5 per cent).
Another measure of school retention is the number of people aged 20-24 years in 2011 with a
Year 12 or higher qualification. In this the municipality it was 83.3 per cent, lower than the State
average of 86.5 per cent.
24
Access to government schools
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Number of government primary
schools (including P-12 schools)
per 1000 children aged 5-12 years
2.2
2.4
Number of government
secondary schools (including P12 schools) per 1000 children
aged 13-18 years
0.5
0.4
Average distance to nearest
government primary school
(including P-12 schools) in kms
1.6
2.2
Average distance to nearest
government secondary school
(including P-12 schools) in kms
3.2
4.8
Source
2012 - Department
of Education &
Early Childhood
Development
Quantity of schools, distance to schools, provision of good educational and built facilities, a
broad curriculum, safe environment and inclusiveness of disabled students are some of the
factors that contribute to access to schools.
The number of government primary schools per 1000 students aged 5-12 years in the City of
Greater Geelong in 2012 was 2.2 (Victorian average is 2.4 schools) with the average distance
to the nearest school being 1.6 km.
For 13-18 year olds, there were 0.5 schools per 1000 students (in line with the Victorian
average 0.4 schools) with an average distance to the nearest school being 3.2 km.
Service availability
Access to services
Number of medical clinics with a
General Practitioner (including
public hospital emergency
rooms) per 1000 population
Average distance to nearest
medical clinic with a General
Practitioner (including public
hospital emergency rooms) in
kms
25
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
0.3
0.3
Source
2012 - Human
Services Data
Directory
1.6
2.9
It is believed that when community members have access to the services they need, when they
need them, they are more likely to have feelings of civic engagement and well-being. Not having
access to such services can place vulnerable groups at greater disadvantage and signal
pockets of social isolation.
In 2012, the number of medical clinics with a General Practitioner (including public hospital
emergency rooms) in the municipality and state was 0.3 per 1000 population. The average
distance to the nearest medical clinic was 1.6 km in the municipality and 2.9 km in the state.
26
Dynamic resilient local economies
Summary
Education and employment are important for health, wellbeing and economic growth. Education
and high level skills contribute to equity, provide opportunities for optimal lifestyle choice and
support individuals to gain meaningful employment. Insufficient education and employment
opportunities may lead to a decline in health and skills in unemployed people, family
breakdowns and increasing crime rates.
Since 2006 there has been an increase in the number of those aged 25+ holding non-school
qualifications (6.2 per cent increase), bachelor degrees (3.4 per cent increase) and other higher
qualifications and highest level qualifications between certificate III and advanced diploma (4.5
per cent increase). There has been an increase in the percentage of people aged 15+ years
who identified themselves as employed. Fortunately, we have also seen a decrease in
unemployment (8 per cent in 2004-05 to 5.9 per cent in 2010-11). The states unemployment
rates have remained relatively consistent over the same period (5.4 to 5.6 per cent).
In 2011, the median equalised gross household income (household income that would be
needed by a lone person household to enjoy the same level of economic wellbeing) for the
municipality was 685 dollars, an increase of 134 dollars from 2006. The state also saw an
increase of 149 dollars per week over this period.
Food is one of the basic needs for health. In 2007, 2.5 per cent of the Geelong population
reported that in the past 12 months they had run out of food and were not able to buy anymore.
This figure was lower than the state, with 6 per cent identified as experiencing food insecurity.
Those most at risk were between the ages of 35 and 54 years of age. According to more recent
local research, although Greater Geelong has lower rates of food insecurity than the Victorian
average, local data from surveys with considered ‘at risk’ community members suggest that
food insecurity rates are high within this subset of the community. 3
Economic activity
Retained retail spending
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘retained retail spending’ is an important indicator
for consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore
not available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Amanda Stirrat, 2012, ‘City of Greater Geelong: food security – Building the local picture a needs assessment report’,
Geelong City Council
3
27
Highly skilled workforce
People working in area
employed in highly skilled
occupations
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people working
53.7
57.3
% of males
61
63.3
% of females
46.8
50.8
% of people aged 15-24 years
31.9
34.7
% of people aged 25-34 years
61.1
63.2
% of people aged 35-44 years
59.6
62.9
% of people aged 45-54 years
55.5
58.7
% of people aged 55-64 years
54.4
57.4
% of people aged 65 years & over
56.1
62.2
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
The quantum and types of skills available within an area will delineate its capacity to support
particular industries and consequently its outlook for economic growth.
A highly skilled occupation has been defined as one with a skill level of 1, 2 or 3 as assigned in
the Australian and New Zealand Standard Classification of Occupations (ANZSCO), First
Edition. The skill levels are defined as follows:
 Skill Level 1: Commensurate with a bachelor degree or higher qualification. At least five
years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal qualification. In some instances
relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal
qualification.
 Skill Level 2: Commensurate with an AQF Associate Degree, Advanced Diploma or
Diploma. At least three years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal
qualification. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be
required in addition to the formal qualification.
 Skill Level 3: Commensurate with an AQF Certificate IV, or AQF Certificate III including at
least two years of on-the-job training. At least three years of relevant experience may
substitute for the formal qualifications listed above. In some instances relevant experience
and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification.
In 2011, it was identified that just over half of adults in the municipality (53.7 per cent) and in the
state (57.3 per cent) were employed in highly skilled occupations. A higher percentage of males
were employed in highly skilled occupations (61 per cent) in the municipality than females (46.8
of females), which is in line with the state (63.3 males, 50.8 females).
Business growth
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘business growth’ is an important indicator for
consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
28
Skills
Educational qualifications
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
People aged 25 years and over
who have a non-school
qualification (%)
54
56.3
People aged 25 years and over
who have a bachelor degree or
higher qualification (%)
19.4
25.8
People aged 25 years and over
with highest qualification level
between certificate III and
advanced diploma (%)
33.3
29.3
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
The education and skills base of residents influence capacity to gain employment and make
lifestyle choices.
In both the municipality and the state, just over half of the 25+ aged population identified that
they have a non-school qualification (54 and 56.3 per cent respectively). This is an increase
since measurements taken in 2006, with 47.8 per cent in the municipality and 50.7 per cent in
the state identifying that they had a non-school qualification. Since 2006, Greater Geelong have
had an increase in the number of 25+ year olds (16 to 19.4 per cent) who have a bachelor
degree or higher qualification as identified in the 2011 census.
Although the state still recorded a higher percentage of adults aged 25+ holding a degree or
higher in 2011 (Geelong 19.4 per cent, state 25.8 per cent), they saw a drop in their percentage
from 2006 (25.8 per cent) to 2011 (22 per cent).
There were 33.3 per cent of people aged 25 years and over with highest qualification level
between certificate III and advanced diploma recorded in Geelong in 2011. This was an
increase from 28.8 per cent in 2006 and also higher than the 2011 state average of 29.3 per
cent. The state also saw a slight increase from 2006 (25.6 per cent) to 2011 (29.3 per cent).
Employment
Employment rate
People aged 15 years and over
who are employed
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people
58.1
61.3
% of males
63.9
67.5
% of females
52.8
55.5
29
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
People aged 15 years and over
who are employed by age
grouping
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of people aged 15-24 years
57.8
54.9
% of people aged 25-34 years
77.6
79.1
% of people aged 35-44 years
78.9
79.3
% of people aged 45-54 years
80.5
80.4
% of people aged 55-64 years
57.3
60.8
% of people aged 65 years & over
8.2
11.7
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Employment gives people the opportunity to make lifestyle choices and is associated with levels
of personal satisfaction. Insufficient employment opportunities may lead to a decline in health
and skill levels of unemployed people, family breakdowns and increasing crime rates.
There was an increase in employment rates in the municipality of all people aged 15+ years
from 2006 to 2011 (56.9 to 58.1 per cent respectively). The state also saw a slight increase
(60.9 per cent in 2006 to 61.3 per cent in 2011).
The increase from 2006 to 2011 in the municipality can be seen across all age brackets (1-3 per
cent increases). However, one group showed a notable increase. In 2006, 50.6 per cent of
people aged 55-64 were employed, and in 2011 this had risen to 57.3 per cent (6.7 per cent
increase). The state also saw a slight rise in this age group from 56.3 to 60.8 per cent.
Unemployment
People who are unemployed
% of labour force
Greater City of
Geelong
5.9
Victoria
Source
5.4
2010-11 - Dept of
Education
Employment and
Workplace
Relations
There appears to be a notable decrease in unemployment in the municipality. In 2004-05 when
data was initially collected, 8 per cent of people were identified as unemployed. From 2004-10
the percentage was affected by variations of approx 1-3 per cent right up until 2010-11, when
an unemployment rate of 5.9 was recorded. In comparison, state unemployment rates remained
relatively consistent. In 2004-05, 5.6 per cent were unemployed compared to 5.4 per cent in
2010-11.
30
Local employment
People working and living in the
same LGA
% of employed people living in
area
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
81.2
42.4
% of employed males living in area
76.6
39.8
% of employed females living in
area
85.9
45.1
People working and living in the
same LGA by age group
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of employed people aged 15-24
85.7
50.4
% of employed people aged 25-34
years
77.3
33.1
% of employed people aged 35-44
years
78.9
39.1
% of employed people aged 45-54
years
82.2
44.1
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2011 - Australian
% of employed people aged 55-64
years
82.9
47.9
% of employed people aged 65
years
84.5
59.2
People employed in high skilled
occupations who work and live
in the same LGA (%)
76.7
36.9
People employed in low skilled
occupations who work and live
in the same LGA (%)
85.1
47.2
Bureau of
Statistics
In 2011, 81.2 per cent of people reported both living and working in the same in the City of
Greater Geelong. The state in comparison was nearly half that with 42.4 per cent of people
reporting living and working in the same LGA. A higher number of females than males choose
to both work and live in the Greater City of Geelong (85.9 and 76.6 per cent respectively). This
is also reflected in the state data with 45.1 per cent of females and 39.8 per cent of males
choosing to live and work in the same area.
People employed in low skilled occupations were slightly more likely to live and work in the
same area than those employed in high skilled occupations in both state and local data.
31
Work-life balance
Adequate work life balance
Employed people who disagree
that work and family life often
interfere with each other
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of employed adult population
51.3
53.1
% of employed male adult
population
41.5
50.9
62.2
55.7
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
53.4
60.3
43
45.2
73.1
63.4
% of employed female adult
population
Employed people who disagree
that work and family life often
interfere with each other
% of employed population aged
18-34 years
% of employed population aged
35-54 years
% of employed population aged 55
years & over
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
For employees, work life balance is the maintenance of a balance between responsibilities at
work and at home.
Survey participants in the 2011 VicHealth Indicators Survey were asked to respond to the
question ‘my work and family life often interfere with each other’ with ‘strongly agree’, ‘agree’,
‘neither agree nor disagree’, ‘disagree’ or ‘strongly disagree’. Over 50 per cent of respondents
‘disagreed’ or ‘strongly disagreed’ with the statement for both the municipality (51.3 per cent)
and the state (53.1 per cent).
Interesting findings to note for the municipality:
 More males than females ‘disagreed’ or ‘strongly disagreed’ (41.5 and 62.2 per cent) with
the statement. This means that approximately 37.8 per cent of employed females felt that
family life and employment interfered with one another, and approximately 58.5 per cent of
males felt that employment and family life interfered with one another.
 The age bracket that felt that employment and family life interfered with one another the
most was the 35-54 year olds (approximately 57 per cent).
 The age bracket that felt that employment and family life interfered with one another the
least was the 55+ year olds (approximately 26.9 per cent).
32
Income and wealth
Income
Median equivalised gross
weekly household income
Dollars ($)
Greater City of
Geelong
685
Victoria
Source
749
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Economic wellbeing is a crucial element contributing to quality of life because most basic needs
such as food, water, shelter, health care and many forms of recreation have to be purchased.
Equivalised household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources
available to a standardised household. For a lone person household it is equal to household
income. For a household comprising more than one person, it is an indicator of the household
income that would be needed by a lone person household to enjoy the same level of economic
wellbeing.
In 2011, the median equivalised gross household income for Greater Geelong was 685 dollars
per week (an increase of 134 dollars from 2006). The state recorded a higher equivalised gross
household income than the municipality of 749 dollars per week (they also saw an increase
of149 dollars from 2006).
Distribution of income
P80/P20 ratio of equivalised
gross weekly household income
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
Ratio of incomes at top of 80th and
20th per centiles
3.3
3.5
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Equivalised household income can be viewed as an indicator of the economic resources
available to a standardised household. For a lone person household it is equal to household
income. For a household comprising more than one person, it is an indicator of the household
income that would be needed by a lone person household to enjoy the same level of economic
wellbeing.
P80 is equivalised gross weekly household income at the top of the 80th per centile, and P20 is
equivalised gross weekly household income at the top of the 20th per centile. These two income
values have also been expressed as a ratio with P50 (equivalised gross weekly household
income at the top of the 50th per centile - the median value).
According to 2011 Australian Bureau of Statistics data, there were 3.3 times more high income
(over 80th per centile) than low income (over 20th per centile) households in the municipality,
slightly lower than in the state (3.5 times).
33
Per capita wealth
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘Per Capita Wealth’ is an important indicator for
consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata.
Food security
People who ran out of food in
the last 12 months and could not
afford to buy more
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
2.5
6
% of male adult population
1.1
5.2
% of female adult population
3.9
6.8
% of population aged 18-34 years
2
7.9
% of population aged 35-54 years
5.1
7.2
0.4
2.7
% of population aged 55 years &
over
Source
2007 –
Community
Indicators
Victoria Survey
In 2007, 2.5 per cent of the Geelong population reported that they had run out of food in the
past 12 months and could not afford to buy more. This was in comparison to 6 per cent of the
population in the state.
In the municipality people aged 35-54 years of age were at most risk of running out of food and
not being able to afford to buy more, while across the state the age bracket was larger with
people aged 18-54 seeming to be the most at risk.
34
Culturally rich and vibrant communities
Summary
Arts and culture are important aspects of community identity and social life. They help to form
national identity, community networks and preserve social knowledge. Pursuits involving arts
and culture such as sculpture, museums and historic buildings, music, Indigenous culture and
mixed media add interest to our surroundings and remind us of our heritage. Much of arts and
culture examines social events and trends, thereby facilitating reflection on societal values.
Greater Geelong appears to have plenty of opportunities to be involved in arts and cultural
activities for all ages. Over 70 per cent (in most age brackets) reported that there were
opportunities for participation in arts and cultural activities. In addition, over 60 per cent (in most
age brackets) reported participation in an art or cultural activity in the last 3 months.
Interestingly, 55+ year olds reported having the most opportunities (88.7 per cent), yet also
reported the lowest participation levels (58.1 per cent).
In relation to how the local community values its cultural diversity, the Greater Geelong
community when compared to the state average has a slightly higher percentage of the adult
population agreeing that it is a good thing for a society to be made up of different people from
different cultures (91.9 per cent).
Arts and Cultural Activities
Opportunities to participate in arts and cultural activities
People with enough
opportunities to participate in
arts and related activities in
local area
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
76.3
73
% of male adult population
75
72.7
% of female adult population
76.8
72.3
% of population aged 18-34 years
67.7
62.6
% of population aged 35-54 years
70.6
73.4
88.7
83.4
% of population aged 55 years &
over
Source
2007 - CIV
Survey
In 2007, 76.3 per cent of the adult population reported that they had enough opportunities to
participate in arts and related activities in the municipality, in comparison to 73 per cent in the
state.
People in the oldest age bracket (55+ years) reported the most opportunities to participate in art
and other cultural activities in the municipality and in the state (88.7 and 83.4 per cent
35
respectively). People aged 18-34 years of age appear to have the least opportunities in both the
municipality and the state, however still appear to have adequate opportunities with 67.7 per
cent and 62.6 per cent respectively reporting opportunities for participation in arts and other
related activities.
Participation in arts and cultural activities
People who participated in arts
and related activities in the last 3
months
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
64.5
63.6
% of male adult population
60.4
61.8
% of female adult population
68.4
65.3
% of population aged 18-34 years
69
68.1
% of population aged 35-54 years
68.2
64.4
58.1
58.7
% of population aged 55 years &
over
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
In 2011, over 60 per cent of adults in both Greater Geelong (64.5 per cent) and Victoria (63.6
per cent) reported to have participated in arts of other related activities in the last 3 months of
the data being collected. Also, over 60 per cent of most age brackets reported that they had
participated in arts or other related activities in the past 3 months of data being collected. The
only age bracket that reported lower than 60 per cent in both the municipality and the state
(58.1 and 58.7 per cent respectively) were those aged 55+ years.
Interestingly, although people aged 55+ years of age reported the highest amount of
opportunities for participation out of all age brackets (VicHealth indicators survey); they also
reported the lowest participation rates over a 3 month period (CIV 2007 survey). The 2011
VicHealth Indicators Survey and the CIV 2007 survey consisted of different time periods and
different wording making comparison difficult.
Looking at just the CIV 2007 survey data for the municipality, 53 per cent of people aged 55+
years of age reported having participated in arts or another related activity in the month before
data collection. This is still a very low percentage in comparison to the 88.7 per cent who
reported opportunities to participate in arts or other related activity.
Leisure and recreation
Opportunities to participate in sporting and recreation activities
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘opportunities to participate in sporting and
recreation activities’ is an important indicator for consideration; however this indicator is
currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not available at this stage. CIV predict to
explore some new GIS based measures in 2013/2014.
36
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata.
Participation in sporting and recreational activities
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘participation in sporting and recreational activities’
is an important indicator for consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under
development’ and data is therefore not available at this stage. CIV predict to explore some new
GIS based measures in 2013/2014.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata.
Cultural diversity
Community acceptance of diverse cultures
People who agree that it is a
good thing for a society to be
made up of people from different
cultures
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
91.9
89.4
% of male adult population
92.4
87.6
% of female adult population
91.5
91.1
% of population aged 18-34 years
95.4
92.8
% of population aged 35-54 years
88.5
89.8
92.6
85.6
% of population aged 55 years &
over
Source
2007 - CIV
Survey
In 2007, people were asked whether they agreed that it is a good thing for a society to be made
up of different cultures. High percentages were reported with 91.9 per cent of people in Greater
Geelong ‘agreeing’ to the statement and 89.4 per cent in Victoria.
37
Sustainable built and natural environments
Summary
Access to both public and/or private transportation is essential for citizens to contribute to their
community and reach their potential. Safe, reliable affordable transport is a key determinant of
people’s opportunities to access health services and programs, education and secure employment.
Limitation in regards to transport is related to social isolation and also has a relationship with
sedentary lifestyles.
In 2011, the VicHealth Indicators Survey identified that 22.9 per cent of people in the municipality
experienced transport limitations within the last 12 months. Compared to the data collected in the
2007 CIV survey, there has been a 7.2 increase in people having experienced a transport limitation
in a 3 year period.
Only 5.2 per cent of employed people living in Geelong used public transport to get to work on
census day 2011 (6.1 per cent lower than in Victoria). Based on previously published research, it is
assumed that the average maximum distance a person will walk to get to a train station is 800m or
400m to a bus or tram stop. In Geelong, the average distance to a public transport stop is 0.7
kilometres (the Victorian average is 1.5 kilometres to nearest public transport stop).
In relation to walking and cycling, 3.9 per cent of people in Geelong rode or walked into work on
census day (4.6 per cent in Victoria). This lower than average rate may indicate a need to focus on
improving dedicated walking and cycling infrastructure in the municipality. The community has also
indicated that Greater Geelong could make some improvements in the condition of roads and
footpaths (condition index score 58 out of 100).
The City of Greater Geelong and Parks Victoria conducted a survey of open space networks in 2001.
It was determined that although Geelong provides many open space opportunities, there are also
some deficiencies. In particular, deficiencies can be observed in Norlane, Corio, Bell Park, North
Geelong, Geelong, South Geelong and some parts of Belmont and Highton. In terms of public space
appearance, Geelong is doing quite well, with a resulted index mean of 70 out of 100 in the Annual
Department of Planning and Community Development (DPCD) Community Satisfaction Survey.
Affordability in housing has seen some changes. Housing costs in the municipality have increased by
about 68,000 in the five year census period. Over this period of time, there has also been an
increase in people spending 30 per cent or more of their income on housing costs.
Transport accessibility
Transport limitations
People who experienced
transport limitations in the last
12 months
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
22.9
23.7
% of male adult population
20.4
22.3
38
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
% of female adult population
25.4
25
% of population aged 18-34 years
24.2
25.2
% of population aged 35-54 years
21.3
21.5
24.2
25.1
People who experienced
transport limitations in the last
12 months
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
15.7
20.3
% of male adult population
16.9
19.4
% of female adult population
14.5
21.2
% of population aged 18-34 years
13.3
25
% of population aged 35-54 years
14.9
18.6
18.3
17.6
% of population aged 55 years &
over
% of population aged 55 years &
over
Source
2007 - CIV Survey
Access to both public and/or private transportation is essential for citizens to contribute to their
community and reach their potential. Safe, reliable affordable transport is a key determinant of
people’s opportunities to access health services and programs, education and secure
employment. It is especially important for the elderly to have access to public transportation.
Transports limitations can contribute to social isolation and is often linked to sedentary lifestyles.
In 2011, the VicHealth Indicators Survey identified that 22.9 per cent of people in the
municipality experienced transport limitations within the last 12 months. Caution must be taken
when comparing the data as this question was slightly modified in the VicHealth 2011 survey,
however if compared to the data collected in the 2007 CIV survey (15.7 per cent) there was a
7.2 increase in people having experienced a transport limitation. In comparison, the state saw a
3.4 per cent decrease in travel limitations data (23.7 per cent in 2011 and 20.3 per cent in
2007).
Public transport patronage
Greater City of
Geelong
People who used public
transport to travel to work on
Census day (LGA of residence)
% of employed people living in
area
39
5.2
Victoria
Source
11.3
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
People who used public
transport to travel to work on
Census day (LGA of workplace)
2.3
11.7
3.9
4.6
4.1
4.8
15.8
14.6
16.4
15
% of people working in area
People who rode a bicycle or
walked to work on Census day
(LGA of residence)
% of employed people living in
area
People who rode a bicycle or
walked to work on Census day
(LGA of workplace)
% of people working in area
Employed people who worked at
home or did not work on Census
day (LGA of residence)
% of employed people living in
area
Employed people who worked at
home or did not work on Census
day (LGA of workplace)
% of people working in area
Only small percentages of people reported using active travel means (public transport, walking
or cycling) to get to work on census day 2011 in the municipality and the state.
Of employed people living in Greater Geelong, 5.2 per cent reported using public transport to
travel to work. This was substantially lower than the Victorian percentage of 11.3 per cent. 2.3
per cent of people reported travelling to a workplace in Greater Geelong by public transport in
comparison to a much higher 11.7 per cent across the state.
Amongst people living in Greater Geelong, 3.9 per cent travelled to work by foot or bike on
Census day with a close comparison to 4.6 per cent of the state. For those working in Greater
Geelong, 4.1 per cent of people reported walking or cycling to work, again, in comparison to the
state percentage of 4.8 per cent.
Dedicated walking and cycling trails
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘dedicated walking and cycling trails’ are an
important indicator for consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and
data is therefore not available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Geelong has a range of off-road recreational trails for walking and cycling including:

40
Bellarine Rail Trail (a 35 kilometre trail that links South Geelong to Queenscliff following
the alignment of the historical Geelong - Queenscliff Railway Line)





Barwon River Trail (more than 20 kilometres of sealed paths following the Barwon
River)
Bay Trail (follows the foreshore of Corio Bay from Rippleside Park in Drumcondra to
Eastern Beach)
Waurn Ponds Trail (commences approximately 200 metres to the West of the Princes
Highway-Anglesea Road intersection and runs through the Waurn Ponds Valley
Parkland to Belmont)
Ted Wilson Trail (this 12 kilometre trail follows the alignment of the Geelong Ring Road
from Broderick Road in Corio to Church Street in Herne Hill)
The Troop Loop (a running circuit around the Barwon River - starts near Landy Field
and runners/walkers can choose to complete either a 6km or 10km loop).4
Practical non car opportunities
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘practical non car opportunities’ are an important
indicator for consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is
therefore not available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
There are public transport opportunities available across Geelong to support people to use
public transport and leave the car at home
Train: A fast commuter rail service travels to and from Geelong. The Geelong Station serves
passengers travelling by V/line train or bus to and from the following locations:
 Marshall and South Geelong
 North Geelong, North Shore, Corio and Lara
 Melbourne and Werribee
 Warrnambool, Port Fairy and Mount Gambier
 Bannockburn, Meredith, Buninyong and Ballarat
Bus: There are also two major bus companies which provide public transport opportunities
around Geelong, the Bellarine Peninsula and Surf Coast (Benders and McHarrys). The main
terminal for both bus companies is Geelong Station. There is also a NightBus which operates
every Saturday night from Central Geelong, and encompassing of four routes and to over 20
suburbs around Geelong, the Bellarine and the Surf Coast.5
Roads and footpaths
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘roads and footpaths’ are an important indicator for
consideration; however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Each year the Department of Community Planning and Development (DCPD) coordinates a
Community Satisfaction Survey throughout LGAs. This survey is conducted by Computer
Geelong City Council, 2012 , ‘Paths, Trails and Tracks’, Geelong City Council, accessed 03 June 2013,
<http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/leisure/paths/>
5
Geelong City Council, 2012, ‘Public Transport in Geelong’, Geelong City Council’, accessed 07 June 2013,
<http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/ct/service/article/item/8cbceb910533419.aspx>
4
41
Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) as a representative random probability survey of
residents aged 18+ years in the Greater Geelong City Council. In 2012, a total of 400 completed
interviews were achieved based on a survey of an estimated average length of 13 minutes.
Survey fieldwork was conducted in the period of 18th May – 30 June 2012.6
Condition of local streets and
footpaths
Performance index score
(out of 100)
Greater City of
Geelong
58
Victoria
Source
57
Annual DPCD
Community
Satisfaction Survey
2012
As part of the survey, respondents were asked to answer the question ‘how has Council
performed on ‘the condition of local streets and footpaths in your area’ over the last 12 months?’
with ‘very good’, ‘good’, ‘average’, ‘poor’, ‘very poor’ or ‘can't say’. Greater Geelong resulted in
an index score of 58 out of 100, which was 1 score higher in comparison to the state.
Access to public transport
Proportion of LGA within 400m
of a bus/tram stop or within
800m of a train station
% of total area of LGA
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
8.2
1
Average distance to nearest
public transport stop (including
tram/bus stops and train
stations) (in kms)
0.7
1.5
Average Distance to Nearest
Train Station (in kms)
7.2
4.8
Source
2012 - Department
of Transport
Based on previous published research, it is assumed that the average maximum distance a
person will walk to get to a train station is 800m or 400m to a bus or tram stop.
In the municipality, 8.2 per cent reported being within 400m or 800m of a train station with an
average reported distance to a public transport stop of 700m. Victoria in comparison, only has 1
per cent of the population within 400m of a bus/tram stop or within 800m of a train station, with
an average distance of 1.5km to the nearest public transport stop.
School walkability
Greater City
of Geelong
Proportion of highly walkable
13.2
Victoria
no data
Source
School locations (2012):
Department of Education
Department of Planning and Community Development, June 2012, ‘Community satisfaction survey Greater Geelong
City Council: Research Report’, JWS Research
6
42
and Early Childhood
Development (DEECD)
Road network (2012):
VicRoads Department of
Sustainability and
Environment
schools
One way of increasing levels of physical activity in children is by encouraging active travel to
and from school. 13.2 per cent of schools in Greater Geelong are considered to be highly
walkable.
Housing
Housing and affordability
Households with housing costs
30% or more of gross income
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of all households
18.4
20.4
% of households paying rent
40.4
39
% of households with a mortgage
25.5
30.5
House Prices
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Median house price
$ (thousands)
345
420
Median flat/unit price
$ (thousands)
273
400
Rental affordability
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
per person
n/a
n/a
per person - 2nd Qtr
48.3
28.8
per person - 3rd Qtr
49.5
31.6
per person - 4th Qtr
50.3
29.5
Occupied private dwellings
which are government-owned
rental dwellings
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
% of all occupied private dwellings
4.4
3.4
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2011 - Australian
Bureau of
Statistics
Source
2010 - Land
Victoria
Source
2006
Affordability of housing will affect choice of location, access to employment, education, essential
services and proximity to social and family networks.
43
In 2011, 18.4 per cent of households in Greater Geelong had housing costs of 30 per cent or
more of their gross income which is an indicator of possible financial stress. This was a slightly
lower percentage than for Victoria which reported 20.4 per cent spending of 30 per cent or more
of their gross income on housing costs.
People were spending more of their gross income on housing costs in 2011 than previously
reported in 2006. In 2006, 16.3 per cent of people in Greater Geelong (18.4 per cent in 2011)
and 17.7 per cent of Victorians (20.4 per cent in 2011) were spending 30 per cent or more of
their gross income on housing costs.
There was a substantial increase of 16.7 per cent of people spending 30 per cent or more of
their gross income on housing costs since 2006 (from 16.3 per cent in 2006 to 40.4 per cent in
2011). Across Victoria, there was an increased spending of 12 per cent (27 per cent in 2006 to
39 per cent in 2011).
Households spending 30 per cent or more of their gross income on mortgages have decreased
since 2006 for both the municipality and state. In Greater Geelong, there was a 12.4 per cent
decrease (37.9 per cent in 2006 to 25.5 per cent in 2011). Across Victoria, there was a 6.3 per
cent decrease (36.8 per cent in 2006 to 30.5 per cent in 2011).
House prices have increased in the municipality. In 2007, the median house price was 277,000
dollars, which increased to 345,000 dollars in 2010 (68,000 increase in 3 years). For Victoria in
2007, the median house price was 324,000 dollars, which increased to 420,000 dollars in 2010
(96,000 increase in 3 years).
The municipality had an increase in people occupying private dwellings which are government
owned rental dwellings since its measurement in 2006 (3.8 per cent in 2006 to 4.4 per cent in
2011). The state also saw a very slight increase (3.2 per cent to 3.4 per cent) over this period.
Sustainable energy use
Greenhouse gas emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
Total emissions of CO2 in tonnes
per occupied private dwelling
8.7
9.9
2007 - Department
of Sustainability
and Environment
Global warming is predicted to have a massive global impact on biodiversity, economies and
societies. We have already seen an unprecedented increase in violent weather events over the
last ten years. The rapid rate of climate change that is predicted will have significant negative
consequences, with Australia being particularly vulnerable.
Stationary energy use data is collated using metered electricity and piped natural gas usage
figures compiled from Victorian gas and electricity distributors.
There has been a decrease in total emission of CO2 in tonnes per occupied Greater Geelong
dwelling since data was first collected in 2004 (9.3 emissions in 2004 to 8.7 emissions in 2007).
This decrease is also reflected for the state (10.2 emissions in 2004 to 9.9 emissions in 2007).
44
Household electricity use
Household electricity use
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
Megawatts an hour per occupied
private dwelling
5
5.7
2007 - Department
of Sustainability
and Environment
Megawatts an hour per occupied dwelling has remained relatively consistent since data was
first collected back in 2004 for both the municipality and state.
Household gas use
Household gas use
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
Gigajoules per customer
41.9
52.5
2007 - Department
of Sustainability
and Environment
There has been a decrease in gigajoules per Greater Geelong customer since data was first
collected back in 2004 (47.4 gigajoules in 2004 to 41.9 gigajoules in 2007). This decrease is
also reflected for the state (58.1 gigajoules in 2004 to 52.5 gigajoules in 2007).
Renewable energy use
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘renewable energy use’ is an important indicator
for consideration; however data for this indicator is being developed and is currently not
available.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Water
Condition of natural streams and waterways
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘condition of natural streams and water ways’ is
an important indicator for consideration; however data for this indicator is being developed and
is currently not available.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
45
Water consumption
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘water consumption’ is an important indicator to
consider, however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Barwon Water
2011-12
financial year
period
Greater
Geelong LGA
Domestic (ML)
Non-domestic (ML)
Total (ML)
14,693
7,549
22,242
Source: Barwon Water Corporation, Greater Geelong LGA water consumption, obtained
17/06/13
Waste water recycling
People in Households Collecting
Waste Water
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
48.3
41.3
% of male adult population
46.8
38
% of female adult population
49.8
44.4
% of population aged 18-34 years
61.6
48
% of population aged 35-54 years
44.7
37.7
% of population aged 55 years &
over
46.5
40.2
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
Wastewater reuse provides an indicator of efforts to conserve water resources. The 2011
VicHealth Indicators Survey identified that in Greater Geelong just under half of the adult
population (48.3 per cent) were collecting waste water, which was better than the state at 41.3
per cent.
Open Space
Access to areas of public open space
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘access to areas of public open space’ is an
important indicator for consideration; however data for this indicator is being developed and is
currently not available.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
46
The City of Greater Geelong and Parks Victoria conducted a study of open space networks and
future opportunities for Greater Geelong back in 2001. An updated open space strategy is
currently being developed. The 2001 data suggested that Geelong is both a City with and
without open spaces. The coastline of Corio Bay, the headlands of Eastern Park, Point Henry,
and the Bellarine Peninsula, the rounded open hills of the Rowsley Fault, local and regional
wetlands, the deeply incised valley of the Barwon; all are large, significant open spaces.
At the same time there are deficiencies in the central areas of Norlane, Corio, Bell Park, North
Geelong, Geelong itself, South Geelong and on into parts of Belmont and Highton. In these
areas there is often a lack of significant open space areas and linkages to open space.
Many of these areas lack spaces that can identify and focus their communities, thereby
breaking up the regularity of the urban areas. Many rural areas of the City have no provision for
the long-term reservation of open space nodes, areas or links.7
In terms of facilities, there are currently 900 pieces of open space comprising 17,000 hectares.
This includes 84 formal recreation reserves, 46 netball courts, 163 tennis courts, 11 shared
courts and 12 skate parks.
The Public Parks and Recreation Zone (PPRZ) and the Public Conservation Reserve Zone
(PCRZ) are two zones that generally make up reserves. The PPRZ zones are generally the
most important for recreation, but the PCRZ also make up a large open space area that is used
for general recreation activities.
Zones
In square meters
In square kilometres
As a
proportion
PCRZ
126187461.2
126.1874612
0.100170368
PPRZ
17522423.66
17.52242366
0.013909683
TOTAL
1259728434
1259.728434
1
Source
CoGG Spatial
Information
Services
Greater City of Geelong, 2001, ‘City of Greater Geelong: Study of Open Space Networks’, Tract Consultants Pty Ltd
and H. M. Leisure Planning
7
47
It is estimated that there is currently
about 10.0 per cent and 1.4 per cent
of PCRZs and PPRZs space
respectively.
The map to the left highlights where
in the municipality PCRZ and PPRZs
are.
48
Appearance of public space
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘appearance of public space’ is an important
indicator for consideration; however data for this indicator is being developed and is currently
not available through CIV.
More information available at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Each year the Department of Community Planning and Development (DCPD) coordinates a
Community Satisfaction Survey throughout LGAs. This survey is conducted by Computer
Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) as a representative random probability survey of
residents aged 18+ years in the Greater Geelong City Council. In 2012, a total of 400 completed
interviews were achieved based on a survey of an estimated average length of 13 minutes.
Survey fieldwork was conducted in the period of 18th May – 30 June 2012.6
Community Satisfaction with the
appearance of public areas
indexed mean (out of 100)
Greater City of
Geelong
70
Victoria
Source
71
Annual DPCD
Community
Satisfaction Survey
2012
As part of the survey, respondents were asked to respond to the question ‘how has Council
performed on ‘The appearance of public areas’ over the last 12 months?’ with ‘very good’,
‘good’, ‘average’, ‘poor’, ‘very poor’ or ‘can't say’. Public areas were defined as parks, gardens,
reserves and nature strips. Greater Geelong resulted in an index mean of 70 out of 100, which
was 1 score lower than the state.
Air Quality
Air quality
Community Indicators Victoria recognises that ‘air quality’ is an important indicator for
consideration; however data for this indicator is not yet populated and is therefore not yet
accessible.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Biodiversity
Native vegetation cover
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘native vegetation cover’ is an important indicator
to consider, however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
49
Carbon sequestration
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘carbon sequestration’ is an important indicator to
consider, however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Weeds and pests
Community Indicators Victoria recognise that ‘weeds and pests’ is an important indicator to
consider, however this indicator is currently ‘under development’ and data is therefore not
available at this stage.
More information available online at http://www.communityindicators.net.au/indicator_metadata
Waste Management
Household waste generation
Non-recyclable garbage
generated by households
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
kg per household
429
475
2009-10 Sustainability
Victoria
In 2003-04 when data was initially collected, the municipality had used 378 kg of non-recyclable
garbage per household in comparison to 420kg in 2009-10. Victoria on the other hand has
decreased the amount of kg used per household over this period (540kg to 475 kg).
In 2011, the municipality used less kg of non-recyclable garbage per household (420 kg) than
Victoria (475 kg) in 2009-10.
Household waste recycling
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Recyclables and green organics
recycled
% (by tonnes) of total recyclables ~
green organics & garbage
collected
58
44
Non-organic recyclable waste
generated by households
kg per household
308
Source
2009-10 Sustainability
Victoria
283
Recyclables include paper and cardboard; and glass, steel, aluminium and plastic containers.
50
Nearly 60 per cent of green organics and rubbish collected in 2009-10 was recyclable in the
municipality (58%). In comparison, Victoria recorded a lower recycle percentage of 44 per cent.
The percentage of total recyclables have remained relatively consistent for the municipality but
have increased for the state by 10.5 per cent since 2003-04 (33.5 to 44 per cent).
If looking at non-organic recyclable waste generated by households, the municipality recorded
higher levels than the state with 308kg in comparison to 283kg per household. Since 2003-04,
kilograms per household have increased for both the municipality (273kg to 308kg) and the
state (223kg to 283kg).
51
Democratic and engaged communities
Summary
Citizen empowerment and engagement is critical in the successful development of acceptable
policies and decisions in government, the private sector and the community.
Presently, less than half of the municipality feel they have the opportunity to have a real say on
issues that are of important to them. Less than 50 per cent reported involvement in citizen
engagement activities and only a small 21.8 per cent participate in a decision making board or
committee (an increase from 18.4 per cent in 2004). Just over 50 per cent of the adult
population agree that they are able to vote for a trustworthy candidate.
There appears to be some work required to make the community feel more empowered and
engaged in decisions that affect, or are important to them.
Citizen engagement
Opportunity to have a say on important issues
People who feel they have a say
on important issues
% of adult population
Greater City of
Geelong
45.7
Victoria
Source
45.8
2008 - Dept of
Planning &
Community
Development
People were asked to respond to the following question ‘do you feel there are opportunities to
have a real say on issues that are important to you?’ with one of the following response
categories ‘yes, definitely’, ‘sometimes’ or ‘no, not at all’. The response category "yes,
definitely" has been used to derive the measure.
In 2008, 45.7 per cent of the municipality felt they could have a say on important issues, which
is a decrease since 2004 when 53.8 per cent reported that they felt they had a say. Victoria also
saw a decrease, from 59.6 per cent in 2004 to 45.8 per cent in 2008.
Participation in citizen engagement
People Who participated in
citizen engagement activities in
the last 12 months
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
48.9
50.5
% of male adult population
47.2
49.3
% of female adult population
50.6
51.6
52
Source
2011 - VicHealth
Indicators Survey
% of population aged 18-34 years
39.7
46
% of population aged 35-54 years
57.5
54.3
% of population aged 55 years &
over
43.3
49.6
Citizen or community engagement is about involving the community in the decision making
process and is critical in the successful development of acceptable policies and decisions in
government, the private sector and the community.
The survey question asked was ‘In the last 12 months have you done any of the following?
a. Attended a town meeting, public hearing or public affairs discussion group
b. Met with, called or sent a letter to any local politician
c. Joined a protest or demonstration
d. Signed a petition’
The measure was based on responses of 'Yes' to any of items a. to d.
In 2011, 48.9 per cent of the municipality, in comparison to 50.5 per cent across the state, felt
they had participated in citizen engagement activities in the 12 months prior to survey
completion.
Female local councillors
Female Local Councillors
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
Source
% of all councillors
28.6
28.9
2012 - Municipal
Association of
Victoria
Councillors are locally elected representatives and are elected for four year terms to represent each
of the municipality’s local areas, known as wards. In 2012, females accounted for just under 30 per
cent of councillors in the municipality and in the state (28.6 per cent and 28.9 per cent
respectively).
Opportunity to vote for a trustworthy political candidate
People who agree that they are
able to vote for a trustworthy
political candidate
Greater City of
Geelong
Victoria
% of adult population
52.8
53
% of male adult population
54.9
52.5
% of female adult population
50.9
53.5
% of population aged 18-34 years
57.9
51.5
Source
2007 - CIV Survey
53
% of population aged 35-54 years
41.3
48.8
% of population aged 55 years &
over
60.6
59.7
People were asked to respond to the following question ‘to what extent do you agree or disagree that
you are able to vote for a political candidate you can trust?’ with a ‘strongly agree’, ‘agree’, ‘neither
agree nor disagree’, ‘disagree’ or ‘strongly disagree’. The measure is based on responses of
'strongly agree' or 'agree'.
More than half of the people in Greater Geelong (52.8 per cent) and Victoria (53 per cent) agreed
that they were able to vote for a trustworthy political candidate.
Membership of local community organisations and decision making
bodies
People who are members of a
decision-making board or
committee
% of adult population
Greater City of
Geelong
21.8
Victoria
Source
22.7
2008 - Dept of
Planning &
Community
Development
Survey respondents were asked to answer the following question with a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ - ‘are you on a
decision making board or committee, such as a corporate board, school council, sports club
committee, church committee, body corporate or resident action group?’.
Since 2004, the percentage of people participating in decision making boards or committees has
increased across the municipality and state. In 2004, 18.4 per cent of Greater Geelong reported
participation in a decision making board or committee which increased to 21.8 per cent in 2008.
Similarly, Victoria also saw an increase, with 23.6 per cent of people in 2004 increasing to 22.7 per
cent in 2008.
54
References
Where the information in this document has not been cited, it has been sourced directly from the
Community Indicators Victoria website.
For more information, please refer to www.communityindicators.net.au
Community Indicators Victoria, 2013, ‘Community Indicators Victoria Data Framework: March 2013’
accessed 30 May 2013 [http://www.communityindicators.net.au/metadata_items]
Department of Planning and Community Development, June 2012, ‘Community satisfaction survey
Greater Geelong City Council: Research Report’, JWS Research
Geelong City Council, 2012, ‘Paths, Trails and Tracks’, Geelong City Council, accessed 03 June
2013, <http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/leisure/paths/>
Geelong City Council, 2012, ‘Public Transport in Geelong’, Geelong City Council’, accessed 07 June
2013, <http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/ct/service/article/item/8cbceb910533419.aspx>
Greater City of Geelong, 2001, ‘City of Greater Geelong: Study of Open Space Networks’, Tract
Consultants Pty Ltd and H. M. Leisure Planning
Stirrat, Amanda, 2012, ‘City of Greater Geelong: food security – Building the local picture a needs
assessment report’, Geelong City Council
VCIP Project Team, 2006, ‘Measuring wellbeing engaging communities: Developing a Community
Indicators Framework for Victoria: The final report of the Victorian Community Indicators Project
(VCIP), Published by the Institute of Community Engagement and Policy Alternatives (ICEPA),
Victoria University, the VicHealth Centre for the Promotion of Mental Health and Social Well Being,
School of Population Health, University of Melbourne and the Centre for Regional Development,
Swinburne University of Technology.
55