Long-term Missionary
Orientation Manual
Revised October 2007
ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Table of Contents
1
Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 4
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2
Pre-field & Arrival Information ............................................................................................ 11
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
3
Bonding early .................................................................................................................................................32
The Land ........................................................................................................................................................36
History ...........................................................................................................................................................37
The People .....................................................................................................................................................37
Currency.........................................................................................................................................................38
Weather ..........................................................................................................................................................38
Clothing .........................................................................................................................................................38
Utilities...........................................................................................................................................................38
Newspapers & Other Media ...........................................................................................................................39
Business Hours.............................................................................................................................................39
Language ......................................................................................................................................................39
Public Transportation ...................................................................................................................................40
Other Modes of Transport ............................................................................................................................41
Things to know About The Philippines ........................................................................................................41
Sites Of Manila ............................................................................................................................................43
Finances ................................................................................................................................. 45
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
6
Personal security ............................................................................................................................................26
A Safe Trip Abroad ........................................................................................................................................27
Philippines Country Information .......................................................................................... 32
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
5
Immunizations & Health considerations ........................................................................................................11
Arrival 21-day Tourist Visa with on-going, refundable ticket .......................................................................11
Documents to bring with you .........................................................................................................................12
Register with your home-country Consulate ..................................................................................................12
Helpful websites & where to get information.................................................................................................12
How your loved-ones can contact you on the field ........................................................................................14
Choosing and buying a vehicle ......................................................................................................................14
Schooling Options for your kids ....................................................................................................................15
Recommended Basic Packing List .................................................................................................................17
Typical Packing List ....................................................................................................................................17
Tips on how to pack .....................................................................................................................................18
Recommended Reading List ........................................................................................................................19
Miscellaneous tips on preparation ................................................................................................................19
As you go around the city ............................................................................................................................20
Important Arrival Information .....................................................................................................................22
Issues of Security ................................................................................................................... 26
3.1
3.2
4
Welcome ..........................................................................................................................................................4
About ACTION ...............................................................................................................................................5
About the ACTION Philippines .......................................................................................................................5
ACTION Contact Information .........................................................................................................................6
New-Comers’ Attitude .....................................................................................................................................7
Personal Covenant and Liability ......................................................................................................................9
General Information .......................................................................................................................................45
ACTION USA Office ....................................................................................................................................47
ACTION Canada Office ................................................................................................................................ 50
ACTION United Kingdom Office ..................................................................................................................50
ACTION Philippines Office ..........................................................................................................................51
Orientation & Set-up.............................................................................................................. 58
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
7
Purpose Of Orientation ..................................................................................................................................58
Objectives Of Orientation ..............................................................................................................................58
New Worker Orientation Checklist ................................................................................................................59
Books to help you get established ..................................................................................................................60
Immigration current laws & process ..............................................................................................................61
Getting your home set-up ............................................................................................................................... 66
Map of area with ACTION ministries highlighted .........................................................................................69
Details for language students .........................................................................................................................70
ACTION Philippines .............................................................................................................. 71
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8
Initial Information For New Missionaries ......................................................................................................71
ACTION Philippine History start-CGM-today ..............................................................................................72
Administrative Structure ................................................................................................................................ 78
Missionary Phone List....................................................................................................................................79
Calendar of Events .........................................................................................................................................79
ACTION Philippine Council..........................................................................................................................79
ACTION Philippine Board of Directors ........................................................................................................79
PCEC .............................................................................................................................................................79
Organization flow chart..................................................................................................................................80
Philippine Policies & Practices ............................................................................................. 81
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
9
Annual Conference.........................................................................................................................................81
Team Meetings...............................................................................................................................................81
Office procedures ...........................................................................................................................................82
National Holidays and Typhoon Days ...........................................................................................................82
Do a newsletter email & hard copy ................................................................................................................85
ACTION Philippines Contingency Plans .......................................................................................................87
Terrorism and Kidnapping Guidelines ...........................................................................................................88
ACTION Child Protection Policy ..................................................................................................................92
Home, Health & Hygiene ...................................................................................................... 96
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
10
Dress Guidelines For Men .............................................................................................................................96
Dress Guidelines For Women ........................................................................................................................96
Guidelines For Personal Care And Conduct ..................................................................................................98
General Hygiene ..........................................................................................................................................100
General Health And Well-Being ..................................................................................................................101
Househelp ....................................................................................................................................................102
Who on the action team to call for special needs .........................................................................................105
Bits & Pieces ................................................................................................................................................105
Cultural Basics ................................................................................................................... 113
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
11
Do’s And Don’ts In The Philippines ..........................................................................................................113
Smooth Interpersonal Relationship ............................................................................................................114
The Evolution of Religion in the Philippines ............................................................................................. 116
What's In A Name? ....................................................................................................................................118
Philippines National Anthem .....................................................................................................................120
Commonly Used Tagalog Words And Phrases ..........................................................................................120
Guide for Volunteers Who Work in the Philippines......................................................... 126
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................127
Filipinos and Their Culture ........................................................................................................................128
Barriers to Evangelism ............................................................................................................................... 139
Ministry and Evangelism in the Filipino Context .......................................................................................146
Staying Healthy in the Philippines .............................................................................................................149
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
1 Introduction
1.1 Welcome
It is great having you as a part of the ACTION Philippines team! During these first few weeks, we hope the
“flood” of information coming to you during orientation will not be overwhelming. Rather, we hope it will help you
move smoothly into life and ministry here.
The following pages contain some of the information we plan to cover during your field orientation. It is our desire
to provide answers to your questions and give you direction as needed. Some of the enclosed information would be
best read before you come to the Philippines so you know how to prepare. Other information we will cover in orientation once you are on the field. Also be sure to read the Principles and Practices booklet that you receive from your
home office.
This manual is a work in progress. Some sections are incomplete and will be developed in the upcoming months.
Other information will change and we will strive to update the manual to make it as current and relevant as possible. We
don’t guarantee the accuracy of the information enclosed but it is a general guideline to the way things are done in the
Philippine field. Any place where prices are mentioned is subject to change. Whenever there is an update, the office will
make it available to you in a PDF format. If at any time you have a question or a need, do not hesitate to ask. Since this
tends to be information overload, so write down your questions and we’ll address them. We will try to help you in
any way we can.
Our prayer is that this tool will assist you in adjusting quickly and providing you with the information you need to
be an effective minister of the Gospel in the Philippines. We look forward to all that the Lord has planned.
Your ACTION Philippine Family
Field Conference March 2006
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
1.2 About ACTION
Action International Ministries is an evangelical, nondenominational missionary-sending agency working in major
cities of 14 countries — mainly in Asia, Latin America and Africa. ACTION missionaries seek to penetrate the
slums of major Third World cities and reveal Christ and His Word to neglected families and their children through
practical ministries that specialize in reaching street children, impoverished families and victims of political and natural disasters. This is done through street evangelism, drop-in centers, camps, literature and other ministries. Bringing Hope to the Urban Poor is our mission and our passion. ACTION’s three-prong strategy for urban ministry
among the poor involves grassroots evangelism, life-transforming discipleship and innovative development. Committed to fulfilling the Great Commission of Jesus Christ (Matthew 28:18-20), ACTION networks with local churches,
national organizations and other mission agencies to reach people for Christ (evangelism), train them in Christian
living (discipleship), and assist them in their physical and economic needs (development).
1.3 About the ACTION Philippines
ACTION Philippine career missionaries
Target groups street children, squatter families, and assisting pastors and Bible school students
ACTION Philippine ministries
•
Administration & Personnel: serving the team’s logistical needs
Jeff Anderson, Field Director
Mary Ann Anderson, Human Resources Administrator
Jim Craig, Short Term Coordinator
Cindy Gingerich, Business Manager
Mike Gingerich, Assistant to the Director
* Nerie Carbajal
* Frank Egalla
•
BookShare: equipping pastors with Bible resources
Paul & Pat Ellis
•
Disaster Relief and Development: assisting the church in meeting the needs of their community after a disaster
Jeff Anderson
Street Impact Team
•
Faith Academy: providing teachers & staff for the k-12 school for missionary children
Robby and Deanna Nichols (faculty)
Leo and Angela Vaughn (Candidates, dorm parents)
•
Media Production: radio, multimedia presentations for evangelism, training and recruitment
None currently
•
Medical Ministries: organizing one-day medical and dental clinics in squatter areas, midwifery
Village Clinic: Crystal Valdez
Midwifery Clinic: Mavis Orton, Cindy Gingerich
* Analyn Asagra, Maricor Bartolome
Medical Outreaches: * Dra. Becky Majam
•
Pastoral Leadership Development: income for national pastors with handmade paper
Mike Gingerich
Paul & Pat Ellis
Raffy & Susan Sison
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Jim Craig
Seni & Lose Finau (Candidates)
Steve & Rita Read (Candidates)
•
Face to Face: Prison ministry and connecting the rich and poor to Christ and to each other through Evangelism,
Compassion and Advocacy for the Urban Poor
Will & Joanie Feuerstein
•
Street Impact Team: featuring camping, street outreach among street children and discipleship
Jeff Anderson
Shelley Conradson
Phil & Julie DeHart
Ron Homenuke
Matt & Becki Beack (Candidates)
Carl & Lisa Loewen (Honest Hands)
* Melchor De Jesus
* Dra. Becky Majam
* Elna Serbo
* Luv Zacal
•
Working Hands: vocational training and discipleship for men and women
Daryl & Sharon Germaine
Barb Burchert
Gary & Melita Root
* Rowell Arnaldo
* Chito Belmonte
* Rogel Fullon
* Renato Matienzo
* Alex Valenzuela
•
Missionaries sent out from the Philippines
Mike & Rebecca Watters (to USA and Africa)
Raquel deJesus (Colombia)
Carmen Salacsacan (Mexico)
Lilly Beth Anadaya (Applicant to Cambodia)
Rachel Mosura (Applicant to Zambia)
* Indicates staff member
1.4 ACTION Contact Information
ACTION Philippine Mailing Address: PO Box 110, Greenhills Post Office, 1502 M. Manila, Philippines
ACTION Philippine Office Street Address: 43 Cordillera St., Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines
Phone: 011-632-531-3709 • Fax: 011-632-718-4904 • Email take.action@actionintl.org
Field Director: Jeff Anderson
(To call Manila from outside the Philippines dial 011-632-plus local number)
Resources for ACTION Philippines can be found at: www.actionph.org
Website for Action International Ministries: www.actionintl.org
ACTION Offices
USA PO Box 398, Mountlake Terrace, WA 98043-0398
Tel. (425) 775-4800 • Fax: (425) 486-9477 • Email: info@actionusa.org
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Canada 3015A 21 Street NE, Calgary, Alberta T2E 7T1
Tel. 403.204.1421 • Email: info@actioncanada.net
New Zealand PO Box 8928, Riccarton, Christchurch
Tel. (643) 341-0933 • Email: rob@brighthopeworld.com
United Kingdom PO Box 144, Wallasey, Wirral CH44 5WE
Tel. 0151-630-2451 • Email: ingo@actionuk.org • actionuk@btinternet.com • Registered Charity 1058661
1.5 New-Comers’ Attitude
Mabuhay! Welcome to the Philippines!
When you arrive in the country, you will set out on an adventure that could prove to be one of the most significant in your life in terms of your personal spiritual and emotional growth. When a person encounters people from
another culture, he is exposed to many things that he has never experienced before. This exposure results in a broader and deeper perspective on life, and the person sees things through new eyes. You can expect to be a different person when you return home; and that is one of the most exciting aspects of serving the Lord overseas.
Your experiences in the Philippines must be viewed from two different perspectives: (1) How they affect you;
and (2) How they affect those with whom you work. This orientation has been prepared to maximize your own spiritual growth and your ministry in the lives of others. To do this, we are giving you a brief picture of the Philippine
culture. It is by no means complete, but we trust it will prove helpful.
1.5.1 The Importance Of Attitude
The key to a successful stay in another culture is your attitude. Your attitude can be communicated to others and
may affect the way they respond to you. It will also affect the way you will respond to the new experiences you will
encounter. Ask and expect Christ to give you a positive attitude. A positive attitude can change a “problem” into an
opportunity to see God work...in your life and in your ministry.
The following are some attitudes that will make your stay profitable:
1.
Servant Attitude. This is a key. If you communicate that you are here to help, people will listen and respond. If you communicate that you “know it all,” they may not respond.
2.
Love. When people know that you love them, you can make many mistakes and they will still find it
easy to forgive you. “Love covers a multitude of sins.” (Prov. 10:12)
3.
Attitude of a Learner. You are here not only to help, but to grow yourself. If you communicate that you
want to learn, people will love it and will help you. This attitude shows that you are interested in them.
Listen to older people and missionaries, as they have a lot to offer. You will find many things in the
Philippine culture that are helpful and valuable to know as you grow in your walk with God. One of
these is the high priority Filipinos place on relationships.
4.
Different isn’t necessarily wrong. It may be different; but different is not necessarily wrong. This is also crucial, that we be slow to judge what we see. It is very possible that we do not understand what we
see. “But let everyone be quick to hear, slow to speak and slow to anger.” (James 1:19)
5.
Changed lives will change culture. Even if something is wrong (Scripturally), remember that God has
not called us to change the culture, but to be His instruments in the changing of lives. The responsibility
for changing the culture lies with Spirit-filled Filipino Christians who have a burden for seeing their society changed.
6.
Share Christ, not culture. We are not here to share our home-country culture; we are here to share Jesus Christ. The application of one truth may be different in different cultures. Example: Time.
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In the Philippines, if you arrive for an appointment within 20 to 30 minutes after the time stated,
you are “on time.” In the West being five minutes “late” means you may forfeit the appointment. How
do you apply Ephesians 5:15-16? “Therefore, be careful how you walk, not as unwise men, but as wise,
making the most of your time, because the days are evil.”
We might say, “That means we should always be punctual.” Here, a better application might be:
“Take a book, prayer list, etc. along to utilize the time while you are waiting.”
Note that both are “making the most of your time.” You cannot say that either is “wrong” but, if we
are faced with such a situation, we may say that it is “wrong” to be late, rather than creatively using the
time.
7.
Beware of extreme attitudes. Such dogmatic statements may be grounded in Western culture rather
than in the Bible. Also, such statements can be very offensive.
“They always do this.”
“That is a dumb way to do things.”
Remember: How you look at a situation will affect how your Respond to it. As you expect God to give you a
positive attitude, He will; and that will lead to an enjoyable and profitable time for you, as well as for your teammates and those to whom you minister.
1.5.2 The Importance Of Action
Once we have a positive attitude, we can begin thinking about our actions. The guiding principle is found in
I Corinthians 9:19-23. “For though I am free from all men, I have made myself a slave to all, that I might win the
more. And to the Jews, I became as a Jew, that I might win Jews; to those who are under the law, as under the law,
though not being myself under the Law, that I might win those who are under the law...I have become all things to all
men, that I may by all means save some. And I do all things for the sake of the gospel, that I may become a fellow
partaker of it.”
The way we act or present our message will affect how people respond to our message. This may seem wrong
(“If the message is true, it should be evaluated apart from the messenger”), but it is a fact and one that Paul recognized.
The Philippines is considered to be a less-developed country and does not have the same conveniences as home.
It is very important to be flexible and willing to adjust to the expectations of your host country and ACTION. It is
also a country of potential dangers due to natural disasters, crime and terrorist activity. In light of this it is wise to
understand and acknowledge to the following conditions which will further the usefulness and safety of your service
with ACTION Philippines.
1. Realize you are subjecting myself to certain risks voluntarily, including and in addition to those risks you normally face in your personal and business life, including but not limited to such things as health hazards due to
poor food and water, diseases, pests and poor sanitation; potential danger from lack of control over local population; potential injury while working; and inadequate medical facilities.
2. Adopt an attitude that you are on the ACTION team to try to understand the host culture, not to convince the
local people of your own viewpoint or style. You go knowing that there are many different ways to accomplish
the same objective, and recognizing that your way is not necessarily the best.
3. Abstain from making derogatory comments or arguments regarding people, politics, sports, religion, race or
traditions.
4. Go as a servant-disciple of Jesus Christ and adopt that attitude when dealing with your fellow team members
and the people you are coming to serve.
5. Accept and submit to the leadership role and authority of the Philippine Field Director and your field supervisor and promise to abide by his or her decisions as they concern your term of service. This includes but is not
limited to attending all required team meetings and conferences.
6. Understand that your ministry is only part of the bigger picture that ACTION and their participating agencies
are trying to accomplish. Don’t be overly demanding, but do your best to help attain ACTION’s long-term
goals.
7. Regard the differing styles of worship with respect. Where you see needs, demonstrate your faith without a superior attitude.
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
8.
9.
10.
21.
22.
23.
Avoid any comments or actions which might be perceived as amorous attention and/or sexual harassment toward your teammates or any other individuals while involved serving on the field.
Refrain from using tobacco or alcoholic beverages and abstain from any illegal drugs or prohibited activity
while in the pre-field training or in the host country.
Be cautious in personally giving gifts, such as money, clothes, jewelry, tips, tape players, or any other item.
Although the intent of the giver may be good, the result may cause problems of expectations, jealousy and bitterness amongst the local people who received no such largesse. If you feel compelled to give a gift to someone
you have met, consult first with your supervisor or mentor before you offer or give the gift, and let them guide
you on this matter. Once you understand the culture better, you will find it easier to determine what to do.
Act as a servant-disciple of the local pastor or mission organization. Respect the advice you are given concerning attire, appropriate use of cameras, eating and drinking, and other such traditions which will help you to assimilate into the local community.
We must never change the truth to fit the culture (though the application may be different). Christ and the
Scripture are our authority; and any culture, including our own, must be judged by them. However, we can vary
the way we present the truth in order to gain an audience for our message. It does little good to preach the Gospel in an empty auditorium. The same is true in personal contacts. The truth can do little good if the person will
not listen.
Recognize that in general, Filipinos are more sensitive than Americans (westerners in general) and, if we use
our normal direct approach, we may offend people (though we did nothing “wrong”) and thus lessen the impact
of our message.
1.6 Personal Covenant and Liability
The Philippines is considered to be a less-developed country and does not have the same conveniences as home. It is very important to be flexible and willing to adjust to the expectations of your host. It is also a country of potential dangers due to natural disasters, crime and terrorist activity. In light of this and other situations, you are asked to read and sign this statement.
I agree to abide by the following conditions which will further the usefulness and safety of my time as a volunteer with ACTION
Philippines:
1. Release and discharge Action International Ministries (ACTION), its agents, employees, volunteers, individuals, participating agencies and my sponsoring church ___________________________________ (name of church), during any formal
events prior to, during and after my time as a volunteer from all claims, demands, actions, judgments, or executions that I
have ever had, or now have, or may have, or which my heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns may have or claim against
these organizations' agents, employees, officers, and volunteers, and their successors or assigns, from any liability whatsoever arising from all personal injuries, known or unknown, sickness, and damage to property, real or personal, caused by, or
arising out of this journey or damage which may be sustained by me during said trip and its training events. I intend to be
legally bound by this statement.
2. Accept the condition that ACTION reserves the right to terminate this program at any time, before or during the program, if
serious threats to the team's safety arise or if my home country embassy in the Philippines declares that foreigners should be
evacuated. If I choose to stay, it is at my own risk and I accept full responsibility for my situation and this covenant is thereafter void. I also agree to forfeit any possible refund.
3. Acknowledge that by engaging in this journey, I am subjecting myself to certain risks voluntarily, including and in addition
to those risks I normally face in my personal and business life, including but not limited to such things as health hazards due
to poor food and water, diseases, pests and poor sanitation; potential danger from lack of control over local population; potential injury while working; and inadequate medical facilities. Therefore, I give my consent for the Director or properly appointed staff of Action International Ministries (ACTION) to secure the administration of medical treatment for medication
for me in the event I am incapable of doing so for myself and do further agree to the performance and payment of such
treatment, anesthetics, medications, and operations as in the opinion of the attending physician is deemed necessary. I (circle
one)
will
won’t
accept a blood transfusion from a non-missionary blood bank if one becomes necessary.
4. Accept ACTION's policy that if I am taken hostage, ACTION will negotiate my release but will not pay ransom.
5. In the event of my untimely death during my time as an ACTION volunteer, I release ACTION from any responsibility,
financially or otherwise, of sending my remains to my home country. If my family or friends do bring my remains home, it
will be at their own expense and effort.
6. Adopt an attitude that I am on this team to try to understand the host culture, not to convince the local people of my own
viewpoint or style. I go knowing that there are many different ways to accomplish the same objective, and recognizing that
my way is not necessarily the best.
7. Abstain from making derogatory comments or arguments regarding people, politics, sports, religion, race or traditions.
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Go as a servant-disciple of Jesus Christ and will adopt that attitude when dealing with my fellow team mates and others I
meet during the trip. Remember we are the new Christians from another part of the world and will be watched very closely. I
will not take lightly this important responsibility of setting an example
Accept and submit to the leadership role and authority of the team leader and promise to abide by his or her decisions as
they concern this mission trip.
Understand that our team's work is but a tiny speck on the bigger picture that our ACTION and their participating agencies
are trying to accomplish. I promise not to be overly demanding, to do my best not to offend or cause embarrassment for the
local mission host, and to do my best to help attain long-term goals.
Attend all team meetings possible, both prior to departure and during the mission trip.
Expeditiously follow up on all requirements for pre-orientation preparation, passports, visas, financial obligations, vaccinations, travel insurance, and any other assignments.
Refrain from meddling, complaining, and obscene or insensitive humor. I realize that others on my team, during the journey,
and while onsite will look at me for an example of how a Christian acts, and will not treat that responsibility lightly. I understand that travel, especially to remote locations, can be difficult, and I promise to adopt a flexible attitude and be supportive
as plans may need to be changed. I understand that I must travel with the rest of the team, unless other prior arrangements
are made.
Regard the differing styles of worship with respect. I promise that where I see the need, I will witness my faith, but without
a superior attitude.
If a loved one or dear friend is traveling with me, we agree to interact with all members of the team, not just one another. I
promise not to initiate new romantic relationships with team members or other individuals on the field during the trip.
Avoid any comments or actions which might be perceived as amorous attention and/or sexual harassment toward my teammates or any other individuals while involved in the program.
Refrain from using tobacco or alcoholic beverages and abstain from any illegal drugs or prohibited activity while in the prefield training or in the host country.
Refrain from personally giving gifts, such as money, clothes, jewelry, tips, tape players, or any other item. Although my
intent may be good, the result after I leave may cause problems for our host, and jealousy and bitterness amongst the local
people who received no such largess. If I feel compelled to give a gift to someone I have met, I will consult first with the
team leader before I offer or give the gift, and I promise to let him or her make the final decision on this matter.
Understand that every member of this group is expected to share freely from his or her particular blessings and talents,
whether that is skills such as music, art, carpentry, or basic hard work. I agree to participate in these ways as fully as possible.
Act as a servant-disciple of the local pastor or mission organization. I will respect the advice I am given concerning attire,
appropriate use of cameras, eating and drinking, and other such traditions which will help me to assimilate into the local
community.
I agree that in the event that my conduct is considered so unsatisfactory that it jeopardizes the success of the trip, and that
mediation during the trip has failed to correct my behavior, or I have committed any serious infraction of rules or illegal activity, then my services in connection with this mission shall be terminated and I shall be sent home immediately at my own
expense. I also agree to forfeit any possible refund.
In signing below, I represent that I am 18 years of age or older and accept the conditions of this covenant.
Signed:__________________________________________
Date: _____________________
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
2 Pre-field & Arrival Information
No doubt there is much on your mind as you prepare for your time of service in the Philippines. It is something like
preparing for a wedding or the delivery of a baby. The trip itself is a major event but it is only the beginning of the adventure with the Lord. Don’t be discouraged. At times like this our enemy would love to frustrate our plans and cause us to
doubt our calling. This is not uncommon. In fact, I think we all go through it. The ACTION Philippine team wants you to
know that we are praying for you, your preparations, support development, packing and closure time, saying farewell to
loved-ones, the trip itself and finally the arrival at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila. We look forward to
receiving you as your new family in the Philippines. God has great plans ahead for you. Let the joy of the Lord be your
strength!
The following pages are meant to give you helpful information for preparing before you actually arrive. If you have
any further questions, feel free to write to us at take.action@actionintl.org . We’ll do our best to help.
2.1 Immunizations & Health considerations





Check internet. No shots are necessary but you may want to check with the Center for Disease Control for any
last minute information: http://www.cdc.gov Select the Traveler’s Health link.
Check with your medical professional and review your past immunization records to determine which shots are
necessary for you at this time. Allow enough time for these shots prior to your departure. Some shots require
multiple injections and will need to be completed either before you leave or after you return. In all cases, you
must begin those series prior to departure.
Be up-to-date on basics like tetanus, polio, diphtheria, MMR (Mumps, Measles and Rubella).
Optional immunizations that are recommended for those working among the extreme poor are Typhoid, Hepatitis A&B, Typhus
Malaria & cholera are not common in Manila but may be in other parts of country. If you are concerned, you
should consult your doctor and obtain a enough pills to last for the duration of your stay in the Philippines.
OTHER
 Plan to bring with you enough of your regular prescription medications to last for several weeks. This includes
ALL prescription medications you take on a regular basis. This will give you time to find the equivalent medicine locally.
 Bring a good daily vitamin
 Be prepared for a little stomach problem when traveling and while acclimating in the Philippines. A much traveled doctor suggests one Pepto Bismol tablet daily and 2 to 3 acidophilus tablets (yogurt) each meal. Obtain
these before coming to the Philippines.
 If you have special medical or dietary needs please notify the field of these prior to your arrival.
2.2 Arrival 21-day Tourist Visa with on-going, refundable
ticket
If you are a citizen of the USA, Canada or UK or most other countries, you do not need to secure a visa before you
come. It is much more complicated to try to get a visa ahead of time and they usually expire in less than 21 days. So all
you need for arrival is your passport (it must be valid for at least 6 months but we recommend 3 years if you are coming
as a long-term missionary) and you must have an on-going ticket. The reason for that ticket is that to get the tourist visa,
you have to show you have a ticket to leave the country. The ACTION office will help you get your ticket refunded as
they apply for your visa extension. You do not need a round-trip ticket but one that just goes to a nearby place like Hong
Kong. Your home office will advise you in this regard.
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2.3 Documents to bring with you
The following documents are necessary for processing your visa application. You should keep the originals in a secure place in your home country. Be sure to keep a set of copies of these documents for your records as well.
Bring Xerox copies of the following:
 Birth certificates
 Marriage certificate
 College Diplomas
 Ordination papers
 Any schooling papers
 For your personal records, copy of will
 2x2 ID pictures
 Blood Type
 Cash (not traveler’s checks since they are hard to cash.)
Bring originals of the following but be sure to make a Xerox copy as a backup in the event the original gets lost. In
fact, it would be wise to make a complete set of Xerox copies and leave them with a family member or friend in your
home country.
 Home-country Driver’s License
 International Driver’s Permit (IDP). Since it takes several months before you can get your Philippine driver’s license, it is recommended to get an IDP. For USA citizens, you can get an IDP through the local AAA
office or online. http://www.aaa.com/vacation/idpapplc.html For citizens of other countries check with the
place where you apply for your passports. Be careful not to use unknown services on the internet.
 Bank cards, ATM cards, Credit cards
2.4 Register with your home-country Consulate
Below is information for the Philippine based embassies/consulates for the US, Canada and UK.
 British Embassy: http://www.britishembassy.gov.uk/philippines From this page British citizens can click on the
“Online” word in blue under “online consular registration” to register yourself with the British Embassy in Manila. You can also subscribe to alert messages put out by your embassy.
 Canada Embassy in Manila: http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/manila/ Canadians can go to this website for information on how to register with their Philippine Embassy: http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/manila/consular/cs04en.asp?#roca
 The US Embassy in Manila can be found at this site: http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/rp1/wwwhmain.html To
register with the State Department, see this webpage: http://usembassy.state.gov/posts/rp1/wwwha020.html
 This website will help you locate your countries’ embassy in Manila if you are from a country other than US,
Canada or UK: http://www.tyzo.com/travel_tools/embassies.html
2.5 Helpful websites & where to get information
2.5.1 Local newspapers Star / Inquirer
Philippine Star http://www.philstar.com/
Philippine Daily Inquirer http://www.inquirer.net/
Manila Bulletin http://www.mb.com.ph/
GMA News http://www.gmanews.tv/index.html
2.5.2 Philippine Immigration Information
http://www.immigration.gov.ph/
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
2.5.3 Tagalog site
Tagalog Language and Philippine culture guide: www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_mainpage.htm
To access a Tagalog Bible online: http://www.biblegateway.com/
Global Recordings Network Tagalog Gospel resources: http://globalrecordings.net/language/71
2.5.4 Faith Academy
http://www.faith.edu.ph/
2.5.5 Money exchange rate website
http://www.xe.com/ucc/
http://www.bdo.com.ph/
2.5.6 Sign up for Philmiss
There is an email information group for Evangelical Foreign Missionaries and agencies serving in the Philippine called
Philmiss. There are nearly 500 members to the group.
You can join by sending an email to philmiss-subscribe@yahoogroups.com.
2.5.7 Manila City Guides
http://www.clickthecity.com/info/about.asp
http://www.clickthecity.com/shop/
2.5.8 Philippine General Information
General information for foreigners living in the Philippines (Although we tried to select sites carefully, we do not endorse
everything in these sites):
American Women’s Club: http://www.awcphilippines.org/home.htm
http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/south_east_asia/philippines/
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html
http://worldfacts.us/Philippines.htm (This has fairly up-to-date information).
Do you think you felt an earthquake? Here is a place to check it out:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/recenteqsww/Quakes/quakes_all.html
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world.php?regionID=19
For local typhoon information, visit this website: http://www.typhoon2000.ph/
2.5.9 The Car Chart for new cars in Philippines
http://www.motioncars.com/carchart/
2.5.10
ACTION websites
Action International Ministries: www.actionintl.org
ACTION Philippines: www.actionph.org
2.5.11
Missionary Care
http://www.missionarycare.com/index.htm
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
2.6 How your loved-ones can contact you on the field
Staying in touch with your family, supporters, friends and churches is important. They will also want to know how to
reach you in the event of an emergency or to give you a word of encouragement. Here is some information that would be
good to provide for those who need to know:
 Inform your family and church that you signed the ACTION statement concerning burial and hostage taking.
This is difficult to discuss, but it is important. Although you have signed a release to have your remains buried
on the field or that if taken hostage, ACTION will not pay ransom, your family has the option to handle these
situations as they wish at their own expense of finances, time and energy.
 Contact information until you have your own phone:
ACTION Philippine Mailing Address: PO Box 110 Greenhills Post Office, 1502 M. Manila, Philippines
Phone during office hours: 011-632-531-3709 • Fax: 011-632-718-4904 (To call Manila from outside the Philippines dial 011-632-plus local number) • Email take.action@actionintl.org
Field Director: Jeff Anderson, phone during non-office hours: 011-632-671-5440
Contact your home office if more phone numbers are needed in event of an emergency.
 Address for mailing packages or FedEx, UPS, etc., use the ACTION Philippine Office street address:
43 Cordillera St., Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines
 Advise friends and family not to mail checks or cash directly to you through the Philippine postal system. There
is a good chance that checks and cash will be stolen from letters and especially cards. If cash, you only lose the
cash. But be aware that with checks, there are scams going on to use checks to try to extract more funds from the
checking account that it comes from. The best way to make a personal gift (which is not tax deductible but is
given to you entirely above and beyond your salary) is to send the gift to the ACTION office designated as a
personal gift, birthday gift, Christmas gift, etc.. The office will send an acknowledgement that it was received
and the funds will be put into your bank account along with your salary in the following month (they should account for the time delay of this process.)
 In the same way that checks should not be mailed to you through the post office, neither should bank statements
or any other confidential information. Using a courier company like FedEx or UPS is considered safe and reliable.
If you would are interested in different forms of talking through the internet (VoIP) for free or very low price, below are
some suggestions offered from various missionaries in the Philippines. There may be many others but here are a few options:
1. Vonage
2. Lingo
3. Skype http://www.skype.com
4. MSN
4. United World Telecom
2.7 Choosing and buying a vehicle
There are good reasons to wait before purchasing a vehicle. It is very wise to learn how to use the local public transportation before you become dependent on a vehicle. Riding on public transportation gives you a much better opportunity
to get to know the local culture and people. You will immerse better and be less intimidated as you gain confidence with
riding jeepneys, trikes, buses, light rail and other. Taxis are another option if you know basically where you are going and
you need to get there quickly. You may find you don’t even need your own vehicle because you can get anywhere without one.
However, you may decide sooner or later that you should get a vehicle, especially if you have a family. You will
need to weigh two factors when deciding to buy old or new. If you have time available to deal with upkeep, and less finances available, you may want an older vehicle. If you have the funds to buy something newer, you may be spared of
spending a lot of time getting it repaired and in the long-run save money. We would discourage getting something too
classy or expensive because it will set you apart from the common person. You will always need to be concerned with
where you park it. It is not necessarily more convenient to drive.
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There are two ways within ACTION to purchase a vehicle. One is to personally finance your purchase. If you use
your own funds, then the vehicle is in your name and you are the owner. When you sell it, the purchase price will be returned to you. The other way is to raise funds to purchase it as a ministry vehicle. Donations are tax-deductible and if you
have a vehicle project set up, the administrative deduction is only 5%. If you leave the mission, this vehicle remains the
property of ACTION.
When it comes time to choose a vehicle, you may find this website very helpful. It deals with new vehicles but it will
give you and idea of what is available locally and about what they cost. http://www.motioncars.com/carchart/
You can also find used cars for sale from missionaries on Philmiss. You can join by sending an email to philmisssubscribe@yahoogroups.com.
2.8 Schooling Options for your kids
ACTION has long held the policy that each family is free to make their own choices for educating their children.
There are many factors involved in making your decision and we will help guide you along the way. You will need to
consider factors like what the mother’s involvement in ministry will be (this is another family decision), how far away
you live from good schooling options, are you willing to board your kids at Faith if you live too far to commute (like at
2nd Mile), do you have the finances, etc.. We also encourage you to consider your long-range educational goals such as
where your children are likely to go to college and what accreditation do they need to be admitted. But the decision is
yours. ACTION Philippine missionaries have used most methods available at one time or another. The important thing is
to make the right choice for your family and do not hold other families in judgment if they do not make the same choices.
The 3 primary options are: Faith Academy, local Filipino schools or home schooling. The good thing is you don’t need to
stick to only one method for the entire time. You may start out homes-schooling or using local schools for younger children and then transfer to Faith Academy for the upper levels. Or if necessary, do the reverse.
2.8.1 Faith Academy
Faith Academy, located in Manila with a branch campus in Davao, is an international Christian school primarily for
the children of expatriate Christian workers in the Philippines and throughout Asia. They are committed to equipping our
students to be Christ-like, life-long learners. They endeavor to provide each of our students with a dynamic, relevant education. Visit their website for more information: http://www.faith.edu.ph/ Most ACTION Philippine missionary children
go to this school.
Each year Faith Academy charges what they call a Capital Fee which is a fund used for campus maintenance and development. The amount per student is over $2,500 per academic year. Each mission agency is given an incentive which
will reduce that fee to as little as $76 if they will provide staff for the school. All teaching faculty and most staff are faithsupported missionaries like the parents of the student. ACTION encourages parents who send students to the school to
also mention the need for teachers and staff in your own newsletters and to attempt to recruit teachers who will join
ACTION and be a part of Faith Academy.
One thing recommended to new missionaries is to pay the first year of tuition in full at the beginning of the school
year. This will give them a 3% discount. It also puts them financially ahead so during the first year, they can be saving
toward the next year.
For kindergarten, the child must be 5 years old by September 1 and also be approved for admission. The school offers a pre-kindergarten program for 4-5 year olds. It is one day a week for about 5 weeks. It is a time when the school
evaluates the child's readiness to start kindergarten for the next August.
For the latest information on fees, visit http://www.faith.edu.ph/index.php?page=admissionsfees
Financial Information (2006)
All fee schedules are listed in US dollars and approved by the Board of Trustees. Parents are billed in U.S. dollars. Payment is accepted in either Philippine pesos or U.S. dollars and may be made on an annual, semester, quarterly or monthly
schedule.
Academic Registration (All Students)
Late fees apply to continuing or furlough returning families.
Type
Dates
First Child
Additional Children
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Regular
Late 1
Late 2
Through Feb. 28
March 1 - May 31
June 1 and after
$50.00
$100.00
$150.00
$45.00 each
$95.00 each
$145.00 each
Boarding Application Fee
Late fees apply to continuing or furlough returning families.
Type
Regular
Late 1
Late 2
Date
Through Feb. 28
March 1 - May 31
June 1 and After
Each Child
$70.00
$100.00
$125.00
The Application fee above, paid in advance, is required for all students wishing to reserve boarding space for the coming
year. This fee is non-refundable, even if the child does not start or complete the year in the boarding home, except when
boarding space cannot be provided by the school.
Tuition
The Board of Trustees determines tuition and Capital Fee charges during the first semester of each year. The numbers
listed below are only approximate and may change.
Missionary:
Elementary - $1,462.00
Middle School - $1,678.00
High School - $1,848.00
Non-missionary:
(all levels) $4,244.00
Capital Fee
The Capital Fee provides the capital expenditure for educational and plant equipment, equipment replacement, and
facility renovation and upgrading. Campus development and staff recruitment expenses are also included. The school’s
desire is for each mission to supply one teacher for every five of its students (1:5). Staff on furlough/leave will be counted
in ratio-computations as though they are on the field.
The Capital Fee is billed to families according to their mission’s provision of staff in Manila and Davao campuses.
Discounts are given to families whose missions provide staff according to the ratios listed on the annual fees list. Consideration is given to families whose missions are small and unable to provide staff. Staff-student configuration for both
Manila and Davao will be combined to determine the discount applicable to a particular mission.
Final billing adjustment of this fee will be done the fourth week of the school year and will stand even though student
and staff additions or subtractions may occur throughout the school year. Boarding students will be charged two capital
fees: one for academic and one for boarding. Non-missionary families are billed individually for this fee.
Capital Fee - Academic
Missionary:
Non-Missionary:
$2,536.00
$4,420.00
Ratio of Mission Staff : Students
1:1-5
1 : 6 - 10
1 : 11 - 15
1 : 16 - 20
1 : 21 - 25
1 : 26 and over
0 : 1 - 10*
0 : 11 - 15
0 : 16 - 20
Discounts Available
97%
91%
84%
64%
49%
35%
74%
30%
20%
Net Capital Fee
$76.00
$228.00
$406.00
$913.00
$1,293.00
$1,648.00
$659.00
$1,775.00
$2,029.00
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
0 : 21 - 25
0 : 26 and over
10%
0%
$2,282.00
$2,536.00
*Any family whose mission has families sending 10 or fewer children.
Capital Fee - Boarding
A capital fee is also required for Boarding. This amount is set at 75% of the Academic Capital Fee.
Plus transportation
2.8.2 Local schools
There are several quality local schools. If you chose to use a Philippine school, you should strive to understand their
teaching systems and methods. For example, elementary goes up to 6th grade. Then a student enters 4 years of High
School. They graduate when they are around 16 years of age and then begin college. More information to come. In the
meantime, this website might be helpful: http://www.filipinolinks.com/Education/K-10th/index.html
2.8.3 Homeschooling
The best advise if you chose to home school is to chose your curriculum before arriving in the Philippines (if your
children are school-age when you come). Bring as much of the materials with you as possible. Faith Academy provides
many services for families that homeschool including use of the library and testing services. ACTION Philippines will
request that you have your children tested from time to time to be sure their academic needs are being met.
2.9 Recommended Basic Packing List
Almost everything you will need to live and work in the Philippines is available locally. There is no need to stock up
on 2 years worth of products unless there are certain brands you need to use. We recommend you bring enough personal
products to last for a month or two and then buy locally made products. If you have opportunity to ship extra things, bring
household things you already have; i.e., Tupperware, kitchen ware, linens, towels, etc. There are some items that are hard
to get and if you need them, it would be good to bring them with you.
 Shoes, especially if large feet or special needs feet
 Large clothes if you are large size or extra tall. It will be hard to find clothes in bigger sizes but you can get
clothes locally tailored.
 Special items if the brand is very important; i.e., sensitive skin
 Things that are very special to you and will help you adjust; quilt, toys, pictures, comfort things
 Special spices (most are available)
 Cooling racks for cookies
 Powder Gatorade. Liquid form is available (expensive) but not powdered. Very good to have on hand in hot season (April/May) or for exercise.
 Tampons
 Special medications
 Good Season salad dressing mix
 Water filter system
 Lightweight jacket, sweat shirts or sweaters are useful when on vacation, in air conditioned buildings and occasionally in cold season.
 If you already have a laptop, bring it with. Otherwise you may want to consider purchasing a computer locally.
You will get better support and they are inexpensive.
2.10
Typical Packing List
In your carry-on bag
• Passport
• Airline ticket
•
•
•
Plastic bags (for wet clothes and towels)
Battery operated alarm clock
Handkerchiefs (you will sweat a lot)
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Money, credit cards, driver’s license
All prescriptions and medicines
Basic toiletries and makeup
Water bottle
Book to read on plane
Change of clothes
Camera, film, battery
Key to luggage
Sweater (for plane)
Bible, pen, notebook
Laptop computer
In checked luggage
• Fold-up umbrella
• Sunscreen
• Insect repellent: REI Bug Juice recommended
• Lip balm
• Toilet paper/tissue
• Hand sanitizer and wipes
• Rubber thong sandals for showers and floods
• 2 bath towels, face towel, washcloth
• Pillow case
• Set of bed sheets
• flashlight and batteries
• Hat
• Sunglasses
2.11
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
T-shirts (non-offensive)
Knee-length shorts
Socks
Underwear
Sleepwear
Modest one-piece swim suit (or a t-shirt cover-up)
Sandals and/or extra shoes
Nice clothes for church (according to guidelines)
Lightweight long pants
Money belt
Sewing kit
Small duffle bag or backpack (to use for short outings like camp)
Electric razors with universal voltage or bring a
converter
Postage stamps from home country (so you can send
home mail with a traveler)
Do not bring
• Expensive jewelry that you care about
• Earrings for guys
• Tank tops, flimsy shorts, short or tight clothing or
other inappropriate clothing
• Extra credit cards
• Raincoats (to hot and humid to wear)
• Panty hose (usually not needed)
Tips on how to pack
It is often only experience that can tell you the best way to pack. Almost everything you need is available locally so
if you do not have room to bring something, you will probably be able to purchase it in the Philippines. If you use special
brands of anything, bring enough to last for several months until you find out if it is available locally or not. If you have a
large body frame or feet (over size 10 for men or over size 9 for women) bring your own shoes. Large sizes and specialty
shoes are hard to find in the Philippines. Here are some general packing tips.
Boxes tend to be easier than suitcases in most cases. The size dimensions are usually up to 62”, 70 lbs maximum and
2 pieces included from the US or Canada (be sure to check with your local airline). Traveling from the UK is more restrictive in baggage allowance. Be sure your boxes are double thick. Tape them well and put tape around the sides to
avoid splitting. Pack a combination of heavy and light items and then when it weighs about 68 lbs, fill the empty space
with Styrofoam. Be sure you use a good and accurate scale to avoid having to repack at the airport. U-Haul Dish Barrel
boxes are the best but need to be cut down by 2 inches to meet requirements. Cut them down from the bottom of the box.
Reinforce the holes for the hand grips with strong tape. This will make it easier to lift.
Security is much tighter these days so your boxes may be opened for inspection.
If you pack in suitcases and you are traveling from the US, they may not allow you to lock your bags. Pack valuables
carefully in hard to reach places of the suitcase. Consider insurance. Items are sometimes stolen from baggage so be
aware.
Get several mesh laundry bags and pack your clothes in them. They make for easy inspection without your clothes
falling out all over the place.
Rather than bringing a computer from home, it may be much better to bring a laptop and pack it in your carryon. If
possible, put your cameras and other valuables in your carry on as well.
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2.12
Recommended Reading List
Anderson, Jeff, Restoring Children of the Street, 2001, ACTION Publishing, Available online at www.actionph.org or
through the ACTION Office.
Borthwick, Paul, A Mind for Missions. Colorado Springs: Navpress, 1987.
Brown, Fletch. Street Boy. Chicago: Moody Press, 1980. (obtain copies from the ACTION Office)
Elliot, Elizabeth. Shadow of the Almighty: The Life and Testament of Jim Elliot. Harper and Row.
Greenway, Roger S. and Monsma, Timothy M., Cities: Mission’s New Frontier. Baker Books, 2000.
Hoke, Steve and Taylor, Bill. Send Me: Your Journey to the Nations. WEF and William Carey Library.
Hybels, Bill and Mittelberg, Mark. Becoming a Contagious Christian, Zondervan, 1994. (a personalized approach to
relational evangelism)
Johnstone, Patrick. Operation World A Handbook for World Intercession. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1993.
Johnstone, Patrick. The Church is Bigger Than You Think. WEC Publications.
Kilbourn, Phyllis, ed. Street Children. MARC Publications, 1997.
McDonald, Patrick. Reaching Children in Need. Eastbourne England: Kingsway Publications, 2000.
Piper, John. Let the Nations Be Glad. InterVarsity Press.
Raymo, Jim. Marching to a Different Drummer. WEC International Publications
Richardson, Don. Eternity in Their Hearts. Regal Books.
Roces, Alfredo and Grace. Culture Shock Philippines. Portland Oregon: Graphics Arts Center Publishing Company,
1998.
Stearns, Bill and Amy. Catch the Vision 2000. Bethany House Publishers, 1991.
VanCise, Martha. Successful Mission Teams. Birmingham Alabama: New Hope Publishers, 1999.
YWAM, Stepping Out: A Guide to Short Term Missions. Seattle: YWAM, 1996.
2.13
Miscellaneous tips on preparation
2.13.1
Computers
If you have a good laptop (PC or Mac), it would be wise to bring it. If you do not have a computer system, you may
want to purchase a system in the Philippines. It will be more suited to local conditions and you will be able to get good
technical support.
Computer equipment of all sorts is readily available. PC equipment is usually inexpensive and much more widely
available. When purchasing a PC computer system, be sure to purchase the original system software. Typically they will
sell you a system with everything pre-loaded but then you are not able to upgrade or reload if ever needed.
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Macintosh equipment is available but tends to be more expensive than state-side. It is also more difficult to get technical support, but not impossible.
2.13.2
ACTION ID Card
One of the first things we will do for you is make an ACTION ID card. This will give you an ID for most purposes
like entering a subdivision, cashing checks at our bank (Citibank), and other uses. We can have the card ready for you to
sign upon your first day in the office if you will send us by email a photo (2 x 2 or larger), give us the correct spelling of
your full name, birth date, and blood type (if you know it). We can do all that once you arrive but it will be delayed.
2.13.3
Cellphones
It seems that everyone has a cellphone. They are very common, especially since there are many homes that do not
have “landline” phones. A decent one can be purchased for around $100. A “tri-band” phone can be used while you are
out of the country. You can buy them with pre-paid monthly plans or pay-as-you-go plans. You can purchase cards with
what they call “load” to add minutes to your phone time for $5 to $10. Once you load the time in your phone the load
usually expires in 2 months time if not all the time has been used up. Cellphones are valuable because in the local situation. When the weather or traffic cause delays, you can phone someone to let them know where you are. If you have trouble in a taxi, there is a number you can call to report your driver. Texting messages is more common than making phone
calls. You can even use your cellphone to call the US. A $5 load may allow about a 15 minute phone call. Smart and
Globe are the most common carriers but there are many others as well. But as with everything, be aware of theft and keep
your phone in a secure place.
2.13.4
Digital cameras are nice for newsletters
Pictures are valuable for reporting your news to your supporters and family. Digital cameras make it possible to
email photos but you want to be sure your recipient is able to receive them. There are many places where you can get film
developed but choose a place that seems to have a lot of business. Smaller shops do not change their developing liquids
as often so sometimes the photos will be off-color or dull. You can put your digital photos on a CD or disc to get them
developed in to photos at several places around Metro Manila. If you have the capability of adding text to a photo, they
make nice prayer cards.
2.13.5
Secure Email
The USA office can set you up with a secure email address that ends in @actionintl.org. This address will make it possible for you to receive confidential, financial information from your home office. Be sure to get instructions on how to set
it up properly on your computer or visit this website: https://www.pmbx.net/
2.14
As you go around the city
2.14.1
What to carry with you
These are items recommended for you to carry around with you whenever you go places in the city or on ministry
outreaches:
 Bottled water (can be purchased along the way)
 Toilet paper or tissue (not provided in public restrooms)
 Fold-up umbrella—especially June through March
 Handkerchief or small hand towel for sweat, drying hands, wiping off dirt, etc..
 Small bottles of hand sanitizers or wipes to clean hands before eating or right after leaving a ministry area.
 Cap or hat of some sort if you will be outside very much
 Sunscreen if you will be outside
 Camera (see “Discreet use of Cameras”) below
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Xerox copy of your passport and write this information on the back:
ACTION Office: 43 Cordillera St., Mandaluyong City • Phone: 632-531-3709 • Emergency Cellphone: 0919880-8912 or 0919-265-9770
2.14.2
The “CR” (Comfort Room)
What is the CR? It has many different name in other countries such as: toilet, bathroom, restroom, water closet, lou,
john. In the Philippines it is called the “Comfort Room”. Other than the name, here are some things to be aware of for
CRs:
 Most CRs do not supply toilet tissue so it is good to have your own available.
 In major malls, there is often a vending machine on the wall where you can purchase a pack of tissue for about 4
pesos. You need exact change.
 Lines or queues are formed in front of each stall rather than one line. So choose the shortest line in front of a
stall door.
 In many places, the water pressure is weak or the plumbing system is not adequate. It is recommended that you
put your paper waste in a basket next to the toilet, rather than in the toilet.
 Toilet seats are not common. Often women will squat on the toilet rim so at times you will find that the rim is
dirty. You can use your hand sanitizer and a tissue to clean the rim if desired.
 When out on the streets of Manila, you will see hot-pink booths along the roadside. These are men’s urinals.
 Soap and hand towels are rarely available so it is good to carry a small bottle of hand sanitizer with you. Your
handkerchief can be used for wiping your hands. Or let them air dry.
2.14.3
Discreet use of cameras
Be wise and discreet when you take pictures. Sometimes it is better to not take pictures rather than jeopardize effective ministry by being offensive with a camera. When you visit a squatter area, ask for the advise of your guide. Only one
in a group should take pictures and the others just get copies. Treat people with respect. The Child Protection Policy
makes this statement: “When taking pictures of or and with children, this must be done with the child, or parent's, and
team leader's permission. The children should not be inappropriately dressed and not naked or semi-clothed. Such photographs of adults ‘touching or holding’ children in such states, which may in the past have not ‘raised any eyebrows’,
are now frowned on, in many societies, and viewed with suspicion in motive, or exploitation, or potential abuse, of that
child's dignity and human rights.”
2.14.4
Dealing w/ heat and sunburn
You will learn in time how your skin and system handles the heat but until you acclimate, take precautions. It is very
easy to become dehydrated. Be sure you are drinking a lot of fluids. If you cannot seem to cool down, drink Gatorade or
water with rehydration tablets (available at the local pharmacies). If you are not near any stores, you should see if you can
buy a coconut somewhere. The coconut water is a great beverage that is clean (if it was just opened) and provides nutrients good for stomach ailments and rehydration. If you are hot and stop sweating, you are in big trouble so get help immediately. Learn to identify the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
Use a sunscreen –especially in the beginning of your time. The sun can burn you in a short period time but you won’t
know it until later. Be especially careful with your children since they do not know what they need. It is better to be safe
and have no suntan than to be vain and suffer for it. So until you know your limitations, be very careful. It is very common to wear t-shirts when going swimming for added protection.
2.14.5
Stomach ailments
You will go through a lot of adjustments and it is very common to have stomach ailments of some sort in the beginning. Here are a few tips.
 Bananas are good for diarrhea or LBM (loose bowel movements). Be careful not to become dehydrated. If problem persists for a couple days, try medicine. Pepto-Bismol usually takes care of the discomfort quickly, although
it may take a few days to "work it out" of your system.
 Papaya is great for all kinds of stomach problems
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Coconut water, or buco juice, is a great thing to drink when dehydrated. It is also good for stomach problems.
Coconut contains lauric acid. This fatty acid has antibacterial action which may partially account for coconut's
power against diarrhea.
Coca-Cola can be used when there is no source of clean water. It will help with some stomach discomfort and
may be helpful if the food being served may cause upset. But it will not treat dehydration.
2.15
Important Arrival Information
2.15.1
Airport arrival
Below are some addresses and phone numbers that you should carry with you as you travel so you can call us if necessary. If you are delayed overnight along the way, call us and let us know. We will call the airport to find out when your
flight will be arriving so you don’t need to inform us of a minor delay, just if it is overnight or something.
1. No visa is needed for those from the USA, Canada, UK or NZ (if stay is only 21 days or less). In order to get the
21-day tourist visa, a traveler’s passport must be valid for at least six months after entry and they must have
an ongoing ticket to return home or go to another country. If you are coming for a year or two, be sure your
passport is good for at least one year and preferably for your whole first term. Extension of visa after 21 days is
US$50 and the ACTION office in Manila will help you obtain this extension.
2. Arrival at Manila International Airport. On the last leg of your flight to the Philippines you will be given an immigration and custom form to fill out. Fill it out and present it with your passport when you arrive at the Immigration area in the Manila International Airport. For your Philippine address, write: 43 Cordillera St.,
Mandaluyong City.
3. When you arrive at the Manila airport, we will not able to meet you until you exit the airport and go down to the
lower-level where passengers can be picked up. So here is what you need to do to get from the airplane to us.
4. Very Important: If you are entering the country on Philippine Airlines, you will come into the airport at a different terminal. When you exit the building, walk to the waiting area to the right.
1. IMMIGRATION
When you arrive in Manila, you will go to an Immigration booth first. Go to a booth that says "Mabuyhay" above it.
They will want to see your passport, ongoing ticket, and the form you filled out on the airplane.
2. BAGGAGE COLLECTION
Then you will go into a large room with 6 carousals. There is a booth in that room where you can pay for baggage
carts. The carts are free. One cart will hold two boxes and a carryon. There are much larger ones available if you have a
whole family. You may need to ask airport personnel where to find them. Then you go to the carousal for your flight and
wait for your boxes to come out. If you need assistance, you can as one of the airport employees help you. Give him a tip
of about $1 when he is done getting your boxes on the cart.
3. CUSTOMS
Next you go to the Customs counter. Give them your passport and the form you filled out on the airplane. If they ask
you any questions, give them a brief description of what you have like clothes, books, etc.. Tell them it is all personal
belongings (in other words nothing is for sale.) They may want to open one or two boxes. Just answer their questions.
There should be no customs charge for anything because nothing will be used for commercial purposes. Then you will go
past an airport guard or two who will check your baggage claim slips and then your done. It is ok to state that you are
missionaries if they ask the purpose of your trip.
4. EXITING THE AIRPORT AND GOING TO THE PICKUP AREA
IMPORTANT: When you go out the front door, go straight across the street to the pavilion kind of structure with a
roof. Take the ramp which goes down (right or left) to the waiting area for people whose name starts with the first letter
of your last name. Stand under the sign designated for your last name. Wait there near the bottom of the ramp. Someone
from ACTION will meet you there. If the person picking you up does not personally know you, they will be holding a
sign that says ACTION.
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However, If you are entering the country on Philippine Airlines, you will come into the airport at a different terminal. When you exit the building, walk to the waiting area to the right and look for someone holding the ACTION sign.
Don't worry if we are a little late because we never know what to expect with Manila traffic, especially if it is raining.
If we don't arrive after about 30 minutes, then you can call one of the phone numbers above. It would be rare that we
would be that late but you should carry the phone numbers just in case. While waiting you may be approached by several
friendly people asking if you need a taxi or hotel. Politely say “No, thank you. Someone is meeting me.” (To call Manila
from outside the Philippines dial these numbers first, 011-632)
Action International Ministries
Jeff & Mary Ann Anderson
Paul & Pat Ellis
Mike & Cindy Gingerich
531-3709 or 533-1020 (office hours only)
Phone: 671-5440 / Fax: 671-5479
Phone: 638-7768
Phone: 658-5012
Mailing:
P.O. Box 110, Greenhills Post Office, 1502 Metro Manila, Philippines
ACTION Office: 43 Cordillera St., Mandaluyong, Metro Manila, Philippines
2.15.2
Money exchange
Change of Money. Right after customs there are windows (banks) to change money. Change about US$100 or so if
you are able (approx. P55 = US$1). Do not bring checks or travelers checks, but cash ($20 and $50 bills are fine). You
will also need about $15 cash departure tax at the airport when you leave the Philippines.
2.15.3
Jet-lag
Arriving in the day time or late night you will be extremely tired with your internal clock really confused! We highly
recommend you spend your first two nights in an air-conditioned guesthouse to rest and sleep. Don’t overdo it when you
first arrive. Give yourself time to adjust to the climate and time zone. If it seems the scheduled that was planned for you is
too tiresome, please make your needs known. It should take about 3 or 4 days to get yourself turned around. The heat will
drain you also so be aware that you won’t have the same energy levels as you would in a cold climate. It won’t take long
to figure out how to pace yourself.
2.15.4
Additional Travel Advise from the State Department
Although the following article is addressed to US citizens, the advice is valuable for keeping any foreigner safe while
traveling abroad. As missionaries some of the situations mentioned in here may be adapted but until you are familiar with
the local ways, please read and follow this advise.
DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLICATION 10942
Bureau of Consular Affairs
March 2002
Foreword
When you travel abroad, the odds are in your favor that you will have a safe and incident-free trip. However, crime and violence, as well as unexpected difficulties, do happen to U.S. citizens in all parts of the world. No
one is better able to tell you this than the U.S. consular officers who work in more than 250 U.S. embassies and
consulates around the globe. Every day of the year, U.S. embassies and consulates receive calls from American
citizens in distress.
Happily, most problems can be solved over the telephone or by a visit of the U.S. citizen to the Consular
Section of the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. But, there are less fortunate occasions when U.S. diplomats
are called on to meet U.S. citizens at foreign police stations, hospitals, prisons and even at morgues. In these
cases, the assistance that diplomats can offer is specific but limited.
In the hope of helping you avoid serious difficulties during your abroad, we have prepared the following
travel tips.
Thank you for taking the time to become an informed traveler. We wish you a safe and wonderful journey!
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BEFORE YOU GO
What to Bring
Safety begins when you pack. To avoid being a target, dress conservatively. Don't wear expensive looking
jewelry. A flashy wardrobe or one that is too casual can mark you as a tourist. As much as possible, avoid the
appearance of affluence.
Always try to travel light. You can move more quickly and will be more likely to have a free hand. You will
also be less tired and less likely to set your luggage down, leaving it unattended.
Carry the minimum amount of valuables necessary for your trip and plan a place or places to conceal them.
Your passport, cash and credit cards are most secure when locked in a hotel safe. When you have to carry them
on your person, you may wish to conceal them in several places rather than putting them all in one wallet or
pouch. Avoid handbags, fanny packs and outside pockets that are easy targets for thieves. Inside pockets and a
sturdy shoulder bag with the strap worn across your chest are somewhat safer. One of the safest places to carry
valuables is in a pouch or money belt worn under your clothing.
If you wear glasses, pack an extra pair. Bring them and any medicines you need in your carry-on luggage.
To avoid problems when passing through customs, keep medicines in their original, labeled containers.
Bring copies of your prescriptions and the generic names for the drugs. If a medication is unusual or contains
narcotics, carry a letter from your doctor attesting to your need to take the drug. If you have any doubt about the
legality of carrying a certain drug into a country, consult the embassy or consulate of that country first.
Bring travelers checks and one or two major credit cards instead of cash.
Pack an extra set of passport photos along with a photocopy of your passport information page to make replacement of your passport easier in the event it is lost or stolen.
Put your name, address and telephone numbers inside and outside of each piece of luggage. Use covered
luggage tags to avoid casual observation of your identity or nationality. If possible, lock your luggage.
Consider getting a telephone calling card. It is a convenient way of keeping in touch. If you have one, verify
that you can use it from your overseas location(s). Access numbers to U.S. operators are published in many international newspapers. Find out your access number before you go.
What to Leave Behind
Don't bring anything you would hate to lose. Leave at home:
 valuable or expensive-looking jewelry,
 irreplaceable family objects,
 all unnecessary credit cards,
 Social Security card, library cards, and similar items you may routinely carry in your wallet.
Leave a copy of your itinerary with family or friends at home in case they need to contact you in an emergency.
A Few Things to Bring AND Leave Behind
Make two photocopies of your passport identification page, airline tickets, driver's license and the credit
cards that you plan to bring with you. Leave one photocopy of this data with family or friends at home; pack the
other in a place separate from where you carry your valuables.
Leave a copy of the serial numbers of your travelers' checks with a friend or relative at home. Carry your
copy with you in a separate place and, as you cash the checks, cross them off the list.
What to Learn About Before You Go
Security. The Department of State's Consular Information Sheets are available for every country of the
world. They describe entry requirements, currency regulations, unusual health conditions, the crime and security
situation, political disturbances, areas of instability, and special information about driving and road conditions.
They also provide addresses and emergency telephone numbers for U.S. embassies and consulates. In general,
the Sheets do not give advice. Instead, they describe conditions so travelers can make informed decisions about
their trips.
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In some dangerous situations, however, the Department of State recommends that Americans defer travel to
a country. In such a case, a Travel Warning is issued for the country in addition to its Consular Information
Sheet.
Public Announcements are a means to disseminate information about relatively short-term and/or transnational conditions posing significant risks to the security of American travelers. They are issued when there is a
perceived threat, even if it does not involve Americans as a particular target group. In the past, Public Announcements have been issued to deal with short-term coups, pre-election disturbances, violence by terrorists
and anniversary dates of specific terrorist events.
You can access Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings and Public Announcements 24-hours a day
in several ways.
Internet
The most convenient source of information about travel and consular services is the Consular Affairs home
page. The web site address is http://travel.state.gov. If you do not have access to the Internet at home, work or
school, your local library may provide access to the Internet.
Telephone
The Overseas Citizens Services at 1-888-407-4747 can answer general inquiries on safety and security
overseas. This number is available from 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday (except
U.S. federal holidays). Callers who are unable to use toll-free numbers, such as those calling from overseas, may
obtain information and assistance during these hours by calling 1-202-501-4444.
By Mail/In Person
Consular Information Sheets, Travel Warnings and Public Announcements are available at any of the regional passport agencies and U.S. embassies and consulates abroad, or, by writing and sending a self-addressed,
stamped envelope to the Office of American Citizens Services, Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of
State, Washington, DC 20520.
Local Laws and Customs. When you leave the United States, you are subject to the laws of the country
where you are. Therefore, before you go, learn as much as you can about the local laws and customs of the places you plan to visit. Good resources are your library, your travel agent, and the embassies, consulates or tourist
bureaus of the countries you will visit. In addition, keep track of what is being reported in the media about recent developments in those countries.
THINGS TO ARRANGE BEFORE YOU GO
Your Itinerary. As much as possible, plan to stay in larger hotels that have more elaborate security. Safety
experts recommend booking a room from the second to seventh floors above ground level to deter easy entrance
from outside, but low enough for fire equipment to reach.
Because take-off and landing are the most dangerous times of a flight, book non-stop flights when possible.
When there is a choice of airport or airline, ask your travel agent about comparative safety records.
Legal Documents. Have your affairs at home in order. If you leave a current will, insurance documents, and
power of attorney with your family or a friend, you can feel secure about traveling and will be prepared for any
emergency that may arise while you are away. If you have minor children, consider making guardianship arrangements for them.
Credit. Make a note of the credit limit on each credit card that you bring. Make certain not to charge over
that amount on your trip. In some countries, Americans have been arrested for innocently exceeding their credit
limit. Ask your credit card company how to report the loss of your card from abroad. 800 numbers do not work
from abroad, but your company should have a number that you can call while you are overseas.
Insurance. Find out if your personal property insurance covers you for loss or theft abroad. More importantly, check on whether your health insurance covers you abroad. Medicare and Medicaid do not provide payment
for medical care outside the U.S. Even if your health insurance will reimburse you for medical care that you pay
for abroad, normal health insurance does not pay for medical evacuation from a remote area or from a country
where medical facilities are inadequate. Consider purchasing one of the short-term health and emergency assistance policies designed for travelers. Also, make sure that the plan you purchase includes medical evacuation in
the event of an accident or serious illness.
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3 Issues of Security
3.1 Personal security
The following information is provided to help you be prepared for going around the city safely. It may seem intimidating,
but the more prepared you are, the less likely you will be a target. Also refer to section 8.6 and 8.7 for more details for
extreme crisis situations. I hope this proves useful, and I pray that you never have to use it! Remember, put your trust in
the things of God and pray without ceasing!
Here are some tips for personal security:
 Pray without ceasing.
 Be aware of your surroundings, if it looks like there's trouble up ahead, don't go there. Don't be afraid to turn
around and walked in the other direction even if it's going to make you late.
 Criminals, just like predators, look for the weak, so walk with your head up and look around, act like you know
where you're going, even when you're tired or lost.
 Whenever possible travel with a friend, there's safety in numbers. Walking through a busy market, you’re in
danger of being pickpocketed, but it's very unlikely anybody would attack you under ordinary circumstances.
Political or religious strife could be an exception however, so once again be aware of what's going on.
 Avoid going out after dark particularly if you're alone. If you do have to go out stay in well lit areas. Also
avoid lonely places where there aren't large crowds of people. Parks are particularly dangerous after dark, a
great deal of illegal activities go on there.
 When possible stay in the center of the sidewalk, this puts you farther away from blind alleys and doorways,
criminals choose such areas to hide in and will grab a person who walks by. If you're in the center of the sidewalk it's harder for them to do so. If you walk next to the street, do not carry your bag on your street-side shoulder where someone on a bike or in a vehicle can grab your bag and run.
 If you carry a bag, choose one with a strap long enough to go diagonally across your body. You are much less liable to have your bag snatched, remember most criminals are lazy and they're looking for an easy target, don't be
easy and target. When choosing a bag, choose one that has several pockets. always put non-valuable items in the
outer pocket, while valuable items should be put on the inner pocket closest your body. This way if somebody
cuts the pocket on your bag with a razor blade, they get items that are of no value.
 If you carry a wallet, never carry it in your back pocket even if that pocket as a snap or button. A person with a
razor blade can slit the pocket open and you won't even feel it. Carry your wallet in your front pocket, take a
handkerchief rolled up into a ball and put it in the pocket above your wallet, this creates a barrier that is very difficult for pickpocket get past. It's also recommended to carry two wallets, the second one with a few small notes
and coins, this way if someone demands your wallet, you can throw it so there will be the clink of coins when it
hits the ground. Most criminals go for it.
 If you have a car, always look on the back seat before you enter the car. Avoid parking your car next to vans or
enclosed trucks, any vehicle without windows should be avoided if possible. This includes when you're walk by
as well. Lock doors as soon as you get in your vehicle.
 When choosing a place to live, try not to live on the ground floor, it's much safer to be on the second story. If
you have a ground-floor, make sure the bars are in good shape, and don't leave valuables out where they can be
seen. Motion detecting lights are a really good idea, and don't let large bushes grow close to your house, they
make a perfect place for criminal to hide.
 If it's possible, take one room of your house and make it into a safe room. Put a solid core door with a deadbolt
or bar lock, keep a cell phone or landline there. If an intruder breaks in go to the safe room and locked the door,
call the police and stay there until help arrives. Remember criminals are looking for an easy target, if you yell to
them “I called the police” or “I have a gun”, they'll probably leave. Saying you have a gun, is probably a lie, I
leave that between you and God as to whether you're willing to do it or not.
 Don't leave tools were criminal can get their hands on them, many tools can be used as a weapon, and you don't
want to arm an intruder.
 If you choose to fight back, do it with everything you have, mentally and physically there's very rarely a second
chance, you have to make whatever you are trying to do work the first time.
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When in public, keep your wallet in a safe place. Do not put it in your back pocket because your pocket can be
slashed and contents removed. When you are going to pay for your purchases, do not pull out your whole bundle
of cash. Keep it hidden as much as possible.
Hold on to your purse or bag. If the strap is long enough, strap it across your chest. If you only strap it on your
shoulder, keep your hand on it as well. When in a restaurant, keep it on your lap or on the floor with the strap
around your ankle. It is a common tactic to distract your attention on one side while your purse or bag is stolen
and goes out the other direction.
Don’t carry valuable documents unless you have to. Be sure you have Xerox copies of all the cards you carry in
your purse or wallet. Do carry a copy of your passport with you.
Be alert to activities around you. Be vigilant. The goal is to be a “hard” target. In other words, when a thief
looks at you, they realize it would be hard to rob you because you are conducting yourself in a secure manner. A
soft target would be someone who is not alert, their bag is unzipped, bags are left on a chair without being
watched (even if the chair is next to you).
3.2 A Safe Trip Abroad
PRECAUTIONS TO TAKE WHILE TRAVELING (from the US State Department)
Safety on the Street
Use the same common sense traveling overseas that you would at home. Be especially cautious in or avoid
areas where you are likely to be victimized. These include crowded subways, train stations, elevators, tourist
sites, market places, festivals and marginal areas of cities.
Don't use short cuts, narrow alleys or poorly-lit streets. Try not to travel alone at night.
Avoid public demonstrations and other civil disturbances.
Keep a low profile and avoid loud conversations or arguments. Do not discuss travel plans or other personal
matters with strangers.
Avoid scam artists. Beware of strangers who approach you, offering bargains or to be your guide.
Beware of pickpockets. They often have an accomplice who will:
 jostle you,
 ask you for directions or the time,
 point to something spilled on your clothing,
 or distract you by creating a disturbance.
A child or even a woman carrying a baby can be a pickpocket. Beware of groups of vagrant children who
create a distraction while picking your pocket.
Wear the shoulder strap of your bag across your chest and walk with the bag away from the curb to avoid
drive-by purse-snatchers.
Try to seem purposeful when you move about. Even if you are lost, act as if you know where you are going.
When possible, ask directions only from individuals in authority.
Know how to use a pay telephone and have the proper change or token on hand.
Learn a few phrases in the local language so you can signal your need for help, the police, or a doctor.
Make a note of emergency telephone numbers you may need: police, fire, your hotel, and the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.
If you are confronted, don't fight back. Give up your valuables. Your money and passport can be replaced,
but you cannot.
Safety in Your Hotel
Keep your hotel door locked at all times. Meet visitors in the lobby.
Do not leave money and other valuables in your hotel room while you are out. Use the hotel safe.
Let someone know when you expect to return if you are out late at night.
If you are alone, do not get on an elevator if there is a suspicious-looking person inside.
Read the fire safety instructions in your hotel room. Know how to report a fire. Be sure you know where the
nearest fire exit and alternate exits are located. Count the doors between your room and the nearest exit. This
could be a life saver if you have to crawl through a smoke-filled corridor.
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Safety on Public Transportation
If a country has a pattern of tourists being targeted by criminals on public transport, that information is mentioned in the Consular Information Sheets under the "Crime Information" section.
Taxis. Only take taxis clearly identified with official markings. Beware of unmarked cabs.
Trains. Well organized, systematic robbery of passengers on trains along popular tourists routes is a serious
problem. It is more common at night and especially on overnight trains.
If you see your way being blocked by a stranger and another person is very close to you from behind, move
away. This can happen in the corridor of the train or on the platform or station.
Do not accept food or drink from strangers. Criminals have been known to drug food or drink offered to
passengers. Criminals may also spray sleeping gas in train compartments.
Where possible, lock your compartment. If it cannot be locked securely, take turns sleeping in shifts with
your traveling companions. If that is not possible, stay awake. If you must sleep unprotected, tie down your luggage, strap your valuables to you and sleep on top of them as much as possible.
Do not be afraid to alert authorities if you feel threatened in any way. Extra police are often assigned to ride
trains on routes where crime is a serious problem.
Buses. The same type of criminal activity found on trains can be found on public buses on popular tourist
routes. For example, tourists have been drugged and robbed while sleeping on buses or in bus stations. In some
countries whole bus loads of passengers have been held up and robbed by gangs of bandits.
Safety When You Drive
When you rent a car, don't go for the exotic; choose a type commonly available locally. Where possible, ask
that markings that identify it as a rental car be removed. Make certain it is in good repair. If available, choose a
car with universal door locks and power windows, features that give the driver better control of access to the car.
An air conditioner, when available, is also a safety feature, allowing you to drive with windows closed. Thieves
can and do snatch purses through open windows of moving cars.
Keep car doors locked at all times. Wear seat belts.
As much as possible, avoid driving at night.
Don't leave valuables in the car. If you must carry things with you, keep them out of sight locked in the
trunk.
Don't park your car on the street overnight. If the hotel or municipality does not have a parking garage or
other secure area, select a well-lit area.
Never pick up hitchhikers.
Don't get out of the car if there are suspicious looking individuals nearby. Drive away.
Patterns of Crime Against Motorists
In many places frequented by tourists, including areas of southern Europe, victimization of motorists has
been refined to an art. Where it is a problem, U.S. embassies are aware of it and consular officers try to work
with local authorities to warn the public about the dangers. In some locations, these efforts at public awareness
have paid off, reducing the frequency of incidents. You may also wish to ask your rental car agency for advice
on avoiding robbery while visiting tourist destinations.
Carjackers and thieves operate at gas stations, parking lots, in city traffic and along the highway. Be suspicious of anyone who hails you or tries to get your attention when you are in or near your car.
Criminals use ingenious ploys. They may pose as good Samaritans, offering help for tires that they claim are
flat or that they have made flat. Or they may flag down a motorist, ask for assistance, and then steal the rescuer's
luggage or car. Usually they work in groups, one person carrying on the pretense while the others rob you.
Other criminals get your attention with abuse, either trying to drive you off the road, or causing an "accident" by rear-ending you or creating a "fender bender."
In some urban areas, thieves don't waste time on ploys, they simply smash car windows at traffic lights, grab
your valuables or your car and get away. In cities around the world, "defensive driving" has come to mean more
than avoiding auto accidents; it means keeping an eye out for potentially criminal pedestrians, cyclists and
scooter riders.
How to Handle Money Safely
To avoid carrying large amounts of cash, change your travelers' checks only as you need currency. Countersign travelers' checks only in front of the person who will cash them.
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Do not flash large amounts of money when paying a bill. Make sure your credit card is returned to you after
each transaction.
Deal only with authorized agents when you exchange money, buy airline tickets or purchase souvenirs. Do
not change money on the black market.
If your possessions are lost or stolen, report the loss immediately to the local police. Keep a copy of the police report for insurance claims and as an explanation of your plight. After reporting missing items to the police,
report the loss or theft of:
 travelers' checks to the nearest agent of the issuing company,
 credit cards to the issuing company,
 airline tickets to the airline or travel agent,
 passport to the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.
How to Avoid Legal Difficulties
When you are in a foreign country, you are subject to its laws and are under its jurisdiction NOT the protection of the U.S. Constitution.
You can be arrested overseas for actions that may be either legal or considered minor infractions in the
United States. Be aware of what is considered criminal in the country where you are. Consular Information
Sheets include information on unusual patterns of arrests in various countries when appropriate.
Some of the offenses for which U.S. citizens have been arrested abroad are:
Drug Violations. More than 1/3 of U.S. citizens incarcerated abroad are held on drug charges. Some countries do not distinguish between possession and trafficking. Many countries have mandatory sentences - even for
possession of a small amount of marijuana or cocaine. A number of Americans have been arrested for possessing prescription drugs, particularly tranquilizers and amphetamines, that they purchased legally in certain
Asian countries and then brought to some countries in the Middle East where they are illegal. Other U.S. citizens
have been arrested for purchasing prescription drugs abroad in quantities that local authorities suspected were
for commercial use. If in doubt about foreign drug laws, ask local authorities or the nearest U.S. embassy or
consulate.
Possession of Firearms. The places where U.S. citizens most often come into difficulties for illegal possession of firearms are nearby - Mexico, Canada and the Caribbean. Sentences for possession of firearms in Mexico
can be up to 30 years. In general, firearms, even those legally registered in the U.S., cannot be brought into a
country unless a permit is first obtained from the embassy or a consulate of that country and the firearm is registered with foreign authorities on arrival. (Note: If you take firearms or ammunition to another country, you cannot bring them back into the U.S. unless you register them with U.S. Customs before you leave the U.S.)
Photography. In many countries you can be harassed or detained for photographing such things as police
and military installations, government buildings, border areas and transportation facilities. If you are in doubt,
ask permission before taking photographs.
Purchasing Antiques. Americans have been arrested for purchasing souvenirs that were, or looked like, antiques and which local customs authorities believed were national treasures. This is especially true in Turkey,
Egypt and Mexico. In countries where antiques are important, document your purchases as reproductions if that
is the case, or if they are authentic, secure the necessary export permit (usually from the national museum.)
Terrorism
Terrorist acts occur at random and unpredictably, making it impossible to protect yourself absolutely. The
first and best protection is to avoid travel to unsafe areas where there has been a persistent record of terrorist attacks or kidnapping. The vast majority of foreign states have good records of maintaining public order and protecting residents and visitors within their borders from terrorism.
Most terrorist attacks are the result of long and careful planning. Just as a car thief will first be attracted to
an unlocked car with the key in the ignition, terrorists are looking for defenseless, easily accessible targets who
follow predictable patterns. The chances that a tourist, traveling with an unpublished program or itinerary,
would be the victim of terrorism are slight. In addition, many terrorist groups, seeking publicity for political
causes within their own country or region, may not be looking for American targets.
Nevertheless, the following pointers may help you avoid becoming a target of opportunity. They should be
considered as adjuncts to the tips listed in the previous sections on how to protect yourself against the far greater
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likelihood of being a victim of crime. These precautions may provide some degree of protection, and can serve
as practical and psychological deterrents to would-be terrorists.
 Schedule direct flights if possible and avoid stops in high-risk airports or areas. Consider other options
for travel, such as trains.
 Be aware of what you discuss with strangers or what may be overheard by others.
 Try to minimize the time spent in the public area of an airport, which is a less protected area. Move
quickly from the check-in counter to the secured areas. On arrival, leave the airport as soon as possible.
 As much as possible, avoid luggage tags, dress and behavior that may identify you as an American.
 Keep an eye out for suspicious abandoned packages or briefcases. Report them to airport security or
other authorities and leave the area promptly.
 Avoid obvious terrorist targets such as places where Americans and Westerners are known to congregate.
Travel to High-Risk Areas
If you must travel in an area where there has been a history of terrorist attacks or kidnapping, make it a habit to:
Discuss with your family what they would do in the event of an emergency. Make sure your affairs are in
order before leaving home.
Register with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate through the State Department's travel registration
website . Registration will make your presence and whereabouts known in case it is necessary to contact you in
an emergency. In accordance with the Privacy Act, information on your welfare or whereabouts may not be released without your expressed written authorizations. Registration through the website is not considered proof of
citizenship. Remember to leave a detailed itinerary and the numbers or copies of your passport or other citizenship documents with a friend or relative in the United States.
 Remain friendly but be cautious about discussing personal matters, your itinerary or program.
 Leave no personal or business papers in your hotel room.
 Watch for people following you or "loiterers" observing your comings and goings.
 Keep a mental note of safe havens, such as police stations, hotels, hospitals.
 Let someone else know what your travel plans are. Keep them informed if you change your plans.
 Avoid predictable times and routes of travel and report any suspicious activity to local police, and the
nearest U.S. embassy or consulate.
 Select your own taxi cabs at random. Don't take a vehicle that is not clearly identified as a taxi. Compare the face of the driver with the one posted on his or her license.
 If possible, travel with others.
 Be sure of the identity of visitors before opening the door of your hotel room. Don't meet strangers at
unknown or remote locations.
 Refuse unexpected packages.
 Formulate a plan of action for what you will do if a bomb explodes or there is gunfire nearby.
 Check for loose wires or other suspicious activity around your car.
 Be sure your vehicle is in good operating condition in case you need to resort to high-speed or evasive
driving.
 Drive with car windows closed in crowded streets. Bombs can be thrown through open windows.
 If you are ever in a situation where somebody starts shooting, drop to the floor or get down as low as
possible. Don't move until you are sure the danger has passed. Do not attempt to help rescuers and do
not pick up a weapon. If possible, shield yourself behind or under a solid object. If you must move,
crawl on your stomach.
Hijacking/Hostage Situations
While every hostage situation is different, some considerations are important.
The U.S. government's policy is firm. We will negotiate, but not make concessions - to do so would only increase the risk of further hostage-taking. When Americans are abducted overseas, we look to the host government to exercise its responsibility under international law to protect all persons within its territories and to bring
about the safe release of hostages. We work closely with these governments from the outset of a hostage-taking
incident to ensure that our citizens and other innocent victims are released as quickly and safely as possible.
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Normally, the most dangerous phases of a hijacking or hostage situation are the beginning and, if there is a
rescue attempt, the end. At the outset, the terrorists typically are tense, high-strung and may behave irrationally.
It is extremely important that you remain calm and alert and manage your own behavior.
Avoid resistance and sudden or threatening movements. Do not struggle or try to escape unless you are certain of being successful.
 Make a concerted effort to relax. Prepare yourself mentally, physically and emotionally for the possibility of a long ordeal.
 Try to remain inconspicuous, avoid direct eye contact and the appearance of observing your captors'
actions.
 Avoid alcoholic beverages. Consume little food and drink.
 Consciously put yourself in a mode of passive cooperation. Talk normally. Do not complain, avoid belligerency, and comply with all orders and instructions.
 If questioned, keep your answers short. Don't volunteer information or make unnecessary overtures.
 Don't try to be a hero, endangering yourself and others.
 Maintain your sense of personal dignity and gradually increase your requests for personal comforts.
Make these requests in a reasonable low-key manner.
 If you are involved in a lengthier, drawn-out situation, try to establish a rapport with your captors,
avoiding political discussions or other confrontational subjects.
 Establish a daily program of mental and physical activity. Don't be afraid to ask for anything you need
or want - medicines, books, pencils, papers.
 Eat what they give you, even if it does not look or taste appetizing. A loss of appetite and weight is
normal.
 Think positively. Avoid a sense of despair. Rely on your inner resources. Remember that you are a valuable commodity to your captors. It is important to them to keep you alive and well.
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4 Philippines Country Information
Quick Facts
http://www.countryreports.org/country.asp?countryid=194&countryName=Philippines
Capital City: Manila
Country Name: Republic of the Philippines
Independence Day: 12 June 1898 (from Spain)
Government Type: republic
Geography Information
Land area of 115,739 sq. m. (slightly larger than Arizona) (299,764 sq. km.)
Location: Southeast Asia/115,830 sq. mi.
Land Area: 298170 sq km
Water Area: 1830
Population Demographics
Population: 86,241,697
Languages: two official languages - Filipino (based on Tagalog) and English; eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano,
Ilocan, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinense
Religion: Roman Catholic 83%, Protestant 9%, Muslim 5%, Buddhist and other 3%
Life Expectancy: 69.6
Economy Information
Currency: Philippine peso (PHP)
GDP(per capita) 4600
Labor Force by Occupation: agriculture 45%; industry 15%; services 40% (2003 est.)
Industries: electronics assembly, textiles, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing
Exports: electronic equipment, machinery and transport equipment, garments, coconut products, chemicals
Import raw materials, machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals
For a good source of up to date information see: http://worldfacts.us/Philippines.htm
The following information (slightly edited) is taken from http://www.asiatravel.com/philinfo.html
4.1 Bonding early
"If you reject the food, ignore the customs, fear the religion and avoid the people, you might better stay at home." —
James A. Michener
4.1.1 For Visitors
Greetings: Initial greetings should be friendly and informal. Because English is commonly used in urban areas such
as Manila, normal English greetings are acceptable. The everyday greeting for acquaintances and friends is a handshake with both men and women. When one greets a young person, allow the child to show respect rather than lowering yourself to the child’s level. Older people should be shown respect and allowed to take the hand. When greeting a
family, it is proper to greet the eldest first.
Public Behavior: Even though customs and people are different in countries around the world, they are not necessarily “bad”, just different. A humble approach and an appreciation for the people and the country are crucial as you seek
to minister. If you are constantly worrying about the insects, water, health conditions, etc., you may do more harm to
relations than any other kind of visitor.
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Patience is another virtue you may do well to put into action. Life moves to a rapid pace in the States, yet in many other countries things move rather leisurely. Learn to take life as it comes and adapt to the Filipino way of doing things
during your stay.
Be sincere and friendly in your dealing with others. An opportunity may present itself for you to minister if you remain
sensitive to the people around you.
Hospitality: Hospitality is an important part of life and guests should be relaxed and enjoying themselves. When visiting in a family’s home, a guest should be personal and tactful. Filipinos appreciate genuine love and concern expressed in a very open and compassionate manner. Insincerity will not be appreciated. The word “hostess” should not
be used when referring to the lady of the house. Eating heartily is a sure way a guest can compliment the lady of the
house on a meal.
Health: The medical services offered in the Manila area are quite reliable. Though the water supply in Manila is generally considered safe to drink, visitors should not drink untreated or unboiled water in the Philippines. Because of the
climate, mosquitoes are a nuisance, so come prepared with repellent.
4.1.2 Dress Guidelines—dress for success
There are two key factors to bear in mind when choosing clothes for the Philippines. 1. lightweight and cool; and, 2.
modest and appropriate for ministry. Later in this manual you will find more details but keep these two principals in
mind as you purchase items for the field. Please understand that our standards need to be stricter than those at home
because we are ministering in a more modest context. When you look at how people are dressed in the shopping malls
it may seem that the standards are the same as the West, but this is not what we base our ministry standard on. What is
described below is how our Filipino and Filipina co-workers would dress and is more appropriate for working in prisons and slums and with street kids as well as conferences. It is important to understand that the following is not meant
to be legalistic. It can be a very sensitive topic when we start talking about the way people dress. However, we do not
want to cause others to stumble. We want to dress according to how well we want the gospel message to be received in
the Philippine context. If people are distracted by our clothes and appearance, they won’t hear our message.
1.
2.
3.
Dressing for hot climate: Cotton is cooler than other fabrics but try to find wrinkle resistant blends. Many synthetics do not breathe well and become very uncomfortable. You may find that jeans are too hot, so be sure to
pack lightweight slacks. Long slacks are useful in the evening when the bugs come out, especially at 2 nd Mile
where it is cooler! The weather doesn’t cool down much at night. Unless you’re staying at a guesthouse, you’ll
probably sleep on top of the sheets in a t-shirt and shorts. Although it can be very rainy, it is preferred to use
an umbrella rather than a rain coat because coats will be too hot. You won’t need a sweater very often but do
bring one for the plane ride, evenings at 2nd Mile and air conditioned churches.
Modesty: The key is to bring clothing that is comfortable but modest. If you are in doubt, the best bet is to
leave it at home. There should be no visible underwear or anything resembling it. Guys, this means no muscle
shirts, and no visible boxers. Girls, this means no tank tops, halter-tops, strapless tops or shirts that reveal the
midriff. Do not bring any clothing where your nipples, bra or panties show through the fabric. If you bring
something inappropriate, you’ll be asked to put it away. Clothes should not be skin tight. Avoid solid white tshirt. If it has a design, fine, but otherwise it may be considered to be an undershirt. Also if you are caught in a
downpour, a white t-shirt is less modest.
Miscellaneous advise: Solid white or solid black colors are worn for funerals, especially in the rural areas. It is
suggested that you do not bring any valuable clothing or jewelry. Blow dryers and curling irons can be impractical at places like camp because they may not have the right type of outlet near a mirror.
Guidelines for Camping and Squatter Ministry
For women, sleeveless shirts are fine if the shoulder is covered and the armholes aren’t too big or the front too revealing. And be sure your shirts are long enough to cover the top of your pants or skirt by at least 3 inches. Cover up
cleavage completely--even when bending over. Short shorts are not acceptable. Plan on bringing capris, crop pants,
etc.. Calf-length pants are best for wearing in squatter areas where the ground can be muddy. For camp long shorts may
be used, (also known as Bermuda shorts) with an inseam of about 12” or preferably long enough to come to the top of
your knees when you are sitting. Tight or short skirts don’t work well for climbing in and out of vans or jeepneys. Be
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aware of shirts that gape open at the neckline or ride up when bending over or when you pick up little kids! You’ll
mostly wear shorts and pants at camp, but do include a skirt or dress to use at camp for banquet night.
Men at camp and in squatter areas you’ll be mostly wearing knee length shorts and casual pants, but do include
nice pants and a shirt to wear at the camp banquet. If your ears are pierced, your earring(s) should be discrete (or left at
home) so you don’t stand out any more than you do already, and so you won’t be misinterpreted.
Everyone needs to wear comfortable shoes. The weather is hot, your feet may swell, the streets are dirty, and we’ll
be on our feet a lot. Tennis shoes or the equivalent work well. Sturdy sandals are fine too. Bring a pair of casual shoes
appropriate for walking around in muddy, slimy squatter areas like Crocs or canvas shoes. Bring rubber flip flops or
shower shoes to use in the showers at camp, but they should not be worn when we’re out in Manila public. Then sandals or tennis shoes are a better choice.
Men and women--you can bring modest shorts, vacation casual clothes, tennis shoes, and modest bathing suit (for
women that means covering cleavage, midriff and going down to the top of the leg, for men that means mid-thigh gym
type shorts) if you will be at a resort or hotel sometime during your visit.
Guidelines for Prison Ministry
Wearing yellow or orange shirts are not allowed for visitors to the prisons.
Men should wear slacks or jeans, not shorts. Shirt style depends on their role at the prison. If preaching, follow the
Guidelines for Conference Speakers and Church. If visit is just ocular, casual is ok but not sloppy. Jeans are ok with a
nice shirt but don’t “dress down”.
For women, the less skin and form showing on a woman the better because of the environment. Pretty is ok and
good and shows respect but conservative is the key word for visits especially in the men’s prisons. Layers are good. No
sleeveless styles unless covered with a shirt or jacket. No scoop necks that gape open. Slacks, capri pants, dresses or
skirts need to cover most of leg-- calf-length. No tight or “form fitting” clothes. No fabrics or styles that would reveal
bust, bras, nipples or underwear. (For example, no sheer, tight or even white fabrics that may show undergarments thru
the material.)
Guidelines for Conference Speakers and Church
Attire for conference speakers and church attendance is casual dress (casual but neat). Men--no shorts, cut offs, tshirts or slippers (except for bedroom and shower). Collar shirt, dress slacks & shoes are best. When speaking, dress
shirt (and sometimes a tie). Men may want to purchase a local dress shirt called a Barong. They come in short and long
sleeves and are what most men wear to conferences. They are worn with black or dark colored slacks. Shoes: Men
should bring shoes or socks to wear with dress sandals.
Women- dresses/skirts (preferably not sleeveless) for meetings, nice slacks/ blouses for other occasions and modest at all times. Very common for church or meetings, women wear dress skirts or pants and a dressy top. Women
should wear dress shoes or sandals, preferably flats or low heels.
Even though it is hot in the Philippines please do not dress as if you are going to Hawaii and on a vacation unless
going to a beach is included in your itinerary! If going to a nice restaurant or if there is a special occasion, men should
wear a dress shirt and slacks and women wear a nice dress or slacks with a blouse. Please pack flip flop sandals that
can be worn at camp, in the shower or in heavy rain that would ruin regular shoes but these should not be warn to meetings or church. Flip flops should not be worn for shopping in the malls, meetings or church.
4.1.3 Grooming
Proper grooming is very important! Please shower at least once or twice daily (!!!) or more if needed! Use deodorant! Men, you will perspire a lot so it is good to also wear an undershirt to help absorb the sweat. Change clothes
daily! Also shower and change before going out in the evening for meetings or dinner. In the West, we have the mentality of “anything goes”, but this is not the case in the Philippines. The degree to which you dress up or down should
match the occasion. Remember, the weather is hot but we still need to dress with modesty!
1. Body cleanliness: Please shower at least once or twice daily (!!!) or more if needed! Due to higher heat and
humidity here, it is important to shower often. Remember to bring deodorant and use it! Men, you will perspire a lot so it is good to also wear an undershirt to help absorb the sweat. Change clothes daily! Also shower
and change before going out in the evening for meetings or dinner. Take measures to take care of bad breath.
Clothing cleanliness: Be sure that whatever you bring is lightweight and washable. Keep your clothes clean and
ironed. Your clothing should always be appropriate for the occasion. Be sure to bring more than one set of clothes for
each day. You’ll be sweating a lot and will need to allow for extra clothes. Bring enough clothes for 7 days between
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washings. It is also culturally expected that your clothes be ironed. Wrinkled clothes are not acceptable (except for
crinkle fabrics that are designed that way).
4.1.4 Speak with respect
As missionaries, we are guests in the Philippines. It would be inappropriate to have any sort of superior attitude
toward the local people. Treat all people with respect, from the business man to the street sweeper. Titles are important
in the culture. If a person is a pastor, doctor, attorney or engineer, you would use their title when you address them.
Among believers, it is polite to refer to people as “brother” or “sister”. As you get to know the language a little deeper,
you will learn other terms of respect like Kuya (for older brother) or Ate (for older sister). There is more about titles
later in this manual.
4.1.5 Appropriate behavior
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People are very friendly (but do not hug the opposite sex).
Do not ask “why?” but “that is interesting, tell me about it.”
Do not say “what is this food?” but “please tell me about this dish (or food)”
If you really cannot eat something served to you, blame yourself. Rather than saying you don’t like it, say
something like “I have a weak stomach.”
You will have lots of rice (and bread, fish, chicken, pork, beef, vegetables)—similar to Chinese food.
Eating is usually with big spoon in one hand and fork in the other.
Smile and be friendly to Filipinos. Be Christ-like, humble and helpful. Ask questions about their life and
family.
Do not compare the Philippines with your country nor discuss politics.
The country is “the Philippines” (not the Philippine Islands); people in general are “Filipinos” (not Philippinoes). Men are Filipinos, women are Filipinas.
Main languages are Tagalog (Pilipino), Cebuano, English, Ilocano, and Hiliganan.
Population of the Philippines is nearly 84 million; Manila is about 12 million.
April is the hottest month, January the coolest but it is usually hot and humid throughout the year.
4.1.6 Top 10 ways to be a good guest
It’s not always easy to be a good guest. When you were little, your mother may have given you a few tips when you
went to visit someone. It’s not natural to know what’s expected of you. Here is a list of practical tips on being a guest
in a cross-cultural situation. Though you may never fully understand why, it’s a pretty sure bet that these 10 social hints
(in no particular order) are universally acceptable for acting with sensitivity and humility.
1. Show respect for your host by using the proper greetings and titles, especially to the eldest in the group.
2. Ask your new acquaintances about their families. You can show them pictures of your family, but leave
out the ones of your standard house or car.
3. Be a good observer and listener, and ask polite questions. Try not to talk too much—usually not a problem
when you don’t know the language.
4. Dress appropriately to show honor to the culture. Women should dress modestly and have their shoulders
covered. Women shouldn’t wear shorts or pants unless given permission by the host organization. Men need
to ask about wearing shorts too.
5. Act very discreetly with the opposite sex. Avoid public displays of affection. For singles, avoid being seen
alone or talking alone with the opposite sex. You can pursue any new relationships that may interest you when
you get home.
6. Always show gratitude for your accommodations and food, whatever they may be. You are most likely
receiving the best they have to offer. Don’t boast about what Americans have. Don’t make special requests for
some food you are missing.
7. Never show your temper. Many cultures see a display of anger as the greatest of sins.
8. Be sure you get permission to photograph someone. Don’t offend your hosts by taking photos of what may
be considered private space or what is considered a negative aspect of the country.
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Show empathy and appreciation, not pity, for the surroundings. This is your new friends’ home. Show respect for it, and if there are beggars in the area, ask your host how to deal with them since local philosophies
and practices vary from place to place.
10. Be flexible with your time. Go with the flow of the culture and the ministry you’re involved with. Go to learn
and serve, not to keep track of the time. Remember what they say about Americans: “They have the watches,
but we have the time.”
Taken from Before You Pack Your Bag, Prepare Your Heart by Cindy Judge
9.
4.1.7 Understand local gestures
Here are a few local gestures that would be good to be aware of. Some you should use, others you should not.
 When signaling to someone that you would like them to come over to where you are, flag them with your arm
out, the palm of your hand down and bend your wrist toward you. Use this gesture when you want to stop a
taxi cab or jeepney to pick you up. Do not use your forefinger with your palm up. That is offensive.
 When passing between 2 people that are engaged in a conversation, duck down below their heads and put
your hand out in front of you, palm sideways, as if you are parting the way.
 Raising the eyebrows means “yes” or “hello”.
 Puckering lips (as if you’re going to blow a kiss) with head tilted slightly backward is a good way to point
without using your hands. If you point with your hand, use your whole hand, palm at an angle upward, and not
just the pointer finger. Some cultures point with their middle finger but that is not acceptable in the Philippines.
 It is common that when someone does not understand what you said or did not hear you, they will open their
mouth. It is as if they want you to repeat what you said.
4.2 The Land
Land and Climate: The Philippines is made up of some 7,250 islands, with the total land area being approximately
equal to the state of Arizona. The climate ranges from warm to hot as the temperatures fluctuate from about 60-90
degrees Fahrenheit. The average mean temperature is 80 degrees. It is quite humid all year round, even though there
are basically two seasons, rainy and dry. The rainy season extends from June to October. Manila receives an average
of 80 inches of rain each year.
The Philippines is an archipelagic nation made up of 7,107 islands spanning 1,840 kilometers north to south. It is part
of the East Indies, a vast island group lying south and east of mainland Asia, with Taiwan at its northernmost coast and
Borneo on the south. The three main Philippine island groups are Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.
Luzon is the island of contrasts. The most modern districts in the Philippines, including the capital city of Manila, are
in Luzon, but so are some of the oldest tribal communities in the nation like the Ifugao of the Cordilleras. Luzon is
also where a visitor can see the latest model luxury cars overtaking a carabao sled or modern skyscrapers within driving distance of primordial volcanoes.
The Visayas is famous for its charm, a trait shared by many other southern regions in the world, but here seems to run
deeper among a people who are intrinsically connected to their sun soaked island home. The Visayas is also famous as
a seat of history, being one of the earliest landfalls of western voyagers. It has also gained a reputation as being a cradle
of the nation's future, if the unprecedented economic growth of Cebu City continues.
Mindanao is our offering to the Guinness Book of Records with the world's largest clam, the world's largest Eagle, the
nation's highest peak and the world's largest city. Mindanao is also home to the Philippines' Muslim population.
With a land mass of 300, 780 square kilometers, the Philippines is considered a medium-sized nation, about twothirds the size of its first colonizer, Spain, and a little larger than the British Isles. Manila is only one hour and 40
minutes from Hong Kong by jet; Sydney only 7 1/2 hours away. Flights to Europe take 17 hours and to the American
west coast 15 hours.
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The Philippines has many things to offer the visitor: a mixture of the old and the new, a diversity of art and culture and
a warm, friendly people. Blessed by nature, the Philippines has something to offer every sportsman too . . . extraordinary dive sites, forests to roam, mountains to climb, caves to explore.
4.3 History
Situated on the crossroads of Asia, on the eastern rim of the China Sea, the Philippines has hosted voyagers, migrants
and traders since the dawn of history. That it was the center of lively Asian trade route that stretched all the way to
China and Japan can be seen from the relics these early visitors left behind. Among our archaeological treasures is a
Neolithic spirit boat typical of early Southeast Asian culture.
The West discovered the Philippines when Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who sailed for Spain, landed
in Cebu in 1521. However, colonization didn't actually begin until 1565, when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi established a
Spanish base in the town of Manila.
Because Philippine society was loosely organized, without a central government, the Spanish conquest was rapid and
total. Only the Muslims in the south and some inaccessible hill tribes were able to resist Spanish influence. Along with
the Spanish conquerors came a new religion, Christianity, a new language, new laws and the galleon trade.
Despite several uprisings against Spain, including the Katipunan, a revolutionary movement inspired by Dr. Jose Rizal
and led by Andres Bonifacio, it was the United States of America that broke the Spaniard's grip on the Philippines.
Unfortunately, that began the nation's second period of colonization. Once again there was resistance, this time led by
Emilio Aguinaldo; but his rag-tag army was no match for Admiral Dewey's forces. In 1901, with Aguinaldo's capture,
the Americans were entrenched.
The Americans brought over their educational system, their legal system and planted the seeds of their own style of
government. In 1935, the Philippines became an American commonwealth country with Manuel Luis Quezon as president. The status quo ended with the Japanese Occupation; and it wasn't until 1946, after the end of the Pacific war, that
the Philippines finally regained true independence as the Republic of the Philippines under the presidency of Manuel
Roxas. Still one of the strongest democracies in Asia. In early 2001, President Joseph Ejercito Estrada was removed
from office and Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president. In June 2004, she was relected as president to serve a 6 year term.
4.4 The People
Halo-halo is a Filipino word that means mixture. While it describes a popular dessert, it could also describe the Filipinos. They look like Asians, write and speak English like Americans, worship like Spaniards, and have an outlook that
is international.
Like the Southern Chinese, the Thai, Malay, Indonesian and Burmese, the modern-day Filipino traces his remotest genetic lines back to an Australoid and Mongoloid stock. You will also find a touch of Caucasian, Chinese, Indian and
Arabic in their gene pool as well. But to truly understand the Filipino, you have to look at the land. The historic isolation between islands and the topographic isolation on each island, become the primary influence governing regional
traits and societal behavior.
This diversity makes Filipinos all the more interesting. However, what is apparent isn't how different they are from
each other, but rather how alike they are. Brought together by a common history, and looking forward to a common
future, it is not surprising to find a sharing of certain traits. Their warmth, graciousness and hospitality—all part of the
Filipino psyche—will make your stay a delight.
The Family: The Filipino family is basically an extended family as opposed to our nuclear family in the West. Filipinos include more than just the immediate family members in close family ties. Women are generally in chare of the
house, the children, and often the family finances. Children, once they are raised are expected to support their parents
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and/or younger siblings so that they might have a chance at further schooling or a good job. The average family size in
the Philippines is 5.9 people—the tenths largest in the world.
Personal Appearance: As elsewhere in the world, clothing trends have been changing in the Philippines. A few years
ago, everyday work clothing for men consisted of shorts and a T-shirt. Today denim jeans have replaced the shorts.
Women typically dress in Western clothing, however, shorts are not appropriate attire. For the most part, Filipinos
dress very neatly.
4.5 Currency
The currency in the Philippines is the Peso (PhP) and the Centavo. 100 centavos = P1. Coin denominations are: 1, 5,
10 pesos, and 5, 10 and 25 centavos, P1, P5 and P10. Bill denominations are : 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1, 000 pesos.
In October 2007 the exchange rate is around P45 to $1 USD.
Foreign currency may be exchanged at a hotel, and in most of the large department stores, banks and authorized money
changing shops. Exchanging money anywhere else is illegal and the laws are strictly enforced.
Most large stores, restaurants, hotels and resorts accept major credit cards including American Express , Visas and
MasterCard. Traveler' s checks preferably American Express are accepted at hotels and large department stores. [However, Traveler’s checks are inconvenient since you can only cash a limited amount per day and you have to present
your passport for ID.] Personal checks drawn on foreign banks are generally not accepted. Peso cash can be withdrawn
from ATM machines located in malls, at banks and in many locations.
4.6 Weather
The Philippines is tropical with just two seasons--hot and dry from November to June, and rainy from July to October.
Filipinos will tell you that it is cool from December through February and they themselves will wear jackets.
4.7 Clothing
People in the Philippines dress for the weather (HOT!) Casual attire during the day for women are light blouses and
shorts. For men collared T- shirts worn over slacks. In the evening skirts are substituted for shorts and the T-shirts are
tucked in.
For Men Only: If you expect to have to attend any occasion which would usually require a jacket and a tie (which is
torture in this weather) there is a wonderful substitute. Go immediately to a department store and buy a barong Tagalog. It is an embroidered shirt that is considered a formal dress. It will cost more or less PhP1,000.00, but it is worth
every centavo.
4.8 Utilities
Electricity is 220 volts a/c. Many of the major tourist hotels also have 110 volt a/c outlets. Round and flat outlets are
intermixed so the shape of the holes does not indicate if it is a 110 or 220 outlet. Never test an outlet using a 110v appliance, you will damage the appliance if the outlet is 220v. If you test using a 220v appliance in a 110v outlet no damage will be done but the appliance will function at about half its capacity. If your home is not equipped with 110v
outlets, you will need to use transformers for any 110v appliances you have.
Automatic Voltage Regulators are recommended for sensitive equipment such as computers. It is also recommended to
have a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) for your computer. The electricity can shut off at any time for a split second
or several hours and the UPS will protect your equipment. Delay start-up timers for refrigerators or air conditioners
will be helpful to the compressors so that if the power goes off for a couple seconds or fluctuates rapidly, the delay
device will protect.
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Water supply in Metro Manila and in all the other major cities are considered potable. Bottled purified water, spring
water or mineral water is often supplied by hotels and resorts, and sold in all grocery stores. If you live you do not want
to boil your water and you do not have a good water purifier, you can order bottled water for delivery to your house.
There are different types of dispensers available and sometimes are free as a part of a water delivery service.
Telephone service is modern and you can direct dial anywhere in the world. Public phones are plentiful. Public phones
require a minimum of two one-peso coins for a local call.
Most utilities can be paid in shopping malls where there are counters set up called “Bayad” Centers or Payment Centers. You should not mail the payments for your bills because it may never arrive.
Some Important Telephone Numbers: (24-Hour Hotline)
Police & Fire: 757 or 116
Emergency No.: 501- 650 or 501- 728
Directory Assistance: 114
National Operator: 109
International Operator: 108
4.9 Newspapers & Other Media
The newspapers in the Philippines have been called the freest in the world, as you will see for yourself, with more than
24 different morning papers to choose from, most of them in English. There is also a wide selection of magazines
printed in English including Time, Newsweek and Asiaweek. In Metro Manila you can buy the Asian Wall Street Journal, The International Herald Tribune and USA Today.
Television is “on the air” from early morning to midnight, showing American programming as well as local programming. The standard channels are 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, and 23. If you need more channels, most of the major hotels are with
Cable TV bringing in TV programs from all over the world.
There is also AM and FM radio broadcasting with the pop stations primarily on AM in Filipino and the English language programs on FM.
4.10
Business Hours
Most businesses are open from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM weekdays and 8:00 AM till noon Saturdays.
Banks are open from 9:00 AM till 3:00 PM Mondays through Fridays. When banking in the Philippines, it is advisable
to have your passport with you for identification.
The post offices are open from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM weekdays only. Stamps for postcards are frequently available
from the Concierge Desk at most major hotels. The Philippines uses ZIP codes, please include them in addressing local
mail.
NOTE: The Standard lunch hour is noon to 1:00 PM. Most businesses and government offices are closed.
The ACTION office staff work from 8am to 4:30pm with 1/2 hour lunch break.
4.11
Language
While there are over 100 regional languages in the Philippines, the national language is Filipino, with English as the
most widely spoken second language. All business, governmental and legal transactions are conducted in English.
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4.12
Public Transportation
During your stay in the Philippines, you will be able to use and enjoy the public transportation system. The following
are the most common used public transportation:
Buses : Both air-conditioned and regular buses travel most of the major routes in Metro Manila. On an air-con bus a
short ride costs PhP 9.00 (or more), adding a few peso for every succeeding kilometer. The regular bus' minimum fare
is PhP 4.00 (or more). Just tell the conductor where you are going and he will tell you how much it costs. Keep your
bus receipt as it is your proof of payment. They are pretty much the same as stateside buses but their rules are a bit different. Buses travel on main streets, such as highways and busy streets. Buses will slow to a stop for you to get on and
off but don’t be surprised when you’re on the first step and the wheels start to roll. Also buses are allowed to hold as
many people as they can squeeze in. You may not always get a seat so hold on to the handrail above your head. A conductor will come by and collect your money. Tell him/her where you are going, then he/she will tell you the price and
give you a ticket stub. Keep this stub because sometimes you will have a bus inspection and will need to show it to the
inspector. When you get off the bus you will no longer need this stub. If you are not sure where you will be getting off,
let the conductor know you would like to know when to get off. The conductors are very helpful and always willing to
be of assistance.
Jeepneys : Bright colorful replicas of World War II jeeps are used daily.
Jeepneys are not allowed on highways but are found on main streets and side
streets. To flag down a jeepney as you also would a taxi or a bus. You raise your
hand to get the attention of the driver so he will stop. Usually the jeepneys hold
16 passengers plus the driver. This is 7 on each side in the back and two up front
with the driver. It is best to pay as you board the jeepney. Tell the driver where
you’ll be getting off and he will charge you correctly. To stop the jeepney stop
the jeepney so you can get off, you will say “MAMA, PARA”, or “SA TABI LANG PO.” It is best to look at the driver
to make sure he heard you. Don’t panic if he doesn’t stop right away—it may be an illegal stop area. Called “folk art on
wheels,” jeepneys ply most of Manila's secondary roads and even a few major thoroughfares. They're as much fun to
ride on as they are to look at and you have to try one. Although there are regular stops, you can often just flag one
down and hop on. Call out “bayad” (bah-yhad) and pay the driver. If you are too far back, pass your PhP 5.00 (minimum fare for the first 4 kilometers; 1 peso additional for every succeeding 500 meters) down. When you are ready to
get off, call out “para” (pah-rah); wait till he slows down and jump.
Taxis: Air-conditioned taxis cost PhP25.00 on the meter and an additional PhP 2.00 is added for every succeeding 200
meters to the final cost. Non-air-conditioned taxis do not ply anymore. Taxis are always lined up at the major hotels
and tourist restaurants and can be hailed on the street. If you take a taxi, make sure the driver turns on the meter. If he
gives you a story that it is broken, get out and take another taxi. Unless you are taking a long trip or the traffic is unusually horrible, most taxi rides should be well under P100. At least a 10% tip is expected. Taxis are fun and exciting,
and are easy to find just about anywhere in Manila. Taxis have load limits of 4 to 5 people per taxi. After you have
gotten in the taxi, the driver will ask you “SAAN TAYO?” where are we going)? Let him know your destination first,
then if he is not sure about which direction to go, give him direction such as streets you will pass on the way. When the
taxi starts to move make sure the driver has cleared the meter and a new flag down rate shows up. After you have
reached your destination read the meter. Pay the driver the amount, never allow them to charge you a set price always
have them use their meter. Also, carry small bills with you because the drivers will not always be able to give you
change.
Tricycles / Pedicabs: Tricycles are motorcycles with side cars that can carry about 3 passengers (sometimes more).
Pedicabs are bicycles with sidecars. These run in areas off the main roads and will drop off where you need to get off
like a taxi. They run in designated areas so they don’t go much further than a mile or less. Sometimes you can get a
trike anywhere along the street but often there are designated places to get onto a trike. Just ask. Motorcycles with side
cars are another way of transportation here in Manila. Tricycles are only allowed on the side streets and are only available at different stops along the main roads. Before getting in the tricycle you ask the driver if he can go to your destination. After he has said yes by a nod of the head, then climb in. Your payment for the tricycle will depend on how
many people are with you. If you alone will ride the tricycle then you will have to pay double price. But if you are two
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or three then you will pay accordingly. If you have any questions about the amount that should be paid ask the driver.
Prices of the tricycles vary depending on where you all are at in Manila.
Megataxis: These vehicles are like a small van. They run on a route much like a jeepney but they are air conditioned
like a taxi. They will squeeze in as many as 10 passengers (2 next to the driver, 4 in the middle and 4 in the back).
They have stations at the major shopping malls where you can get on. They will completely fill a megataxi before it
leaves. You can flag one down anywhere along its route.
The LRT : It's a fast, cheap way to go to downtown Manila. A token can take you between Monumento (the northern
end of Edsa) and Baclaran, traveling first along Rizal Avenue and then Taft Avenue. Many of the tourist maps have the
route of the LRT marked.
The MRT: After it's somewhat unsuccessful opening, the MRT is now enjoying a fair share of passengers plying
EDSA. This is definitely the fastest mode of transport, this side of the metropolis. The MRT runs from the North Avenue Station in Quezon City up to Taft Avenue Station in Pasay City. Passengers would enjoy the traffic-less route,
clean stations and coach, with a good view of Metro Manila's landscape. The only problem is that some stations have
very high stairways. Although a number of elevators is operational, not all stations have one. Travel time is approximately 20 minutes end to end.
4.13
Other Modes of Transport
Most of the major car rental agencies, including AVIS, Budget, and Hertz have offices in Metro Manila and carry a full
line of vehicles from jeeps to limousines. All vehicles may be rented with or without a driver. If you wish to do your
own driving you must have a valid foreign or international license.
Inter-island transportation is provided by either airplane or ferry boat. Philippine Airlines services most of the major
provincial airports. Cebu Pacific, Asian Spirit, SeaAir, Air Philippines, and Pacific Airways are smaller carriers servicing more remote tourist destinations. For information about boat schedules, check with the Department of Tourism on
T.M. Kalaw Street, Manila (63-2-5267652, 5267653, 5267655).
4.14
Things to know About The Philippines
Welcome to the Philippines, a lush archipelago of 7,107 volcanic islands. Over 80 million people call this island-chain
their home. Due to 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, over 80% of Filipinos consider themselves Roman Catholic. The
Philippines is the only Asian nation with a predominantly Christian population. Islam came to the islands as early as
1340 and remains the religion of minority groups in the south.
Topography
The Philippines is a flourishing archipelago of 7107 islands, 2500 of which are not even named. Luzon and Mindanao
are the largest islands. Earthquake activity is a regular occurrence and 37 volcanoes exist across the island chain. The
highest peak is Mt. Apo (2954m/9690ft) on the island of Mindanao.
The Philippines is surrounded by the Philippine Sea (east), the Celebes Sea (south) and the South China Sea (west). Its
nearest neighbors are Taiwan, Eastern Malaysia and Brunei, and Indonesia.
About half the country is cultivated with crops such as rice, corn, cassava, coconuts, sugarcane, bananas, coffee, mangoes and pineapples, to name a few. About a third remains forested, despite slash-and-burn agriculture. The government is now actively protecting the remaining six million hectares for sustainable management. Coastal waters teem
with some of the most diverse and abundant marine life and resources in the world. Efforts are underway to preserve
coastal mangrove swamps that are rich in ocean life. There are more than a 1000 species of birds and animals, notably
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wild dwarf buffalo, mouse deer, crocodiles and pythons. There are over 10,000 species of tree, shrub and fern, the most
common of which are palms and bamboos.
Climate
This tropical marine climate is hot and humid, marked by a northeast monsoon season from November to April and a
southwest monsoon season bringing typhoons from June to November. The average annual temperature is 25°C (77°F)
but in May temperatures in Manila may reach 40°C (104°F). Typhoons and other severe tropical storms are known to
ravage the islands yearly.
History of Christianity
Ferdinand Magellan was the first Roman Catholic to arrive in the Philippines in 1521. By 1565 the first Augustinian
missionary arrived. By 1611 Dominicans established the first Catholic university, the University of Saint Thomas. The
Philippines was used as a base for expansion into surrounding Asian areas for the next two centuries. The church's hierarchy was strongly European throughout the 377 years of Spanish rule. It was not until 1905, seven years after the
United States displaced Spain in the Philippines, that the first Filipino became a bishop. This followed on the heels of
the departure of 500 European priests at the end of Spanish rule.
The practice of Catholicism in the Philippines retains a folk religious flavor. It is also similar to Latin American Catholicism in its social and theological conservatism. In the mid-1960s the church emphasized social change which confronted the Marcos government. There has been a movement to develop an Asian orientation and identity among the
growing national leadership of the church.
There are 330 recognized indigenous church groups in the country. The first began in 1840 as a protest movement
against Spanish Catholicism. Today many indigenous churches have emerged from the Catholic Church and have customs and practices which are similar in nature to those in the Catholic Church.
Protestant mission work began after the departure of the Spanish in 1898. American Presbyterians began work in 1899.
They joined the Congregationalists in 1929 to form the United Evangelical Church. In 1948 this church became part of
the United Church of Christ in the Philippines. American Methodists also arrived in 1899. Their work was marked by
schisms in 1905, 1909, and 1933, partly over the issue of national leadership. All key posts are now held by nationals.
American Baptists began work in 1900 and have grown large and strong. The Disciples of Christ began work in 1901.
They joined with the United Church of Christ in 1948. In 1902 the Christian and Missionary Alliance began work,
which was autonomous and thriving by 1947. Seventh-day Adventists have developed extensive medical, educational,
and church work since their beginning in 1906. Pentecostals are active. The Assemblies of God began with nationals
who were converted in the United States and returned to the Philippines. The Anglican Church began work in 1902. It
has concentrated on unchurched and minority groups such as the Chinese. It maintains a seminary, secondary schools,
and medical facilities. In addition, there are many smaller missions in operation. Most began after WWII.
The State Church
During the time of Spanish rule, the Roman Catholic Church was the official state church. The Treaty of Paris, signed
by Spain and the United States in 1898, divested the Catholic Church of its special status. However, it remains the
largest church in the Philippines.
Unreached People
The Philippines is a rich tapestry of ethnic diversity. Intermarriage is common and accepted in the Philippines, and
there are few ethnic neighborhoods. The vast majority of the population is descended from Malay invaders who migrated from Indonesia before recorded history. Major ethnic groups are as follows: Cebuano, Ilocano, Tagalog, Magindanao, Maranao, Waray Waray, Bikol, and Hiligaynon, each with over 1,000,000 members. There are a total of 114
distinct people groups.
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4.15
Sites Of Manila
1.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS. The oldest university in the Philippines was built by Spanish Jesuits in 1611.
During World War II it was used by the Japanese to hospitalize wounded soldiers.
2.
DIVISORIA. The largest market in Manila, Divisoria is a business center for the wholesalers. Often items are less
expensive here as compared with other markets. Pickpockets frequent there as well.
3.
QUIAPO. In Quiapo is found the Church of the Black Nazarene. Many believe the Black Nazarene has healing powers.
4.
CHINA TOWN. In the Tenth Century, Chinese migrated here as merchants, traders and businessmen. The Chinese
living here seek to preserve their identity; thus, they have their own schools and communities within Manila. Most of
the big businesses are owned by the Chinese.
5.
MUSLIM MOSQUE. The mosque is located in Quiapo. Many Muslins have migrated from the southern part of the
Philippines because of the political/religious tensions in the Mindanao area.
6.
ERMITA. This area is also known as Manila's “red light” district.
7.
FORT SANTIAGO. (Also refer to “Intramuros Historical Sites”). It was here that Jose Rizal (national hero of the
Philippines) was imprisoned. Jose Rizal fought against the Spaniards (through the use of his pen) by writing several
books, two of which are famous: NOLI ME TANGERE and EL FILIBUSTERISMO. These books exposed the abuses of the Spanish government. Rizal was imprisoned and eventually executed on December 30, 1896.
8.
MANILA CATHEDRAL. This Cathedral has an underground catacomb.
9.
PIER AREA. South Harbor is used for overseas shipping lines. North Harbor is used for inter-island shipping lines.
10. MANILA HILTON. The oldest, most expensive five-star hotel in Manila. This is where General MacArthur stayed
during World War II.
11. FOLK ARTS THEATRE. This was built in 1974; a 77-day “miracle” because it was constructed within 77 days. This
was intended for the 1974 “Miss Universe” contest.
12. COCONUT HOUSE. Built in 1981 and intended for the lodging of Pope John Paul II. However, he never stayed
there. The government spent two million pesos on this building just for the physical preparations for the Pope's visit.
Now it serves as a museum.
13. PHILIPPINE PLAZA HOTEL. A five-star hotel located on Manila Bay. On the 11th floor of this hotel is the “Imperial Suite.” Dignitaries have stayed here, among whom are: Walter Mondale (ex-presidential candidate, USA) and Trudeau (Canada's former prime minister).
14. PHILIPPINE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION CENTER (PICC). This is where international conventions are
held. The Plenary Hall could accommodate around 15,000 with simultaneous interpretations into seven foreign languages. They have function rooms for 50/100/200/500.
15. MAKATI. The biggest commercial center in Metro Manila, it is noted for its embassy, banks and hotels. The area is
composed of eight villages. The most prominent are: Dasmarinas, Forbes, Urdaneta, Magallanes, Bel Air and San Lorenzo. The majority of this land is owned by two prestigious families -- Zobel and Ayala.
16. AYALA. This is the main street in Makati and is surrounded by tall buildings. This is where thousands threw yellow
confetti during the Marcos/Aquino demonstrations.
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17. AMERICAN CEMETERY. Located within the limits of the Army reservation, Fort Bonifacio, it covers 152 acres.
In this cemetery are buried the remains of 17,206 World War II soldiers. The architect: Gardner Daily, of San
Francisco. White-marble headstones were obtained from Italy, some 100 from the island of Romblon.
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5 Finances
5.1 General Information
5.1.1 Financial Responsibility of Ministry Leaders and Ministries
Ministry leaders are ultimately responsible for the financial needs of their ministries. This does not mean they
stand alone in raising these funds. However, as leader, they encourage their team to work together and trust the Lord to
use each team member as a channel for funds into the ministry. This goal is best accomplished by effective sharing of
information in personal prayer and newsletters. Funds needed for the general operating budget of the ministry, as well
as for projects (such as camps, clinics, special outreaches and equipment) should be presented as prayer targets in missionary- and ministry-sponsored letters. Home offices will use these prayer targets to assist, as they are able, each ministry reach its financial goals. Also, missionaries should be sensitive to the Lord's leading and be willing to use a
portion of their personal work funds which exceed immediate work fund needs in helping meet their own and other
ministry prayer targets.
ACTION Practices & Principles, items m and n, (ed. February 2002)
5.1.2 Administrative Percentages (Operating Expenses)
A portion of each gift to Action International Ministries (ACTION) is used to fund the administration of our ministry worldwide. Currently the International Council has set this at 15%. The home offices receive 11%. This covers
receipting expenses, office maintenance, and local staff salaries. Another 3% is sent for similar purposes to the field
office. One-half of one percent funds the annual special edition of Action Point newsletter. One-half of one percent is
saved in a contingency fund to loan to any missionary facing an emergency. This totals 15%.
Gifts given to projects are assessed 5% – 3% for the home office, 1% for the field office, and 1% to a ministry
contingency fund.
Directors and missionaries do not receive salaries from the mission. Each one is responsible to raise his own support and ministry expenses.
5.1.3 Finances and Accountability of Action International Ministries (ACTION)
General financial information for interested donors, churches, and friends.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ACTION is an evangelical faith mission and is supported by the prayers and gifts of churches and individuals.
Finances are controlled by the ACTION Board of Directors and Councils in each country.
All gifts for missionaries and ministry projects are receipted for tax purposes.
All gifts received for a project or support of a missionary are used as designated. A percentage is used for operating expenses.
All missionaries trust the Lord for their support and ministry funds. Budgets are set by the mission. ACTION is
not responsible for the support for individual missionaries.
ACTION Financial Reports and audit are available upon request.
ACTION follows financial guidelines of the Evangelical Foreign Missions Association (EFMA). These are:
a. The mission shall undergo an annual audit by an accounting firm or a certified public accountant performing
in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and using generally accepted accounting principles.
b. Audited financial statements shall be available upon request.
c. All programs and activities of the organization shall be consistent with its stated purposes and objectives, and
donated funds shall be applied for the purposes for which they are raised. The organization shall demonstrate
that an adequate percentage of its funds is being applied to programs and ministries.
d. The organization shall carry on its business with the highest standards of integrity and avoid conflict of interest.
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If you have any questions, please feel free to contact any ACTION office:
Approved by Board of Trustees • Finances and Accountability • RLC/jt 11 Aug 04 • Minutes 04-27 14 Sep 04
5.1.4 ACTION Support Guidelines 2005
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5.2 ACTION USA Office
USA FINANCIAL DEPT. When contacting the department, it is a good idea to include both Kim Fleege and Esther
Shafer. Kim usually works five mornings a week and Esther will work full days, but may take Thursdays off. Keiko
Whalen works full time and does all the payroll processing, journal entries, missionary financial statements, and financial reports to the board. Kelly Ventrella is the receipting clerk and Sara Graves usually comes in on Wednesdays and
processes the checks.
5.2.1 Guidelines Regarding Missionary Salaries, Work Funds & Outgoing Expense Funds (adapted for the Philippines)
5.2.1.1 Salary
The following expenses are to come from your salary allowance: (These cannot be paid by work funds or declared
as tax free benefits.)
1. Insurance
 Life Insurance
 Home and contents
 Auto – 20%
2. Rent and Association dues
3. Home repairs or building materials
4. Home utilities
5. Cable TV charges
6. Home hired help
7. Telephone - long distance personal calls
8. Food costs (also for boarding students - elementary through high school)
9. Medical expense other than covered by medical insurance plan
10. Dental and eye care unless it qualifies under medical insurance plan
11. Tithes and gifts outside of ACTION
12. Employee’s share of Social Security and Medicare Taxes
13. Income Tax - if any
14. Auto operational expense – 20%
 Auto accessories
 Auto drivers license
 Vehicle registration
15. Video, photography equipment, television, VCR, and computer (Considered personal unless approval is given
by field administration prior to purchase then 80% is covered by work funds if is also personal)
16. Children’s educational expense
17. Local transportation expenses not related to ministry
18. Clothing
Whenever a person requests an increase/decrease in salary, they are to present a budget (old and new) along with
the request to the Field Administration Committee.
5.2.1.2 ACTION Missionary Work Funds
The following expenses can come from a missionary’s work (ministry) fund account as approved by the missionary’s supervisor and/or field or home council:
1. Employer’s share of Social Security and Medicare Taxes (FICA)
2. Medical Insurance
3. Retirement (403b plan only)
4. Monthly transfers to fund to pay for travel to homeland at end of term
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5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Ministry travel at the current mileage rate set by the IRS
Donations related to ACTION ministries and missionaries
Gifts to prayer and financial supporters
Meals with prayer and financial supporters
Long distance ministry phone calls
Photocopies relating to ministry
Postage relating to ministry
Brochures, prayer cards, newsletters
Office supplies relating to ministry
Expenses relating to operation of an office for your ministry (NOTE: if the ministry office is located in the
missionaries’ home, then 25% of rent and utilities are covered by work funds):
a. Insurance for office and equipment
b. Repairs and maintenance of office
c. Rent & association dues of office
d. Utilities for office
e. Installation & rent of telephone for office
15. Hired help for ministry
16. National staff support
17. Auto operational expense – 80%
 Auto accessories
 Auto drivers license
 Vehicle registration
 Insurance
5.2.1.3 ACTION Missionary Outgoing Expense Funds (First Time Expenses)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Airfare to field of service (usually one way for career missionaries; round trip for term of one year or less).
Immunizations required before travel
Passport(s) and passport picture(s)
Visas required for field of service
Food and housing requirements enroute to field of service
Airline charges for overweight luggage enroute to field of service
Costs of shipping personal and ministry items to field of service
First-time set-up of household requirements in country of service
5.2.2 Financial Procedures For Personal & Work Funds
5.2.2.1 For Salaries 1.
2.
3.
4.
There are two possible methods for receiving personal salaries (also read 5.1.1):
Net salaries can be deposited electronically into your current Stateside checking account on or about the 10 th of the
month. Funds can be accessed on the field by using ATM cards.
You can open a personal checking account at Evangelical Christian Credit Union which is located in Anaheim,
CA. They are accustomed to handling funds for missionaries and only make loans to Christian organizations. Net
salaries would be deposited electronically into this account on or about the 10th of the month. Funds can be accessed on the field by using ATM cards. If you choose this method, it is best to open the account while you are
visiting the USA office.
Whichever method you chose, it is very helpful if there is another signer on the account (either someone in
ACTION’s USA Office or your relative or friend that we will be able to contact) in case there is a problem with
your account while you are out of the country.
If you do not have a US bank account, you can have your salary sent to the Philippines by telegraphic transfer once
a month. This method is not recommended but is an option if necessary.
(For Philippines only) you may also cash a personal US dollar check at Citibank in Greenhills. Talk to the Philippine business administrator to get a signature card set up with the bank. The limit is $2000 per month and you will
receive pesos at the banks current exchange rate.
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
5.2.2.2 For Missionary Work Funds
A. The IRS has set up some rather stringent rules regarding the disbursement and use of work (ministry funds).
Please refer to the separate list of expenses which can be reimbursed to you from your personal work fund. Work
funds will not be dispersed to you until you submit a reimbursement sheet which records all expenditures directly
relating to your ministry. Supporting receipts are required for individual expenses that are US$75 or more and
each receipt should be numbered to correspond to the line on the reimbursement form on which it is listed. Please
include an explanation in English as to the purpose of receipts that are not in English, and indicate the current exchange rate on the reimbursement form. Please sign the bottom line of the form.
B. If you need a quick reimbursement for ministry expenses, you can send an email request to the USA Financial
Manager via email esther@actionintl.org. If the funds are available in your work fund, a reimbursement check
will be sent to your USA based checking account. Then the signed original of the reimbursement form should be
sent through the mail to the USA Financial Manager along with receipts for individual expenses that are US$75 or
more. Please indicate on the original form that these expenses have already been requested via email.
5.2.3 Missionary Accounts
A. Account which receives support donations. All receipts are tax deductible and a 15% administration fee is deducted. Administration fees are distributed as follows:
11% to USA Operating Fund
3% to Field Office Operating Fund
.5% to ACTION Point Publication Fund
.5% to Missionary Contingency Fund
B. Account which receives donations for out-going expenses or special approved projects such as purchase of a computer. All receipts are tax deductible and 5% administration fee is deducted.
Administration fees are distributed as follows:
3% to USA Operating Fund
1% to Field Office Operating Fund
.5% to ACTION Point Publication Fund
.5% to Missionary Contingency Fund
C. Account which receives donations for special personal gifts for birthday, Christmas, etc. Receipts to this account
are NOT tax deductible. NO administration fees are deducted from personal gifts.
D. Salary expenses are charged to this account. It does not receive donations.
E. Work expenses are charged to this account.
F. Travel account which normally receives a monthly transfer from your work account so that funds are available for
you to travel between field and the USA. These transfers do not begin until you go to the field since your travel to
the field the first time is paid from your outgoing expense fund (B).
G. Vehicle Account. This must be approved by the field or home office administration. Donations to this account are
tax deductible and 5% administration fees are deducted to be distributed the same as for Account B above.
5.2.4 Policy for support of dependent children (MKs) After High School
A. Normally a missionary child is dependent until he or she has completed four years of education immediately after
high school, usually by the 24th birthday. A child is no longer consider dependent when he or she:
1. Has turned 24
2. Is married
3. Is in military service
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
4.
5.
Has become permanently employed
Has completed four years of post-high school education, or up to age 24 if in graduate studies, or regular
course takes longer.
B. Parents receive salary for the child from available support funds at the rate determined by the Mission. This is
channeled to the child in school as arranged by the missionary parent.
1. Medical Insurance coverage for a child is available, but applies only during the period of eligibility for
children’s support.
2. A child can continue on mission support for one year after high school if the child is working to save money for school. After one year of not being in school, mission support will stop, but can begin again if
school attendance resumes. Support will stop, however, when the child reaches 24 years of age.
3. The missionary parents, not the Mission, are responsible for their children’s secondary education.
5.2.5 Children’s Return Trip to the Field (after high school)
A. Dependent missionary children of college age may make two round trips to the field to visit his or her parents from
transportation funds before turning 24.
B. Tax-deductible receipts may be issued for contributions received toward a missionary child’s round trip transportation expense.
C. The missionary parents must make these prior arrangements:
a. Families with all other field financial requirments cared for may request the Field Council to authorize a
round-trip transportation deduction from their travel funds for dependent children in the homeland.
b. The Field Council (Field Director) must inform the Home Country Accounting Department of its approval.
5.3 ACTION Canada Office
Information not yet available.
5.4 ACTION United Kingdom Office
5.4.1 General Information
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In a UK tax year a missionary cannot remain in the UK for more than 90 days, after which period their income
becomes eligible for UK PAYE (pay as you earn tax) and National Insurance Contributions. If they remain longer
than 90 days in any given tax year April to Match. they are liable to pay full tax on their gross support income (but
not work funds that can be claimed as legitimate ministry expenses). We would produce an annual statement of net
taxable support received after deductions. This would be presented to IR in UK on submission of UK tax return.
All UK missionaries must have at least personal private pension or fully paid monthly National Insurance contribution payments to ensure they have either a state pension and or private pension policy set up. We can arrange
payments.
All UK missionaries must have private medical Insurance also.
All Missionaries must have vaccinations at their local GP or Medical Centre prior to fielding.
The calculation for work funds is agreed on prior to fielding. Normally this is a fifth to a quarter of all derived
support income. However flexibility allows an agreed work fund amount to be determined prior to leaving.
Support Level £1000 less 11 % UK admin plus 3% filed admin levies. net £850 less $400 agreed work fund
transmission Balance $1193 (ROE April 2005). The ROE for the fixed work funds $400 determines the balance of
support funds available.
Project funds- UK will apply 11% on all individual donations. However we usually make a gift towards the project
from our Where Needs greatest fund to compensate. We have a standing I.C. agreement on this. These levies bear
the cost of transmission charges and any administration work for the missionary.
We prefer to send transmissions to country office accounts via USA office than direct into missionaries accounts,
for audit and accountability purposes.
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8.
9.
10.
11.
12
13.
We will hold balance of receipts in UK missionaries field Country account. Also we send monthly gross statements of income in Sterling to missionaries by e-mail. A separate income and expenditure account is maintained
for each missionary so we can support and work funds variances.
We arrange to send bi-monthly missionary prayer letters for free from UK as our gift to the missionary from UK
office.
Support and work funds are transmitted to USA for onward relay to field offices in the first week of month i.e May
details are sent first week in June. The ACTION Business Office in Manila receives a full breakdown and analysis
of the amounts transmitted monthly for distribution in the Philippines.
We prefer all enquiries to come via the business office than from missionaries direct.
Birthday, Christmas and Easter gifts are not levied provided they do not exceed $50 Max.
Should the missionary leave service, in line with the P&P's a limited monthly support would be maintained during
the return resettlement period to the limit of funds remaining in the account.
5.5 ACTION Philippines Office
Cindy Gingerich is currently the financial manager. She is in the office only on Mondays from 7 - 1. She keeps up
with the daily (weekly) work, overseeing payroll, bills payment, posting checks and deposits.
To write to the Philippine business office, use this email address: actphilbus@actionintl.org
In 2008, the Philippine office will adapt the numbering system used in the US office.
5.5.1 Transferring Work Funds to the Field
It is the responsibility of the missionary to be sure that there are enough work funds transferred over to the Philippines for their work fund expenses. This request can be made by email with copies to both the Philippine business office actphilbus@actionintl.org and the finance office of your home country. The missionary needs to anticipate how
much will be needed and then request those funds a month ahead of time. The business offices will be happy to assist
you in figuring out how to do this. Funds can only be transferred to the field if they are available in the home office.
However, in the first year there will be many work fund and set up expenses for visas, orientation, language school and
other expenses (see worksheet on page 14). The missionary must request the funds to be transferred to the Philippines
so they are readily accessible. In subsequent years, it may be possible to establish a set amount to be transferred over
each month or make a specific request month by month. The point is, the business offices will not transfer funds over
without your request so the ownness is on the missionary to be sure work funds and set up funds are available as needed.
5.5.2 Special Projects
The process for special projects, or how it should be, to make things smoother.
1. When a missionary wants to set up a special project, they need to submit it to the field for approval by the APC
(forms are available in the Manila office).
2. After local approval, the request is sent to the home offices by mail or email.
3. Once the home office director approves, he will inform the home finance office.
4. The finance office will assign an account number and will inform the individual missionary and the field finance
office, as well as each home office for all finance personnel.
5. The missionary can inform supporters of project, after account number has been assigned.
6. Generally a missionary should be limited to submitting no more than 3 projects at one time.
5.5.3 Administration Fee on Local Donations
Donations made to the Philippine office in pesos are assessed a 15% administration fee. Donations for Special Projects
are assessed 5%. These donations are given a peso receipt. Donations given in Dollar checks must be forwarded to the
respective country for proper receipting.
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5.5.4 Salary Funds
5.5.4.1 Three options for getting salary to the field.
There are three options for getting your salary money on the field.
1. The first option is not used by many but is available for those who wish to handle their finances this way. You
can have your salary sent to the field by Telegraphic Transfer. The disadvantage to this is you can only access
those funds when someone is working in the business office. They may only be able to supply you with a
check which will be difficult to cash.
2. This is the most common way used by our missionaries. Have your salary deposited into your home country
bank account and then use your bank card, cash debit card or credit card to withdraw cash on the field at an
ATM machine. See more details below.
3. Open a US dollar savings account at a local bank. The minimum deposit is $500 at Banco de Oro or BPI
banks. You can deposit a Us dollar check into your account, then after 30 days you can draw out the dollars
and convert to pesos. This cannot be set up until you have your ACR and 9g visa (information below). The
disadvantage is that your money must wait for up to 30 days. You would need to plan to have one month of
salary just sitting there while you draw from a month’s salary that has cleared. The advantage is that this is the
only way you can withdraw dollars. You can bring your dollars to wherever you wish to get the best exchange
rate. I am not sure if it is possible to open a Canadian Dollar account or a UK Pound Sterling account anywhere.
5.5.4.2 Banking Information
The most recommended method of getting your salary on the field is by having it deposited into your bank in your
home country. Then use your bank’s ATM card to withdraw money at ATM machines in the Philippines. It is recommended, but not required, to use a bank that has internet access to your account. This will enable you to monitor your
account while on the field—if you are comfortable with doing that. We strongly advise against having your home country banks statements mailed to you in the Philippines. Mail of this type can be intercepted and the bank information
used by local scams that will attempt to drain your bank account. In fact, for this reason, you may wish to advise your
friends, family and supporters not to mail checks or cash to you through the post office. It is not secure.
For US citizens, if you do not already have a bank account, you may want to open an account at ECCU (Evangelical Christian Credit Union) in California. This is where many of our missionaries bank and they have special options
and services for missionaries. Visit their website http://www.eccu.org/
It is advisable to have more than one option available for getting money to you on the field since things change.
One time an ATM machine will work perfectly and another time it could absorb your card and you have to go to the
bank to get it back. Once you have your ACR and 9g visa, you may want to consider opening a Philippine Peso checking or savings account. Most banks issue you an ATM card so you can withdraw pesos conveniently. Although most
things are paid by cash or debit card, it may be useful to have checks for things like paying rent.
5.5.4.3 ATM Card with Plus / Cirrus
Most ATM cards have Plus or Cirrus options for use in ATM machines. There are many banks and Automatic
Teller Machines (ATM) throughout the Philippines. They each have different options and policies. For instance, one
bank ATM may only allow you to withdraw P4,000 at a time while at another, you can withdraw up to P40,000 or
more. At some, you can reinsert your card a couple times until you have withdrawn the maximum allowed in one day.
ATMs also charge different amounts of service fees for each transaction. Your home bank may also have a limit on
how much you can withdraw in one day. It may be a good idea for you to request a higher withdrawal limit from your
home country bank before you come to the Philippines.
If your home bank card has PLUS or Interlink or Visa, you can use it at these bank ATM machines: HSBC
(P30,000 limit), Citibank (P15,000 limit up to 3 times), Banco de Oro (P5,000), China Bank, Metro Bank (P4,000),
and PCI.
If your home bank card has Cirrus, you can use the ATM machines for BPI (Bank of the Philippine Islands) banks.
There may be others but am not aware of which ones. BPI banks are very common and located all over the country.
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The amount you can withdraw varies with the location. It can be as little as P5,000 up to P50,000. BPI can also take
Master Cards.
5.5.4.4 Setting up a Philippine bank account
It may be beneficial to open up a Philippine bank peso checking account and a US Dollar savings account. Some landlords prefer rent to be paid by check rather than in cash so a bank account would be necessary. Dollar checks can be
deposited into the dollar savings and then after the 30 typical period of holding, the funds can be converted and transferred to your peso account. This makes it possible to keep money in the bank and not have to carry large amounts of
cash around. This usually provides a good exchange rate and if you ever need dollars, it is easy to withdraw them.
Common banks that offer good services for these types of accounts are Bank of the Philippines and Banco de Oro. You
will need to have your ACR and passport to open the accounts. Both these banks also offer ATM cards so you can get
cash or make payments in large department stores.
5.5.4.5 How to cash personal checks at Citibank
The ACTION Philippine Bank Accounts are held at Citibank in Greenhills. Because of our arrangement with them,
missionaries are able to cash personal US Dollar checks up to a value of $2,000 per month with no waiting. The cash is
paid in pesos at the current exchange rate. To avail of this service, missionaries are required to sign a signature card
and provide a photocopy of their ACTION ID. Talk to the Business Administrator for more information.
5.5.4.6 Sample Monthly Budget
This is a sample monthly budget for salary and work/ministry funds using the ACTION Support Guidelines 2005.
There are a lot of variables but this will give you a rough idea of what to expect. Canada and UK calculate some of
these figures differently based on local insurance, taxes and fees so be sure to consult with the finance personnel for
more information. This budget is based on a missionary that will be living in Manila. If you will be located outside of
the city in a place like 2nd Mile, your food and housing expenses can be decreased by about 25%. Seek advise from
field leadership if you have questions. Bear in mind also that your salary expenses while on furlough may be greater
than on the field.
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Sample Monthly Budget for US Salaries
Salary ($US)
Each year add $40 tenure. Refer to guidelines for details.
Income
Taxes (7.65%)
Tithe (10%)
Savings (10%)
Life Insurance
*Rent
*Electricity
*Water
*Food
*Househelp
Transportation
Entertainment/Vacation
Clothing
Medical
Faith Academy Tuition/Fees
Miscellaneous
Salary Total
Work Funds ($US)
Portion kept in home country
Social Security
Furlough Travel
Medical Ins.
Retirement
Philippine field
Prayer Letter
Phone/Cellphone
Internet/Server
Home Office rent (25%)
Electric (25%)
Travel
Field Conference
Retreats/Conferences
Faith Academy Capital Fee
Vehicle registration/ins
Professional fees
Immigration
Language training
Supporter Gifts
Office supplies
Misc.
Ministry Funds
Work/Ministry Total
Salary Total
Total
Operating Expense Est. (15%)
Single
Couple
Couple/2
elem. kids
$1,890
$145
$189
$189
$75
$250
$30
$5
$250
$100
$30
$25
$25
$25
$2400
$184
$240
$240
$150
$350
$40
$8
$400
$120
$30
$40
$40
$50
$2980
$379
$1,890
$197
$1400
$228
$298
$298
$150
$400
$60
$10
$550
$150
$30
$50
$50
$50
$300
$32
$2980
$145
$60
$247
$200
$184
$120
$477
$300
$228
$180
$668
$300
$72
$20
$25
$50
$10
$30
$10
$20
$126
$30
$25
$50
$10
$55
$15
$40
$15
$40
$10
$50
$30
$25
$60
$250
$1,311
$1,575
$2,886
$433
$15
$40
$20
$50
$30
$25
$60
$500
$2,089
$1,980
$4,069
$610
$126
$30
$25
$50
$10
$55
$20
$40
$50
$15
$40
$30
$50
$30
$25
$60
$500
$2,442
$2,460
$4,902
$735
*25% less if
living in
rural area
Philippine
Pesos
Other
Currency
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
Total Support
$3,319
$4,679
$5,637
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
5.5.5 Work Funds
5.5.5.1 Sample Set-Up Budget Worksheet for 1st year
This worksheet gives you a rough idea of what types of expenses you may encounter in your first year on the field.
It is not precise and there are several variables. Amounts may change. However, this can give you an idea of how much
you will need to raise for your first year Set-up account.
Php Amount
Fund charged
Set-up
Comments
Immigration
P20,000 x ____ number in family
Set-up
After first year
paid out of
work funds
House Equipping P550,000 +
Set-up
House set-up
Advance Rent P40,000 +
Painting/repairs P10,000 +
Set-up
Language School for first year full-time
P120,000 x ____ students
Work Funds
Annual Conference P5,000 each person
Work Funds
On-field Orientation
P8,000 x ____ adult (single or couple)
P4,000 x ____ children (housing & meals)
P12,000 materials per single or couple
Faith Academy
9th – 12th $1,630 x ___ students
6th – 8th $1480 x ___ students
K-5th
$1290 x ____ students
Capital Fee $225 x ____ students
Registration Fee $100 x ___ students
Uniform & Supplies $30 x ___ stud
School van. Rate varies by location.
(Alternative is driving your kids.)
$300/year x _____ students
$800/year x _____ students
Opening local peso bank account
P20,000 minimum dep. And/or $500 US$
Home Currency
Set-up?
Set-up?
Set-up?
Work Funds
Salary
Set-up if paying
full year in
advance. Then
paid out of
salary after that.
Salary
Lower amt near
school. Higher
amt is if living
near ACTION
office.
Salary
Optional
Vehicle Fund
Recommended
after first year
of service
Total
Vehicle
Used P100,000 to New P900,000
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5.5.5.2 Orientation Expense Sheet
Description
Item
Check
Field Orientation for Career Missionaries
Orientation
City Tour
Transportation ($5/day/person)
Housing Charges during Orientation
Lodging for ___ days at P500
Meals for ____days at P500
Resource Materials
Orientation Manual
Restoring Children in Crisis
Culture Shock
Truth Encounter
Christ in You
Filipino Spirit World
SIL Health Book
SIL Plain & Fancy Cookbook
Faith Academy Welcome Wagon
Where There Is No Doctor
Book:
Book:
Maps and Directories
Metro Manila Street Guide
Road Map of the Philippines
City Map of Manila & Suburbs
Other:
Inter-Mission CDs
Cultural Dos & Dont’s w/ book
Filipino Spirit World
Health and Hygiene
What I Wish my Foreign Friends
Knew
Other
Total Orientation
Charge in
US$
Charge in
Peso (Est.)
Charge to
P1000
1000
1000
2500
2500
P500
100
200
100
50
50
200
200
100
200
100
100
75
50
50
50
875
PhP20,000
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6 Orientation & Set-up
6.1 Purpose Of Orientation
Why should new workers go through any orientation at all? Why not just allow them to “get on with it” and pick
up what they need as they go along? We believe that initial time spent in orientation at the beginning of your ministry
on the field can save you many weeks and months of work in the long run; not to mention how it might spare you
from unnecessary frustration and failure. Specific information and experiences provided during orientation are designed to facilitate the newcomer's transition and adjustment to life and ministry in the Philippines. Thus, orientation
prepares each new worker to become a more effective and fruitful laborer for our Lord Jesus Christ here on Philippine soil.
6.2 Objectives Of Orientation
WHAT WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED
6.2.1 Cognitive
Workers will be taught to Know (and experience):
A.
How to use public transportation.
B.
Basic street routes of Manila.
C.
Domestic necessities (shopping, paying utilities, health tips, etc.)
D.
A basic acquaintance with ACTION missionaries and personnel.
E.
A general knowledge of the history, culture, and survival tips of Filipino society.
F.
How to approach missions in the Philippines (evangelism, follow-up, discipleship, church planting,
leadership training).
6.2.2 Affective
Workers will feel more comfortable with their new surroundings and thus be able to adjust to life and ministry in
the Philippines more easily and quickly as orientation helps:
A.
Minimize the shock of getting settled and stress of new environments.
B.
Give them a basic understanding — and appreciation — of the culture.
C.
Develop a good attitude toward Filipinos and expatriate team members.
D.
Lessen the “threat” of laying aside their own Western cultural baggage.
E.
Give new appreciation and perspective on one's own culture.
F.
Introduce them to an approach to a new kind of lifestyle.
G.
Serve as a springboard for determining future personal ministry.
H.
Give a new commitment to — and excitement about — understanding the biblical basis and approach
to missions in the Filipino context.
6.2.3 Effective
Workers will thereby show the ability to be more effective in the cross-cultural relationships, ministry and living
by:
A.
B.
C.
Increasing sensitivity to and friendship with the Filipino and his culture.
Diminishing focus on and practice of self's survival needs, and becoming more others-oriented.
Clarifying the initial and long-range goals and steps to a fruitful use of one's spiritual gifts, abilities,
and service for God's kingdom to His glory.
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6.3 New Worker Orientation Checklist
6.3.1 Activity

















Reviewed orientation calendar so that daily activities are understood.
Explained the “New Worker Orientation Checklist”.
Explained the Personnel Charge Sheet.
Overview of ACTION Service Departments (Finance/Administrative, Personnel, Philippine Director).
Reviewed the following:
o
Various guidelines of ACTION (vacation, crises, dress, missionary work time, etc.)
o
Information for New Worker’ sheet.
o
Field orientation expense sheet.
Initial Information for New Missionaries Sheet.
o
Weekly, Monthly, Yearly Calendar
Meetings attended:
o
Introduction at the ACTION Monthly Team Meeting (first meeting after arrival if possible).
o
Attended a Monday or Wednesday prayer meeting.
o
Other:
Explained notification procedures when going “out of town” (providing their traveling information so they may
be contacted in case of emergency).
Provided information about available housing.
Provided orientation about the area: i.e. city orientation, commercial vendors, marketing, schooling available for
the family children, Christian fellowships – churches to attend, etc.
Explained the “Long Range Requirements to be Accomplished” information them.
Explained the purpose and arrangements that have been made for bonding.
Bonded with a local family (if applicable).
o
Date(s): ______________________
Kasama assigned:
o
American: ______________________
o
Filipino: ______________________
Interviews conducted (ACTION):
o
Field Director
o
Business Manager
o
Office Staff and Immigration Coordinator

Explained the mailing procedures
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Explained the monthly missionary ACTION info sheet.
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Explained how to fill out the Bio-data sheet.
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ACTION government representative (legal matters).
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Explained necessary registration, visa and legal requirements
Received copies of:
o
SIL Cookbook
o
Manila Street Directory
o
Philippine Tour Guide brochures
o
Where There is No Doctor (medical handbook)
o
Philippine Christian Service Directory (if available)
o
Others.
Assigned the cultural reading assignments:
o
The Philippine Church
o
Filipino Spirit World
o
Church in Thy House
o
Culture Shock! Philippines
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o
Truth Encounter
Assigned orientation video viewing:
o
Health & Hygiene
o
Cultural Do’s and Don’ts
o
Filipino Spirit World
o
What I Wish My Foreign Friends Knew (after six months on the field)
ACTION Tour Exposure:
o
Street Impact Team (camps, outreaches, Supplemental feeding centers, medical clinic)
o
Squatter area where ACTION has ministry
o
2nd Mile Ministries: Working Hands, Honest Hands, Mustard Seed
o
Camp Jabez / CGM’s Home of Joy
o
Birthing Clinic at Antipolo
o
Village Handcrafters medical clinic and paper making factory
o
Calvary Street Kids in Olongapo
o
Others.
Manila Tour (will take 2 days)
o
American/Philippine National Cemetery
o
Ayala Museum
o
Fort Santiago, Intramuros
o
Public Market
o
Museum by the bay
o
Manila Cathedral
o
Tondo / Divisoria Market
Cultural Experiences (throughout first year)
o
Barrio Fiesta
o
Flores de Mayo
o
Filipino wedding
o
Ati-atihan
o
Bamboo Organ Concert
o
Funeral wake
o
Infant baptism
o
Pampanga / Flagellant’s on Good Friday
o
New Year’s Fireworks
o
Visit cemetery on November 1
Others
o
Corregidor Island Tour
o
Quiapo & Church of the Black Nazarene
o
Filipino Tagalog history movies
o
Tagaytay and Lake Taal
6.4 Books to help you get established
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SIL Plain & Fancy Cookbook
Faith Academy Welcome Wagon
Truth Encounter by Tony Pezzota
Filipino Spirit World
Restoring Children of the Street
Charles Price book
Don’t waste your life
Set of orientation CDs
Book on dealing with stress & culture shock
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6.5 Immigration current laws & process
There is a lot more information than what we are able to print in this manual. And, as this manual is being prepared,
there are several Immigration laws and procedures that are in the process of being changed. So this information is not
guaranteed to be accurate but will reflect our best understanding at the time of this printing. The Philippine office
personnel will help you through the process and inform you of what you need to do and at what time. If you want to
learn the specifics of Immigration and fees, visit the Philippine Immigration website at:
http://www.immigration.gov.ph/index.php
6.5.1 Arrive on a 21 day tourist visa (EO21)
6.5.2 59 day Visa Extensions
If the traveler arrived with EO21 days tourist visa, Immigration will automatically extend 59 days from the date of
his/her arrival upon application. Lets say you arrive last March 1, good until March 21 (EO21 days), Immigration
will approve a 59 days extension counting the date from your arrival. So, your visa is extended until April 28 (it
doesn't really sound 59days extension right?).
Upon arrival having 21days visa, Immigration will extend 59days. They will start counting from the date of arrival
so it would not really be 59 but only 38 days extension only.
1,520.00 - Visa Waiver
500.00 - Express Fee
400.00 - Service Fee (Lewelyn)
2,420.00 - TOTAL (per person)
Two (2) Months Extension: (Individual Charges)
1,010.00 - 2 months application for extension
500.00 - Express Fee
310.00 - Application Fee
1,010.00 - Adult ACR Payment
510.00 - Minor A-CERD Payment
250.00 - Head Tax (children below 14 years are exempted)
710.00 - Adult ECC Payment
210.00 - Minor ECC Payment (below 14 years of age)
400.00 - Service Fee (Lewelyn)
3rd Extension: Two (2) Months Extension
1,010.00 - 2 months application for extension
310.00 - Application Fee
500.00 - Express Fee
400.00 - Service Fee (Lewelyn)
2,220.00 - TOTAL (per person)
Note: Same amount (3rd extension) will be used for the following extension until approval of visa.
For those who arrived with 59 day tourist visa, BID will extend it for 1 month (30 days) extension only. The charge
for this extension is 3690/person with the same computation as above.
. 1,010
. 1,010
. 250
. 710
. 310
for 2 months extension
ACR (NOTE: Children below 14 years old will be charge 510 for ACR).
Head Tax (NOTE: Children below 14 years old is exempted in paying the Head Tax)
ECC (NOTE: Children below 14 years old will be charge 210 for the ECC)
Application fee
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.
400 Lewelyn's service fee
NOTE: Traveler need to get an Exit Clearance before leaving the country if they stayed in the country for 6 months.
The exit clearance can be purchased at the airport and costs around $60.
6.5.3 9g Visa
9(g) Pre-arranged/Missionary visa:
Documents needed
1. Birth certificate of each member of the family
2. Marriage Certificate
3. Commissioning certificate or endorsement letter from their home church pastor
4. Diplomas, certificates or any Bible School Certificate
5. Fill-in the ACTION Questionnaire re: Visa Application for Pre-arrange Employee and Bio-Data
6. Brief ministry description (to be use to our Letter of Agreement between the Bucher and ACTION).
7. 12 copies of photographs size 2” x 2” for each person. Photo studio black and white or colored with white
background (please do not wear eye glasses or other obstacles).
Prices for application of 9(g) pre-arranged are as follows:
For single person:
Filing Fee- 5,020.00
Notary - 250.00
Implementation - 7,340.00
Lewelyn's Fee - 8,000.00
TOTAL : 20,610.00
4 Persons:
Filing Fee - 14,080.00
Notary - 400.00
Implementation - 24,730.00
Lewelyn's Fee - 8,000.00
TOTAL: 47,260.00
2 Persons:
Filing Fee - 8,040.00
Notary - 300.00
Implementation - 13,470.00
Lewelyn's Fee - 8,000.00
TOTAL: 29,810.00
5 Persons:
Filing Fee - 17,100.00
Notary - 450.00
Implementation - 30,110.00
Lewelyn's Fee - 8,000.00
TOTAL: 55,660.00
3 Persons:
Filing Fee - 11,060.00
Notary - 350.00
Implementation - 19,350.00
Lewelyn's Fee - 8,000.00
TOTAL: 38,760.00
6 Persons:
Filing Fee - 20,120.00
Notary - 500.00
Implementation - 35,490.00
Lewelyn's Fee - 8,000.00
TOTAL: 64,110.00
Need to wait for a minimum of three (3) months for the approval of 9(g) visa depending on the commissioner incharge. While waiting for the approval the applicant need to extend his/her tourist visa until the visa was granted.
Payment of tourist visa extension are as follows:
Upon arrival having 21days visa, Immigration will extend 59days. They will start counting from the date of arrival
so it would not really be 59 but only 38 days extension only.
1,520.00 - Visa Waiver
500.00 - Express Fee
400.00 - Service Fee (Lewelyn)
2,420.00 - TOTAL (per person)
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Two (2) Months Extension: (Individual Charges)
1,010.00 - 2 months application for extension
500.00 - Express Fee
310.00 - Application Fee
1,010.00 - Adult ACR Payment
510.00 - Minor A-CERD Payment
250.00 - Head Tax (children below 14 years are exempted)
710.00 - Adult ECC Payment
210.00 - Minor ECC Payment (below 14 years of age)
400.00 - Service Fee (Lewelyn)
3rd Extension: Two (2) Months Extension
1,010.00 - 2 months application for extension
310.00 - Application Fee
500.00 - Express Fee
400.00 - Service Fee (Lewelyn)
2,220.00 - TOTAL (per person)
Note: Same amount (3rd extension) will be used for the following extension until approval of visa.
In case they've already here for about 7 months and still visa is not yet granted (hope not), there will be an additional
1,410.00 for the CRPE payment for another 2 months extension plus the 2,220.00 fee (using the 3rd extension format).
6.5.4 I-Card
1. You first of all need to have your Alien Certificate of Registration (ACR) and your 9g Visa. After you have these,
then follow the next step.
2. You need to pick up your passport and ACR papers for each member of your family from the ACTION office.
Arrange ahead of time to pick these up from Nerie since the safe where they are stored is not open every day. She
needs to plan to get them out when Jeff, Cindy or Daryl are in the office.
NOTE: Be prepared to pay $US50 or the Peso equivalent based on that day’s exchange rate when you go.
3. You will need to bring your documents and a couple good pens with you and your entire family to the Intramurous
Immigration Office to apply for your ICard.
NOTE: Be very careful where you park your car because there is a scam going on down there where a guy will lead
you to a parking spot, you pay him to park, then your car is towed away for being in a no-parking zone. I don't know
where you are supposed to park but be aware of this.
4. The I-Card section opens at 9 or 10. Pick up your forms and fill them out for each member of your family. One
idea would be to go pick up the forms, go over to Starbucks and have a cup of something while you fill in the forms.
NOTE: You will need to put each family member’s information on the form (passport number, ACR number, height
and weight
5. Then bring all the documents back to the I-Card counter at BIR. They will Xerox your documents and take a digital photo, fingerprints and signature from you.
PLEASE NOTE: It is important to note that anytime you need to travel to the Immigration office, you must dress in
business casual manner. They will not allow you to enter the building if you are wearing shorts, tank tops or sandals
without a back strap. If you are not dressed properly, it will be a great inconvenience to you and anyone who is assisting you.
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ACR Identity Card or ACR I-Card – it is a microchip-based credit card-sized identification card issued to
registered alien replacing the paper-based ACR issued to him/her. It has an embedded computer chip with
biometric security features capable of data management and can be updated electronically. It is fraud and
tamper-proof/resistant with the following data:
1. Personal information such as name, age, date of birth, place of birth, address etc.
2. Photograph
3. Date and status of admission
4. Visa type granted
5. Biometric information ( 2 digitalized fingerprint templates)
6. Signature
7. ACR and ICR / CRTV / CRTT / CRTS and CRPE numbers
8. Travel details
9. Payment of immigration fee details
10. Emigration Clearance Certificate ( ECC ) / Special Return Certificate ( SCR ) / Re-entry Permit (RP)
6.5.5 TIN
Tax Identification Number. Even though we do not pay income taxes locally in the Philippines, we need to have a
TIN number in order to apply for our driver’s license. Once you have your ACR and 9g visa, our office will get your
TIN number for you. Be sure to follow it up if you have not received it. Nerie will do the application for your Tax
Identification Number. She only needs some information from you (i.e. birth date, foreign address, copy of
your birth certificate) and your signature.
6.5.6 Annually renewed Cedula / Community Tax Certificate
Community Tax Certificate: You need to get your cedula annually (starting January until February 28 only) from
your local barangay or municipality which cost P5.00 for missionary. Children are not required to pay this. We need
this document for official purposes and for renewing your driver's license. Always provide ACTION office a Xerox
copy of your Cedula.
This is a paper that we get from the Municipality each January or February. Your Cedula number will be needed for
major purchases like a new vehicle or rental agreements. You need to take care of this yourself but you can make
arrangements for someone to go with you. On the form, you do not need to fill in your salary amount. Since you do
not receive salary from the Philippines, that amount can be left blank.
6.5.7 Driver’s License
Once you have your 9g visa, Alien Certificate of Registration (ACR), Tax Identification Number (TIN), then you can
go in to get your Driver’s License. Bring with you your passport, TIN, Cedula and home country driver’s license.
1. Get a 59 day visa and keep renewing it until you have your 9g
2. Apply for the 9g visa. Along with this you will get your “Alien Certificate of Registration”, “Tax Identification Number” or TIN for short, and an i-card (this is something very new and is still being developed.)
3. In your local barangay, you will get your “Community Tax Certificate”, or Cedula.
4. Now you have the documents needed for you to apply for your driver's license. Be sure to bring your home
country driver’s license, passport, cedula and TIN number with you.
At some places you can get your license on the same day. It is best to go in early in the morning. If you go too close
to lunch time, you may need to sit and wait for an hour. They will perform what they call a Medical Exam. This entails providing a urine sample collected at the medical office, your blood pressure and weight. The total price will be
around (please ask Franklin Egalla for current price).
6.5.8 Annual Report
Each year ACTION submits a document to the BIR called the Annual Report. You will be asked in January to send
into the office a paper listing what your activities have been in the previous year. Nerie compiles these reports from
each missionary and submits them to the BIR. This report is also used by the Field Director for presenting to the In-
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ternational Council. Deadline for renewing the annual report is February 28 but the deadline to get your report into
Nerie is end of January.
6.5.9 Registration with Embassy
ACTION office tries to provide each consulate by sending them a letter from our Field Director with a list of missionaries giving their name, passport number, street and email address. Some embassies require personal registration,
others have different requirements. ACTION is prepared to assist our missionaries wherever possible for this registration. You can also check the websites listed in the pre-field orientation section for more information.
6.5.10
For Furlough, Vacation Trips Abroad
Your director/supervisor will notify you when your furlough has been approved. Whenever you are set for your
furlough or whatever travel abroad at least 2 months ahead. Missionaries need to inform the Field Director
(for his approval) and Ann (for ACTION Calendar) and Nerie to arrange your Exit Clearance and Special Return
Certificate (Re-Entry Permit). Coordinate with Nerie by giving her your travel agent so that she can work out your
travel documents and visa status. Fill in the form of Furlough/Vacation/Ministry Travel Information and prepare 4
pcs of 2” x 2” photos for your exit clearance.
6.5.11
Exit/Re-entry Clearance
SRC is issued to 9(g) visa holder who is about to depart temporarily from the Philippines. SRC allows the holder to
return to the Philippines with the same admission (9g visa) as when he/she departed. The initial validity of the SRC
shall be 6 (six) months, but on good cause shown, it may be issued with a multiple (one year) provided, that in no
case shall the validity of an SRC exceed the holder's authorized stay (following the date of your 9g visa). You can
check the validity of your SRC at the back page of your green card.
This document will be examine by the Immigration officer at the airport for stamping. SRC should return to the office before the expiration date (at least three months before it expires) for the application of extension IF YOU ARE
STAYING ABROAD BEYOND ITS VALIDITY.
NOTE: Filing of 9(g) Visa Extension should be one (1) month before the expiry date. If the 9g visa will expire
while the missionary is out of the country, it is important to file a visa extension at least one month before it expires
and at the same time file for a Grace Period of three (3) months and keep filing the Grace Period beyond the validity
of the 9g visa so that the missionary's SRC could also be extended and remain valid even if he/she is out of the country.
In case both SRC and 9g Visa will expire without prior extension, the missionary will have to enter the Philippines
on a 9(a) EO21 days Tourist Visa and will need to re-apply for a new 9(g) Pre-arranged Missionary Visa again.
THE WAY OF RETURNING YOUR SRC TO ACTION PHILS. OFFICE: By registered Air Mail or via UPS or
FedEx (expensive). Address it to the Business Office or the Field Director. As soon as the SRC extended the office
will mail it back to you before you travel back to the Philippines.
I. FOR EMERGENCY DEPARTURE:
Please bear in mind that sometimes a full working day is needed to obtain exit and re-entry papers. ALWAYS contact the Field Director, your supervisor and Nerie immediately when you learn of the need for an emergency departure. Nerie will try to work out and coordinate with your travel agent (for your ticket) and Lewelyn (Immigration
Coordinator) for your departure.
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6.6 Getting your home set-up
6.6.1 Choosing a house
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Running water most of day. If a missionary lived in the house before you, ask if they had any water problems. Some places have such low water pressure that they only get water a couple hours a day. Try to learn
as much about it as possible.
Avoid flood zones. There are several places in the Brookside subdivision that flood. Look for evidence
around the area such as water marks inside or outside the houses. Ask around.
Security, gate, subdivision guards. Notice if the house seems secure to you. Are the locks good? Does it
have a good gate? Are there subdivision guards?
Street lighting. You may want to drive around the neighborhood at dark to see what the light is like. Avoid
living on a dark street as they are susceptible to crime.
Not secluded or too crowded. Choose what you are most comfortable with in this regard.
Accessible to public transportation. It is good to be walking distance to a jeepney or tricycle route. Even if
you have a car, you may have visitors who need to have access by public transportation.
Travel your neighborhood at different times of day to see what things happen on the street (karaoke, bars,
vendors)
What’s available in the neighborhood. Look around to see what is within a convenient location of the home
you are considering. Can you do many of your common errands in the neighborhood?
Foods sold on street
o Sari sari stores are little mini-convenience spots usually built in front of a house where you can buy
small quantities of common things like oil, canned goods, shampoo, candy, soda pop, etc..
o Taho. This is a tofu type product that they dish up for you in a small plastic cup and put a light
syrup on top. It is very refreshing and being a soy product, can give you a boost.
o Pandosol. If there is a bakery in the area, Pandosol is a favorite breakfast bread roll. They are sold
primarily early in the morning and are still warm. They are very good.
o Banana queues. Cooking banana roasted on an open fire with a brown sugar coating that carmalizes on the bananas. If they are freshly made, they are usually safe to eat.
o Balute. These are cooked, fertilized duck eggs. They are mostly sold by vendors walking up and
down the streets at night. Very nutricious.
What not to buy on street
o Avoid buying fish balls, meat products, ice cream, juice that is not individually sealed and other
such items from a street vendor. There is no quality control and they commonly cause stomach
ailments or worse.
6.6.2 Advance Rent (average prices for different areas)
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It is very common for a landlord to require 2 to 6 months of advance rent and a damage deposit equaling a
month’s rent. If the rental is handled in a professional manner, you will need to provide your Cedula number
when you sign your lease. Always make sure they issue a receipt to you each time you pay.
The price of rent will vary greatly. If you live inside Metro Manila near the office, you could pay up to
P30,000 for an apartment. Rent in the Faith Academy area may be less than P20,000. In the rural areas, it
can be as low as P5,000. It is too difficult to give an accurate idea of what it will cost because so much depends on the location and condition of the home.
When you are negotiating with a landlord, you can try to bargain and get a reduced rate. That works sometimes but it is possible it is already as low as they can afford. Find out if they will cover things like repairs,
painting, replacing screens, etc.
Phone & Internet & Cable
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6.6.3 Painting, fixing, screens, etc.
Different landlords have different requirements. Some will paint and repair things in the house before you move in.
Others will only do some major repairs and say that anything added for your comfort would be at your expense. This
would include interior painting or adding screens. Find out what your landlord requires and what your obligations
will be before you sign your lease.
6.6.4 Buying your household set-up (what are the basics)
Basic items to set up your home
 Living room furniture set
 Dining room furniture set
 Queen bed
 Single beds or bunk beds for kids or guests
 Bookshelves
 Computer table and/or desk
 Lockable file cabinet
 Refrigerator / typically 14 cu ft for small family. Frost free is recommended
 Stove/oven / take note if it is thermostat controlled and double pane glass on the door
 2 LPG cooking gas tanks, typically Shellane or Gasul. The reason for 2 is so you always have a spare tank
on hand when one runs out. They cost around P2000 for the first tank and then P300 to exchange for a refill. The first time you buy a tank, be sure you get the right type of fittings for the tank to fit your stove.
 Washing Machine / the type with separate compartments for washing and spinning is not recommended
since they require full-time attention while washing. The spinner is hard on clothes and can cause tearing.
 Microwave
 Rice cooker (recommended but not essential)
 Toaster
 Electric water heating pot
 Buckets for washing floors
 Plastic dish pans for washing dishes
 Clothes pins (cheaper than a dryer)
 8 place settings of dishes
 Several plastic food storage containers in a variety of sizes like Tupperware or similar.
 Basic pots and pans. If you do not buy a electric rice cooker, you may want a special rice pan that comes in
a wide range of sizes.
 Set of knives and cooking utensils
 Plastic pitchers to keep cold water in your refrigerator
 Dish towels and clothes
 Dish draining rack
 2 sets of towels for each family member (laundry sometimes takes more than one day to dry on the clothes
line)
 Mattress pads and bedding
Other optional items
 Air conditioner(s)
 Water heater that is installed next to your shower head.
 Clothes dryer
 Deep Freezer—to take advantage of buying in bulk
 TV, may be hooked up to a cable service like Sky, Home or Destiny. If you subscribe to Destiny, you can
also get it hooked up with cable modem. This is also possible with Sky in some locations.
 DVD / VHS player.
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6.6.5 Pray for spiritual cleansing of the house
If you have read The Filipino Spirit World or watch the orientation CD on the Spirit World, you are aware that there
is most likely a need for spiritual cleansing of your home before you dwell in it. This is not something to be afraid of
because greater is He that is in you than he that is in the world. If you do not know who the previous resident was,
or if there are Catholic or other religious symbols around, we advise you to pray through each room for spiritual
cleansing. At any time you sense there is a spirit presence in your home, pray again that the evil one will be cast out
and that God would put a hedge of protection around your home. Evidence of a spirit presence can be observed if
your children have a great difficulty in obeying, children waking up screaming or crying for no reason, dissension
and many other manifestations. ACTION leadership will be happy to advise you and guide you in this and even
come and pray with you.
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6.7 Map of area with ACTION ministries highlighted
1. Olongapo, Calvary Chapel Street Children Ministry
2. Manila, ACTION office in Mandaluyong and Providence Baptist Church in
Tondo
3. Cainta, Faith Academy / Antipolo, Bahay Paanakan and Village Handcrafters
4. Silang area, 2nd Mile Compound, Buladad II
5. Camp Jabez
6. Caliraya Recreation Center
7. Real, Quezon, ACTION’s undeveloped property
8. Cebu City (not on map)
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6.8 Details for language students
Before coming to the field, you will already know if you will be required to learn the language and what level you
must achieve before beginning your ministry. The language most of our missionaries will learn is Tagalog. A few
that are located in Cebu will learn Cebuano. The requirement of language learning is based upon what your ministry
will be. There are a few positions that do not require learning the language but we would be happy to provide the
opportunity for you to study it and we would encourage you to pick up as much as you can.
For positions of ministry among the extreme impoverished or teaching ministries among underprivileged men and
women, a certain level of proficiency will be required. On a scale of fluency of 0 to 5, a level 2 would be considered
minimum for street level ministry or teaching at 2nd Mile. It usually takes a person 1 to 2 years to achieve a level 2.
Be patient with yourself. You will never regret the time you invest.
ACTION is developing a language learning program that is based on the 2 nd Mile compound. This facility offers
comfortable and affordable housing and a good language learning environment. It is located about 60 miles south of
Manila so it is away from the many distractions that the big city has. A language teacher comes to the campus for a
few days a week and gives one on one lessons.
There are other options for learning in Manila itself but we would generally discourage this. It is very easy to revert
to English when you are in and around Manila. However, if you have children going to school at Faith Academy or
must live in the city for some other reason, we can help you explore this option.
You will be tempted to become involved in ministry activities while you are learning the language. A certain amount
of this would be encouraged, as long as it does not become a distraction. Ministry activities will give you an opportunity to practice what you have been learning. However, we recommend caution to not allow yourself to become
assigned to some ministry role in a church or elsewhere to the point that you do not have time to study. Language
learning is ministry, but ministry can also interfere. Seek advise from your supervisor. They will be happy to guide
you.
Whether or not language learning will be required of you, you can begin learning before you arrive. Look for various
Tagalog programs offered on CDs or the Internet.
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7 ACTION Philippines
7.1 Initial Information For New Missionaries
(Review with Director)
“To be faithful in little things is a big thing.” (St. Augustine)
ACTION is a fellowship and although there are, of necessity, guidelines to follow, there are not a lot of rules. Let us
remember, however, Paul’s exhortation:
“You, my brothers, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature; rather,
serve one another in love. (Galatians 5:13)
DEVOTION: Have a “regular time” for the Word of God, prayer, worship, Scripture memorization and meditation.
STUDY: Continually read books on missions, Philippine culture, Christian living, the family and related topics. Set
aside time to read and study.
CULTURE: Continue to learn as much about the culture as possible. Try not to verbally compare the Philippines
with your own or any other country.
JOURNALING: Regularly record your personal history during experience in the Philippines. Organize your journal
to best fit your personality but write regularly using the following main points subjects:
Spiritual experience with God
Personal areas of growth and understanding
Cultural encounters
Signified and life experiences
DRESS: Dress neatly, and modestly. Learn what is appropriate to wear for different occasions. Read “Dress Guidelines.” Suggestion: When in doubt, ask your Filipino ‘kasama’ or friends how they are dressing for an occasion, then
follow suit.
COMMUNICATION: We try to send each of you a copy of all printed matter to enable you to remain current. It
helps if you read all material that is sent to you. Remember, communication works both ways! If you are not receiving needed information, please ask! If you don’t receive a reply to letters or request for assistance, etc., send a follow-up copy requesting attention to the matter.
TRIPS: It is important that you let the ACTION Office (Communications Coordinator) and your ministry leader
know before you leave (your location) for trips, conferences, vacations (form), or outings for more than one day. The
Office needs to know where you can be contacted in case of emergencies. We also need to know when you plan on
taking any trips abroad (Int’l. Office/Country Div. Please inform ACTION Administration as soon as you know your
travel plans.
PROPRIETY WITH THE OPPOSITE SEX: In order to avoid misunderstandings in this culture, it is suggested
that, as much as possible, we as missionaries not allow ourselves to be alone with a member of the opposite sex
(Amerikano or Filipino - spouses excluded) in a house or car. This will help to allay criticism as well as possible
temptation.
SHARE EXPENSES: As ACTION becomes larger, it might be easy to begin to feel, “Let the mission pay’ take it
out of the General Fund.” We need to remember that each of us is “the mission” and needs to personally assist with
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expenses. When you travel in a mission vehicle or with another missionary, please help with the expenses. This includes not only gas, but “wear-and-tear.” Please make sure to “carry your load” financially when staying with others.
ACTION YEARLY REPORT: At the end of each year, all ACTION missionaries have an opportunity to evaluate
various aspects of their work in ministry, leadership, the mission, and future direction. Feedback is extremely important, not only for personal evaluation, but also for making suggestions and changes in ACTION as our mission
organization.
ACTION PHILIPPINE COUNCIL (APC): If needs or problems arise, please let the ACTION leadership (Council) know generally through your Council representative, ministry leader or director. (See list of Council members
elsewhere in this manual.) As a team, we want to take care of the situation or at least share the burden.
PHILIPPINE BOARD: The Philippine Board is legally responsible for “ACTION Philippines.” It is comprised of
at least 60% Filipino Christian leaders and less than 40% ACTION Philippines leaders. They oversee the mission at
large and Board is responsible to approve the manual proposals and budgets submitted by the APC. (See the Document: ACTION Philippine Organization Structure and Function).
7.2 ACTION Philippine History start-CGM-today
In 1961, Will Bruce from Overseas Missionary Fellowship (formerly the China Inland Mission) and Marvin
Graves from New Tribes Mission, along with nine other missionaries and pastors in Manila, decided to form Christ
for Greater Manila (CGM). Their first ministry was called Youth Time and it consisted of large, well-planned rallies
held at the Philippine General Hospital in Manila. By the next year, CGM had expanded into camping — something
entirely new in the Philippines. Churches had never had family camps or children’s camps. This was a great success
and led to purchase of a large tent for evangelistic meetings. Later, open air meetings were held and then a film ministry was started.
When Will Bruce, due to ill health, had to leave the Philippines, a young couple named Doug & Margi Nichols
were just finishing Tagalog language school. They were also with OMF and were assigned in 1972 to direct CGM.
Under Doug’s leadership the outreach expanded to include jail ministry, literature work, bookstores, opening of the
Bible League, ministry to street children and prostitutes, church planting among the poor, Gospel ads, evangelism,
and discipleship and vocational training for street children, with a much larger involvement of Filipino workers. The
staff grew to 166.
Because several expatriate missionaries were involved, it was decided that a mission should be incorporated in
the United States to represent their interests. Thus, in 1974 in Chicago, Action International Ministries first started to
function. In 1975, ACTION was officially incorporated in the state of Washington.
From those beginnings, the mission now has 178 members from fourteen countries, 56 employees, and ministries in seventeen countries: Austria, Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Ecuador, India, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Spain, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, USA, and Zambia.
Not content with this expansion, we now have a Director of Asia Development, Nelson Reed, based in Manila,
who is developing plans to reach out to Southeast Asian countries. Doug Nichols is spearheading our effort to expand into Africa, and our work in Latin America continues to grow, with outreaches to Cuba and a projected ministry
in Nicaragua. Over 200 positions have been identified, catalogued, and publicized, including needs on existing fields
and potential worker slots on new fields we plan to open. Job descriptions have been written for most of these positions. ACTION is now incorporated in the USA, Canada, the Philippines (separately from CGM which is now also
incorporated in the Philippines as Christian Growth Ministries), the United Kingdom, and Colombia.
7.3 List of Dates in the history of ACTION
(Prepared March 12, 2007)
1961
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Beginning of Christ for Greater Manila (CGM) Philippines (now Christian Growth Ministries)
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Marvin Graves of New Tribes Mission on first CGM Board of Directors (Marvin arrived in the Philippines May 21, 1954; Sara in January 1956; married the same month)
1970
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September: Doug & Margaret Nichols (USA) arrive in the Philippines
1972
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Doug Nichols becomes Director of CGM
Beginning of the World Home Bible League-Philippines (now The Bible League) as part of CGM
ACTION as a mission envisioned by several independent missionaries serving with CGM
1974
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Action International Ministries (ACTION) forms with temporary office in Chicago then moves to
Bothell (Greater Seattle), Washington, USA.
1975
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June 11: ACTION USA incorporates in the State of Washington
1976
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Beginning of ACTION Canada
1978
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February: Greenhills Christian Fellowship (Manila) begins with 40+ people including Doug &
Margaret Nichols (2007 – 8000 people)
August: Forest Holden (USA) arrives in the Philippines
September: Steve Read arrives in the Philippines.
Linda Moldez appointed Director of The Bible League (under CGM) Philippines
1979
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First Summer of Service (SOS) team to Manila (26 college-age young people; 19 from Prairie Bible
Institute) of which Lorna Scholz (Canada) and Carol Holden (Canada) were a part
CGM Second Mile Philippines development begins by Forest Holden
1980
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ACTION Canada incorporates
1981
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July 1: Marvin & Sara Graves (USA) join ACTION in USA
July: Paul & Pat Ellis (USA) arrive in the Philippines
October: Lorna Sommerville (Scholz) to the field (1981-1983)
Nelson & Linda Reed (USA) lead SOS to the Philippines (Ron Homenuke (Canada) part of that
team)
1982
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June: Wil & Jacquie Chevalier (USA) arrive in Manila
August: Dale & Marian Neff (USA) arrive in the Philippines
October: Nelson & Linda Reed (USA) arrive in the Philippines
Marvin Graves appointed USA Director
1983
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Wayne Whitbourne to Manila with an SOS team.
1984
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March: Ed & Janet Landry (USA) arrive in the Philippines
August: Martin and Lorna Scholz to the field (1984-2004)
David Johnson begins USA computer system
1985
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January: Forest (USA) & Carol (Canada) Holden arrive in the Philippines as newlyweds
January: Ron Homenuke (Canada) arrives in the Philippines
September: CGM Lighthouse Ministry (to prostitutes) starts
December: Jeff & Mary Ann Anderson (USA) arrive in the Philippines
1986
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January: Daryl & Sharon Germaine (USA) arrive in the Philippines
February: EDSA People's Revolution in Philippines, President Marcos deposed
February: Wayne & Oi-Wah Whitbourne (Canada) arrive in Manila
June: Mavis Orton worked with CGM medical team and community development with Brian
Gearin.
September: Doug Nichols, Ted Thompson, and Marvin Graves conduct "street children" factfinding mission to Mexico City; Bogotá, Colombia; Lima, Perú; São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (This ministry trip paid for by People's Church in Toronto, Ontario, Canada)
John (USA) & Yvonne (Switzerland) Macy arrive in Brazil (with Swiss Missionary Fellowship, join
ACTION 1991)
1987
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June: Warren Carter (Discipling the Nations) arrives in Austria
ACTION and CGM helps start the Church Planting Institute in Manila under The Bible League
1988
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CGM Project Jabez land purchased in Philippines; Holdens move on site for development
Nelson Reed (USA) becomes Philippine Field Director
Wentworth (age 60) and Doloris (almost 59) Pike join ACTION in Canada
David & Shirley Linden joined ACTION at the kind invitation of Ted Thompson to continue international students work under ACTION. Later (1995) this was also to develop into some theological and Biblical teaching under ACTION in the Philippines.
1989
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Al & Janice Tizon (USA) arrive in the Philippines
1990
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July: Baguio earthquake (Philippines)
ACTION Philippines incorporates
Rita Read arrives as an intern.
Ron Homenuke returns to the Philippines and joins Jeff Anderson and Aries Reginio in ACTION's
street-kid ministry
Urban Street Ministries Fellowship starts late in the year and incorporates in February 1991.
Urban Street Ministries (Philippines) starts after conducting a major research project. Those involved in the research were Ron Homenuke, Aries Reginio and Jeff Anderson along with several
volunteers. In 1998 the ministry was named Street Impact Team.
Pat & John Stickle (Canada) arrive in Mexico
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1991
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March: Mike Watters (USA) arrives in the Philippines
March: Terry & Michelle Williams (USA) arrive in the Philippines
June: Mount Pinatubo eruption (Philippines)
September: Dale & Marian Neff (USA) go to Mongolia in partnership with English Language Institute
November: David and Donna Jenkins join ACTION to serve as boarding home parents at Faith
Academy (1992 – 1994).
The Bible League becomes a Philippine registered organization
ACTION partners with Christian International Refugee Mission (CIRM) in UK
Philippine Relief and Development Ministry forms
1992
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April: Rex & Donna Carlaw (USA) in Chile become ACTION Associates through Canada office
ACTION Colombia incorporates
1993
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August: Roger Sieber (USA) arrives in Colombia to teach at El Camino Academy
November: Mark (Canada) and Cida (Brazil) Stuckey join ACTION Brazil
Street Impact Team (Philippines) starts
ABBA ministries incorporates under auspices of ACTION (Brazil) (started in 1992)
Livelihood, Income-Generating, Help and Training (LIGHT) begins in Zambales, Philippines – Al
Tizon
Mazinho and Ana Quaresma (Brazil) join ACTION Brazil as ACTION Associates
Al & Connie McEhleran go to Ecuador
1994
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January: Joshua & Reena Pradhan start Living Word Centre (formerly named EVDC -Eastern Vocational Discipleship College) in Siliguri, India
February: Ron Homenuke is transferred to Calvary Chapel, Olongapo. Contacting typhoid, hepatitis and dengue fever in the two preceding years, he can no longer work in the polluted air of Manila. A work with street children begins and continues today under the name of Kids in Need. A
working agreement between ACTION and Calvary Chapel is established.
June 16: Wes Milne (Canada) (retired OMF missionary) arrives in Taiwan as ACTION Associate
to reach out to boys coming out of reformatories and street boys
August: Street children manual, Restoring Children of the Streets by Jeff Anderson, first published in Philippines
August: Doug Nichols leads team to Rwanda (Zaire) for refugee relief
August: Paul & Patty Ellis officially launch the Life-Discipleship ministries training needy pastors,
church leaders, and Bible school students in discipleship & Biblical counseling.
September: First training program conducted at EVDC
October: David and Donna Jenkins return to Manila to serve as Administrative Director (1995 –
1999)
October 4: Raquel de Jesus (Philippines) arrives in Bogotá, Colombia from Philippines
November: Dr. George & Ann Harper (USA) arrive in the Philippines
1995
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January: Wes Milne opens a halfway house/foster home for needy boys in Taiwan
August: ACTION UK incorporates. Charity registration received in October. Ingo (Director)
Abraham and Treasurer David Hickman become board members; Doris Abraham works in the UK
ACTION office doing administrative work.
October: Wayne & Oi-Wah Whitbourne arrive in India
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Thomas & Susanna Smoak (USA) arrive in Brazil
Life Discipleship ministry (Paul & Pat Ellis) forms in the Philippines
1996
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June: Roger Sieber marries Elsa Maria Caro in Colombia
June: Sheila Pickering (Canada) arrives in Colombia
August: Harold and Cheryl Waldner (Canada) arrive in Colombia
Dale & Marian Neff (USA) go to Kiev, Ukraine, to work with Gypsies
Thomas & Susanna Smoak join ACTION to work with ABBA in Brazil
1997
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January: Ruth Barry (New Zealand) arrives in Brazil from New Zealand
July: Steve Read (USA) becomes Philippine Field Director
Steve & Janice Koepnick (Canada) arrive in Mexico
Village Handcrafters begins in the Philippines
1998
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January: Phil Legal (USA) arrives in Colombia
January 15: ACTION USA building purchased and renovation begins
March: Rex Lee Carlaw appointed USA Director
March: Street Children Consultation International meetings in Mount Vernon, Washington
April: Living Word Centre officially registered in Siliguri, India
April 15: ACTION USA moves into Mountlake Terrace, Washington, office building
August: Street Impact Team sends Jeff Anderson, Luv Zacal, and Aries Reginio to the Children in
Crisis Bangkok Consultation Meetings
December: Purchase of Second Mile Discipleship and Vocational Training Compound from CGM
Philippines
1999
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January: Carmen Salacsacan (Philippines) arrives in Mexico
January: Mike & Cindy Gingerich (USA) arrive in the Philippines
March: ACTION UK hosts International Council for first time in Bewdley
April: Living Word Centre property bought
Jeff Anderson becomes Officer-In-Charge for ACTION Philippines
Purchase of ABBA Rescue House in São Paulo, Brazil
2000
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January: ACTION’s Asha Ministries began. In 2001 it became Viva Network’s The Asha Forum.
March: ACTION Philippines hosts the International Council Meetings
March: David and Donna Jenkins return to Manila. Davie served in many capacities including Interim Field Director (2000 – 2001)
April: Glenn & Hallie Johnson (USA) retire from Philippine ministry
April: Keith & Marilyn Kaynor (USA) join ACTION to serve in Member Care and editor (Keith) of
ActionPoint
April: Phil & Julie DeHart apart of the candidate class, to be dorm parents in the Philippines from
2000-2005
May 25: Village Handcrafters officially forms in Philippines
June: Ben and Susan John join ACTION
Building of Honest Hands Home at Second Mile, Philippines
Agency agreement with JUVEP mission (Brazil)
First outreach to Cuba (directed by Brian Stewart - USA)
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
Purchase of ABBA Ebenezer House in São Paulo, Brazil
2001
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January: John & Manorama Richard (India/USA) join ACTION to serve as International Ministers-at-Large
March: International Council Meetings in Three Hills, Alberta, Canada
March: Ben & Susan John (Canada) arrive in India
May: David Hickman becomes UK Board Chairman
May: Clean Drinking Water Program (through Well Drilling and Hand Pumps) started in North
India
June: Pradeep & Jemina Pradhan start home for abandoned children
August: Ed Landry begins treatment for leukemia in Seattle
August: High School Home for Dropouts started in Varanasi
December 31: ACTION USA headquarters debt retired
Jeff Anderson appointed Field Director Philippines
Susi Harbich and Petra Zeisset arrive in Mexico from Germany
Ben & Susan John (Canada) arrive in India
Gamaliel Canul (Mexico) joins as an ACTION Associate in Mexico
2002
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January: ACTION UK headquarters in Wallasey (UK) donated by Bethany Church
March: International Council Meetings in Mount Vernon, Washington, USA
March: Book published in Philippines on life of Ron Homenuke
May 2: Jerry & Candis Bingham (USA) arrive in Uganda as first missionaries to Africa
May 22: Glenn & Liese Ripley (USA) and Gina Brandini (USA) arrive in Zambia
June: Scott Gillespie joins ACTION
July: Fred & Grace Sherwood join ACTION Canada
September: Marvin Prudencio begins ministry with ACTION in Philippines
September: George (Brazil) and Cally (UK) Magalhães to Brazil
September: Beverly Snelling to Zambia
October: ACTION India has first meeting
November: Mary Woodward joins ACTION USA
December: Kristin Carlson (USA) arrives in Zambia
Wayne Whitbourne becomes ACTION Canada Director (and Director for India)
Asia Pacific Family Ministry (Mike Watters) officially forms in Philippines
2003
 January 28: Debbie Childs arrives in India
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March: International Council Meeting in Wales, UK
March: Robert (UK) and Silvana (Brazil) Meikle join ACTION Brazil
May: Julie Woodcock (USA) arrives in the Philippines
June: Crystal Tirrell (Canada) arrives in the Philippines
September: Julie Kacena (USA) arrives in Brazil
September: Stephen Dunning joins ACTION UK
September: Mary Woodward (USA) arrives in Spain
November: Ruth Barry and Samuel Oliveira married
November: Kanyama Project in Lusaka Zambia Started
December: Shelley Conradson begins ministry with ACTION in Philippines
Daren & Jodi Beck (USA), BJ & Andrea Lopez (USA), and Nathan Wells (USA) begin ministry in
Cambodia
Mary Woodward and Andrew & Jamie Leonhard go to Spain
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2004
 January:
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India Team Conference
February: India Team Conference
February: Jim and Kappy Robinette arrive in Lusaka, Zambia for Orientation
March 8-9: International Council Strategic Planning in Manila (Antipolo), Philippines
March 10-13: International Council meetings in Manila (Antipolo), Philippines – Field Leaders
confirmed: Jerry Bingham (Uganda), Glenn Ripley (Zambia), Daren Beck (Cambodia), Devendra
Rai (India)
March 17-20: Philippine Field Conference (Bob Wenz speaker)
June: Martin & Lorna Scholz from service in the Philippines join ACTION Canada team to serve
in recruitment
August 4: Kimberly Waldner (Canada) arrives in Colombia
August 27: Gary and Melita Root (USA) arrive in the Philippines
August: ASHA Children’s Home started in Varanasi
August: Jim and Kappy Robinette move to their field in Kampala, Uganda
December: Leon and Judy Greene join ACTION
Tsunami kills nearly 200,000 in Asia
2005
 January: ACTION Crisis Team led by Devendra Rai and Nelson Reed help Tsunami victims in India, Sri Lanka
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March 7-11: International Council meeting held near Calgary, Alberta, Canada
March: Leon and Judy Greene arrive in Honduras
May: Keith and Linda Stranberg join ACTION Zambia
May: Blake Walburg (short-term) joins ACTION Zambia
August: Mari Walters (short-term) joins ACTION Zambia
October 10 –15: India Field Conference
October 17-19: First ACTION Africa Leaders Meeting, Gulu, Uganda (Wayne Whitbourne, Chet
Burns, Jerry & Candis Bingham, Glenn & Liese Ripley, and Doug Nichols)
7.4 Administrative Structure
The heart of ACTION’s governance is the autonomous member country. To date, there are five separate Action
International Ministries corporations: USA (incorporated in 1975), Canada (1980), Philippines (1990), Colombia
(incorporated in 1992 and admitted to the International Council in 2001), and the United Kingdom (1996). Each
country has a Board of Trustees or equivalent, which selects a Director (CEO) who, in the case of sending countries,
recruits missionaries and hires staff for the sending base. The receiving countries likewise have a Board of Trustees
and a Director with employees to assist in the field ministry.
ACTION’s International Council, which meets annually, is formed by the CEOs of each of its five member
countries plus their board chairmen and other members as deemed appropriate. This body elects an International
Director and an Associate International Director. The member missions do not cede their autonomy, but rather agree
to cooperate, harmonize procedures, enact common policies, and plan together. The International Director is the
chief spokesman, mentor, and encourager for the whole mission.
When new fields are opened, they are placed under the direction of one of the country directors. At some point,
the mission in the new country may incorporate and become a full member, but in some cases, the ministry continues
under the supervision of one of the directors as a permanent arrangement. Countries with several missionaries but
without a board and director have a Team Leader appointed by the director responsible.
Our largest group of unincorporated fields is in Latin America. Doug Nichols serves as Latin America Director,
and delegates most of the day-to-day functions to this writer, as Associate Latin America Director. There are team
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leaders appointed in Mexico, Ecuador, and Brazil. Mexico and Ecuador are too small to incorporate and so currently
work under the auspices of a local church or ministry. In the case of Brazil, even though it is our second largest field,
the workers are scattered so widely that incorporating in a single location is not practical. While we are considering
the possibility of a field conference in Brazil, one has never been held there, so to actually incorporate and operate as
an autonomous field would add a layer of bureaucracy, expense and time commitment that is not justified.
ACTION takes great care not to become a top-down or authoritarian-type mission society. The initiative, energy, goals, and direction which our missionaries possess under the guidance of the Holy Spirit are what drive
ACTION. Our people are self-starters with strong calls from the Lord and there are many in our midst with an unparalleled work ethic. The directors and team leaders serve as coordinators and administrators, and of course, as in any
human organization, there are times when problems need to be addressed. But for the most part, ACTION missionaries carry out their God-given responsibilities with considerable freedom, knowing they can draw on someone in the
mission structure if assistance of any kind is needed. Having this type of structure serves to attract high-energy people and results in the amazing diversity of fields and ministries which our medium-sized mission offers.
7.5 Missionary Phone List
An up-to-date list of missionaries with their phone numbers and email addresses will be given to you upon your arrival on the field. If you have not received these, please request it from the office. They are updated monthly.
7.6 Calendar of Events
Each month the ACTION office produces a calendar of events. It will be put in your mailbox at the office. If you
have events that should be added to this calendar, please send those items to Ann Magalong.
One event that you can anticipate monthly is our Team Meeting. It is held every 3rd Friday of the month. Ann informs the team as to the venue and any necessary details. This meeting is required for anyone within a couple hours
driving distance of Manila. If it is necessary to miss a meeting, you need to inform your supervisor. A couple of days
prior to each team meeting, please send an email to Ann Magalong with 3 or 4 brief prayer requests. At the end of
each team meeting we strive to have a time of prayer together.
7.7 ACTION Philippine Council
The ACTION Philippine Council (APC) is made up of 4 or 5 ACTION Philippine missionaries who have served on
our field for at least 2 years. Each APC member is nominated and voted in by the team. The exception is that the
Field Director is automatically on the APC for the duration of his term as director. One APC member (not the Field
Director), is appointed to be chairman. The APC discusses and handles many of the issues, concerns, problems, policies, etc. that the Philippine field faces. The Field Director is given the ultimate authority to make decisions for the
field, but it is done in consultation with the APC. The APC members do not have governing power but are available
for bringing any concerns you have to them.
7.8 ACTION Philippine Board of Directors
In order to be officially registered in the Philippines, the Philippine law requires us to have a Board of Directors. The
law requires that 60% of the Board be native Filipino. Our Board is made up of 5 members. Three are Filipino Christian leaders and 1 is the Field Director and 1 is another ACTION missionary. At this time our Board Members are:
Pastor Bill Layda, Mr. David Wang, Pastor Sam Rendall, Jeff Anderson and Daryl Germaine.
7.9 PCEC
The Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches is a Filipino organization that serves as a representative of many
evangelical mission agencies to the Government. ACTION Philippines is a member of PCEC. The President of this
ministry is Bishop Ef Tendero who has been a friend of our mission for many years.
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7.10
Organization flow chart
ACTION PHILIPPINE BOARD
PHILIPPINE DIRECTOR
ACTION PHILIPPINE COUNCIL
DEPARTMENT LEADER
DEPARTMENT LEADER
DEPARTMENT LEADER
Department Missionaries & Staff
Department Missionaries & Staff
Department Missionaries & Staff
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8 Philippine Policies & Practices
8.1 Annual Conference
Each year the ACTION missionaries hold a field conference, typically for 4 days, 3 nights in March during the Faith
Academy spring break. A venue is chosen that is affordable and refreshing. For several years our conferences have
been held at Caliraya Recreation Center which is a resort that upholds Christian principles. Missionary work fund accounts are charged for their whole families’ expenses and the ACTION General Budget pays for some of the additional
charges such as conference room rental and honorariums. A speaker is chosen from within ACTION or someone who
is known and recommended by ACTION missionaries or leadership. Typically the meetings are held in the evenings
and mornings and afternoons are open for family recreation and fellowship. One night of the conference is a Family
Fun Night and the activity varies each year.
This annual conference is a required activity for all missionaries. If anyone is not able to attend for whatever reason,
they must get approval to miss all or part of the conference from the Field Director. It is recommended that missionaries budget their work funds throughout the year so they have sufficient funds to cover this annual expense.
Usually during the time of the missionary conference, the ACTION staff members also hold a conference of their own.
The reasons for holding separate conferences is to provide a time where the specific needs of each group can be met.
Each year the APC seeks a volunteer to coordinate the next years conference. The Field Director is the over-all coordinator but the conference coordinator handles most of the logistics. A committee is put together:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Field Director: Approves and invites the conference speaker. Works with the Assistant Coordinator in developing the theme, schedule and program for the conference.
Conference Coordinator: Recruits and organizes the conference committee. Makes the reservation for the next
year’s conference in coordination with the Field Director. Meets with committee throughout the year to work
out conference details. Makes sure the committee is doing their jobs. During conference handles on-site situations and is the go-to person.
Children’s Coordinator: Recruits individuals to teach the children, develops curriculum, gets supplies and informs parents of any instructions.
Music Coordinator: Plans the worship music and special numbers that will be used throughout conference,
works with the Director and Conference Coordinator in schedule and theme, recruits individuals to be a part
of the music ministry, ensures equipment is provided.
Transportation Coordinator: Close to conference time they survey the missionaries and guests to determine
who needs transportation and who has space available to bring extra passengers. They coordinate the transportation or if necessary, hires a coaster bus if not enough vehicles are available.
Housing Coordinator: Works with the conference facility in reserving the rooms needed. Closer to conference
time makes room assignments. Works with the facility manager regarding any special food requirements, cribs
or special needs of the missionaries.
Finance Coordinator: Arranges to make the down payment for the conference. Analyses and pays the final
bill. Makes sure the missionary accounts are properly charged.
8.2 Team Meetings
ACTION Philippine Team Meetings are held once a month throughout the year. They are held the third Friday of every
month but that is always subject to change. At least twice a year the meeting time is extended to include special activities such as in July and Christmas. Attending team meetings is a requirement unless a missionary lives too far away to
attend regularly or they have received permission to be absent. The meeting usually consists of worship, devotions,
announcements, testimonies and prayer time. Meetings are usually held at Jesus First Church (across the street and
down a few yards from the entrance of the Mental Health Hospital in Mandaluyong) which starts 9:30AM for fellow-
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ship and 10AM for team proper. Missionaries & staff need to submit at least 3 prayer items to Ann Magalong prior to
the team meeting. Prayer items should be sent through email at <action.philippines@actionintl.org>.
8.3 Office procedures
MAILBOX. A mailbox will be assigned to them where their surname is alphabetically listed. Mail, packets, packages
are put to this mailbox. If they have big packages, they receive a note to their box advising them they have this package
and where it is located (usually in the steel cabinet).
UPS & Outgoing mails. Usually on the 3rd week of the month (Wednesday or Friday) the office sends an express envelope to the ACTION US office. You may add secure letters to this packet but there is no guarantee that the envelope
will go out as scheduled. Inform the office staff if your mail is urgent so they can advise you on how soon the office
envelope will be sent. Three times a week, Kuya Frank goes to post office for mailing. There are bins for outgoing
mail next to the time clock in the office.
PHONE & EMAIL LIST. Residential phone number, cellphone numbers and email address of missionaries & staff are
submitted to Ann Magalong for listing in the monthly phone & email listing which is distributed monthly. Ann must be
informed of any changes in it.
CALENDAR EVENTS. Seminars, teaching schedules or any related missionary activities are submitted to Ann for
input to the monthly calendar which is also distributed monthly.
ACTION VEHICLE USEAGE: The ACTION office and some ACTION ministries have ministry vehicles. Each department has policies on the usage of their vehicles. Some vehicles may be borrowed by approved drivers with current
Philippine driver’s license. Contact the department supervisor for more information. You will be charged mileage for
your use of the vehicle. If you use it for personal use, your salary will be charged. If you use it for ministry use, your
work funds will be charged. The purpose of these charges is to help toward the upkeep and maintenance of the vehicle.
OTHER. Assistance for phone number of another mission organization or office can also be obtained from the
ACTION office as long as it is available. Help in using the copier, and fax machine is also available. From time to
time if email & computer assistance is also available.
8.4 National Holidays and Typhoon Days
1.
2.
3.
ACTION will follow the Department of Labor's declarations regarding Regular and Special Non-Working Holidays. ACTION will pay staff 100% of their day's wage and take the holidays off as declared during the year.
ACTION will no longer save them for the end of the year.
ACTION will give 2 extra days at the end of the year.
The last Sunday of August is National Hero's Day and is a paid Regular holiday. ACTION will give this day off at
the end of the year or the beginning of the new year unless the previous Friday or following Monday is declared as
a day off. This is the only exception to the other Regular holidays.
Regular Holidays are:
New Year -- January 1
Maundy Thursday -- Movable Date
Good Friday -- Movable Date
Araw ng Kagitingan -- April 9
Labor Day -- May 1
Independence Day -- June 12
National Heroes Day -- Last Sunday of August
Bonifacio Day -- November 30
Eidul Fitre -- Movable date
Christmas Day -- December 25
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Rizal Day -- December 30
Special Non-Working Days are:
All Saints Day – November 1
Last Day of the Year – December 31
Historic martyrdom of Ninoy Aquino Jr. – August 21
Typhoon Days:
Typhoon warnings are broadcast via radio and TV by signals of one to three...signal #3 being the most intensive. With
signals #2 and #3, elementary and high-school classes are automatically suspended. In some cities, sirens may signal #2 or
#3 with two or three blasts respectively. Listen to DZAS 702AM, DZMB-FM 90.7 beginning at 5:30am or DZFE-FM 98.7
khz at 5:55am for storm signal information.
Vacation Guidelines
Vacation time is important. Vacations don’t have to be real expensive. Vacations don’t have to be all play times. Vacations are needed to provide rest and relaxation in body, soul and spirit. Therefore, each missionary is to take at least
three weeks of the four weeks allowed for vacation. The following vacation procedure should be noted and followed by
each missionary.
Career and short-term missionaries serving on the field for more than one year are allowed four weeks of vacation each
year (20 working days).
Generally, the project worker and short-term missionaries serving for more than six months will be scheduled for a
one-week (five working days) debriefing time, some of which time can be used for vacation. This is arranged through
the Personnel Director or respective ministry leader.
All project workers and short-term missionaries who are here for less than six months should regard any vacation time
as an addition to the agreed length of their program. Debriefing will provide for rest, relaxation and reflection at the
end of their assignment.
Technically, vacation time is earned after one year of service (6 months for short-term and project workers). Practically, however, it can be worked out as follows:
Short-term and project workers serving less than one year: Vacation time may be scheduled after four months of service.
Missionaries serving for one year or more may split their vacation time up as follows:
After each quarter (three months), one week of vacation time may be used:
Example:
Arrival date - three months = one week vacation
Fourth - sixth month
= two weeks vacation
Seventh - ninth month
= three weeks vacation
tenth - twelfth month
= four weeks vacation
Vacation time should not precede the required amount of work time (i.e. three weeks of vacation should not be scheduled and taken off before nine months of service. However, missionaries do not have to use up their vacation time after
each quarter.
There are some exceptions to Items #2, such as Faith Academy vacation and Christmas/New Year’s vacations. Each of
these, however, will need to be considered on a case-to-case basis with your ministry leader.
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Upon the completion of each calendar year, all vacation time should be used before the end of the first quarter of the
next year (March 31). Vacation time cannot be saved up from one year to put toward the following year’s time unless
approved by the Director.
Declared non-working holidays and public holidays are not to be counted as vacation time. Days off during school holidays are considered vacation time (i.e. taking more than one day off before or after Christmas or New Year).
Your vacation schedule must be arranged through your ministry leader at least one month in advance; then please inform the Personnel Director and Administrative Assistant of your vacation plans. Forms are available through the Personnel Office and Administrative Assistant.
Please schedule a vacation and take it! This is important and should be planned in your personal budget. If finances are
a problem, please discuss this with the ACTION Director or Personnel Director. You are strongly encouraged to take at
least three weeks of the four weeks of allowable time and use it for rest, relaxation and reflection.
Those returning to the Philippines after a short (two-to-four month) rushed furlough are allowed to take up to five days
holiday for rest. This is not deducted from your four weeks of vacation time.
New arrivals will be allowed to take one week (five working days) off for rest during the first three months of service if
their pre-arrival preparations were extremely hectic. This can be arranged with the Personnel Director.
There is a place for spiritual retreat and refreshment. If you are approaching physical exhaustion or mental or spiritual
breakdown, by all means schedule a spiritual retreat whether you have a vacation time or not. See the Director or Personnel Director for details.
8.4.1 Missionary Work-Time Guidelines And Ministry Activities
Forty (40) hours per week minimum to 50 hours maximum should be spent in the following activities and/or ministries:
1.
Activities and responsibilities listed on personal job description (minimum of 32 hours per week should be
spent on these activities unless approved by ministry leader).
2.
Prayer-letter writing, publishing and distribution for approximately eight hours per month can be counted toward work time.
3.
Mission-related committee meetings, etc. outside of job-description responsibilities. (maximum four hours per
week, average).
4.
Service, purchase, repair, maintenance of ministry-related equipment, facilities, etc. (maximum four hours per
week, average).
5.
Approved study, seminar, conference and/or speaking engagements.
6.
Supporters' correspondence (maximum two hours per week, average).
ACTIVITIES WHICH SHOULD NOT BE COUNTED IN THE 40-HOUR WEEK
1. Ministries and/or conferences, seminars, study program, etc. outside the personal job description which are
not approved by ministry leader.
2.
Correspondence not pertaining directly to prayer and financial supporters (two hours per week), prayer letter
(eight hours per month), and/or ministry ob description.
3.
Service, repair, moving, upkeep, etc. of personal equipment, home, etc. without ministry leader’s permission.
In most situations, moving/set-up time will be for a maximum of two weeks.
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4.
Visiting or conducting work assignments, etc. for organizations, churches, etc. for whatever reason without
permission.
Missionaries who find they cannot keep activities and ministries within the first category (work time) within the time
guidelines should discuss their job description with their ministry leader.
New missionaries who get sick will notify the Personnel Office or Administration of their ministry leader immediately
as well as the illness after a maximum three days of illness.
8.5 Do a newsletter email & hard copy
To: ACTION Team
From: Doug Nichols
Sent: June 13, 2005
Re: A few random thoughts about emails and newsletters.
Dear Team member,
I trust you are encouraged in the Lord today and in your service for Him. The past two years, I have been studying and
observing the use of newsletters (prayer letters) in relation to email. (I have noticed that some of our missionaries have
opted for one or the other and nothing you say or do will change their mind.) However, for those of you who may be
interested, let me just mention a few random thoughts:
1.
Young couples, in churches, have mentioned to me again recently that even though they have thought that they
prefer email, that some days go by without ever opening their email! However, they open their mail every day,
usually as soon as it arrives, or as soon as they come home from work. They mention that snail-mail (news and
prayer letters) is always opened!
2.
Some estimate that 60% to 80% of personal emails are not read.
3.
Several years ago, it was said that computers were going to make books obsolete, and yet there are now more
books being published (195,000 different titles in 2004!) and more bookstores than ever. Now alongside magazine shops, there are actual bookstores in airports, with many books being purchased and read.
4.
Several months ago, one missionary couple of ACTION opted mainly for only email. Over the last several
months their support really went down! Last month, however, they did a newsletter and their support went
from $2,000 to nearly $8,000 (plus nearly $6,000 designated for various ministries that they are involved in)!
5.
Have you ever heard the phrase "both/and"? It is not email or newsletters, but both/and. We need to communicate what God is doing through our various ministries and encourage people to pray and to become involved. It is not just email, but it is also snail-mail newsletters. Newsletters give people an opportunity to have
something in their hand (letter, response form, return envelope) and to respond as the Lord leads.
6.
It is interesting that in this day of communication, we may feel that we are going to overload people with information. The exact opposite is usually true. There is so much going on, usually, in our ministries about
which people want to hear. So a letter from us once a month and emails will help keep them up to date and informed for prayer and for personal involvement.
7.
Personal letters and emails addressed specifically to the person are good, but if they mention financial needs
and other needs, these may possibly offend them. However, letters that are generally addressed "dear friends,"
can mention funds and needs without offending.
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8.
It is easy for those of us overseas to feel that email is the answer, and it is a good answer for regular communication. But each of us still need to have a general mailing list in the home office from which a newsletter
(with possibly one or two pictures, a response form, and a return envelope) can be mailed monthly (or at least
every other month). Even if our friends do not necessarily read our emails on a regular basis, they will receive
a letter once a month and will have something in hand to respond to.
9.
Over the years our supporting friends die or stop supporting us. Supporting churches may split or cease to exist. Therefore, it is necessary for us to continue to build up friends, not just for support, but friends in ministry.
This is why it is important to look upon building friends in ministry (and funding development) as an ongoing
process, not just something we did one time before we left for the field, but to continue to develop over the
years, especially as we get older. God supports His work and workers, but through His people, the church.
10. Missionaries who do regular communication with email, and also newsletters (prayer letters) seem to have a
support team who responds more to their financial needs of the ministry and personal support.
11. As one of the directors of the mission, many people still think that I am paid a large salary. I therefore mention
in each one of our newsletters that "as all missionaries, Margaret and I are personally responsible to trust the
Lord for our support." I mention this in each one of our newsletters, but it has taken years for some of our
friends, family, and even supporters to fully understand this. In regular communication we, therefore, need to
repeat the prayer requests, needs, and opportunities. Our personal newsletter is a lifeline through which Margaret and my personal support come. When I speak in churches and conferences it is not to represent Margaret
and me and our personal needs, but the ministry of ACTION. So the only avenue that Margaret and I have of
sharing this need is through our newsletter. Even in our newsletter, most of what is spoken about are needs
and opportunities of the mission worldwide. However there is a paragraph usually about our support, travel,
and ministry needs which people can read about on a monthly basis. Some who have prayed for us and been
on our mailing list for years have never given, and some only recently. This shows the need of developing
supporters over a period of time, not just someone who would just give once, and you never hear from them
again, but will develop a real sense of teamwork and ownership of the ministry as your prayer partners, month
after month, over a several year period.
12. Some complain about the cost. How much does a newsletter cost? To get bulk rate in the U.S.A., you need at
least 200 on your mailing list. Let us use a sample of what it would cost to do a letter of 300 addresses in the
U.S.A. The cost of 300 letters, which would include a one-page letter printed back-to-back, with a response
form and return envelope, with bulk rate postage, would cost only $96-102. This is a small investment (less
than 37¢ each for 300 addresses) for such a large return of prayer and support (as the Lord leads His people!).
So dear friends, let us communicate. Paul constantly asked for prayer. He wrote and asked people to pray. He asked
people to give. We might want to follow in his steps to communicate and encourage people to pray, to give, and to
come alongside us in ministry (recruit!) to serve our sovereign Lord in evangelism, discipleship, and development to
the glory of God!
Please feel free to comment regarding the above and to share your findings with the team. We look forward to hearing
from you.
Sincerely in Christ,
Doug Nichols
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8.6 ACTION Philippines Contingency Plans
For Serious Disasters and /or Political-Economical Unrest • Revised: September 27, 2001
In the past, during the coup attempts of the 80’s, ACTION missionaries stayed in their homes and rode out those
situations. This plan covers most eventualities encountered in our sojourn here in the Philippines. The focus of this recommendation, however, addresses the Totally Unstructured Situation. The TUS, or worst-case situation, is a serious
natural disaster, such as typhoon, tornado, tsunami (earthquake induced tidal wave), earthquake, fire, flood, epidemic or drought. The TUS also includes manmade disasters, political and economic unrest, coups, terrorist attacks and
wars.
The TUS is the time when the missionary home may no longer be a safe or practical solution. There may be no
power, water, food, or telephone. Stores and other facilities may be abandoned and looted. Transportation may be
difficult or impossible. Violence and looting may make the individual or family vulnerable. The airports and/or seaports may be unserviceable or inundated by the fleeing population.
ACTION, as a mission, would have a difficult time operating as a corporate body during a TUS. ACTION members are quite scattered. There is safety in numbers, and comfort in being with those you knows. Leaving ACTION
members to survive on their own would be irresponsible.
PROCEDURE
First of all, every missionary must to be registered with their home country Embassy. This can be done online and
should be updated whenever you travel outside the country. Carry a copy of your passport with you at all times.
Keep your supervisor or the office informed if you are traveling outside of your usual ministry area or home. Be
sure you provide information on where you will be staying and how to contact you.
The ACTION team is divided into four GROUPS according to location of families and individuals. A TEAM LEADER
is selected who will be responsible for each group. HAVENS are locations of assembly and relative safety that each
group will go to for protection and evacuation.
ACTION’s Field Director, or OIC will maintain communications with each group for as long as practically possible.
Currently, Jeff Anderson has been appointed Warden for the ACTION team by the US Embassy. The US Embassy will
contact ACTION Warden for evacuation instructions, avoidance of danger areas, etc. But in the event of a breakdown of communications, unusual efforts to maintain communication between groups is not required. If possible, each
group should listen daily to DZAS 702 AM for information about the rest of the team.
GROUPS are the family/individual units that live in close proximity to one another. They will band together for
mutual support, extended capability, mutual care and encouragement, and for a higher profile to the world community. ACTION is divided into four groups. (Short termers will join the nearest group).
Each GROUP is independent of other GROUPS and will seek their solution the TUS in it’s own way. One area
may be dangerous, another peaceful. One GROUP may evacuate by air, another by sea.
OFFICE GROUP
Anderson (Leader)
Ellis
Watters
Feuersteins (SIL)
Homenuke (Calvary)
Conradson (Christ4Asia)
Finaus (IGLS)
FAITH GROUP
Gingerich (Leader) Nichols
Valdez
Vaughn (Faith)
ANTIPOLO GROUP
DeHart (Leader)
Orton
Sison
Clinic staff
2ND MILE GROUP
Germaine (Leader)
Loewen
Burchert
Roots
Blader
Craig
2nd Mile Staff
Office personnel that
are unable to get home
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HAVEN
The purpose of each HAVEN is to provide an accessible location for support, protection, and evacuation. These
HAVENS would be better equipped to minister to the members of ACTION. The world community would recognize,
help and rescue a large centrally located ex-pat population.
Havens in 2007;
 The Office Group will meet at Anderson’s home. Others outside of Manila or who are too far from Andersons
may stay where they are if necessary. If disaster happens during work hours, this will be the HAVEN for office
personnel that cannot get home.
 The Faith Academy Group’s HAVEN will be the Nichols residence overlooking Faith. If that is not available, then
Faith itself. It is well known to the US Embassy.
 The Antipolo Group’s HAVEN will be the DeHart’s home.
 Second Mile’s Group HAVEN will be Second Mile Compound.
TEAM LEADERS
 Are designated for each group.
 Will consult with members, but will have the final say in each group.
 Are responsible to communicate with each group member if at all possible, especially if those members are not
present at the HAVEN.
 Decisions must be decisive and made quickly.
 If a team leader is out of the area or incapacitated, the group needs to designate an alternate leader.
All questions, advice, needs, and actions must go through the TEAM Leader. The TEAM Leader will also secure tickets
and documentation needed for evacuation.
EVACUATION OF FOREIGNERS
Each ACTION family should have a credit card or cash available during troubled times. Evacuation will depend
on the TUS, and each Group’s decision. Air, sea, or Embassy seem to be the only options. After their evacuation,
group evacuees should contact the home offices and report as soon as possible.
FILIPINO STAFF
These evacuation plans are primarily for ACTION ex patriot missionaries living in the Philippines who may
be at a heightened risk simply because they are foreigners. It is recognized that Filipinos working with foreigners
may be at risk when they are near the ex-pats, however in most cases they are at less of a risk when they are in
their own homes away from the foreigners. Working in close proximity to ex-pats can subject Filipinos to certain
risks and dangers. The employee needs to be aware of this and make their own choice regarding employment with
ex-pats. If at any time they feel they are in danger because of association with or being near the ex-pats, they may
choose to leave the area, situation or employment. They will not be required to stay at their ministry assignments
if they feel they are in danger and are not willing to remain. Filipino staff have the option of evacuating to the province or to the home of their relatives in the event of a natural disaster or major unrest in the city. This is an option
that foreigners do not have except to gather together with other ex pats. Foreigners may choose evacuation options when their presence in the Philippines is unwelcome and their lives are in danger or if their presence threatens Filipinos around them.
Revised: September 2007
8.7 Terrorism and Kidnapping Guidelines
Introduction
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One of the areas that we don't like to think about, but that deserves some attention, is what needs to be done if there
is a personal or organizational threat or crisis that comes because of political or terrorist disruption. All of us need to
have some idea of what will be done if something should happen to us or to a member of our family.
The following are some ideas that have been gleaned through conversation with other mission organizations. This is
placed before you for your comments. We know that not all situations will follow a set pattern
but, if all of us know some of the basic expectations, it will be helpful to our families and will assist us in solving the
challenge if it comes. The objective is:
1. To force us to think about some things that we normally leave on the periphery of our minds.
2. To increase our understanding and skill for dealing with threats against the organization and ourselves so
that each of us can finish our responsibility toward completing the task.
3. To relieve fear that could grip or cripple us as we contemplate these issues. Knowledge of the issues and
possible solutions can relieve fear.
Alexander Solzhenitsyn states: “A person who is not inwardly prepared for the use of violence against him is always
weaker than the person committing the violence.”
General Information
1. Each team member must have an up-to-date *will* that is filed in the member's home office. Care of the
children should be stated clearly in this, if applicable.
2. Each member must have a written *power-of-attorney* filed with ACTION stating that if something should
take place (i.e. kidnapping or removal from the country) that all legal matters such as the sale of personal
property could be taken care of by ACTION.
3. All must register with their respective embassy. A *list* of supporting *churches* of each missionary
should be on file in the ACTION Office. This will assist us in communicating immediately during a crisis.
4. Also, having a *list* of addresses and phone numbers of close *relatives* and friends would assist us in
keeping the information and prayer flowing. Make sure the field or home office has a copy of your mailing
list.
5. The field leaders will be responsible for handling the crisis and reporting back to the Home Office.
6. Each field should identify periodically restricted areas or high-risk areas for missionaries and ministry team
members.
7. No one will go to a restricted or high-risk area without clearance from field leaders. Make it a habit to leave
messages with family and to keep schedules.
8. For people in risk areas, develop a parallel communication network not dependent on regular means and
channels.
9. Develop and identify an *evacuation point* for people in risk areas (such as Mindanao) where they can
meet their families, other team members or friends and other expatriates while awaiting transport for transfer to Manila or other safer places. This is in case hostilities suddenly break out and a place is made unsafe
to return for belongings, and for regrouping.
10. Develop a communication system, code of places and dates, and action for family, as well as evacuation
points.
11. In the local language, post a list of instructions and essential phone numbers for household employees.
Kidnapping (Terrorism)
1. ACTION's Policy on Ransom: ACTION, as a matter of policy, will not pay ransom for the release of any of
its people in whatever country they are held. However, *every effort* will be made to secure release.
2. What to do in a hostage-taking situation. There are basically three types of hostage takers:
a. Criminals — Kidnapping is out of greed and selfishness. Objectives: To get cash. Initial demands
are grossly inflated.
b. Crazies — Those on drugs, etc. Their objectives and actions are unpredictable. They can be reasoned with, but it is difficult to find their “frequency.”
c. Crusaders — These people are cause-oriented and involved in a group. Objectives: Their party is
at a point of disintegration. They want the public to become aware that their party/cause is important.
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It is important for you to understand the makeup of a hostage taker. These individuals are usually part of a
group (i.e. political) that is struggling to stay alive. They know how to initiate a “crisis,” but not how to end
it. They are not good *long-range* planners, nor are they often well organized.
Their demands are greatly exaggerated initially. Hostage takers are human beings who understand basic
human rights and desire to survive. They face tremendous pressure during a crisis (fear of police, death,
etc.). It is assumed that you (the victim) will be afraid. They, in turn, are susceptible to fear; they therefore
induce it. Remember that kidnappers are capable of guilt feelings. Also, remember that they will interpret
silence on the part of the victim with suspicion.
It is also important for you to understand your makeup as a victim. There can be described three different
temperaments most commonly assumed by victims:
1. Passive
2. Active
3. Defiant
Things to Keep in Mind:
 I'm a child of God.
 I'm an ambassador of the King.
 I'm not guilty of their supposed accusations.
 I'm a human being with all the weaknesses of one.
 I may feel enormous pressure on my value system.
 Learning about the nature of terrorism will assist me if I ever face a crisis.
 Many terrorists have human feelings and are concerned for people's safety.
 They are also concerned about their image. They are media-oriented.
 It is okay to want to live.
 When in a terrorist situation, limit your conversation to general topics.
 Don't give out places of residence or information about other team members.
Be Active.
 Take responsibility for your own release. Don't sit and wait for things to happen.
 Don't be too aggressive, yet don't be too passive. Remember that silence can be interpreted with suspicion
and as unwillingness and disinterest in living. It creates hostility.
 You can help the captors decide to set you free. Keep in mind that they may not know how to write “act
three.” They may need your help. Negotiate persistently and patiently.
 Exercise physically, spiritually and intellectually. Though a hostage, you can still control your thoughts and
prayers. This will help keep your stress down.
 Try to find out what their objectives are.
 Keep track of the questions asked.
 Don't attempt high-adventure/high-risk escape.
 Deal with the leaders, the educated, the principled. Remind them of their need to live up to the “good” public image.
 Gain their respect and show them respect for their persons and sense of fairness. Don't be defiant and disrespectful. Don't intimidate them or try to corner them. It may only be provocative. Show integrity and stay
with your convictions.
 Establish a relationship with them. Show concern for their families. Example: Chet Bitterman in Colombia
built a relationship with his captors. When their leader (in the USA) called to say “execute” the captors
could not do it. They had to get an outsider to do it.
 Obtain a clear understanding of their stand; however, take care not to become sympathetic with their ideals,
motives or causes.
 Make every effort to share the Gospel with your captors. Witness by telling about your own life.
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
Watch what you say about your relationship to the “present” government. Try to communicate this: “We are
not supporting a man/woman but an office. We will submit to whoever is in control. If you want a different
group in power, elect them and we will support them.”
The Family
 It is important for couples/families to talk about the possibility of kidnapping and to discuss a plan of action
to be implemented in that event. Discuss with your family what steps will be taken in the event of an emergency separation (evacuation, hostage taking, illness or death).
 It is recommended that, if the husband is captured, *the family* immediately be moved to another location
(unknown by the terrorists). The reasoning behind this is that the terrorists many times will use threats
against the family to break the captive. They will also use the family as an added level for demands. Therefore, for the sake of the one captured and the family, it is best to have them removed.
Evacuation of the Field of Service
 In dealing with *national crisis contingencies* that could lead to “total evacuation,” take note of the following:
 Am I aware that the possibility exists that I may have one year or less in the country?
 Am I “keeping my nose to the grindstone” knowing that I don't have “forever” to finish my task?
 Am I prepared for a local or regional crisis that may be a prelude to total evacuation from the country?
 Have I kept overall possessions/baggage to a minimum? Am I truly a pilgrim? Am I willing to leave all I
have?
General Information
 Each missionary is to be registered at the Embassy or Consulate of his citizenship.
 Each missionary will be informed of any evacuation plans. The Philippine Director will be the last one to
leave the country.
 If possible*, each missionary should have a credit card with which to purchase airline tickets.
 If possible*, each missionary should have access to enough dollars to purchase tickets (if credit cards are
not acceptable) for missionaries to get to Hong Kong. From there, credit cards or checks can be used to
reach your final point of destination.
 A major emphasis upon evacuation needs to be placed on the future security and spiritual welfare of those
left behind; not on saving our material things! However, give some thought to necessary items to take with
you and prepare a supply of identification tags for luggage and personal effects.
 ACTION leadership has full authority to administer all mission property.
 A list of all personal property should be made and *kept on file*. Keep this up-to-date.
 If at all possible, keep in touch with ACTION leaders during a crisis.
 All missionaries should keep up-to-date by radio when possible.
 Passports can be kept in a safe place at the ACTION Office in Manila, or you may hold them in your possession. Please inform the office as to where yours is to be located.
 There is value in number, so stay together with the team or other expatriates during a crisis.
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8.8 ACTION Child Protection Policy
Short Form Policy Document
Action International Ministries
(Produced In UK for ACTION by Ingo & Doris Abraham)
(April 2, 2004)
Copyright@ Action International Ministries (ACTION)
Foreword
Action International Ministries (ACTION) is engaged in helping street children orphans and children in crisis in various parts of the world. ACTION takes issues of child protection and welfare seriously.
All current ACTION missionaries, staff, part time workers, volunteers and church teams working in the UK, USA,
CANADA or overseas must undergo a disclosure from the relevant criminal records bureau, police or government
departments in their respective countries. This forms part of the application to serve or visit process.
Further, care is taken with regards to images used on the ACTION web sites, and people are reminded that the material on the sites is copyright to Action International Ministries.
This is a short form document for field and office use in advising trustees, board members, visitors, appointees, missionaries , staff and partner agencies of the main points of the ACTION CPP. It can also be shown to supporters who
enquire about ACTION’s policy on Child Protection.
More detailed information on ACTION’s child protection guidelines can be found in the Child Protection manual.
Table of Topics:
1. The Rights of Children
2. Need to protect children
3. Need to protect workers
4. Need to have safeguards and procedures in place
5. Operating Principles and Practices in Mission
6. Procedures for Incident Reporting or Complaint
7. Mission code of Behaviour and Conduct practices
8. Guidelines for Visitors, Partner Agencies, Etc.,
9. Use of CPP Promotional Material in ACTION
10. Ten Simple Child Protection Guidelines
The Rights of Children
The rights that should be enjoyed by all children are clearly framed in international law:
State Parties shall protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardians
or any other person who has care of the child.
--UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), Article 19
ACTION is committed to biblical principles that govern our relationships with children.
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It considers all forms of abuse, which includes but is by no means exhaustive: Neglect, exploitation through, child
labour, slavery, prostitution and also physical, sexual and mental and verbal abuse.
8.8.1 Need To Protect Children
By it’s commitment to a Child Protection Policy (CPP), ACTION seeks to safeguard children from those who might
seek to infiltrate the organisation and ministries to abuse children , or who whilst in ministry, are found to be abusive
to children.
This achieved by setting in place CPP procedures. These will be implemented at ministry “gateways” in the application, partnership, visitor, friend, or missionary worker role status, both before and or after fielding.
8.8.2 Need to Protect Workers
Procedures and practices are outlined in the ACTION CPP which give guidelines and outlines to the mission’s behaviour and ministry safeguards for children.
This includes CPP orientation, Training, cultural variances in practice, field and ministry operational guidance.
This manual will be made available and worked through at both pre-fielding level on application and on entry to the
field.
Orientation will be given on the ACTION field policy, which will also be produced in the local language for staff,
national workers and missionaries.
Need to have Safeguards and Procedures in Place
Pre-fielding assessment including candidate interviews, with suitable references, official checks with police, governing bodies, Criminal Record Bureau, etc.,
On Field CPP policy implemented in conjunction with ACTION office, Joint Venture Partners, Church groups, etc..
8.8.3 Operating Practices in the Mission
Dedicated person appointed to be responsible to implement local Child Protection Policy both at ACTION Home
and field offices.
Recruitment procedures are to include CPP training, acceptance of CPP agreement, and undertaking.
Director implementation of CPP procedures with associated agencies both at home office and field level. Directors
to ensure that CPP policies are in place and that agency staff are familiar with ACTION child protection procedures.
Procedures for Incident and Complaint Reporting
Clear guidelines are to be established by field leaders. Suitable forms will be made available for incident reporting
from the dedicated ACTION CPP person. This procedure will be available both to Children and partner/mission
workers .
Lines of reporting procedure as outlined in the CPP manual.
Clear rules for investigating complaints will be obtained from the director. These will include guidelines for reporting to Agency, church, local authorities, field and home offices, as deemed necessary.
Mission Codes of Conduct and Behavior
All those engaged in ministry with ACTION either in a direct or indirect role in working in ministry with children ,
will be expected to sign to ACTION’s code of behaviour and Conduct in ministry practice statement. (See also the
ACTION Practices and Principles Manual)
This will include following guidelines given by field directors with rules of ministry involvement during field orientation.
8.8.4 Guidelines for Visitors, Board Members, and Associated Partners in
Ministry
It will be required of all, irrespective of status either within mission, association with ACTION or Partners in Ministry to also comply with ACTION’s Child Protection Policy. All will need some form of clearance, subject to the
governing procedures for each country.
They will also need to sign the CPP agreement, after appropriate checks have been undertaken and they have read
the ACTION CPP.
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Such visitors will receive the same field induction on CPP as missionaries.
Use of CPP Promotional Materials in ACTION
Awareness of Child Abuse and the need for protective is growing but is not readily known in all countries in which
ACTION Operates.
For some individuals and partners the making aware of CPP issues and the policy which ACTION operates will be
an educational process, which will be handled with tact.
It is viewed as being a measure within the mission to allow ACTION to be pro-active and preventative in it’s activities both for the children we minister to and those who seek to minister to children.
By raising public awareness to the fact that ACTION operates such a policy, through information in it’s literature,
website, application procedures and policies. Supporters will become aware through our bi-monthly publications
Potential abusers will be left in no doubt that ACTION has strong child protective measures in place. Any attempts
to infiltrate for such purposes of abuse or engage in such activity on field, will be picked up at the gateway level.
There are also procedures in place, which if followed will also avoid wrongful accusations of workers on matters of
abuse by others.
The purpose of this document is mainly to outline, in short form, the ACTION Child Protection Policy (CPP) for
the benefit of those seeking a working relationship with the mission.
All ACTION missionaries, staff, short-term workers, summer workers, interns, and visitors to children's ministries are required to read the ACTION CPP manual for the complete principles and practices of child protection
that Action International Ministries is seeking to uphold throughout its worldwide organization.
8.8.5 Ten Simple Child Protection Guidelines
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Read regularly the ACTION Child Protection Policy (CPP).
Be familiar with what CPP you need to have in place in your ministry area.
Never stay alone with children in a room, mission facilities or camp area.
Always interact with children where other ACTION team members can observe you
Always engage in ministry to street children in the company of other workers.
Never invite children into your home when you are alone.
Never be found alone with street children in any ministry or other location
Always report to the field director (leader), any discovered, actual, or “alleged” cases of abuse.
(DON'T OVERLOOK—but follow the incident guideline procedure. The source of information may come from
children or other workers. Always get the field leader to follow up.)
15. Never enter into dialogue (about the abuse) with third parties. Always discuss first with your leader (director)!
16. Make sure the ACTION Child Protection Policy applies to and is operative for you!
(DON’T ASSUME—just because you think you know your friend, family member, co-worker, mission leader,
pastor , visitors; that is not enough. Don’t expose them to the potential “pitfall” situations where they can be
found to be “compromised” “exploited” or open to “false accusation”.)
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Action International Ministries
ACTION CHILD PROTECTION STATEMENT
I declare that I have read the ACTION Child Protection Handbook and agree to fully abide with all the
Child Protection measures that are set in place in my field of ministry.
I also will ensure to follow the personal procedures laid out in the handbook, or required by an ACTION
partner agency, that will act as safeguards to my personal contact with any children.
I will ensure that at all times I will be alert, not to place myself in vulnerable situations with children, that will
leave me open to accusation. I will seek to always do my ministry work in the presence and observation of
other adults.
I resolve to avoid engaging in child issues beyond my personal brief, i.e. child disciplinary measures and leave
other similar matters to my superiors.
I will inform the leaders of the agency partners of any suspected or actual abuse amongst the children or being occasioned to children by other staff at the center.
In the event of the Agency partner failing to take action or being unwilling to take the matter further to handle any reported situation, I will report the matter to my ACTION supervisor and field director/leader.
I confirm that I have discussed the matter of child protection preventative measures with the ACTION recruitment sending office and will meet the necessary Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and/or police checks
regarding any previous or current criminal proceedings which are now required under CRB Disclosure policy, for any ACTION worker, prior to being fielded as a short-term or a long-term worker or as an associate
with ACTION.
SIGNED__________________________________
DATE____________________________________
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9 Home, Health & Hygiene
9.1 Dress Guidelines For Men
As compared to North Americans, Filipinos are more “appearance-conscious.” They appreciate neat and appropriate
dress. For this reason, the following information has been developed to assist you in knowing what is and what is not
acceptable in the Philippines.
GENERAL GUIDELINES
Hygiene

Due to higher heat and humidity here, it is important to shower often. Body odor is offensive, so use deodorant
liberally. Keep after-shave available as well. Clean and trimmed nails are also noted as a mark of proper hygiene.
Appearance
 Keep your clothes clean, well pressed and properly mended. The “slept-in-one's clothing” look is not acceptable. Avoid wearing the same clothes two days in a row. Your clothing should always be appropriate for the occasion. For example, if you are going to a wedding, dress formally. In the West, we have the mentality of
“anything goes,” but in the Philippines this is not the case. The degree to which you dress up or down should
match the occasion.
Types of Clothing Worn
 Wash-and-wear summer-weight clothing is most comfortable. Dress-slacks, jeans and sports shirts or polos are
fine in most settings. Undershirts are sometimes good to wear, as they absorb sweat; but they are not a requirement.
 A barong is a particular kind of dress-shirt worn by men in the Philippines. Short-sleeve barongs can be worn
to semi-formal functions such as to church or business meetings. Long-sleeve barongs are worn to more formal
engagements such as weddings and speaking engagements.
 Shorts can be worn in your own home or when involved in recreational activities. Usually it is better not to
wear shorter-length shorts in public under other circumstances. Walking shorts, however, are acceptable in
public.
 Tennis shoes and loafers are acceptable for office or “ministry” wear. Thongs are usually worn in the home or
when involved in recreational activities. Men's sandals are all right to wear, as well. If your shoe size is 11 or
over, you may have trouble finding shoes in Manila. Also, the quality of soles is different and may wear more
quickly than North American brands.
Availability of Clothing
 If you are particularly tall (over six feet) and/or broad (over 190 pounds) you may need to be selective in where
you shop for clothes. Sizes tend to run smaller, since body builds are typically smaller here. Tailors, however,
are plentiful; and clothes can be made to size as needed.
9.2 Dress Guidelines For Women
Although Filipinas dress in much the same way as North Americans, there are some differences. On the average, the
Filipina believer tends to be more conservative and modest in her apparel. Since these are the ones we serve and work
alongside of, the following guidelines are given so that needless offense will not occur. You will observe all sorts of tight
shirts, low-cut pants and blouses, short and tight skirts and short shorts around in the malls and in public. This is a trend
being greatly influenced by the West. But when it comes to being in ministry, we must rise to a different standard so that
our clothing will not discredit our message.
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General Appearance
Filipinos appreciate neat, appropriate dress. Don't be too casual in your “work clothes,” especially in the offices. Slacks
or other casual apparel are acceptable in some of the ministries. Take your cue from the Filipino staff members and dress
in like manner.
CLOTHING
Dresses, Blouses and Skirts
 Even though it is hot, keep sundresses basically for home wear. They should not be worn to the offices. An exception to this would be if the dress has a vest or jacket to go over it or is worn with a blouse or T-shirt.
 If sleeveless dresses are worn, make sure that the armholes are not too loose. The shoulder straps should be
wide enough to cover most of the shoulder.
 Dresses and skirts should be worn no shorter than the bottom of the kneecap.
 Be careful with the type of neckline on blouses and dresses. Low, gaping or plunging necklines cause embarrassment to the Filipinos and to the other team members as well.
 Keep in mind that when you ride on the public transportation of jeepneys and trikes, you need to bend low and
step up high to get into the back of the vehicle. Dress in such a way that you are not exposing yourself when
getting in or out of the local transportation.
 T-shirts should not be tight or made of thin material. Nor should the be too short to expose your midriff.
 Knee-length culottes-type skirts are acceptable to wear.
Slacks and Jeans
 Avoid tight, patched or overly faded jeans. It is important to look neat; not sloppy. Also avoid pants with low
waist-lines that will expose your midsection.
 Knee-length/cropped pants are acceptable for casual wear.
Shorts



May be worn in your own home or for exercise or sports, but stay away from wearing short-shorts in public.
Most Filipinas, particularly those in the province, do not wear short-shorts outside of their homes.
Culotte-type shorts that are worn just above the knee are acceptable for casual outings.
Walking shorts are acceptable.
Swimsuits
 Modest one-piece suits (no high-cut leg openings) are to be worn.
 Generally, when swimming with Filipinos at a public beach, a pair of shorts and a T-shirt is the acceptable form
of swimwear for women.
Shoes


For work, wear closed-toe shoes or sandals that have a back strap. “Step-ins” are considered too casual for office or ministry-related work.
Rubber thong sandals (flip-flops) are generally for home wear and going to the open-air market. They are considered improper for shopping malls and other public venues
GROOMING
Cleanliness
Filipinos are much more sensitive to body odor than North Americans, and it is quite offensive to them. Be sure that you
take at least one shower a day and more if needed. Use plenty of deodorant.
Hair
Keep hair clean and in a style that is neat. The extreme humidity, pollution and riding on public transportation necessitate having an easy-to-maintain hairstyle.
Nails
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Having nicely groomed finger- and toenails is part of the culture here. Keep nails clean and trimmed. Polish is not necessary, but is used by many Filipinas.
9.3 Guidelines For Personal Care And Conduct
The following guidelines have been formulated for the purpose of helping you to receive the greatest possible benefit
from your term with ACTION. Keep in mind that this is merely a brief summary of the type of behavior expected,
and it is to be supplemented by common sense and the fruit of the Spirit. In most instances, outsiders will consider
the short-term missionary to be equal with the career missionary. We want to be careful not to bring reproach on the
name of Christ and His work by our attitudes toward leadership or the people among whom we live and minister.
During your term with ACTION, there will be great potential for developing a ministry in the lives of others. Yet the
potential for destructive attitudes and actions is also very great, for ignorance may cause these things to appear innocent or unimportant. For this reason, it is imperative that each short-term missionary respond positively and wholeheartedly to the instructions of the resident career missionary, whether or not the reasoning behind the instructions is
understood.
General Topics
The ACTION leadership reserves the right to send home any person who is not bringing glory to our Lord through
their actions as seen by national pastors, missionaries, or mission leadership.
Your love and encouragement should be evident toward the missionaries who have been serving here for years.
Don’t be afraid to help out in their homes. Indicate a genuine interest in their lives and ministries. Do not hesitate to
ask them questions regarding their activities. Get the most from your opportunity by giving priority to the subject of
missions. Remember you are being supported, at least partially, by mission-hearted people who are interested in your
life as it relates to missions.
You are an Ambassador for Christ. Courtesy is essential. Loudness and uncontrolled laughter are out of place in the
Filipino context, as they are usually associated with drinking and fighting. Remember that this is not your country
and you are a guest. Negative comparisons between your homeland and theirs, and negative political comments are
discouraged.
Relationships
Filipinos are friendly and accommodating. A smile goes a long way. Learn to use it even when you do not feel like it.
It will make a great difference in your ministry.
Humility is another attribute of tremendous significance. The people with whom you work are very sensitive to their
social positions. Let them know you are interested in them and their children, and are not ashamed to be around
them. If you will listen and observe, you will learn much from them.
Be genuinely warm and friendly to Filipinos. Beware of being (or appearing!) superior in attitude. They will regard
you highly because you are a college student or foreigner. They may be embarrassed by their limitation in English.
Remember how much more limited you are in their dialect.
1.
Male/Female relationships
Love affairs and dating with nationals or between men and women short-term missionaries will not be allowed. The slightest degree of over-friendliness with those of the opposite sex is often misinterpreted as
flirting. Be careful.
b) Males and females are never to be alone as couples, in Philippine culture. Although this is less practiced in
the cities, the older Filipinos still frown on this. This would include spending time alone with the opposite
sex in a closed door conversation. If there are just two of you, make sure the doors are open, so that everything is in good taste.
c) Be sure to define your terms clearly in handling friendships. Example: when you give someone a present, let
them know the reason for it. Don’t make them guess.
a)
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d) The raising of the eyebrows is not a sign of flirting. It means, “Hi”, or “What?” or “I didn’t hear you”. Filipinos use a lot of non-verbal body language. “Playing with your eyes” or flirting is different than raising
your eyebrows.
e) Males should avoid physical contact with Filipino women.
f) Filipino men love to treat ladies. Don’t discourage them or take it the wrong way. It’s their strength to show
friendly manners. Keep in mind the necessity of “group” centered activities.
g) One-on-one evangelism should be carried on with the same sex – women with women, men with men.
h) If at anytime you feel someone is behaving inappropriately towards you, please discuss this immediately
with your ministry supervisor or ACTION Field Director.
Living Arrangements
You will be living in private homes. Do offer to lend a helping hand with the household chores.
Notice of intention to be absent from meals or other scheduled activities is to be given in advance, if possible, or
otherwise explained to your ministry supervisor and/or host.
House orientation for Filipino homes:
 Filipinos are not used to showing you around – leading you to where you can find household things. So,
take the initiative in asking where they can be found.
 Filipinos are not used to “direct frankness” when you need something. Instead of asking them if they have
“soap” for washing clothes, ask them “Where can I buy soap for washing clothes”. Sometimes they may say
they have it when they really don’t and then run out to buy it for you.
 Most Filipinos only use a sheet and blanket, but seldom a bedspread.
 Don’t hesitate to ask questions, like asking your hosts to teach you how to flush the toilet, opening doors
and windows, way of washing clothes, etc.. Develop a sense of humor. Be willing to laugh at yourself.
 Filipinos are accustomed to “close family ties” and family togetherness. That means that you are counted as
part of the family and not a visitor. So, take time to acquaint yourself with the family. Chat with them during
your free time and never exclude yourself from family fellowship unless you need privacy to do necessary
things. To always be alone will mean that you are being aloof.
Food





Learn to appreciate and taste what is set on the table. Just take a little if the dish is new to you. Then, if you
like it, get more. Your host will be delighted. Ask what the name of the dish is and how it is cooked. If you
don’t like the food, don’t show it. You may say “I’m full” or just taste a little. Don’t show any negative expression about the food being served. You may ask your host, “How will I eat this?” not “I don’t know how
to eat this”. The first comment means that you like it, but the second means you don’t feel you could eat it.
When you know you will be out during the lunch meal take a pack lunch, or eat lunch somewhere that looks
quite clean. You will need to pay for your own lunches when you are out on ministry.
When you are out of the home drink only bottled or canned soft drinks, or purchase bottled water.
Get into the habit of washing your hands frequently, especially before handling or eating food.
Notify your missionary supervisor of the slightest illness or irregularity of any kind.
Time


Filipinos are not so conscious of time as of the event. So don’t feel bad if things start later than the scheduled time.
Be punctual for all obligations – travel, meals, classes, meetings, etc., especially when involving other foreigners. However, do not wrongly judge the Filipinos for their lack of punctuality.
Grooming
 Wearing sports wear is only valid for exercise and sports activities.
 Be well groomed. Know the occasion so you may know how to dress appropriately. Observe what other
missionaries are wearing. If you are uncertain of what is appropriate clothing for a particular occasion, you
can ask other missionaries or your host family what clothing to wear.
 Your ministry supervisor will inform you what clothing is appropriate during your ministry time.
Transportation
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
2.
3.
4.
Most of your traveling in the city and throughout the nearby countryside will be done by “public” transportation: bus, jeepney, or tricycle.
Always travel with a companion (‘kasama’), even after you have learned your regular routes. If an ACTION
staff member should be your companion, you would pay their fare.
Carry small change, either coins for jeepneys or tricycles, and P10 or P20 bills for buses.
Be alert at all times, as many people have their pockets picked or their purses or pockets slashed while riding
public transportation.
Conclusion
Observe the way of life in the country. Be alert and sensitive to the customs, institutions, and thought patterns of your
hosts. Remember that in most cases, “It’s not wrong, it’s just different!” when you don’t understand the way they do
things. Make every new challenge an opportunity to learn. Other nationalities move at a slower pace than the West.
Slow down – and learn to enjoy it. Remember you are an ambassador for Christ, acting as His representative.
9.4 General Hygiene
9.4.1 Personal Hygiene
1.
2.
Shower frequently...at least one or two times daily, or more if necessary. Be aware of and careful about personal
hygiene, as we can be offensive and thus a bad testimony to the people we are wanting to minister to. Remember,
“smelly cologne” does not make up for not taking a shower. There is no substitute for a good scrub.
Regarding minor skin abrasions, cuts and wounds: Especially in children, injuries of this nature should be tended to
immediately in order to prevent infection and further complication. Cleanse thoroughly. PHISOHEX is a good antibacterial cleanser. Use your discretion as to whether to treat with a prophylactic topical antibiotic. This may be
helpful in preventing infection and in helping the injury to heal faster. FUCADIN LEO is a good antibiotic. Keep in
mind that things may not heal as quickly here and become infected much more easily.
9.4.2 Household Hygiene
(Ideas for “around the house” that may help in the prevention of illness and disease).
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Don't leave food uncovered and setting out. Keep it covered and refrigerated if necessary. Ants and roaches are
prevalent, as are flies.
If at all possible, make sure your windows and doors have screens. This can help keep out disease-carrying insects.
Mosquitoes can carry such things as Dengue Fever and Malaria.
You may want to fumigate regularly (once a month) to eliminate pests. There are exterminators available who will
come on a regular monthly basis.
Be careful of carrying food indiscriminately around the house, as this will attract ants and cockroaches wherever
crumbs are dropped. Depending upon the house, you may even be contending with rats!
Have your water checked periodically for purity. Information can be provided for you on how and where this is
done. It is a process requiring sterile bottles, letting the water run for a certain length of time, etc. Do this from timeto-time to make sure your drinking water remains safe. If proven unsafe or you just don't know for sure, boil water
for 20 minutes before drinking it.
In preparing vegetables...especially those to be eaten raw...make sure you scrub them vigorously with a good brush
to break up and remove any particles. Also soak them for 20 minutes in a solution of one tablespoon of bleach per
gallon of water. There is some controversy over this method and its effectiveness, but it may be of some help. Another method is to soak them for 20 minutes in water with HALAZONE added (tablets are available at MERCURY
DRUG). HALAZONE is a water purifier.
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9.5 General Health And Well-Being
A. Eat properly. Learn to plan well balanced meals for yourself and your family. Learn how to utilize new fruits and
vegetables that are available here in order to obtain needed vitamins and minerals. Some foods may not have quite
the vitamin richness that you are used to; however, it is possible to eat healthfully here.
B. Get proper rest and exercise to maintain good physical and mental health. As God's servants, we are caretakers of
our bodies, His temple! See to it that they get treated the way they should.
C. Take supplements as needed, such as:
1. Vitamins. It is recommended that you take vitamins daily. Yogurt tablets will help to combat infections and
diseases.
2. Brewer's yeast...supposedly good to scare away mosquitoes, as your body assumes an odor unpleasant to mosquitoes.
3. Yogurt pills (recommended for new arrivals). Yogurt pills, fresh yogurt and YAKULT drink all provide a natural bacillus which helps the body maintain its natural balance. It may even function to control, and possibly
eliminate, amoeba.
D. Drink a lot of liquid. There is no substitute for water, and it is important that you drink large quantities of it daily.
Make sure your consumption is at the level it should be in order to meet daily needs and to replenish what is lost
through perspiration. Be sure you drink more than you would at home. (Requirement at home is 6-8 glasses daily;
here it is 8-12.) A suggestion might be to fill several one-liter containers and put them in the refrigerator with your
name on them, in order to keep track of how much water you really are drinking each day. It might surprise you.
Men especially are encouraged to drink a lot of water, as they are more susceptible to kidney stones and other related problems; so DRINK, DRINK, DRINK.
E. Deworming. Some may wish to get onto a regular program of taking “COMBANTRIN” (a drug to eliminate worms
from the system) every six months. This needs to be used by the entire family, including helpers, in order for it to be
effective. Worms are easily transmitted from one to another, especially within a family.
Don't let this alarm you, but do note that worms are very common, especially among children. To help prevent
this problem, don't let children put objects into their mouths; keep fingernails short and well trimmed; and don't let
children go barefoot.
F. The sun. Beware of the sun, which can be an enemy if we are not prepared for it. The ultraviolet rays somehow
seem more potent here, and it takes only a short time to get a really bad sunburn, especially if you are fair-skinned.
Be sure to use sunscreen if you know you will be exposed to the sun. There are lotions with varying degrees of sun
blockage available. I might stress here that the sun has destructive properties. It can cause skin to age considerably
and can also cause future problems (i.e. skin cancer, etc.); so be careful. Also, if you are susceptible to headaches or
sunstroke, it may be advisable to wear sunglasses and a hat while in the sun. Heat exhaustion and stroke are explained very thoroughly in WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR.
9.5.1 Rehydration drink
In the local climate and environment, it is very easy to become dehydrated. Dehydration happens when your body
loses more liquid than it takes in. This can happen by traveling around in heat where you sweat a lot or when you are
ill; especially if there is vomiting and diarrhea. You are advised to always carry a bottle of water with your or purchase one every couple hours whenever you travel around in the heat. Drink often. Know the signs of dehydration:
headache, dry mouth, dark yellow urine, dizziness.
To make your own rehydration drink, take 1 liter of clean water and add 1/2 level teaspoon of salt and 8 level teaspoons of sugar. Coconut water, fruit juice and bananas are a good way to provide potassium. You can also purchase
a tablet from any pharmacy called “Hydrolyte” which will provide the same needed ingredients. Follow directions.
Gatorade is also good.
9.5.2 Some Common Problems
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A. Diarrhea and dysentery may become problems for you at some time during your stay here. These are both dealt with
at quite great length in WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR. If problems persist and are accompanied by vomiting,
don't ignore it hoping it will go away. People of any age can dehydrate, especially in a climate such as this. Dehydration develops more quickly and is most dangerous in small children. Note signs of dehydration in WHERE
THERE IS NO DOCTOR. Try natural methods first (i.e. banana, rice water, etc.) if it is a simple case of diarrhea,
as well as replacing fluid loss by forcing fluids. Don't wait for dehydration to begin.
B. Tuberculosis (TB) is very prevalent here in the Philippines, especially in rural areas. Routine checkups are important for you and your family, as well as the househelp. Maintaining good health and nutrition is one of the best
prophylactics.
C. Amoeba. These are not worms, but tiny microscopic animals or parasites. This subject is also given thorough coverage in WHERE THERE IS NO DOCTOR.
9.5.3 Medications
Most prescription drugs can be purchased here without prescriptions. MERCURY DRUG is the popular drugstore. Further information regarding health is covered in the video, HEALTH AND HYGIENE IN THE PHILIPPINES.
It is not difficult to get prescription drugs over the counter here, but be careful not to self-diagnose or treat
unless you really know what you are doing. See a qualified doctor or check with a nurse. There are a few drugs used
here that are not approved by our FDA, so it may not hurt to know what medicines you are on and why. At National
Bookstore, you can purchase a book called MIMS. It is published annual and lists all the medications that are available in the Philippines. It is a useful tool in finding the local name for a generic medicine.
9.5.4 Immunizations
Immunizations for typhoid, paratyphoid, tetanus, diphtheria and polio should be kept up-to-date. There may be times
when it is wise to have cholera immunizations, but these are not normally necessary. Routine check-ups are recommended for all family members and helpers.
These days, this is a matter of opinion and preference. Some doctors feel that for someone to get these shots is
almost more traumatic than actually contracting the disease. On the other hand, some feel strongly that it is important to
keep up on immunizations. Faith Academy administers Typhoid and Cholera immunizations to the students there, as
well as testing for Tuberculosis. Cholera immunization is good for a period of six months, and Typhoid for one year.
There is now an immunization for Hepatitis available here also; so the decision is up to the individual where this is concerned. Discuss it with your doctor if you have any questions.
9.6 Househelp
THE NEED FOR HELP IN THE HOUSE
Housework in the Philippines is time-consuming because of the lack of appliances; and it is tedious because of the
heat. It involves sweeping floors; not running a vacuum cleaner. Lizards and bugs leave their signs, which must be
cleaned up regularly. Mildew appears in humid weather, and in the dry season dust accumulates faster than it can be
swept away. Our motive for coming to the Philippines is to be a witness for Christ. It is wonderful to have a helper
who can release us from housework and give us time to share Christ with others.
There is no word in Tagalog for “maid.” “Katulong” or “kasama sa bahay” mean “helper,” and that is a good way to
refer to them: helper/helpers.
OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO FULL-TIME (LIVE-IN) HOUSEHELP
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1. Physically: We are responsible for their physical condition. The missionary should pay for ordinary doctor's care. If
your helper should need extensive dental work such as dentures or a pair of glasses, it is permissible to have her pay half
of the cost. According to Philippine law, we are responsible for their health.
2. Morally: This includes proper chaperonage for them and concern for their whereabouts. This is especially true if
they are young. Your helpers should never leave the house without letting you know where they are going and when they
will be back. It is up to you to check this, even on their days off. This aspect is also covered by Philippine law.
3. Spiritually: Our helpers in the home are our first mission field. Let's be good imitators of Christ so they can copy
our lives in the fruit of the Spirit. Some missionaries forget that their helpers are a part of the Filipino people they came
to reach and are also human. Treat all Filipino friends and co-workers with friendliness and respect, and don't forget to
have equal consideration for your helper.
4. Socially: It is our responsibility to help them adjust socially to the situation in which they are working. We can do
this by teaching them acceptable manner of dress, hair-do, cleanliness, etc. Some girls come directly from the barrio and
have had little contact outside of their own community.
5. Financially: Wage and Food Scale -- This will vary with time and place. As a guide, ask missionaries in close proximity the wage scale they are using. Be sure she has sufficient funds to eat well. She would rather eat her own food, and
by herself. Give her space in the refrigerator and cupboard for her food. Wages (other than normal yearly increases) and
food allowances of helpers should not be increased without consulting other missionaries in your area. Raises should
depend on how well the girl is working and learning, and upon her own teachability, dependability, attitude and incentive. These do not have to all be perfect, but you should consider whether she shows improvement.
Sometimes we are so thrilled with all the work househelpers do that we feel the salary is too low and hasten to
give a big raise immediately. It is better to wait at least six months for the first increase, and then continue giving a
small raise every six months for the first couple of years. After that, one increase per year should be sufficient unless
you want to continue every six months due to a hike in the cost of commodities, transportation, etc.
6. Time Off: Just like us, your helper needs time off. One day, or two half-days, per week is good. You will find she
comes back refreshed. Be careful not to let all the work piles up until she comes back.
7. Vacation: After one year's work, we normally give a two-week vacation with pay, and pay for the return trip
AFTER she returns and IF she returns on time. Be specific about when she should return.
8. Birthdays: It is nice to bake a cake and give a small gift to your helper on her birthday. Allow her to invite in a few
friends from the area to celebrate. Birthdays are very important here. Christmas is another time for gift giving.
9. Borrowing: The usual practice is not to lend money to your helper or give her an advance in salary. After she has
been with you for several years and has proven herself under some circumstances, it is permissible; but as a general rule
you should try to avoid it. Never should more than one month's salary be given.
AIDS TO SMOOTH HOUSEHOLD OPERATION
1. Make schedules for your helpers, giving all details. Schedules avoid misunderstandings. Work should be checked to
see that it is done properly. It is a great help to the girl if the daily menus are written out.
2. Be specific in your instructions. Give each helper specific responsibilities. If you say “One of you do this” etc., it
may not get done. Advise each helper personally of your requests, rather than asking one to tell another. They may not
be comfortable with this and the one you tell may end up doing the job herself instead.
3. Teach by showing; not by telling only. Remember, most of the time you may not be using your helper's language.
Therefore, telling her what to do is usually not sufficient. Spend time with your helper and show her how you expect the
work to be done. When using English, remember that your words for things may be different than hers. Also, there may
be a difference in terms from employer to employer. Reinforce what you say with demonstrations, especially at first.
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When you hand someone a recipe to follow, go over it word-for-word, as sometimes there are directions, ingredients or
even measurements that may not be understood. TEACHING AND PATIENCE ARE KEY WORDS.
4. Since helpers cannot mind-read, it is best to be consistent if possible. They will try to please you but, if they keep
getting different instructions or mixed messages about their duties, they will be reluctant to take the initiative in things.
5. Your helper is going to want to tell you what she thinks you want to hear. Her cultural value tells her that this is the
nicest way to handle things. Your values may dictate that she tells the truth no matter what. Help her to understand this.
She is not, in fact, lying to you from her perspective, but is wanting to please you.
6. All instructions should be given by the woman of the house. For cultural reasons, as well as the fact that most employees prefer to have only one boss, instruction as well as correction should be done by the woman. Children should
never be allowed to tell the helper what to do. Most helpers will follow a child's instructions unless told not to.
7.
Salary must always be paid by the woman. A man never pays a female helper; the connotation of this is very bad.
8. Have your helpers teach you Tagalog as you are able. Remember, though, that their primary responsibility is not to
function as language tutors.
ESTABLISHING GOOD RELATIONSHIPS
1. Cultural differences may cause misunderstandings. Your helper comes from a very different environment. Put yourself in her place.
2. Stay “on top of things.” Supervise. When chores don't get done, don't ignore it or make excuses on behalf of your
helper. Be sure to discuss it, or things will build up, and an explosion of some kind will likely occur (either you will explode or she will begin to take advantage of you).
3. Remember to be an employer; remember your helper is an employee. Keep the nature of the relationship clear so
she will understand the role she is to play in home responsibilities and family life.
4. Be very careful about making promises, or even alluding to the possibility of taking someone with you (on vacation,
home assignment, etc.) until you have fully explored the situation.
5.
Do not cause your helper to “lose face.”
A. Correction in public is very embarrassing. There are times when you must correct a helper, but it should be
done in private. Your choice of words and tone of voice are more important than the fact of correction.
B. “Saving face” is very important in Philippine culture. If criticism is necessary, follow it with a compliment or a
change of subject; and preferably with an affirmation of her worth as a person.
Rule: Affirm...reprimand...affirms.
C. Do not in any way infer that you think she is guilty of taking something that does not belong to her. For instance, you have misplaced a comb. If you say, “Have you seen my comb?” immediately she will think that you are accusing her of taking it; but if you reword your question to “I put my comb somewhere and cannot remember where I
placed it” the answer will come.
6. When referring to her, use the term “my helper” or “my companion in the house” rather than the terms “maid” or
“servant.”
7. Develop loyalty and trust. This will take time and patience but, once this mutual trust has been established, you will
have faithfulness, trust and a loyalty that cannot be equaled. Missionaries are not always right. We can learn how to do
many things in this country from our helpers.
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8.
We are responsible for their:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Bed and mattress.
Two sheets.
Pillow.
Lightweight blanket.
Bedspread.
Towels and washcloths.
Mosquito net, if needed.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT HOUSEHELP
1. Make it clear, when hiring someone, what her wage is and what her food allowance is. This is one aspect of Filipino
law. Have someone help you with the “interview” if it is your first time.
2. “Yayas.” (Someone specifically hired to watch the children.) You will need to assure her that making a mess is part
of your expectations of your child's play activity (if it is, of course). Let her know that you expect her to encourage this
kind of activity. Otherwise she will think it is her job to keep everything neat and tidy. Let your helpers know that it is
important to you that your children pick up after themselves, learn to feed themselves, dress themselves, or whatever;
and ask the yaya for her help in making sure they learn these things.
3. Do not correct your helper when you are upset over the situation. Your tone of voice will be too harsh and may
cause her to “lose face.” If you become unreasonably angry and say something you later regret, apologize and ask her
forgiveness.
4.
It is nice to let your helper use one of your fans, especially during hot season.
5. When you need to “let your helper go” for some reason, it must be done very carefully. Filipino law is always on the
side of the employee. Get advice before you attempt to do it yourself. When you decide to fire an employee, if you assume the blame, it will “save face” for your helper and make the situation go more smoothly with no loss to either of
you. (Example: Cely, I'm sorry that I must let you go, but I need to be more involved in the kitchen (or with the children). You are a lovely person (good helper, neat...some REAL quality), but I'm feeling that I must...etc.”)
6. A helper should get a siesta break of about two hours in the afternoon. The cleaning should be done in the morning.
Ironing and light jobs can be done in the afternoon. Schedules are important, especially in the beginning.
9.7 Who on the action team to call for special needs
Nurses: Cindy Gingerich, Mavis Orton
Eye doctor: Dra. Becky Majam
Midwife: Bahay Paanakan, Mavis Orton, Cindy Gingerich
PC Computer advise: Mike Gingerich, Raffy Sison
Mac Computer advise: Mary Ann Anderson
Doctor / medical facility referrals: Pat Ellis
9.8 Bits & Pieces
Here are some “BITS & PIECES” of information to help you with shopping and getting started here in the Philippines.
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9.8.1 Shopping
As you shop, conduct yourself with discretion. Always be modest and neat in appearance. Avoid wearing shortshorts, halters and other immodest apparel in public, although these may be acceptable within your own home. Cultivate
positive attitudes rather than negative jokes. Instead of complaining about the heat, the jeepney rides and the potholes,
comment on the pleasant side of life in the Philippines -- such as the variety of fruits, MAGNOLIA ice cream and the
clean markets that are available. Attitudes are contagious -- give your shopping companion a nice day.
If you need information, it is best to inquire from a qualified source, as often a person will misinform you in order to
“save face” rather than say he does not know the answer. Also, when shopping, if the clerk does not understand you, he
may reply “out of stock” when this is not actually the case. Do not be afraid to ask in the supermarket when you cannot
locate an item. Usually the stock boys and girls know where things are located. It is best to stay away from the grocery
stores on the 1st and 15th of the month, or right before a holiday, because there are many shoppers after payday. Plan
your shopping early in the day to avoid the long lines at the check-out registers. This is particularly important during the
month of December.
Be sure to keep small change on hand for the taxi, jeepney and tricycle drivers, as they will not be able to change
large currency. It is customary to tip the boy who bags your groceries and gets a cab for you. A tip of a couple of pesos
is fine -- use your loose change. In most small stores it is best to have exact payment, as there may not be change available.
Some of the popular grocery stores are UNI-MART (Greenhills), RUSTAN'S (Cubao), CHERRY'S
FOODARAMA (Shaw Boulevard), ROBINSON'S GALLERIA (Ortigas and EDSA), MEGA MALL (Crossing) and
LANDMARK (Makati). You might also want to try some of the less-frequented stores, as these sometimes provide high
quality, with fewer lines to wait in. You might want to have your househelper shop early in the day at the local open
markets for your fresh foods and meat.
9.8.2 Baking And General Cooking Hints
Cooking Oil comes in a variety of brands and kinds. Be sure to watch what you buy. You may want to stock a good corn
oil (which is more expensive) for salads and baking, and a cheaper type for general cooking (frying). Cake mixes, puddings and biscuit mixes are expensive. This poses a challenge to make things from “master-mix” recipes or from
“scratch” if you don't already do so. The average Filipino home does not have an oven; thus neighborhood bakeries are
the norm. Little sari-sari stores can furnish you with hot pandesal (bread) for breakfast and merienda times. There are
some whole-wheat products available at the grocery store; however, they are few and not as nutritious as homemade,
whole-grain items.
Store your dry staples in Tupperware to protect them from insects and bugs. It is recommended that flour and other dry
mixes be put into the freezer overnight after purchasing in order to kill any bug eggs that might be in them.
Dry yeast made by SAN MIGUEL is excellent. If kept dry and refrigerated, it will last a long time. One level tablespoon
equals one yeast cake or package.
Rice can be bought at the market. It can be bought by the sackful (25-50k bulk), which may save you from having to
purchase small units frequently. Try dinarado rice from Batangas -- you'll like it!
RICOA brand chocolate is good for cooking. Raisins are available (by the kilo) at the market; however, diced dried
mango slices also make a nice substitute in breads, granola and cookies.
Sugar is coarser here than in the States. Keep it in Tupperware or other airtight container. For sugar-free users,
HERMESSETAS saccharin and NutraSweet tablets are available. DIET COKE and other diet soft drinks are available;
however, they may be more expensive than regular soft drinks.
GREAT TASTE instant coffee is a favorite local brand. Many use NESCAFE to get the nice glassware it comes in.
NESCAFE does have a decaffeinated brand available at times.
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Most brands of peanuts are roasted with garlic, and sometimes give a “garlic flavor” to baked goods. Cashews can usually be substituted for various kinds of nuts that recipes may require.
Peanut butter often has cane sugar added. You can get imported sugar-free brands, but they are expensive.
Local honey is usually mixed with syrup and is thin. COCOA honey is a favorite. Baguio honey and strawberry jams are
good too.
***************
Metric Conversion Chart
1 cup
1/4 cup
1 tsp.
1 tbsp.
1 pint
1 quart
= 250 milliters
= 62-1/2 ml.
= 5 ml.
= 15 ml.
= 0.47 liters
= 0.95 liters
1 kilogram
1 gram
1 liter
1 liter
1 liter
1 liter
= 2.2 pounds
= 0.035 ounces
= 4.23 cups
= 2.1 pints
= 1.06 quarts
= 0.26 gallons
***************
9.8.3 Cookbooks
Learning to cook “more Filipino” will help save money on your grocery bills. Perhaps you can arrange a trade-off in
cooking lessons to help increase your own repertoire and start or deepen a friendship with a Filipino. Imported and local
cookbooks are available at the NATIONAL BOOKSTORE. Several church groups publish cookbooks that are often
available at bazaars. One of the best is the SIL cookbook. Another helpful one is A COOK'S TOUR - FAVORITE
RECIPES OF MISSIONARY HOMEMAKERS by Philippine Baptist Mission, 244 Taft Avenue, Manila. It has lots of
good hints and charts.
9.8.4 Dairy Products And Related Items
Locally processed milk, ice cream, sour cream, cottage cheese and yogurt are safe and of good quality. Do not, however,
buy ice cream from the street vendors. Typhoid is carried so easily through milk products, and the handling of that ice
cream may not be of a sanitary nature. MAGNOLIA ice cream is the favorite brand.
Milk in cartons on the shelf is handy to have, as these do not need refrigeration until opened. If you buy MAGNOLIA
milk in bottles, be sure to use it the same day. You might want to check with other missionaries to see what brands they
prefer; or you can buy milk powder in bulk at the market (much less expensive).
Buttermilk here is not the kind to which we are accustomed. If you bake with buttermilk, request someone from the
States to send you the powdered kind found in the baking sections of the grocery stores.
Cheese is nearly all processed here. Experiment to discover which is most pleasing to you. Australian cheese is cheaper
than KRAFT or MAGNOLIA brands. LADY'S CHOICE margarine is a non-refrigeration type and has a flavor all its
own. It is located with the shortenings in the baking-needs section in the store.
Substitute for Whipped Cream (Helen Cadd's recipe)
Use an equal amount of undiluted canned milk and COFFEE-MATE powder (no other brand seems to work).
Put it in the freezer for 20-30 minutes to get it icy cold. Then whip. If it doesn't whip, add more COFFEE-MATE and
get it cold again. It whips and keeps really great!
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9.8.5 Fish, Meat And Poultry
Frozen and fresh fish are available at supermarkets and all open markets. Learn to buy fresh fish. Buy wisely, as Manila
Bay is polluted. Canned tuna is plentiful and packed in a variety of ways, so watch your labels. You can get water-pack
tuna. CENTURY is a good low-price brand.
Lamb is imported from New Zealand and Australia, and makes delicious lamb stew. Beef here is tougher, so needs to be
handled accordingly. Both at the open markets and the supermarkets, you can order meat cut as you want it. Ground beef
comes in three grades. The best hamburger and ground round comes from Australia or New Zealand.
Be sure you cook pork well. It is used more frequently than beef in Filipino recipes. Local bacon is delicious.
PUREFOODS, HORMEL, and SWIFT'S PREMIUM are good brands. HORMEL and SWIFT'S PREMIUM hotdogs
have a good flavor. Some brands taste “fishy.” For cold cuts, SWIFT'S PREMIUM brand is always dependable.
Chicken can be bought both fresh and frozen. Both MAGNOLIA and SWIFT'S PREMIUM are good brands. Chicken
can be bought in the open market, and you may request for it to be cut up in chunks (Filipino-style) or pieces. Prepackaged pieces (breasts, thighs, wings, etc.) are available, but are somewhat higher in price. Turkey is available...either
imported or grown locally...but is quite expensive.
9.8.6 Fruits And Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables are best bought at the open market. When this is not convenient, you can buy them at supermarkets, but they are more expensive. Bananas, pineapple and other fruit in season can often be bought at the sari-sari store
nearest you.
Local JACK AND JILL dry cereals are good and are much less expensive than imported dry cereals. QUICK OATS,
CREAM OF WHEAT and other wheat brands are usually available, as are oatmeal, cracked wheat, bran and cornmeal.
Pinipig (rice cereal) can be bought at the open market, crisped in the oven, and served warm or cold (like corn flakes)
for a good and crunchy treat. Also, wheat products can be purchased in bulk at the market.
Frozen vegetables can be found in the frozen-foods section. Be careful when you buy corn, as it may not be the sweetcorn variety you are used to. It is a type of field corn (mais). Cheap brands may be tough. Try locally processed food. In
many cases, quality is equal to that at home. Check for seasoning, as there may be variations on some items. Check your
prices, as imported items are more expensive than those prepared here. There may also be variations in ingredients. For
example: fruit cocktail -- some of the cheaper tropical fruit cocktail canned here is very fine and has some extra fruits
imported brands do not have.
9.8.7 Furniture And Furnishing
The “Rattan Row” stores at the corner of Ortigas and Santolan Road have good prices for rattan, baskets and other native furniture (these can be made to order). Take someone along who knows the going prices. You can “bargain” there.
A Filipino can secure a better price than an Amerikano. Furniture can also be made to order from other dealers in the
area.
Foam mattresses and cushions can be ordered, according to the size and color of covers that you want, from VERA
COMMERCIAL (Look for Solem.) For drapes and upholstery needs, Mr. Honesto Mendoza has been highly recommended.
For appliances, the AUTOMATIC CENTRE stores at Cubao, Greenhills, Boni and Makati have good prices and dependable service, with delivery and installation on large items. They always check to make sure your appliance is in
working order. The Cubao store has a larger selection than the Greenhills store. If you buy several expensive items, you
can sometimes get a ten-percent discount. SHOE-MART and ROBINSON'S GALLERIA are other good places to shop
for these items.
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9.8.8 Beauty Shops
These are found on almost every corner. Prices are more reasonable here than in the States.
9.8.9 Clothing
DIVISORIA MARKET is the place to buy material and sewing notions. You can take a bus from the Wilson Office to
the market. The first time, you should go with someone who has been there before to show you around. DIVISORIA is a
maze of streets with stalls; therefore, it is easy to get lost if you are unfamiliar with the area. Also, be sure to use caution
and keep your valuables well hidden.
KALENTONG MARKET has a limited stock of material but, if they have what you want, it can be bought for only a
few pesos more than at DIVISORIA. This is just a tricycle ride from Shaw Boulevard and is often cheaper on household
items than other places. UNIWIDE in Cubao also has a good selection of fabric.
SHOE-MART is a little higher for children's clothes, but good shoes can be purchased there. RUSTAN'S is higher yet.
Many have good success at UNI-MART. SHOE-MART in Makati is a good place to buy socks and shoes. Very big and
wide shoes cannot be bought here, but you can have them made.
Comfortable bras are hard to find, especially in larger sizes. Try TRIUMPH brand. If that is not satisfactory, have someone send them over from the States.
Here is a metric clothing-size chart to help you to know what size to buy here. Be sure the clothing is large enough. It is
helpful to take a tape measure with you.
CLOTHING
METRIC
SIZE
US
SIZE
Dresses
38
40
42
44
10
12
14
16
Stockings
2
4
6
9
10
11
Shoes
35
36
38
5
6
7
Shirts
35
37
40
14
15
16
Socks
25
28
29
10
11
11-1/2
Shoes
41
44
8
10
Women
Men
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46
9.8.10
12
Household Hints (Miscellaneous)
It is recommended, if you live in an area where water pressure is a problem, that you keep a large pail and dipper in your
shower so that when pressure is low or you cannot get any water, you still have water available for a “bucket shower.”
There are very few bathtubs here. If you like to soak your feet, use a plastic foot basin in the floor of your shower to
stand in. Works great! One tablespoon of household bleach added to a large bucket of water will keep the water fresh
indefinitely.
If your laundry is done by hand, TIDE is the brand of soap with the least amount of irritation. Ask your helper which she
prefers. Special laundry bar soap can be used also (SUPERWHEEL, AJAX, or others). For dish-washing, there is a type
of soap that comes in a margarine-like carton. One good brand is AXION. This is good to use for cutting through grease
and grime. Good brands of dish-washing liquid are TEAPOL and KITCHEN MATE. Dishes are washed and rinsed in
the tap water. Tap water is often warm at mid-day, so this is a nice time to get all the dishes washed. Because the dishes
do not get scalded when rinsed, some people rinse them in water with household bleach added to kill germs. Use 1/8 cup
(two tablespoons) per one gallon of water.
When there are “brownouts” (no electricity) you may wish to turn off or unplug constantly running appliances (such as
refrigerator and air conditioner). The surge of power when the electricity comes back may damage or destroy the motor
or electrical parts. Brownouts are more frequent in some areas than in others, but it is wise to keep a supply of candles
and good-working flashlights on hand. Hurricane lanterns are inexpensive, and it is good to have a few on hand. These
provide more light and are safer than candles.
Water and electric bills are usually collected at the house. Have money set aside for these so that, if you are gone, the
helper can pay them. Have exact change. Checks are seldom used except to pay school bills and sometimes the rent.
When paying large bills, count out the money in front of the party. Also count out the money you receive at the cashier's
counter in the bank after cashing checks. This could save some confusion and/or prevent an embarrassing situation.
Keep a spare gas tank for the stove at all times. If there is a shortage or you run out in the middle of meal preparation,
you will not be caught short.
Telephone service here is unpredictable. Do not place too much dependence on phone calls. Lines are frequently out of
order. New installation is a long, many-month process. If phone service is important to you, rent a house with a phone
already available. For safety reasons, avoid giving out your name or address to a stranger on the phone.
9.8.11
Bugs, Mice And Insects
Do not leave food or crumbs out (especially overnight). To do so invites ants, roaches, mice and, yes...even rats...into
your house. Sweep up crumbs after every meal. Keep your kitchen very clean. Do not allow your kids to “eat all over the
house,” as crumbs and wrappers in bedrooms invite insects and rodents. All products which contain sugar should be
stored in bug-proof containers, or you will find you have “visitors.” You will probably store more things in the refrigerator and freezer here to keep them free of “creatures.”
You may want to have regular (monthly) pest-exterminator service. Check with the office about scheduling and cost.
Occasional spraying with insecticide should be sufficient in a clean house. “Ant chalk” is also available for lining cupboards, baseboards, and other areas in your home. Here is an effective method for getting rid of cockroaches, called
“cockroach cookies:”
Combine 1/4 kilo boric acid, 1 cup flour, 1 large finely grated onion, and 3 tbsp. sugar. Add enough milk to
form balls. Place on squares of waxed paper. Place in cupboards, closets, corners, and around your home...the
places “Mr. Cockroach” frequents. Within three to four days there will be dead cockroaches showing up. This
should be effective for four to five months.
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Ground termites take flight in the early evening each year toward the end of April or first of May. They make their way
to any and all light sources, especially in your home. They come by the thousands to shed their wings and burrow into
the wood. When you notice this phenomenon, it is easy to rid yourself of these pests.
Turn off ALL the lights in the house and put a large basin of water very close to ONE...and only ONE...light source.
Because of the reflection in the water, the termites will think this is another light and will fly to a wet death.
For mouse control, of course a good “mouser” cat is most effective. Some people rely on the good ole' mouse trap, and
others even use fly paper (ask someone about this method). Poison for mice and rats is plentiful in the market. DORA
brand appears to be a favorite.
For insect sprays, BAYGON or SHELLTOX is effective but be careful to cover mouth and nose while spraying and use
sparingly. It is toxic. GUARDSMAN is a cheaper brand, but has a strong odor. Malaria is still present in some rural areas but not in Manila, Baguio or Cebu City. Screens are a necessity. Be sure to close car windows at night to ensure mosquito-less driving the next morning. Keeping your fan on -- at least on low -- at night will help to deter mosquito bites, as
the mosquitoes cannot fly in the breeze of the fan. Taking brewer's yeast tablets will also help to keep mosquitoes away,
as the insects do not like the odor...or so we are told.
Water is not guaranteed “safe” in Manila. The problem may come in the system; therefore, it is good to have it tested
every six months or so... especially during the start of rainy season. If your water is not tested safe, then there is a certain
risk in drinking it unboiled. Boil it for 20 minutes to kill all the amoeba. You can also buy 5 gallon jugs of purified
drinking water. There are several services that will provide the dispenser for free and will deliver new jugs of water
regularly. Some dispensers have the option of hot or cold water.
9.8.12
Weather, Typhoons & Earthquakes
Celsius/Fahrenheit Exchange Chart:
0 degrees Celsius
37 degrees Celsius
100 degrees Celsius
32 degrees Fahrenheit
98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
212 degrees Fahrenheit
Earthquakes. Most are of small intensity, but occasionally large ones shake the country. If you find the earth moving
beneath you, follow these precautions:
1.
Move outside as quickly as possible, away from walls and buildings that may tumble down.
2.
If you are inside and cannot get outside quickly, stand in a doorway or get under a table or large piece of furniture to
give protection.
3.
Be careful not to touch live wires that may be torn down. Watch for fires.
4.
DON'T PANIC! More injuries are caused by stampedes than by falling buildings.
Typhoon warnings are broadcast via radio and TV by signals of one to three...signal #3 being the most intensive. With
signals #2 and #3, elementary and high-school classes are automatically suspended. In some cities, sirens may signal #2
or #3 with two or three blasts respectively. Precautions to follow:
1.
As soon as a typhoon warning is broadcast, you may wish to fill large pans, buckets, and tubs with water. You may
not need it, but it is best to be prepared.
2.
Keep a supply of candles and/or (kerosene) lanterns on hand.
3.
Have an emergency supply of canned food on the shelf.
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4.
Have some type of cooking facility that is non-electric.
5.
Move outside lawn furniture and other items into a sheltered place.
During a signal #3 typhoon, it may be best to stay in the house. Open some windows for cross-ventilation to avoid broken glass. Stay away from large glass windows and be very careful opening doors when wind pressure is high in order to
avoid injury.
9.8.13
Final Word
Adjustment takes time. It can be six months before you will get used to life here at all, and another six months before
you feel comfortable. A favorite passage of Scripture helpful during this period is Philippians 4:4-9. Commit each situation to the Lord, and He will help you to rejoice.
Feel free to call up or visit any of the other missionaries for advice or just to talk. Don't feel you are imposing. If
you're “down” we want to help. Remember, we've been there; but sometimes we forget.
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10 Cultural Basics
10.1
Do’s And Don’ts In The Philippines
DO’S
DONT’S
Do give the Filipino a way out of the situation so he can
save face thus avoiding embarrassment. Embarrassing
him will cause ‘hiya’ or loss of face—the value of losing
face is certainly very strong for Filipinos. In fact, many
of the other dynamics to be mentioned later are based on
this particular value.
Don’t admire by words relatively small items because
the owner becomes obligated to give them to you – as
clearly stated, this applies mainly to small items that can
be readily given away, i.e., ballpens, plants, pets, wall
decors, etc. Appreciation for such things as the house,
household appliances, the children and the like would be
greatly valued.
Do invite people at least three times. Filipinos are taught
that it is proper to refuse the first time or two. To them,
insistence is a clear sign that the offer or invitation is
genuine.
Don’t use the common signal for OK. In the village, it
means money. You may use the new sign for OK – this
is the thumb-up sign which has been commonly seen on
television.
When served food, do taste a little even if you don’t care
for it. It is always considered nice to taste a little bit for
snack in the house you are visiting because it creates a
very good interpersonal relationship. If it is something
that you really cannot take, then try to get something that
you can tolerate from among other times that are saved.
For some, coffee will do, for other, cookies or banana
will serve the purpose. But always remember that it is
the gesture that is very important.
Don’t open a gift in public without permission from the
giver. This is a very hard especially for some Westerners
because it is the exact opposite of the Western culture
where gifts are expected to be opened and displayed in
front of everybody. In the Philippines, you are not supposed to open the gift unless allowed. This again may be
considered as part of the losing face value, because the
gift may not be expensive enough and thus, may not be
appreciated by the receiver.
Do give food as a gift to the sick, but not flowers. The
later is associated with death. This is another Filipino
value diametrically opposed to the Western culture. In
the U.S. sending of flowers to a sick person is the best
get-well card. In the Philippines, however, where there
are various flowers which are specific for the dead, foreigners may easily commit the mistake of sending such
flowers to their sick friends.
Don’t be too particular about the pronouns he or she.
There is no distinction on gender in Filipino. The same
word is used for both male and female. Another common
problem with the Filipino language is the confusion in
the pronunciation of P and F. Because we don’t have an
F in our alphabet, we tend to pronounce it as F. Sometimes the speaker may address his group as ‘pillow
workers’ which has slightly different connotation than
‘fellow workers.’
Do befriend the children. Children are excellent entry
points in establishing interpersonal relationship with
parents. You can do this quite easily by giving them little
feasts such as cookies, bananas, candies, etc. In the beginning, there may be lots of hesitation on their part to
accept these gifts, especially when their parents are looking.
Don’t call anyone stupid. To the Filipinos, it is worse
than cursing. In addition, never refer nor compare a Filipino with an animal. This is an insult, a very degrading
thing. Two of the specific comparisons very much resented by Filipinos are those pigs and monkeys, i.e.,
“you’re a pig!” or “you look like a monkey!”
Do bring ‘pasalubong’ (present/gift) when returning
from a trip. This shows you thought of them during your
absence. ‘Pasalubong’ means homecoming gift, a small
remembrance to be given to your hosts or their children.
Don’t use you forefinger upward to call a Filipino. It is
considered degrading. Psssst! Is sometimes used to call
people like the street vendors or peddlers. But don’t yell
loudly across the room. As a rule however, it is preferred
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to call the person by his name. It is even better to use
nickname, because these are reserved for close friends.
Do show respect for age, as this is an important precept
in the Philippines. Use the proper appellations for elders
and relations. Find out right away what appellations are
used in the family. By using such appellations, you will
see the almost magical transformation in your relationship with the family because they will feel you were really one of them.
Don’t leave without telling your host or hostess you are
leaving and give a reason. In the village, this is called
“getting permission.” When you stay in the Philippines
you are under the protection and responsibility of the
household head. Thus, it is expected that you will seek
his permission every time you intend to leave the house
to go somewhere else.
If you must refuse, be consistent. Refuse all, Consistency
is a prime requisite for smooth relationship in the Philippines.
Don’t wear sandals when attending special occasions in
the Philippines. Wearing shoes is a sign that the event is
important to you.
When living with a Filipino family, be prepared to share
your things with household members, i.e., cosmetics,
combs, toothpaste, etc. If there are some things that you
don’t want them to use, keep them out of sight, locked in
your suitcase. Whatever is displayed outside is for public
consumption.
Don’t expect promptness nor precision from the Filipinos. This is their way of life. In the Philippines, the sense
of time is really quite distorted. When you are there,
however, you may be able to influence them to be on
time for the next scheduled activity by being there yourself ahead of time.
Smiling is a sign of friendship and a form of greeting.
Don’t correct in public. Do it privately or through a third
party. This is again because of the losing face value. As a
rule, if it is not so important, just forget the whole thing.
10.2
Smooth Interpersonal Relationship
The most important concept in the Philippines is that of Smooth Interpersonal Relationships. This is every Filipino’s
goal. From this concept we can discern eight basic cultural values:
10.2.1
The In-Group (we = “tayo”, us = “kami”)
Whereas westerners tend to value privacy and individuality, Filipinos stress the importance of the
GROUP. They like to be with many people at an event. The more the merrier. This also applies in
the home where everything is shared by the family.
Example: ‘Blow-out’ (party) -- the one who has had an achievement, promotion, birthday, etc. is
expected to throw a party for the group, thus sharing his good fortune with his friends. He cannot
just keep it for himself and his family. Of course, he benefits when someone else gives a blow-out.
10.2.2
Ability To Get Along (“Pakikisama”)
Derived from the root word sama which means “accompany” or “go along with.” Pakikisama
conveys the idea of togetherness (the root word “kasama” means companion). It means “giving
in” or “following the lead or suggestion of another.” It refers especially to the practice of yielding
to the will of the leader or majority so as to make the situation unanimous.
Example: If your favorite eating place is McDonald’s but your group wants to go to Wendy’s,
you need to go with them to show your “pakikisama”.
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10.2.3
Go-Between (“Tagapamagitan”)
The use of a go-between or a mediator is a common means of restoring or preserving smooth interpersonal relations. This third party steps into the picture to avoid shame of embarrassment, or to
bring about healing between two people who have had a disagreement, fight or hurt feelings. This
avoids face-to-face confrontation, a very risky proposition for a Filipino.
Example: Common situations where a Go-Between would be used: an embarrassing request; a complaint a difficult decision to be communicated.
10.2.4
Debt Of Gratitude (“Utang na Loob”)
When someone does a favor for another person, the receiving party incurs an “utang na
loob”, a sense of gratitude to the person for the favor done. (The focus is on the person, not the
deed.) The repayment of “utang na loob” cannot be measured, but one must attempt to fulfill it.
Saving a person’s life for instance, can never be repaid, but as long as it is acknowledged that
the reciprocal payment is partial and required further payment, there is “utang na loob” or acknowledgment of further obligation. A deeper meaning exists within the family. Children are expected to be everlastingly grateful to their parents and to provide for their needs later in life.
Example: Examples of smaller favors or “utang na loob” are:
Borrowing and lending of household items in daily life or the loan of small sums of money when needed;
Intercession with the law for a son who is caught stealing or involved in a fight;
Helping out one’s friends or relatives on a ceremonial occasion by sending food or serving at the meal.
10.2.5
Loss Of Face/Embarrassment/Shame (“Hiya”)
“Hiya” is a value related to the Filipino’s place in a social setting. His primary goal is to be accepted and approved by his fellowmen. Hiya” is an uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness
of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. “What
will people say?” – causes one to try to keep himself in a socially acceptable position.
It is a strong insult to charge a Filipino with not having “hiya” for it means that he does not know
either the difference between right and wrong, or he does not feel the proper sense of shame when
in a socially unacceptable position.
Examples:
When punished publicly. It is difficult for the Filipino with his sense of shame to swallow scolding, ridicule, or being
belittled in public.
The Filipino is sensitive to harsh tomes which he considers a personal affront in making him feel hiya. To talk to him
in harsh tones in the presence of his friends is a complete disregard for his sense of pride and shame.
To be criticized is likewise putting one to shame and the Filipino avoids the unpleasant experience of hiya by avoiding severe criticism. He also avoids criticism by trying to commit errors that will embarrass him in the presence of
others.
10.2.6
Self-Esteem/Self-Worth/Self-Respect (“Amor Propio”)
Conveys meanings of dignity and putting on a good face in moments that call forth serious thought
and decision. One central element of “Amor Propio” is the need of the Filipino to be treated as a
person not as an object. His sense of personal worth, his individual dignity, is especially vulnerable
to negative remarks from others. Loss of self-esteem is painful and can result in loss of one’s good
standing in the community.
“Amor Propio” and “Hiya” are 2 related values that have great importance. Though they are not the
same, they are related. Amor Propio is involved with the individual, how he views himself and his self-worth. Hiya is
more of the idea of shame and functions as the main external socio-control.
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Hiya is approximately the counterpart of the western concept of pride. A western mother might say, “Don’t you have
any pride?” when rebuking a child. A Filipino mother would say, “Wala ka bang hiya?” (“Don’t you have any
shame?”). The 2 concepts are not really opposites, the real difference is in focus. The idea of pride is centered on the
individual, the idea of hiya is centered in the group. Thus, hiya, like pride in western countries is used to regulate
behavior and prevent wrong action.
10.2.7
Time/Event Concept
Filipinos are not so conscious of time as of the affair. They are more interested in what is happening
(event itself) than in when the event is happening. In a folk society, valuing people more than time,
you must show up some time when the event is happening, not necessarily at the starting time of the
event.
10.2.8
The Compadre System
A particular type of kinship system. In English, it means co-parents given to the male or female
sponsor as in the case of a godmother or godfather. In Tagalog, the godfather is called “Ninong”
and the godmother “Ninang” and they take place on the role of a witness at either a wedding or a
baptismal ceremony.
The Compadre system would serve to establish close ties among those who are not in fact blood
relations. It further provides the concept of close alliance regardless of one’s station in life, which result in a spirit of
mutual cooperation and respect.
10.3
The Evolution of Religion in the Philippines
The State religion of the Philippines is Roman Catholicism. The dominant religion, about 85 percent of the people
identify themselves with the Roman Catholic Church. The remaining 15 percent belong to various “sects” such as
Protestant, Seventh Day Adventist, Iglesia ni Kristo, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Mormons and Muslims, all of which are
growing in number.
How did the Roman Catholic invade the archipelago? Catholicism was first introduced March 16, 1521, by Ferdinand Magellan and his men. Upon landing on the island of Limasawa, they erected a cross. Along with them was
Father Andres de Urdaneta. On March 31, 1521, the first Catholic mass was held. Long before Magellan discovered
the Philippines, islanders had been practicing animism. Islam had also come to the islands from Borneo.
There were three reasons why the Spaniards came to the Philippines:
1. The spread Christianity.
2. To acquire wealth.
3. To colonize.
The Spaniards dominated the Philippines for almost 400 years. Due to the maltreatment and exploitation by the
Spaniards, the indigenous people raised up against the conquerors. Filipinos wanted to gain their own identity and
freedom from the invading forces of the Spaniards. From this experience, the Filipino people have felt the need to
fight for their rights and for their freedom. The country underwent various revolts and was torn by wars for several
decades in an attempt by Filipinos to acquire true freedom.
As the Spaniards introduced “Christianity” it was combined with animism. The result is a mixture between the two.
You may wish to consult additional resources for a fuller explanation of Christianity in the Philippine context.
Various religious rituals were decreed by the Spaniards governors such as the celebration of Town Fiestas in honor
of the respective Patron Saint. These are festivals that can last up to three days or more. Usually there is a procession through the town, with participants holding lighted candles as they accompany the “patron saint” which is load-
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ed on a cart. Every family prepares to entertain guests in their own home. Eating, drinking, band playing and cultural presentations are parts of the celebration. Perhaps during your stay here you will be exposed to a “barrio fiesta”.
The Catholic Church uses the Catechism as their textbooks. Most of the Catholic schools used this for educating or
indoctrinating members regarding proper beliefs and practices. For a time, only the priest was permitted to read and
handle the Bible. Presently, you will find a growing interest in reading and understanding the Bible by the common
man.
Those attending the Roman Catholic Church are required to follow the sacraments of the Church. Concerning baptism, if a child is baptized as a Roman Catholic, he automatically “becomes a Christian” and is registered on the
church record. A certificate of baptism is issued, just a birth certificate would be. Sponsors of the child are called
“Ninong” and “Ninang,” or godparents. A child can have two or more sponsors, who offer support in various ways
to the child. Other sacraments would include confirmation, the Lord’s Supper, Holy Rosary and Matrimony.
Most of the Catholic holy days are marked by social gatherings, colorful processions, and religious observances.
Some of these are as follows:
1. Holy Week in the Philippines: Holy Week in the Philippines is different from that in the rest of the world.
It is a blending of serious and comic and of the physical and the mundane. It starts on Ash Wednesday and
goes through Easter Sunday during the hot summer month. On Ash Wednesday, the faithful go to church to
get their ash-cross marked on their forehead by the priest. Palm Sunday, which ushers in Holy Week, is
celebrated with the display and waving of palm leaves, which are sometimes woven into the most intricate
patterns imaginable. These are taken to the priest for blessings. The flagellate re-enacts Christ’s agony,
suffering and martyrdom of centuries past. Surprisingly, their wounds and bruises heal quickly without
complications of infection. Holy Week celebration is capped with a re-enactment of another portion of Bible history…the joyous meeting of triumphant Christ and His blessed mother, Mary…on Easter Sunday.
2.
Good Friday (Mahal na Araw): This is the most solemn day of the year. There are many processions.
On Thursday, images of the saints are borne along the streets; on Friday, the clergy can be seen bearing the
coffin. During the processions, the flagellates are evident in areas throughout the city, choosing to flog
themselves with glass-tipped thongs, and some allowing themselves to be “nailed” to a wooden cross.
3.
The Ati-Atihan of Kalibo Aklan: January for the Aklanos is not only for a New Year celebration, but it
means ati-atihan celebrations. Ati-atihan is a revival of the past history among Christians and heathens. It
includes a spiritual festival lasting for seven days. In the spirit of Mardi Gras, there are weird masks and
costumes which link like, death, Christianity, paganism and other motifs of local custom and foreign borrowings. This celebration is held in Aklan during the third week of January. It draws curious devotees
from far and near. A long parade, which is half serious and semi-comic, emerges from the church, in which
the image of the infant Christ is enshrined, and slowly weeds its way through the town’s main thoroughfares.
4.
The Feast of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila: Another crowd-drawer is the January 9 celebration
of the Black Nazarene in Quiapo, Manila. Quiapo is the most crowded and liveliest area in Manila. The
area can be seen well decorated and well prepared for the said celebrations. Religious fanatics, sinners,
flagellates, the sick, the weak and strong “push and shove” their way close to the image, which slowly
moves forward on the stooped shoulders of the votaries. The women and the young…armed with lighted
candles, rosaries and prayer books…join in the sacrifice of the procession. The life-sized replica of Jesus
of Nazareth, acute pain etched on his agonizing face as He carries the heavy wooden crucifix on His bent
shoulders, is carried on the arched, bruised shoulders of a half-naked, sweating and panting man. The figurine was fashioned and cared by a Mexican-Indian and taken to the country by the religious in the midseventeenth century. The Black Nazarene has found a permanent home in the church of Quiapo. From
Quiapo, the people hike to Quiapo homes, where they are invited for sumptuous repasts and merriment.
The open houses are accessible to any guest until the late hours of the night.
5.
Santa Cruzan: The solemnity of the Lenten season is followed by a festive air of Santa Cruzan de Mayo.
In the month of May the pageant, which brings to mind another Biblical story, is brought alive in the pre-
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sent, with a sprinkling of the modern thrown in. This celebration honors even St. Helene and Emperor Constantine, who “found” the cross of Jesus Christ. The celebration was modified into one, which is semireligious and semi-gala. Floral offering to the altars of blessed mother Mary are made in the mornings or
afternoons. There is novena held and a procession around the town, at which ladies are made queens or
Reyna Elenas. Beside the queen is the Constantino, or the royal handsome consort of the queen. This is a
national celebration.
6.
Yuletide in the Philippines: During Christmas season, the Greater Manila area glitters with the blended
decors of tinsels, lights, Christmas murals and the ring of Christmas carols. It is the happiest time of the
year. There is a spirit in the air that makes people closer and more generous to one another. Families usually get together and celebrate Christmas at home with their loved ones. They have Noche Buena, the traditional sumptuous supper after the midnight mass. Gift exchanges are very common and actively
participated in by loved ones and friends. This is the time when the grandparents give out their gifts to their
sponsored children or “inaanak.” Sometimes it is a “headache” to godparents who have nothing to give; often they hide themselves in their rooms.
The New Year comes a week after Christmas. It is greeted with massive fireworks and ruckus from firecrackers, bamboo cannons, and rattlers. It is joyous celebration, and most Filipinos anticipate it for a prosperous and blessed New Year.
7.
All Saints Day: This Philippine tradition is unique in that there in none quite like it in any other corner of
the world. A week before All Saints Day (which is November 1), the serenity of the cemetery is disturbed
by the influx of grace cleaners to the sanctuary of the dead. Armed with brooms, paint and brushes, the living relatives of the dead do a swift “face lift” of the faded grave paint and pull up the weeds that almost
choke the mortal remains of the dead. Early in the morning of November 1, fresh of artificial flowers are
positioned on top of or in front of the graves. There are sandwiched between lighted candles.
People start to gather mostly around 3:00 o’clock, carrying with them diverse paraphernalia for a long vigil
of for relaxation. In the cemetery, a prayer or two is spoken for the dead, followed perhaps by a priest
blessing the incense perfume. The whole day passes with a time of relaxation, after which people gather
their things, tidy the graves a bit, and make their way home. They will return for the next year’s feast of the
dead when a sibling has passed away.
10.4What's In A Name?
by William B. Girao
What's in a name? Does it matter much how one is addressed? To the family-centered, group-oriented Filipino, it matters
a great deal. To the Filipino, the way he is addressed communicates the recognition of his position in the family or in the
intricate web of inter-relationships within the clan. On the wider sphere of the whole community, how one is called signals either a recognition of a relationship that is already in place or the kind of relationship that is desired to be developed.
Within the family and clan, affection is expressed through descriptive designations; i.e. “gamay” (“small” - Ilonggo),
“taba” (“obese” - Tagalog), or “kulot” (“curly-haired” - Tagalog). Among the Ilonggos, “Toto,” “Inday,” “Baby,” or
“Nene” are used as prefixes to the child's nickname to express affection -- as in “Toto Rod,” “Inday Lilette,” “Baby
Lou” or “Nene Dolly.” Such affectionate designations, however, are normally confined only to the family or clan, and
this is rarely carried over to the community at large.
The vertical flow of authority within the Filipino family necessitates prefixes to names. Among the children, the older
boys would always be called “Kuya” (“older brother”) by the younger ones; and the older girls would be called “Ate”
(“older sister”). “Kuya” or “Ate” may be followed by nicknames or may stand alone on their own. Old relatives would
be called “Lolo” (“Grandpa”) or “Lola” (Grandma”) followed by nicknames or full first names. Older, but not too old,
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relatives are called “Tito” (“Uncle”) or “Tita” (“Auntie”) followed by nicknames or first names. Parents would always
be addressed “Tatay” and “Nanay” (or equivalents) -- and never by their nicknames or full first names.
In the wider community, strangers or newly introduced individuals would be called “Sir” or “Ma'am” by the younger
ones. A person with a higher social status will be called by his title; i.e. “Doctor,” “Attorney,” “Reverend” or “Professor.” If the one referred to is clearly higher in status, the title used stands alone without the surname. If, however, the
person spoken to is more-or-less one's equal -- in age or status -- the title is used with the surname; i.e., “Dr. Cruz,”
“Rev. Santos” or “Professor Fernandez.” If a person's title is unknown, then the plain “Mr.” or “Miss” or “Mrs.” followed or not followed by the surname (as the case may be) is used.
Calling a person by his full first name or by his surname alone is not normally done -- except in a few cases where the
full first name is in itself already a nickname or is nickname-sounding; i.e. “Rudy,” “Sonny,” “Lily” or “Betty.” In Philippine society, the full first name is normally used only by the person in authority -- as one's grandmother, teacher in
grade school, boss or authorized government agents. Parents also call their children by their full first names to signal
their displeasure, anger or dissatisfaction over the latter. The use of the surname alone is done by one's professor or boss
or, again, by authorized government agents -- i.e. a policeman, judge or personnel in licensing offices.
To address a person by his full first name or his surname alone is to communicate to him that you are the boss and he is
the subordinate. It also communicates disdain, contempt, displeasure, anger and arrogance. This form of address is usually resented and would cause a person to hold you off “at arm's length.”
Friendship, camaraderie, equality or “being-at-home” with a person is expressed through the use of nicknames. Prefixes
to nicknames that are indicative of affection within the family -- as “Toto,” “Inday” or “Baby” -- are normally left out
unless one is expressly invited to use the designation by the person concerned himself. To call a person higher in social
status by his nickname alone is considered presumptuous and rude. The nickname should always have the proper prefix -- i.e. “Kuya,” “Manong,” “Ate” or “Manang.” The nickname is used only between friends. If one has not yet gained
the camaraderie of a person, the formal title or “Mr.” followed by the surname should be used; not the nickname.
To illustrate those nuances, let me introduce myself. My full first name is “William” and my nickname is “Will” or
“Willie.” In my family and clan, I am affectionately called “Toto.” You do not call me “Toto” unless you are a member
of my clan. If you call me “William” you will immediately be telling me that you have the same maternalistic authority
over me as my grandmother or official authority or my grade-school teacher -- who all called me “William.” By calling
me “William” you communicate to me your superiority, authority and power. If you were, indeed, my superior, then I
have to bow to your authority. If, however, you are not actually my superior, then I will have an immediate distaste of
your rudeness and presumption. If you call me “Willie” or “Will,” you identify yourself as a friend, an ally, a comrade,
an equal. If, however, you are much younger than my 47 years and you call me simply “Willie,” then you are a presumptuous upstart; not a friend. For someone younger, “Kuya” or “Manong” should precede the nickname of the person addressed. To call me “Mr. Girao” or “Pastor Girao” is to signal a formal relationship where friendship is still a tentative
or likely possibility, but something that still needs to be worked on. For someone who is already part of my “spiritual
family” -- i.e. the church family, the simple “Manong” or “Kuya” without the nickname may be used.
What's in a name? Does it really matter how one is addressed? It matters much to the Filipino. But, isn't it that in Christ,
“There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”? (Gal. 3:28 NIV).
Shouldn't cultural pieces of baggage, then, be swept away by our equal standing before God?
The validity or lack of validity of the cultural significance of the name to the Filipino belongs to a separate discussion.
Our purpose for now is simply to recognize that, except for a few individuals, the form of address is culturally very significant to the Filipino.
Foreign missionaries lessen their effectiveness when they disregard or take lightly this Filipino cultural trait; and
we Filipino Christians, schooled and trained in Western-oriented universities and exposed to skin-deep Western culture
in our urban communities, should be careful not to run roughshod over the sensibilities of our own people. The demands
of the Gospel are already offensive to sinful men. Let us not make it more offensive by our culturally insensitive manners.
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10.5
Philippines National Anthem
English Translation
Land of the morning
Child of the sun returning
With fervor burning
Thee do our souls adore.
Land dear and holy,
Cradle of noble heroes,
Ne'er shall invaders
Trample thy sacred shores.
Ever within thy skies and through thy clouds
And o'er thy hills and seas;
Do we behold thy radiance, feel the throb
Of glorious liberty.
Thy banner dear to all hearts
Its sun and stars alright,
Oh, never shall its shining fields
Be dimmed by tyrants might.
Beautiful land of love, oh land of light,
In thine embrace 'tis rapture to lie;
But it is glory ever when thou art wronged
For us thy sons to suffer and die.
10.6
Lupang Hinirang
Official version used since 1956
Bayang magiliw
Perlas ng Silanganan,
Alab ng puso,
Sa dibdib mo'y buhay.
Lupang Hinirang,
Duyan ka ng magiting,
Sa manlulupig,
Di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok,
Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw,
May dilag ang tula
At awit sa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo'y
Tagumpay na nagniningning,
Ang bituin at araw niya
Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim.
Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati't pagsinta,
Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya, na pag may mang-aapi
Ang mamatay nang dahil sa iyo.
Commonly Used Tagalog Words And Phrases
The following are commonly used Tagalog words and phrases. They will acquaint you with the sounds of the Tagalog
language as well as giving you a head start in language learning. It will help to make note that there are no silent vowels. They are all sounded. Usually all vowels only have one sound. A as in America; E as in Enter; I has an “e” sound
as in Event; O as in Open; U has an “oo” sound as in moo. When “ay” occur together, they sound like the letter I. So
the Tagalog word “may” is pronounced like the Englis word “my”.
1.
Sir/Madam (a title of respect)..............…….
Po, Ho
2.
Yes.........................................………………
Opo, Oo
3.
No..........................................………………
Hindi
4.
Thank you...................................…………..
Salamat
5.
You're welcome..............................………..
Walang anuman
6.
There is, have.............................…………..
Mayroon (or the short version is) May
There is still some........................………….
Mayroon pa
There is some now.........................………..
Mayroon na
7.
There is none, have not....................………
Wala (ex. May asawa ka na? Wala pa.)
(Do you have a wife/husband? Not yet)
There is none yet..........................…………
Wala pa
There is no more...........................………..
Wala na
8.
Good morning...............................………..
Magandang umaga
9.
Good noontime (11AM - 1PM)..........………
Magandang tanghali
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36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
Good afternoon.............................………..
Good evening..............................…………
Someone's here!............................……….
The payment, sir (when giving fare to driver).
Stop here, please..........................………..
To the side................................…………..
To the left................................……………
To the right...............................……………
Straight ahead.............................…………
Will you come along?.......................……..
How are you?...............................…………
Fine........................................……………..
What?......................................…………….
What time is it now?.......................……….
What is love in Tagalog?...................……..
What is your name?..........................………
I am Lorna.................................……………
Lorna is my name...........................………..
Who?.......................................……………..
Who is your companion?.....................…….
Where? (location of a person or thing)........
Where? (location of an act).................……
Where is he/she?............................……….
Where are you going?........................…….
Why?........................................…………….
a. How many?...............................………..
b. How many children do you have?………
When?.......................................…………..
When did you arrive in the Philippines?.......
Which?......................................……………
Which do you want?..........................………
How?........................................……………..
How are you going?.........................……….
Whose?......................................……………
Whose house is that?....................…………
How much?..................................………….
How much is this dress?.....................……..
We will be leaving now.....................……….
I know.....................................………………
I don't know...............................…………….
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
I understand................................…………..
I don't understand..........................…………
I want water...............................…………….
I don't like/want..........................…………….
May I ask a question?.......................……….
Just a minute...............................……………
Too bad! What a waste!........................
Let's go!...................................………………
This...................................……………………
That........................................……………….
Here..........................................
There......................................……………….
Come here!.................................……………
Happen what may!.......................…………..
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Magandang hapon
Magandang gabi
Tao po!
Ang bayad po
Para po dito
Sa tabi lang po
Sa kaliwa
Sa kanan
Diretso
Sasama ka ba?
Kumusta ka?
Mabuti po naman
Ano?
Anong oras na?
Ano sa Tagalog ang love?
Ano ang pangalan mo?
Ako si Lorna
Lorna ang pangalan ko.
Sino?
Sino ang kasama mo?
Nasaan?
Saan
Nasaan siya?
Saan ka pupunta?
Bakit?
Ilan?
Ilan ang anak ninyo?
Kailan?
Kailan ka dumating sa Pilipinas?
Alin?
Alin ang gusto mo?
Paano?
Paano ka pupunta?
Kanino?
Kanino ang bahay na iyan?
Magkano?
Magkano ang damit na ito?
Aalis na kami
Alam ko
Hindi ko alam
Ewan ko
Naintindihan ko
Hindi ko naintindihan
Gusto ko ng tubig
Ayoko
Pwede ho bang magtanong?
Sandali lang
Sayang!
Tayo na!
Ito
Iyon
Dito
Doon
Halika!
Bahala na!
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64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
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96.
97.
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99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
Sometimes..................................……………
Wake-up!...................................…………….
Never mind.................................……………
No so....................................…………………
Wait!.......................................……………….
Please don't (do something)...................
No more. Thank you........................………..
It's up to you...........................………………..
Hurry!........................................……………..
Later on (today)..........................……………..
Earlier (today)............................……………..
Go on! Get going!.........................…………..
It's all right! It's enough..............……………..
Is it true?...................................………………
Right! Correct!............................……………
Oops, that's wrong!........................………….
Maybe.......................................……………..
Really?.....................................……………..
How beautiful!..............................…………..
Long life! (greeting).......................………….
Yesterday...................................……….
Today.......................................……………..
Tomorrow.................................……………..
One........................................……………….
Two...........................................…………….
Three.......................................………………
Four..........................................…………….
Five..........................................…………….
Six......................................………………….
Seven.......................................……………..
Eight.........................................…………….
Nine..........................................…………….
Ten...................................…………………..
Sunday/week.................................…………
Day, also sun...............................…………
Month, also moon...........................……….
Year..........................................…………..
How old are you now?........................…….
I......................................…………………..
We (not including you).......................…………….
We (including you)
You...........................................…………..
You (more than one)..........................………..
Him/her....................................…………….
They.......................................……………..
Snack/refreshment..........................………
Breakfast...................................…………..
Lunch.......................................……………
Supper......................................…………..
Family......................................…………..
Mother......................................…………..
Father.....................................…………….
Child......................................……………..
Brother/sister.............................……….…
Grandpa/grandma............................…….
Kung minsan
Gising na!
Hindi bale
Hindi naman
Teka!
Huwag na lang!
Huwag na. Salamat
Bahala ka
Dali!
Mamaya
Kanina
Sige na!
Tama na!
Totoo ba? (ba is a question particle)
Tama!
Aaay! Mali!
Siguro
Talaga?
Ang ganda!
Mabuhay!
Kahapon
Ngayon
Bukas
Isa
Dalawa
Tatlo
Apat
Lima
Anim
Pito
Walo
Siyam
Sampu
Linggo
Araw
Buwan
Taon
Ilan taon ka na ngayon?
Ako
Kami
Tayo
Ikaw
Kayo
Siya
Sila
Merienda
Almusal
Tanghalian
Hapunan
Pamilya
Nanay/Inay
Tatay/Itay
Anak
Kapatid
Lolo/Lola
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124.
125.
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127.
128.
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130.
131.
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133.
134.
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136.
137.
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139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
162.
163.
164.
165.
166.
167.
168.
169.
170.
a. Wife/husband............................……..
b. Relative..............................……..
Monday......................................………..
Tuesday....................................…………
Wednesday...................................……..
Thursday....................................……….
Friday........................................……….
Saturday...................................………..
Food........................................…………
Rice (cooked)...............................………
Water.......................................…………
Bread.......................................………….
Fish........................................…………..
Meat..........................................………..
Pig.........................................…………..
Chicken....................................………...
Egg...........................................………..
Vegetable..................................………..
Salt........................................…………..
Sugar.......................................…………
Work/job....................................……….
Missionary (female/male)......................
Bargain.....................................……….
Fruit.......................................…………
Banana......................................……..
Pineapple...................................……..
Mango.......................................………
Coffee......................................……….
Change, loose coins.........................….
Change (balance returned after payment)....
Dog...........................................………
Heart.........................................……….
Hair........................................…………
Hand........................................……….
Foot..........................................……….
Head........................................………..
Nose........................................………..
Boy...........................................………
Girl........................................…………
Market......................................……….
Movie.......................................……….
Church......................................………
Jesus Christ................................…….
God.........................................………..
Holy Spirit.................................………
Farm........................................……….
Small Town..................................……
Path/road/street............................…..
Househelper................................…….
Transportation fare.........................….
Plate.........................................………
Shoes.......................................………
Dress.......................................………
Drink.........................................……..
Hunger......................................……..
Asawa
Kamag-anak
Lunes
Martes
Miyerkules
Huwebes
Biyernes
Sabado
Pagkain
Kanin
Tubig
Tinapay
Isda
Karne
Baboy
Manok
Itlog
Gulay
Asin
Asukal
Trabaho
Misyonera/misyonero
Tawad
Fruit
Saging
Pinya
Mangga
Kape
Barya
Sukli
Aso
Puso
Buhok
Kamay
Paa
Ulo
Ilong
Lalaki
Babae
Palengke
Sine
Simbahan
Hesu Kristo
Diyos
Banal na Espirito
Bukid
Barrio
Daan
Katulong
Pamasahe
Plato/pinggan
Sapatos
Damit
Inom
Gutom
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180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
Rain..........................................…….
Wind........................................………
Typhoon/strom...............................…
Soap........................................……..
Thongs/slippers.............................…
I love you..................................……..
Towel.......................................………
Comb........................................……..
To eat.....................................………..
Hot.........................................………..
Cold (coffee, water, etc.)....................
Cold (weather)..............................…..
Large/big..................................……...
Small.......................................………
Nice..........................................……..
Tired.......................................……….
Cheap.......................................……..
Expensive/dear..............................…..
I am sick...................................………
Few......................................……….
Just a little................................……...
Bad/evil...................................………..
Ugly........................................………..
Beautiful...................................………
Child/kid...................................………
Adult.........................................……..
Variety store...............................……
Refreshment drink (mix-mix)..............
Prohibited..................................……..
Money.......................................……..
Living room................................……..
Garbage/trash...............................……
Question...................................……….
Answer......................................……….
New...........................................………
Old (clothing, etc. not people)...........................
Ulan
Hangin
Bagyo
Sabon
Tsinelas
Mahal kita
Tuwalya
Suklay
Kumain
Mainit
Malamig
Maginaw
Malaki
Maliit
Mabait
Pagod
Mura
Mahal
May sakit ako
Kaunti
Kaunti lang
Masama
Pangit
Maganda
Bata
Matanda
Sari-sari
Halo-halo
Bawal
Pera/kuarta
Sala
Basura
Tanong
Sagot
Bago
Luma
QUESTION WORDS
1.
Who?.......................................………...
2.
What?.......................................………..
3.
Where?......................................……….
4.
When?.......................................……….
5.
Why?........................................………..
6.
How?........................................…………
7.
Which?......................................……….
8.
Whose?.....................................……….
9.
How much?...................................……
10.
How many?...................................……
Sino?
Ano?
Saan?
Kailan?
Bakit?
Paano
Alin?
Kanino?
Magkano?
Ilan?
WHEN SHOPPING
1.
How much does this cost?......................
2.
It is expensive!............................……….
3.
Is there a bargain?........................………
Magkano ito?
Ang mahal!
May tawad ba?
WHEN GIVING DIRECTIONS TO TAXI OR PERSON
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
To the left.................................…………
To the right................................………..
Straight ahead..............................………
To the side.................................……….
Stop here please............................……..
INTRODUCTIONS
1.
What's your name?...........................…..
2.
Lorna is my name............................……
3.
I am Lorna..................................………..
4.
She is Brenda...............................………
Sa kaliwa
Sa kanan
Diretso
Sa tabi lang ho
Para ho dito
Ano'ng pangalan mo?
Lorna ang pangalan ko
Ako si Lorna
Siya ay si Brenda
WORDS AND QUESTIONS USED WHEN TALKING ABOUT GOD
1.
Jesus Christ................................………..
Hesu Kristo
2.
Holy Spirit.................................…………
Banal na Espirito
3.
Father......................................………….
Ama
4.
Sin.........................................…………..
Kasalanan
5.
Bible.........................................…………
Bibliya
6.
Do you believe there is God?..................
Naniniwala ba kayo na may Diyos?
7.
Do you believe that all people have sin?
Naniniwala ba kayo na may kasalanan ang lahat ng
mga tao?
8.
Do you believe that Jesus died for our sin?
Naniniwala ba kayo na namatay si Hesus para sa ating
kasalanan?
“I am the Way, the Truth, and the Life, no one comes to the Father except through Me”. (John 14:6)
“Ako ang Daan, ang Katotohanan at ang Buhay, walang makapupunta sa Ama kundi sa
pamamagitan Ko”. (Juan 14:6)
9.
10.
“For God so loved the world that He gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish
but have eternal life”. (John 3:16)
“Gayon na lamang ang pag-ibig ng Diyos sa sanlibutan, kaya ibinigay niya ang kanyang bugtong na
Anak, upang ang sumampalataya sa kanya ay hindi mapahamak, kundi magkaroon ng buhay na walang hanggan”. (Juan 3:16)
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ACTION Philippines Long-term Missionary Orientation Manual
11 Guide for Volunteers Who Work in the
Philippines
Second Edition
Prepared by Phillip Brewster
October 1999
PHILIPPINE BAPTIST MISSION
2444 TAFT AVENUE, MANILA
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 3 Ministry and Evangelism in
the Filipino Context
CHAPTER 1 Filipinos and Their Culture
I. Relationships—Essential for Ministry
II. Methods for Evangelism
III. Evangelism—A Process
The Evangelistic Meeting
I. Understanding the Filipino Way of Life
II. Do’s and Don’ts in Philippine Villages
III. Living With Your Filipino Family
CHAPTER 2 Barriers to Evangelism
I. Filipino Roman Catholics
A. Who are the Filipino Catholics
B. Common Catholic Misunderstandings of
the Gospel
C. Common Catholic Practices that Lead to
Bondage
D. Common Social Pressures that Hinder
Catholic Conversions
E. Approaching Filipino Catholics
F. Testing for the Catholic Convert
CHAPTER 4 Staying Healthy in the Philippines
I. First Line of Defense – Know Your Present Health
II. Second Line of Defense – Immunizations
III. Third Line of Defense – Common Sense
and Health Rules
IV. Fourth Line of Defense – Active Medication
II. Prominent Sects/Cults
A. Jehovah’s Witnesses
B. Iglesia ni Cristo
C. Mormons
D. Seventh Day Adventists
E. Others
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11.1
Introduction
With the opportunities and privileges we are given for ministry, God also outlines basic responsibilities and attitudes that we should maintain for effective service. There are key thoughts which
must be kept in mind as you prepare for your time as a volunteer in the Philippines.
Above all, the Filipino pastors and missionaries desire volunteers who are spiritually strong and
totally committed to serving Jesus Christ. Nothing will have a greater influence on the lives of the
unsaved than your personal walk with God. Paul stated it plainly when he told the Ephesians, “We
are to grow up in all aspects into Him, who is the head, even Christ” (Ephesians 4:15). Your personal
relationship with God must be your first priority.
Your work will not be a typical 8 to 5 job. Like Christ’s ministry, it will involve the 24-hour interaction of living, working, and sharing Him with all kinds of people. Christ said of Himself, “For
even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many”
(Mark 10:45). Maintaining this attitude will mean a consistent effort on your part to work cooperatively and creatively with pastors, missionaries and others. Remember, the way they do things is not
necessarily wrong, just different. You will have numerous opportunities to apply the simple, clear
commands of Scripture, “Do all things without murmuring...” “In everything give thanks...” Your
work is to be complementary and supportive of the local missionaries and pastors. Take it on with
enthusiasm and excitement!
WELCOME TO THE PHILIPPINES! Scattered as emeralds
in the glittering sea, seven thousand islands stretch over a thousand miles from north to south. Rice fields carpet the archipelago
with nature’s resources and a food supply matched by few of the
third world nations. The Filipino people trace their ancestry from
many cultures but come mainly from Malay stock. Numbering
about 67 million and doubling every twenty seven years, their
happy disposition and sparkling eyes blend to make them the
friendliest people on earth.
The visitor to the islands is impressed with the use of English, though 87 different languages and dialects are spoken in the
streets and marketplaces. Tagalog (tah-Gah-log), one of the major dialects, was made the official language in 1940. Gradually
this national language is becoming the medium of communication. At the close of the Spanish-American War in 1898 the Philippines was ceded to the United States by Spain. Except for the
years of Japanese occupation during World War II, the United States governed the islands until July
4, 1946, when the Philippines was granted independence.
The Republic of the Philippines is meeting the challenge to demonstrate democratic principles in
Southeast Asia. Individual freedom, including freedom of speech and religion is the birthright of every Filipino.
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11.2
Filipinos and Their Culture
11.2.1
Understanding the Filipino Way of Life – by Thomas Steers
(The following article is taken from a chapter of a mimeographed booklet by Thomas Steers
of the Navigators titled TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHILIPPINES
(1975:pp15-25). Navigators has given us permission to reprint this section.)
NOTE: The following experiences and characterizations are meant to be illustrative and
more or less typical for any missionary coming to the Philippines. You will notice Filipinos have
a high regard for social acceptance. By learning many of the signs, symbols, cues and mannerisms, you will not only understand more, but also you will become more socially acceptable. Also, it will help to pay special attention to the sections on ‘Smooth Interpersonal Relationships.’
The ability to get along with people is key. This was the trait that 90 percent of 2,248 barrio
leaders and farmers said was most needed in Peace Corps workers. They were polled after Peace
Corps workers had lived and worked with them for two or three years.
Joe West hits town
Joe West, an excited and eager new missionary recruit, flies into NAIA on one of PAL’s big DC
10’s from San Francisco. Somewhat bewildered and fascinated, he starts moving around Manila observing and learning about the differences in his way of living and the Filipino way. After three
weeks he jots down these:
1. Raising of the eyebrow can either mean “hello,” “yes” or “approval.”
2. Sometimes Filipinos point to something not with a finger but with puckered lips.
3. Many seem to prefer a limp handshake rather than the aggressive American one.
4. To call someone near, they don’t use the index finger, but use the American ‘Bye-Bye’
sign—fingers moving up and down and hand in a downward position.
5. To attract someone’s attention, like a friend in a crowd, a waitress, or a taxi driver, a sound
is made through the teeth sounding like “tss-tss.”
6. To pass in between two or more people talking, a Filipino will sort of bow down and put his
hand out as if parting the way.
7. There doesn’t seem to be anything like waiting in lines. It’s more like a scramble system
and first come, first serve.
8. Instead of a fork, Filipinos use a spoon. The fork, in the left hand, is something like a bulldozer.
9. At restaurants most people wipe their silverware and plate with a paper napkin before eating.
10. Sometimes having a glass of water is a sign of being finished with your meal, and also a
valid reason for not taking “seconds” or “thirds.”
11. At church, concerts or meetings where you would expect contemplative silence, there may
be adults or children talking or wandering around.
12. People keep saying “oh-oh,” meaning “yes.” But to American ears it means a problem or
mistake.
13. For young people it is normal for them to “tease” other members of their group if there is
any chance that the two might like each other or are somehow meant for each other.
14. There are no bathrooms, only comfort rooms.
15. Filipinos love picture taking and speech making.
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16. They are more sensitive about styles, clothes, hair, nails. They have high neatness and personal cleanliness standards.
Joe West meets Juan de la Cruz
Juan de la Cruz is sipping a Sarsi soft drink at Luming’s Cafeteria when Joe West comes in and
plops down on an adjacent stool. Juan looks at Joe, smiles, and asks, “Where did you come from?”
Joe says, “The States.” Then Juan asks, “Are you working in Manila?” Joe answered, “No, I’m a
missionary.” “Ah, how do you like the Philippines?” Juan asks again. Even though Joe is having a
tough time with the heat and some of those new foods, he says, “It’s great, the people are certainly
friendly.”
At this point, Joe had finished his Pepsi and could have left politely. But he also could have reversed the conversation so that he was the one now asking the questions. If he’s busy and in a rush,
he could go ahead. But if he stays, he could gain a new friend. Joe chooses to stay . . . and sure
enough Juan became his friend.
Making appointments or inviting someone to something
After their talk, Joe West and Juan de la Cruz decided to meet again the next day at Luming’s to
visit the Parks and Wildlife Park. But Juan did not show up. Joe traced back their conversation. Juan
had said “yes,” that he would be here. Joe was puzzled, so he asked Luming about it .... Luming explained it this way:
1. First of all, it’s only the first time you two met. There’s not much of a relationship.
2. Maybe he said “yes,” but really meant: “I can’t come, but I don’t want to hurt your feelings
by saying ‘no.’
3. Maybe he said “yes,” but really meant “I’d like to come, but I’m not sure you really want
me to come. Please insist that I do.”
4. Or maybe he said “yes,” but really meant “I’ll probably meet you more or less at that time,
but I can’t promise, something might come up.”
As time went on, Joe learned two other things about making appointments. One, people don’t
always make it on time. And two, he learned not to invite someone casually for pelota, Bible study,
or anything. To be sure the invitation is sincere, the Filipino may need to be invited two or three
times and be escorted by Joe himself.
Unexpected first visit
Joe West dropped in on Juan for the first time quite unexpectedly. Juan was rather nervous, embarrassed and apologetic. Joe was surprised at Juan’s reactions. So he asked about it. Juan said, “For
the house to be worthy of guests, especially foreigners, we like the floors to be freshly waxed, the
walls scrubbed and if possible new curtains.”
Blowouts
Juan de la Cruz invites Joe West to what he called a “blowout.” Joe was confused. Juan said his
father was celebrating his birthday and there would be a lot of food to eat . . . and drinks for the
drinkers. Juan said blowouts are usually given on people’s birthday, or when a child is baptized, and
sometimes when someone gets promoted or passes his exams. Also some richer people have a big
blowout for their daughter’s 18th birthday—her debut. The biggest blowout of the year is the town
fiesta in the provinces when all the relatives meet and take lots of choice foods. Blowouts could be
just a small merienda or meal for a few close friends.
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Later, Joe decides to have a blowout for a friend he made, a gas station manager who was moving to Baguio. Since it would probably be the last time they would see each other, Joe told Ricardo
that they would go to a fancy Japanese restaurant as their last meal. When Joe went to pick up Ricardo he had invited someone else. Joe thought the other fellow would pay for himself ... but when the
bill was presented, Joe was the only one to make a move. He found out later that inviting someone
else to something you were invited to is normal.
Visiting a Filipino home
Joe West shows up at Juan’s house at the appointed time to celebrate Mr. de la Cruz ’ s
birthday. Joe and Juan spend most of their time talking together because Mr. de la Cruz thinks his
English is too poor. He’s “d’yahi” (embarrassed) to talk with Joe. And Mrs. de la Cruz is busy with
her daughters preparing the foods. One of Juan’s younger brother keeps running errands for Nanay
(mother). It seems like the whole neighborhood is helping with the preparations.
The time to eat came. Joe went quickly to the table to sit down. But none of the other visitors
came. Slowly, as they were coaxed several times by the de la Cruz’s, they came to the table. They
wanted Joe to sit at the head of the table. Mr. and Mrs. de la Cruz had no place to sit! Juan leaned
over and whispered to Joe, “It’s our custom to have visitors eat first. My parents and brothers and
sisters will eat in a little bit.”
There was plenty of food to eat. Joe noticed Mrs. de la Cruz whispering something to a friend as
they both were looking at Joe’s plate. Clean! And all the bowls of meat and fish around him were
empty. Joe didn’t want to leave anything for waste. But he wondered what they had been whispering
about. Juan came to his rescue again. Juan said that Filipinos usually leave some food on their plate
and in the dishes to signify that there was plenty of food and that they are satisfied. Empty plates and
dishes means that the guest is not yet full . . . how embarrassing for the host!
Visiting a party, touching a girl
Juan de la Cruz invites Joe West to a party. Joe found that the ladies all gathered on one side of
the room and the guys on the other. They didn’t mix together much. And Joe sees men touching each
other by the hands or arm around shoulders, and the ladies likewise. But he doesn’t see men and ladies showing affection towards each other, vice versa from his background.
Over by the merienda table, Joe starts talking to Juan’s sister, Rosa. To make a point in a friendly, warm way, Joe put his hand on Rosa’s shoulder. Quite unexpectedly, Rosa said, “Excuse me,”
and headed out of the room. Later Juan explained to Joe that a man should never touch a girl like that
or pinch, poke or pat her. But conversely, in the Filipino society, females are sometimes allowed to
pinch, poke, or slap the males. Only the males cannot do that.
Death – wakes
Juan’s uncle died so Joe ends up at the wake (all-night vigils usually lasting three days after the
death). During those nights, Joe made these observations:
1. There was no restraint in expressing sorrow, tears or outcries.
2. Many of the visitors to the wake gave money, food or helped serve. (Coffee and biscuits are
served every few hours.)
3. Many visitors come: relatives, friends, and friends of friends. They may gamble, sing, a few
may drink, play games. Some fall asleep. Most of the people go home at dark. But the close
friends and relatives stay all night.
4. Humor or gaiety is not disrespectful or improper during the wake. Actually, it meets the
goal of the visitors to give comfort and amusement to a tragic situation.
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Cultural weaknesses
Joe West was reading a school textbook, Philippine Social Life and Progress, at Juan’s house.
He came upon a section by the Filipino authors describing their own cultural weaknesses:
1. “Mañana habit” – putting off for tomorrow what we can do today.
2. “Ningas Kugon” – very lively and enthusiastic only at the beginning, but not strong to follow through and finish. Example: Repeated tries of the government to stop jaywalking.
3. Indolence – explained by a quote from former President Quezon: “We work slowly and
scantily. We are afraid to exert ourselves in toil. We prefer a life of ease and take pride in it
not knowing that there is dignity only in work. We feel no compunction in living on the labor of others.”
“We must remember that our national income is lower than that of many of our Oriental
neighbors. Our government needs more revenue for its expansion. Our diet as a people is far
from satisfactory and adequate. We can attain prosperity, health, and happiness only
through industry, and thrift.”
4. “Gaya-gaya” – non-original or inventive but imitative. Imitating western clothes or music,
for example.
5. “Sugal” (gambling) – Filipinos love different kinds of gambling like: mahjong, a Chinese
game played by four people with decorated tiles.
6. “Pamahiin” – superstitious beliefs or folklore mostly in the provinces, especially regarding
births, sickness, marriages, and fate.
Shopping-bargaining (“tawad”)
Juan takes Joe to a hardware store to buy some paint. Joe notices how happy and friendly Juan is
with the manager. Also, they talk for about 10 minutes about a Ginebra-Alaska basketball game. Finally, Juan asks for the paint. He also said, “How about at least P 10.00 off.” The manager said
P 2.00 but he settled for P 5.00 off.
At the Central Market Juan is looking for a mosquito net for Joe. Again Joe noticed Juan is always making small talk with the clerks. Also, they wandered down several aisles pricing the nets
before purchasing one. The same net was being offered for P 18.00, P 15.00 and P 12.00. They went
back to a stall with the P 12.00 net and got it for P 10.50. Juan said the others might have been higher because he was with an Amerikano. . . prices automatically go up.
“Bahala na” (come what may, or, the decision is up to God)
Juan takes Joe to the province for a fiesta. Joe could hardly believe his eyes when he saw all the
food. Then he noticed later that many people were leaving considerable food on their plates. Joe
knew the relatives of Juan could not afford the expense of such food and waste, so he asked Juan.
Juan said it was part of the “bahala na” attitude, the Filipino’s optimistic resignation to fate. Juan
said even though his relatives only eat dried fish and rice for the next year, they must provide in this
way for their guests.
Once Joe asked Juan about the squatters. Juan said they easily assumed an attitude of “bahala na”
because so much of their lives is controlled by external forces, like floods or politicians. They just
take it one day at a time, even if it means going without some basic necessities.
“Suwerte” (luck)
Juan takes Joe over to meet Atong, Juan’s cousin. Atong is a manager of several fishponds. Joe
admires and praises Atong for his nice house, car and beautiful wife. Atong shrugs it off and men-
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tioned the word, “suwerte.” Juan explained after they left, “usually Filipinos don’t give themselves
very much credit for their abilities or for their own efforts. They have some sort of optimistic fatalism like in the proverb ‘Ang kapalaran ko di ko man hanapin, dudulog, lalapit, kung talagang akin.’
That means, even if I don’t look for my fortune or destiny, it will come if it is meant for me.”
Smooth interpersonal relationship – “pakikisama”
Juan and Joe are going to an office when they pass by some of Juan’s “barkada” (buddies). It
looks like they are drinking San Miguel together. They call out for the two to join them. But Juan
said they were heading to the office. But one of the “barkada” members said, “Ah, just one drink for
‘pakikisama’ sake.”
At this, Juan took Joe over to the group. Juan’s lesson later was this: “Pakikisama is conforming
or bending to the will of the group.” When not going along with the group pressure, a potential individualist might be asked, “Wala ka bang pakikisama? ” (don’t you have any concept of togetherness?)
Smooth interpersonal relationships – the go-between
Juan is very eager to marry Evelyn. She is positive towards him but the parents are the main hurdle. Juan acquires the assistance of his friend, Engr. Gonzales, who is known for his skillful mediating as a go-between. He approaches Evelyn’s parents with great smoothness and wit. After some
jovial small talk, Engr. Gonzales makes some inference about the possibility of marriage for Evelyn.
The parents don’t seem to be positive, so he cleverly points out the benefits of such a possibility
without mentioning Juan’s name. By the end of the conversation the parents do agree it is time for
Evelyn to consider marriage. Engr. Gonzales goes back and tells Juan to get his parents ready to go
visit Evelyn’s parents.
Joe, riding on a motorcycle, smacks into Lito, who is driving a bicycle. The front wheel of the
bicycle is mangled. It really was Lito’s fault but he is too angry. Joe acquires the assistance of an
older man nearby to act as a go-between. The old man found out that both parties thought the other
was in the wrong. The old man suggested to Joe that he take the blame to avoid the police being involved. Joe did that and paid for the mangled wheel. After payment, Joe and Lito shook hands.
Smooth interpersonal relationships – “amor propio”
Juan let out a big laugh. Joe had just asked him why Magellan lost his head to Lapu-Lapu. “It’s
probably because Magellan wasn’t sensitive to the ‘amor propio,’ ” said Juan. “Filipinos have a high
sense of personal worth and individual dignity. They have been described as having a ‘relentless
pride of granite hard quality, yet of crystal like fragility.’ Anything can break this fragile crystal—
especially negative remarks or criticism. Actually there are some sayings in the dialects which say
anything is preferable before criticism. It could be a Filipino will react quickly seeking revenge if he
has lost face like this. This is why some people have described us as “too sensitive.”
Ric and Joe have a relationship problem. Before, Joe with controlled anger chewed out Ric for
consistently being undisciplined about not showing up on time to Bible study, completing his study,
and scripture memory work. Now Ric has not been around for several weeks. Joe goes to Juan to find
out why. According to Juan, Joe’s mistakes were these:
1. Joe did not warm up Ric before making his rebuke by small talk.
2. Joe did not appear to be friendly, but angry—an emotion reserved for enemies.
3. Joe did not give a vague, general warning first to prepare Ric for the main rebuke.
4. Joe did not assure his love, concern and friendship after his rebuke.
5. Joe did not understand that Ric now felt utterly rejected after such harsh criticism.
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Smooth interpersonal relationships—“hiya”
Joe expected Juan to go to the barangay meeting. But Juan heard that his friends would be there
with polo barongs on. Joe asked Juan about going and Juan said he would be there. At the meeting,
Juan did not show up. Reason: Juan did not own a barong to wear.
Joe, being weary from cultural stress, decided to stay a few days at a guest house. The housegirls
wanted to ask Joe to eat an early dinner so they could go to the movies, but they couldn’t muster
enough boldness to approach him.
Juana knows she is not beautiful—she’s missing a front tooth so is very ashamed. Therefore, she
rarely smiles at people or looks at them when talking even though as a happy Christian she wants to.
Someone borrowed Joe’s pelota ball and happened to destroy it. But it was returned neatly to its
place and no one mentioned anything about it.
An American said to a 5-year-old boy, “Kumusta ka?” The boy ran to his mother and hid his face
in her skirt.
NOTE: This quality of “hiya” is said to be the major control system for Filipino behavior. From
three years on up, Filipinos learn to behave in a socially acceptable way. “Hiya” is a very painful reaction or feeling inside of inferiority, embarrassment, shyness, or of alienation. They are “shamed”
into acting such and such a way.
Americans would ask, “Is it right or wrong?” Filipinos, “What will the other people say?”
Smooth interpersonal relationships—“walang hiya”
Juan’s aunt said Cora is “walang hiya.” Joe asked what she had meant. The explanation was this:
“Since Cora got married to that PC colonel, she does whatever she wants, even if it’s bad or not approved, and she doesn’t show me any respect anymore.”
Juan said Carlos is “walang hiya.” Carlos and Juan were strong friends. But Carlos had moved
into Juan’s home. Later, when Carlos moved out he took Juan’s shoes and umbrella!
A jeepney driver speeds past some pedestrians trying to cross the street. One elderly lady said,
“walang hiya ang taong ito.”
NOTE: Saying “walang hiya” to a Filipino would be considered a serious insult.
Smooth Interpersonal relationships—giving gifts
It’s Juan de la Cruz’s birthday. Joe West buys a nice book for Juan. Joe gives the gift to Juan,
Juan says, “Thank you” and nonchalantly puts the gift with some others without opening it. Actually,
Joe waits all night for Juan to open the gifts but Juan never does. No one else seems to be concerned.
Joe asks Juan about it. Juan says it’s customary to wait until the guests leave. This helps in two
ways. One, Juan is not caught in an embarrassing situation not knowing how to react to someone’s
gift in their presence. Two, by not opening gifts in front of others, it does not embarrass the people
who gave less expensive gifts.
Also, Juan will not be sending a thank you note to Joe. His thank you was enough. But he will
remember to reciprocate in some way at a later date.
Smooth interpersonal relationships—“utang,” “utang na loob”
Joe and Juan sit down at a “halo-halo” stand. A sign on the glass window said, “walang utang.”
“That means no credit,” said Juan. “Usually when people speak of having ‘utang’ with someone else
it means that they owe them some money. But when they speak of utang na loob that is a debt of
gratitude which cannot be paid back in money. I have utang na loob with my parents, I feel eternally
in debt to them for how they have provided for me and taken care of me. Also, my father has utang
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na loob with Mr. Gonzales, because Mr. Gonzales saved my father’s life 14 years ago when he
rushed my father to the hospital in his car. If he hadn’t done that, the doctor said my father would
have died. Utang na loob is usually paid back by friendship and services whenever the occasion
permits.”
Smooth interpersonal relationships—the smile
Joe was driving a Fiera to Tagaytay with Juan. A 13-year-old boy darted quickly into the path of
the Fiera. Joe slammed on the brakes and swerved narrowly missing the boy. Joe yelled, “Hey,” to
the boy. He wouldn’t look over at Joe—but went on his way, smiling.
Later, Joe watched as a highway patrolman pulled over a fruit truck. The driver jumped out and
walked back to the patrolman—smiling broadly.
Joe remembered watching a Japanese baseball game. Every time a player struck out or made an
error he ended up smiling away his embarrassment.
11.2.2
DO’S & DON’TS in Philippine Villages
BY: DR. JUAN M. FLAVIER
1. DO give the people a way out of an embarrassing situation so they can save face, thus
avoiding embarrassment. Embarrassing them will cause hiya or loss of face. The value of
losing face is certainly very strong for Filipinos. In fact many of the other dynamics to be
mentioned later are based on this particular value.
2. DON’T admire by words relatively small items because the owner becomes obligated to
give them to you. As clearly stated, this applies only to small items that can be readily given
away, e.g. ballpens, plants, pets, wall decors, etc. Appreciation for such things as the house,
household appliances, the children and the like would be greatly valued by the villager.
3. DON’T use the common signal for OK in the village, it means money. You may use the
new sign for OK. This is the thumbs up sign which has been commonly seen on television.
4. DON’T use your forefinger upward to call someone. It is considered degrading. One way of
calling a villager is to beckon with the hand in a downward motion. But remember, don’t
make the arch too wide since this will appear too dominating. “Psst’ is another way to get
someone’s attention. But, don’t yell loudly across the room. It is preferable to call a person
by his name. It is even better to use nicknames because these are reserved for close friends.
5. DON’T call anyone stupid. To the villagers, it is worse than cursing. In addition, never refer
nor compare a villager with an animal. This is an insult, a very degrading thing. Two of the
specific comparisons very much resented by villagers are those with pigs and monkeys.
Some comparisons with animals, however, are not taken as insults by villagers. A good example is parang baka (like a cow), which means being forgetful. In this context, the person
is compared to canned beef. The interesting background of this comparison goes this way:
“The cow was so forgetful that when he went inside the can, he forgot the key on the outside.”
6. DO invite people at least three times. Villagers are taught that it is proper to refuse the first
time or two. To them, insistence is a clear sign that the offer or invitation is genuine.
7. DON’T ever leave without telling your host or hostess you are leaving and give a reason. In
the village, this is called “getting permission.” When you stay in the village, you are under
the protection and responsibility of the household head. Thus, it is expected that you will
seek his permission every time you intend to leave the house to go somewhere else.
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8. When served food, always taste a little even if you don’t care for it. It is always considered
nice to taste a little bit of snack in the house you are visiting because it creates a very interpersonal relationship. If it is something that you cannot really take, then try to get something that you can tolerate from among the other items that are served. For some, coffee will
do, for others, cookies or bananas will serve the purpose. But always remember that it is the
gesture that is very important.
When eating, always leave a little on the plate. This is a sign that you’ve had plenty and
the food is enough. Never make the mistake of consuming everything on your plate because
by doing so, you give the impression that the host has not served you enough; that you have
not eaten enough. And your host will keep putting food on your plate.
9. Avoid wearing sandals (flip-flops) when attending special occasions in the village. Wearing
shoes is a sign that the event is important to you.
10. DON’T open a gift in public without permission from the giver. This is very hard especially
for some Americans because it is the exact opposite of the Western culture where gifts are
expected to be opened and displayed in front of everybody. In the Philippine villages you
are not supposed to open the gift unless allowed. This may be considered as a part of the
losing face value, because the gift may not be expensive enough and thus, may not be appreciated by the recipient.
11. Give food as a gift to the sick, but not flowers. The latter is associated with death. This is
another Filipino value diametrically opposed to the Western culture. In the US, sending of
flowers to a sick person is the best get-well card. In the Philippines, however, where there
are various flowers which are specifically for the dead, foreigners may easily commit the
mistake of sending such flowers to their sick friends.
12. DO befriend the children. Children are excellent entry points in establishing interpersonal
relationships with parents. You can do this quite easily by giving them little gifts such as
candies, cookies, bananas, etc. In the beginning, there may be lots of hesitation on their part
to accept these gifts, especially when their parents are looking. This is because tradition
taught them not to show too much eagerness to accept. To them, doing so is impolite; it’s
crude conduct showing that they are not getting enough at home. Thus, you may have to be
more insistent in giving these little gifts. For the extra shy, you may even have to go to the
extent of putting the candies in their pockets.
13. DON’T correct in public. Do it privately or through a third party. This is again because of
losing face. As a rule, if it is not important, just forget the whole thing.
14. DO bring “pasalubong” when returning from a trip. This shows you thought of them during
your absence. “Pasalubong” means homecoming gift, a small remembrance to be given to
your hosts or their children.
15. DO show respect for age, as this is an important aspect in the village. Use the proper appellations for elders and relations. Find out right away what appellations are used in the family.
By using such appellations, you will see the almost magical transformation in your relationship with the family because they will feel that you are really one of them.
16. DON’T be too particular about the pronouns he or she. There is no distinction for gender in
Filipino. The same word is used for both male or female. Another common problem with
the Filipino language is the confusion in the pronunciation of p and f. Because there is no f
in the Filipino alphabet the tendency is to pronounce f rather than p. Sometimes a speaker
may address his group as “pillow workers,” which has a slightly different connotation than
“fellow workers.” Still with the factor of language learning and using a few Filipino words
during the stay in the village is a very powerful way of saying to the villagers I like you, I
am deeply interested to know more about you.” Common greetings such as kumusta kayo?
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17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
(How are you?); Magandang umaga (Good morning); Magandang gabi (Good evening);
etc. will develop a very deep kind of rapport with your hosts in the village.
If one must refuse, be consistent. Refuse all. Consistency is a prime requisite for smooth relationships in the village. An example to illustrate the point is when a girl is invited by a
gentleman to attend a fellowship with young people in the community. Once she refuses an
invitation from one she must refuse all.
The use of an intermediary is a very acceptable norm for asking and telling.
The reason for this is that it helps avoid a direct confrontation situation, which gives
rise to the losing of face. For instance, there is a need for a worker to transfer residence for
some reason. The person concerned should not be allowed to handle the situation by himself because in doing so, it would become an emotional, personal affront to his present host
in the village. But rather to have someone else, send a letter to his host, explaining the reasons for the transfer and at the same time thanking the host for the help extended to the
worker.
If you wish to be quiet, go to your room or where you can be alone.
Silence with company suggests someone’s dislike for something while talking with
members of the household is considered nice and a sign of good breeding.
Smiling is a sign of friendship and a form of greeting.
DON’T be surprised that children are afraid of you, if you have a mustache or beard.
Filipino parents scare their children into obedience by threats of being eaten by
strangers, especially the so-called bombay in the villages. These bombay were the early entrepreneurs from India who went to the villages to sell their goods. The image of these
bearded and turbaned men who became a tradition in the Philippine villages was usually
used by mothers to make their children behave.
DON’T lend money! Repayment is a problem and often results in ill will.
Those who stay in the village for quite a long time may experience this problem. First of
all, there may be a misunderstanding whether it is really borrowing or not. In some cases, it
may just be a symbolic way of asking for money. So, the first thing to do is to make a clear
distinction between these two. This problem may become serious enough to destroy the relationships you have established in the village (church). Here are some ways of handling
such situations:
a. Investigate the need. If you must help, be sure it is for the right things.
b. Zero in on that particular need. If possible, get the money to the purpose intended, e.g.
hospital, rather than course it through the person asking.
c. If he is borrowing an amount which, you know, he cannot repay, just give him no more
than fifty percent or less as an outright gift which need not be repaid.
Acceptance of fictive relationships is enjoyed and appreciated. A fictive relationship means
a relationship which is neither legal nor by blood. However, though it may be fictitious, it is
definitely real in the village. When you call the household head tatay, although he is not really your father, you are developing a fictive relationship which makes you feel you are a
member of the family.
DON’T expect promptness nor precision from the villagers. This is not their way of life.
In the village, the sense of time is really quite distorted, however, you may be able to influence them to be on time for the next scheduled activity by being there yourself ahead of
time. Filipinos are event oriented not time oriented. A birthday party is an event and when
the party starts is of very little importance.
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In the village, there is also imprecision in matters of time, distance, place, amounts and other
things. For example, a farmer probably will not tell the exact amount of his rice harvest for fear that
his income will be reported to the Bureau of Internal Revenue.
CONCLUSION
These do’s and don’ts are not all encompassing rather, they are general statements intended to
help missionaries who are strangers to the Philippines. The main excitement of working in the Philippines is that it is so unpredictable. These 24 guides are suggestive lines to help strangers cope with
a different culture than their own. It will make your stay more enjoyable.
11.2.3
Living with your Filipino Family
Meals/food
1. Inform your host family when you arrive if you are allergic to any foods.
2. Ask your host family what time they eat their meals and tell them in advance if you will be
late for a meal or will miss a meal for any reason.
3. If you are sick and prefer not to eat, inform your host family ahead of a meal.
4. Your host family may serve you separately from the rest of the family. Many times guests
are served separately so they can serve the guest special food. However, if the food prepared for you is the same as the entire family, you as a guest may be served with the rest of
the family.
5. Filipinos eat using a spoon in their right hand and a fork in their left. The fork is used to position food on the spoon. There will probably be no knife or napkin.
6. You should try a little of all foods prepared for you. Then after you have tried it, you may
tell them you are really full or have enough.
7. At meals, if you eat too little your host may think you don’t like their food and will go out
of their way (and budget) to prepare you American type foods. Do eat what you need. When
you are full, leave a little on the plate or you may be served more.
8. You will probably be served rice three meals a day. Occasionally, you may be served bread
instead of rice for breakfast. Fish is a frequent part of the Filipino diet. Due to the high cost
of meat, Filipinos will sparingly use beef, pork and chicken in their daily meals.
9. Be aware that some food items such as milk, Tang and bottled water, though generally
available, are very expensive. Please do not ask that these items be provided for you. Soft
drinks, and beverages made from boiled water such as tea and coffee are readily available.
Accommodations/Facilities/Laundry
1. You may or may not have your own room.
2. A typical American style bed may not be available for you. Sleeping arrangements may be
just a woven mat or a wooden slat bed with no mattress. You can be assured you will probably have the best the family has to offer.
3. You may need to use a mosquito net or mosquito repellent at night while sleeping even if
there are screens on the house.
4. The bathroom is called a “CR” which is short for “Comfort Room.” There is usually no toilet paper or shower. You will probably need to supply your own toilet paper and learn to
take a bath using buckets of cold water.
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5. As there are few washing machines, your laundry will probably be washed by hand. Ask
your host what days they will wash your clothes and where you should put them for washing. Plan your clothing needs as it may take 2 to 3 days to get back your washed clothes.
Drying clothes takes time, especially in rainy weather.
Dress/Appearance
1. Casual dress is appropriate around the house. This can be walking shorts, t-shirts, and
thongs for men. Long shorts, pants, t-shirts, house dresses, and thongs are appropriate for
women.
2. For church visiting, Bible studies, meetings, shopping, etc., casual dress is NOT proper.
Men should wear long pants, shirts with collars either plain or knit polo, shoes and socks.
Ladies should be in skirts or dresses with preferably closed toe shoes or dress sandals. Hemlines should be knee length or below. No low necklines, tank tops or spaghetti straps. Watch
your pastor and his wife as your example.
3. In the pulpit, a Filipino pastor will normally wear a “barong.” These are also very appropriate for visiting crusade speakers. These can be purchased locally “ready-to-wear” or “tailormade” for $15 to $25. However, it is also appropriate for a speaker to wear a nice dress
shirt with either open-collar or tie. Long sleeves are considered very dressy and short
sleeves less dressy. Business suits and dress coats are out of place in the Philippines and
uncomfortably hot. Leave them at home.
Cultural Items
1. Because you are a guest in their home your Filipino family will often give you the best
room, bed, etc., no matter how much it inconveniences them.
2. Again, because you are their guest, they feel responsible for your safety. When you leave
the house tell the host where you are going, with whom, and when you expect to be back.
Do not go out alone after dark.
3. When ladies leave the home, they should have a companion for safety, mutual help, and appearance. This companion should be another lady, her husband, or a responsible child.
4. Filipinos do not value privacy, but prefer togetherness. So don’t expect to have much privacy. If you go into a room and close the door, they will probably think you are sleeping.
5. Many Filipinos sleep in the early afternoon after lunch. Due to the climate and a usually
busy schedule in the evenings, you also will probably find this beneficial to your ability to
function well during your stay.
6. As Filipinos value a very neat home, it is important for you as their guest to keep your room
or area neat as well. To make your bed, fold the top sheet and place it on your pillow. On
entering the house, it is generally preferred to remove one’s shoes and put on thongs. On
visiting someone else’s home, either ask or follow your companion’s example as to removing your shoes.
7. Any personal belongings that you leave out in the open may be used, looked at, read, etc.,
as it is community property.
8. Filipinos, generally, do not let guests help do housework. Some families will have household help for cleaning, washing dishes, etc. Many times this help will be poorer relatives
from the province who are being helped by being provided room and board and perhaps
even schooling.
9. Filipinos value age and are very respectful to elders. You can ask people what they would
like you to call them.
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10. Children are also very important to Filipinos. To show interest in someone’s children is to
show interest in them.
11. You will be stared at a lot by visitors, neighbors and children. They stare because they are
interested, so be friendly and try to start a conversation with them.
12. Touching between opposite sexes (outside of handshakes) is NOT appropriate in the Philippine culture. A modest display of affection, between husband and wife is acceptable.
Touching, however, is very appropriate between men and between women as friends such
as embraces, arms around the shoulder, holding hands, and pats on the back. This type of
touching between friends of the same sex does not have some of the same connotations that
it might have in the American culture.
13. Titles are very important. Always call a pastor “Pastor.” If someone is a doctor or attorney,
use that title before their name.
14. You may be compared to other Americans who are more beautiful than you or speak the
language better, or whatever. Also bodily imperfections may be pointed out or asked about
such as being overweight or having pimples. Do not take offense at these remarks as Filipinos are not meaning to be rude.
15. Before you leave your new family and friends, they will want a remembrance. Almost anything that belongs to you or would remind them of you is appropriate. A picture of you with
your family is a nice remembrance.
11.3
Barriers to Evangelism
11.3.1
Filipino Roman Catholics
A. Who are the Filipino Catholics?
1. Baptized Animists:
It is well known that the early Spanish missionaries used rather unorthodox evangelistic
techniques. Those who did not submit to baptism were beaten or otherwise punished. Consequently, many superficial “decisions” were recorded.
So, the majority of the original converts never really turned from their basic animism. Spirit
involvement is a common feature even today among many urban and most rural Catholics.
2. Idolatry and Superstitions:
Their security is bound up with medals, scapulars, and other blessed objects that are commonly worn for protection—especially in time of crisis like illness, childbirth and death.
3. Conservative Catholics:
They have happy sounding hymns like ours with guitars strumming in the sanctuary. But the
dogma is as Mariolatrous and Mass-oriented as ever. Priests who sign the parish letters: ‘Yours
in Mary . . .’ encourage their flocks to come to Mary who has an understanding mother’s heart.
(It is interesting to see the authority of Mary and not Jesus in the Filipino home. Most sociologists state that the real authority lies with the mother—though the father officially has it.)
4. Charismatic Catholics:
As among Protestants, there is a wide variety of charismatics, from the sane to the silly, from
the theologically aware to the theologically illiterate. The experience of the Spirit has led some
to hunger for the Word. They have become less and less properly Catholic as a result. Others
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have become more entrenched in heretical beliefs and practices and we doubt their experience is
of the Spirit at all. The experience has led others to a more profound social conscience and some
of their activity can at best be called politically dangerous.
5. Converted Catholics:
Many have been converted who neither want nor plan to leave the Catholic Church. Many
are held by social pressures. Some have a naive desire to promote a new reformation from within. Many are burdened to witness to Catholics with the supposed advantage of being able to say:
“I’m a Catholic, too.”
6. Radical Catholics:
There are many priests who are theologically liberal and politically revolutionary. While certainly not a majority movement, the radical Catholics should not be underestimated. The government takes them seriously.
General Conclusions:
1. There is widespread openness to the Bible.
2. There are relatively few really informed Catholics with coherent beliefs. But there are certain basic ideas which are widely held and need to be grasped by the serious evangelist.
3. Different Catholics will face different problems when they face the implications of faith and
repentance. There are certain normal Catholic barriers to the gospel which we need to master.
B. Common Catholic Misunderstandings of the Gospel
1. The doctrine of God.
“We all believe in the same God” is a common remark by those to whom we witness. But
this is simply not true. God for the Filipino is remote. Just as one does not directly approach important people in Philippine society so is the Filipino attitude towards God. God is so high that to
approach Him is impossible. This exaltation of God gives the impression that He is unknown and
remote and perhaps impersonal.
2. The lostness of man:
The Catholic believes that a man can, and should, expiate his own sin. Most Catholics believe that they can pay for their sin through indulgences, works of supererogation, masses and
penance. Since this is a shame culture rather than a guilt culture, people are mostly quite optimistic about sin unless a relationship has been obviously spoiled.
3. Who is Jesus?
Filipinos form their impression of Jesus from the images they revere. There are four favorite
ones:
a. Santo Niño – a baby dressed in King’s clothes
b. the crucifix – with Christ hanging dead
c. the Pieta – Mary holding the dead Christ in her arms
d. the Cursillo Christ – weary and effeminate, and saying “I am counting on you.”
In addition to these there are the Christs that the cults proclaim:
a. The Mormons claim that the Christ is the brother of Lucifer.
b. The Jehovah’s Witnesses claim that he was simply the first creation of God.
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c. The Iglesia ni Cristo say that he was only a man who received the spirit during his baptism.
All these points of view cause great confusion in the minds of the people as to just who
Christ is and what claims He has, if any, on their lives.
4. What happened on the Cross:
In addition to the work that Jesus did on the cross the Filipino Catholic thinks he must participate in the Mass which continues that work. An inadequate doctrine of atonement leads to a distorted view of justification. If our sins were not all dealt with at Calvary, then we do not stand as
righteous before God.
5. What must I do to be saved?
a. Repent
Most Filipinos think that to repent is to feel sorry. Real sorrow for sin is important, but being
sorry is not repenting. (See Mark 10:22; 2 Cor. 7:9-11). Others automatically associate repentance with the confessional. Others associate repentance with doing certain religious or
other good works to pay for sin.
b. Believe
Everybody believes in God, but few really trust him. To many
Catholics, faith is little more than intellectual assent.
c. Receive
Receiving Jesus is what every Catholic thinks he does at Mass.
If you ask a Catholic to receive Him, he may well pray with
you, and then simply make a mental note to be more regular at
Holy Communion.
General Conclusions:
The Catholic mind is not an empty mind. It is already full of
mixed-up ideas. Every word used is liable to be misunderstood.
We need to be careful and clear as we share. We should constantly check with questions lest we
be misunderstood. We need to interact with those ideas already well-fixed in their minds, or the
Gospel truths will be simply rejected. Or they will be modified to fit what they already believe.
Or held alongside contradictory ideas that are heretical. And in each case there will be a tragic
barrier to blessing.
C. Common Catholic Practices that Lead to Bondage
1. Saints “answering” prayers
While it is true that an idol is nothing and can do nothing, it is also true that demons make
use of them. So saints do appear to work and answer prayer. But as long as there is a relationship
with an idol, there can be no relationship with the Lord (Exodus 20:3-6). People who make decisions for Christ without turning from such idolatry may complain that, “Jesus does not work.”
2. Confession to a priest
Many Catholics hide virtually nothing from their confessor. Thus their priests may have an
uncanny hold over them. For many years the priest has been relied upon as the dispenser of forgiveness. Now he may be feared as a possible betrayer.
3. Vows
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Vows are commonly made as a sort of bargain with God, or an agreement with a saint. Many
are really afraid of what will happen if they break their commitment—especially if they have received what was requested. Deathbed promises are equally binding and demanding. Many promise dying relatives that they will be good Catholics for the rest of their lives. Many fear to die
without the assurance of someone who will offer masses regularly for their deliverance from
purgatory. There is fear of retribution if such a promise is not kept.
4. Idols and charms
Many use charms and images to protect them from demons and other danger.
Often young Christians claim not to believe in them. But their fear of destroying them sometimes reveals real hidden problems.
5. Attendance at Mass
This is so desperately important to the serious Catholic. It is his hope of salvation. To leave it
behind is a very traumatic step. But the Christian who attends Mass is participating in a denial of
the fundamental message of the Gospel. Inevitably he has many problems in his Christian life
and witness.
6. Attempts to pay for sins
These, of course, include knee-walking before images and the practice of the flagellants. All
such desperate attempts are a denial of the Gospel of grace, and hold people back from the liberation of Christian forgiveness.
7. Demonic beliefs
All Catholics believe in spirits. The task is to present to them the One who has power over all
the demons of the world.
D. Common Social Pressures that Hinder Catholic Conversions:
1. Parental pressure
Filipino marriage ties are not as strong as is generally pretended. Even so, great emphasis is
placed on the value of family solidarity. In Filipino values, obedience to parents is normally
higher than obedience to God. This is probably because the sense of shame is more immediate.
2. Barkada (peer group) pressure
“Aloneness” is a totally negative value to most Filipinos. Hardly anything is done without a
companion. There is a strong sense of belonging together. Such belongingness makes it very hard
for the individual to step out of line and be converted. To stand alone is very unFilipino. But isn’t
our message to include teaching on the new community where true belongingness may be found?
3. Sociological pressures
In local sociological jargon, Christians are “deviants.” And, of course, statistically that is
true. Protestant groups are viewed as cults.
4. Aesthetic pressure
Catholic worship often has deep sense of reverence about it. The services are full of content
and coherent. Protestant worship, in contrast, is often lacking in any sort of awe. Services are often a fairly arbitrary hymn-sandwich as prelude to a sermon. And there is precious little beauty
about the average evangelical building. For some Catholics, the change-over is quite traumatic—
and they need help and understanding.
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E. Approaching Filipino Catholics
There are at least four general principles we need to consider as we evangelize Filipino Catholics.
1. The importance of Bible study
A series of Bible studies has several advantages over the
hit-and-run approach of much personal evangelism.
a. The Gospel can be clearly seen to be what the Bible says. It is not simply a matter of the
authority of the missionary against the authority of the priest.
b. Weekly Bible study meetings bring to light many of the false confidences and loyalties of
the average Catholic. When he reaches a decision it is with better understanding of the issues involved. Storying the Bible is an extremely effective method that is nonthreatening.
c. Group discovery is certainly not unbiblical. And it is more appropriate for Filipino culture.
2. The inevitability of confrontation
Filipinos hate RUDE confrontation, but not confrontation itself. If he feels that you love and
care for him, the Filipino will not react negatively when you confront him.
3. The battle is essentially spiritual
Our skill cannot win a single Catholic for Christ. Pray that we may see God’s saving power
at work.
4. The need to “put off” and “put on”
For example, in the early Church, evangelism of pagans always included a direct attack on
idolatry. But many converts “put off” evil ways, and are left with a vacuum in felt need. We must
help them “put on” Bible study, worship and fellowship with other Christians.
F. Testing for the Catholic Convert
1. Baptism
In the eyes of Filipino Catholics, our converts are merely bad Catholics. But if they are baptized, they have changed their religion and become Protestants. Emphasizing baptism as a need
to break from their old religion is good if we do not confuse it as a part of the salvation process
itself.
2. Deaths in the family
Deaths are times for all sorts of ungodly practices. Nobody wants to disagree with a heartbroken relative. Many sin against their consciences at such times, for the sake of peace and quiet,
or out of deference to the bereaved or the departed. Similar problems arise at weddings and
christenings. The Word of God about the hope of Christ is the only weapon we can use against
all the pagan practices that were part of the person’s old religion.
3. Fiesta, Flores de Mayo, etc.
Fear of being called “masamang pakikisama” (spoiling the enjoyment together) often draws a
young convert into wrong practices which may damage his conscience and his witness. There
may be pressure to join in block rosaries. Christians normally need to be given positive alternatives that they can do at such times. It is hard to resist on your own when there is nothing else to
do.
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11.3.2
Prominent Sects/Cults
A. Jehovah’s Witnesses
The Jehovah’s Witnesses or (Russellites) were started by a man named Charles Russell about
1872. The claims of their cult are:
1. The Kingdom of God was established by Christ taking over the throne of heaven in 1914 by
throwing Satan out and down to earth where he now reigns. After a thousand year retraining
period to be conducted by 144,000 priests made up of good Jehovah’s Witnesses the earth
will become the kingdom of God. All who have failed to be retrained properly will be destroyed in the second death, which is total annihilation.
2. Salvation: Christ’s death redeemed only his forefather Adam. General redemption is accomplished by faith plus moral integrity. This is self-salvation. Thus there is no assurance
of salvation until the last days and the kingdom has finally come. Witnesses also believe
that those who died without Christ will be raised at the millennium and given another opportunity to believe.
3. The Trinity: a) God. They deny that God exists as a Trinity. God is a solitary being from
eternity, unraveled and unknown. No one has existed as his equal to make him known. God
is a god of love. b) Jesus. He is the only creation of God, then he created everything else.
He is also the archangel Michael. On earth Jesus had only one nature, that of man. He became the Messiah at his baptism. He was put to death as a man but was raised from death as
a spirit-being of the highest order. He was not God but a god. c) Holy Spirit. He is not a
person in the Godhead but an influence or power of God.
4. Man. They deny that man is made up of body, soul and spirit. They say man does not have a
soul; instead, he is a soul.
Other claims: The Jehovah’s Witness, if he is among the zealous ones, may be one of
the 144,000 kings and priests who will be associated with Jesus in His heavenly kingdom.
They also claim divine authority for their own writings which are superior to the Bible.
They also exalt their founders: Charles Russell and Judge Rutherford.
B. IgIesia ni Cristo
1. The Scripture. The Iglesia ni Cristo believe in their interpretation of the Bible and that the
common Christian cannot understand the scripture unless it is interpreted for them by an authorized minister.
2. The Church. The early church which was established by Christ was corrupted by the church
of Rome. They claim that the true church has been reestablished by Felix Manalo in the
Philippines. Manalo claimed to have been the angel spoken of in Revelation 7:2 as coming
from the East.
3. Jesus Christ. They claim that Jesus’ existence began in Mary’s womb. Before that he only
existed in the mind and plan of God. They say that Jesus was only a man and not in any way
God.
4. The Holy Spirit. The IgIesia ni Cristo claim that the Holy Spirit is not a person in the Trinity but is only the power of God.
5. The Christian Life. Every member is to attend services regularly. He is also to give to the
church every Sunday. They must also vote in every election for ‘approved’ candidates.
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6. Last Things. They claim that they are indeed the New Israel, that all the prophecies have
been or are being fulfilled through them. Their doctrine also states that when a person dies
he has no consciousness whatsoever.
C. Mormons
Founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith the Mormons claim two sources of authority: The Book of
Mormon and a continuous revelation to their “president.”
1. Teaching about God and Man. The teachings about God and Man in Mormon writings read
much the same as Greek mythology. Gods come down from heaven into the Garden of
Eden to have sex and produce children. Thus Adam was really God and our physical bodies
were not created but simply born of the union of the God-Man Adam and his God-Woman
Eve. They teach that man is both body and spirit. Our bodies come from the physical union
of our earthly parents but our spirit comes from the union of gods off somewhere in heaven
and that the spirit and body are joined at birth. They further teach that if you are a good
Mormon and are married in one of their temples, the marriage is eternal and at your deaths
you will become gods who will be able to produce spirits for earthly bodies through celestial sex. Self contradiction seems to be the only constant in Mormon claims. In one statement they say that god came in the form of a man to the garden and in another they say that
god was first a man and became god.
2. Teaching about Jesus Christ. According to Mormon doctrine the spirit of Jesus was conceived by the union of Adam and his wife after they had become gods. The body of Christ
was conceived by the physical impregnation of Mary by the Father-God who in reality was
the former Adam! Mormons also teach that Jesus and Lucifer are brothers, one obedient and
one rebellious. Jesus was to them a good Mormon for he is reputed by them to be a polygamist having been married to both Mary and Martha. To Mormons Joseph Smith holds a
more exalted position in the kingdom than does Jesus Christ.
3. Teaching about Salvation. Although men are atoned by the blood of Christ they gain their
place in one of the three Mormon heavens by merit they have earned. Salvation depends on
both faith and works, as defined by the Mormon priesthood, with the emphasis on good
works. Another part of salvation according to the Mormons is that of baptism. Of course
this must be done in their church. The most important thing any Mormon can do is to marry
the right person (another Mormon), by the right authority (the Mormon priesthood), in the
Temple. Being correctly married so as to produce bodies for the spirits being produced by
the gods in heaven seems to be more important than faith in Christ.
D. Seventh Day Adventists
The Seventh Day Adventists became known as a group around 1843. William Miller, the founder
of the movement was intently interested in the second coming of Christ to the point of doing his own
study as to when it would be. His conclusion was that Christ would return in 1844. He began preaching his convictions and gained many adherents. Miller used camp meetings to increase his influence
among the people. When 1844 came but Christ did not, Miller admitted that he had been mistaken.
However, a follower by the name of Hiram Edson justified the prophecy by declaring that the return
of Christ had been in heaven and not on earth, Christ had moved from the outer court of the heavenly
sanctuary to the inner court to begin the judgment of men. A woman by the name of Ellen White became the prophet for the group. Her writings are not regarded as Scripture but are seen as inspired.
The beliefs of the SDA are much closer to Evangelical Christianity than other cults. If questioned
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about the Lordship of Christ or his atonement they would answer just as would an evangelical Christian.
1. Salvation by grace through faith alone. They would state that while faith and repentance
gain pardon for the sinner, adherence to the law insures salvation. A great part of this law
keeping is the correct observance of the Sabbath which for them is Saturday. The sin bearer
in their scheme of things is not the Lamb of God but Satan. He is the one on whom man’s
sins are placed as the scapegoat to take them into oblivion.
2. Soul-Sleep. The SDA doctrine also states that those who die before the second coming of
Christ will have no consciousness of their existence until their resurrection from the dead.
3. Hell. Punishment for the SDA is not a burning hell but simple annihilation. Eternal life is
only gained by Christians.
As to whether the SDA’s are a cult or not is still open to question but the secondary doctrines
such as life after death and the presence or absence of hell make for much confusion in the new
Christian communities of the Philippines.
E. Others
Armstrongism, Animism, Spiritism, Transcendental Meditation and the Children of God/Family
of love are just some of the other groups in the Philippines.
In the face of all these conflicting claims and doctrines is it any wonder that the Filipino people
are confused? It behooves us all to be sure that the claims of Christ that we present are done simply
and clearly with solid knowledge of what is in the hearts and minds of those who hear.
11.4
Ministry and Evangelism in the Filipino Context
11.4.1
Relationships—essential for ministry
Relationships are the foundation on which everything is built in the Philippines. The level of
your relationship is often measured by the time you spend with a person. Time spent is often more
remembered than information imparted, so do not condemn yourself for not having “accomplished”
anything during an hour spent with your disciples or neighbors. Only pray that God will open doors
for significant relationships with those He desires to reach. The following are some hints on building
relationships in the Philippines.
a. Be willing to spend time with the person. Often it is good to eat together.
b. Ask questions of them, about their family, relatives, school or work.
c. Seek to love as Christ loved, caring about their physical needs as well as their spiritual
needs.
d. Pray with them.
e. Afterward pray for them. The fruit that remains is linked with asking in His name.
11.4.2
Methods for Evangelism
A. Home Bible studies
Since these are Bible studies with nonChristians it would be advisable to use the storying approach. Telling the stories of the Bible is nonthreatening and is an excellent
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way to teach why one should be saved as well as how. “The Witnessing Kit” available in the
Philippines is a good guide for this type of Bible study. We also have Evangelism and Discipleship books based on storying.
B. Door-to-door visitation with pastor or church member
This is usually a method for contacting people who would be interested in having a Bible
study in their home.
C. “Jesus” film showings
This is an excellent way to filter those interested in Bible study or those who make a decision
for Christ. Campus Crusade has partnered with Southern Baptists in this effort. You could counsel those who make decisions and follow up for Home Bible study.
D. Campus evangelism
Some of you will be near high school or university campuses. Daytime hours can be spent on
campus, building relationships as friends, sharing the Gospel, and starting campus Bible studies.
E. Office Bible studies
These are generally started through one of the members of the church who is willing to gather some of his co-workers and invite you to come and teach, usually at lunchtime.
F. Discipleship groups
These are more in-depth studies, accompanied with ministry assignments and Scripture memory.
The majority of your input into these disciples’ lives, however, will not be in teaching sessions,
but in modeling the life and ministry of a disciple before them as you minister together. A good
study to use for these groups is “Experiencing God.”
G. Church ministry
Your assignment in the ministry of the church will be a great help to the pastor. This may include teaching Sunday school, leading children’s clubs, singing, sharing testimony, teaching a
seminar, preaching, attending church fellowships and more. You could mentor or coach pastors
or small group leaders during your stay.
H. Benevolent ministry
You may be part of a team engaged in a project such as well-drilling, church construction,
medical clinics, etc. Use these as a spring board to share the Gospel.
I. Prayer Walking
Taking the time to walk through a community and see it from God’s perspective, pray for
what you see, become burdened for the needs the Holy Spirit brings to your eyes. This often
breaks down barriers where the Gospel can be shared freely.
11.4.3
Evangelism—a PROCESS
A. Relationship building and initial contact
Meeting barangay officials, neighbors, community members and church members will be your
focus. God will show you those He is calling to follow Him.
B. Initiation of Bible studies
At this stage you will begin to see those who are really serious about their commitment to
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sus did the multitudes. Love their children, demonstrate the power of God and challenge them to
further commitment. Some will stick with the lessons and show real interest. These are the ones
you will want to challenge to meet in a discipleship group and accompany you in ministry.
C. Discipling of leader.
You will want to spend more and more time with those who will carry on the work after you
leave. Let them teach the Bible studies. Spend time in evaluation, helping them. Seek to train
them in how to story the Bible. Encourage them to teach before you leave. In this way you will
be able to transfer your ministry to those who will be left behind when you return to your home.
NOTE:
You will find people in all stages of growth or spiritual understanding upon your arrival.
Seek to help each one move to the next stage.
11.4.4
The Evangelistic Meeting
A. Setting
1. Many people will be taking part in a Baptist gathering for the first time.
2. Most of the people have never seen an invitation given.
3. When they experience the invitation, they will interpret all that is going on through Roman Catholic eyes.
4. The pressures, needs and ideas about the invitation will be interpreted culturally, i.e.:
a. Some will come out of a desire to please the foreign guest.
b. Some will come because of peer pressure.
c. Some will understand it for what it is.
B. Process
Making a profession of faith and following up on that profession to the point of baptism and
faithful church membership for the Filipino is a process.
1. There is the decision to come to the meeting.
2. Then comes the decision to make a profession of faith.
3. After the profession of faith comes the decision to followup the profession by being baptized. This is a watershed decision.
4. The next decision is that of coming to be baptized at the appointed time.
(Don’t be disappointed if some don’t show up. There will be tremendous pressure brought to
bear on them not to follow through.)
C. Extending the invitation
1. Use the Scripture as the basis for all that you do.
2. Announce and explain carefully that there will be an invitation and what that invitation is
and means.
3. Explain carefully what you are inviting them to do.
4. Use an interpreter. Do phrase by phrase interpreting. Do not summarize the invitation.
5. Have the people stand during the time of the invitation. It is much harder for them to respond when they are seated.
6. Have the pastor or someone at the front to receive them as they respond.
7. The invitation can be turned over to the pastor in the final stage and allow him to continue it in the dialect.
8. Do not get in a hurry. Take your time. Invitations will be much longer here than back
home in the US.
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11.5
Staying Healthy in the Philippines
Nothing will ruin the effectiveness or pleasure of your coming trip to the Philippines as much as
illness or bad health. Volunteers are expected to accept responsibility for health care and well-being
while traveling overseas.
The following Lines of Defense will help you to maintain your health during your trip and your
stay overseas.
You may see the nationals and even some of the missionaries disregard some of the lines of defense. Remember, they have lived all their lives, or many years in the country and have developed a
great deal of immunity. You will NOT be able to develop this immunity during your short stay.
11.5.1
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE: Know your present health
Have an adequate physical exam before leaving.
If you wear glasses, take along your prescription for lenses.
If you have diabetes, or if allergic to penicillin, or have any physical condition which may require emergency care, have some ID—a card, a bracelet, a tag—on your person at all times indicating this. The AMA now has available Emergency Medical Identification Signal Device and Card.
11.5.2
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE: IMMUNIZATIONS
While the Philippines requires no specific vaccinations for a visa to enter the country the IMB
recommends the following vaccinations and immunizations as basic for all who are traveling to the
Philippines.
Tetanus-Diphtheria or Tetanus Toxoid
If never immunized, you will need to begin primary series Tetanus Diphtheria; if previously immunized, a booster is recommended every 10 years.
Typhoid
The primary series consists of two (2) injections, given 4 weeks apart. A booster shot is necessary every three years to maintain your immunity. Typhoid is not required for international travel but
is recommended for areas where there is a recognized risk of exposure. These would include areas
wherever there is bad sanitation and the possibility for food and water to be contaminated by human
waste.
Oral Polio or Inactivated Polio
Adults having had primary series of OPV (oral polio vaccine) may be given a single booster dose
of OPV when traveling to countries where poliomyelitis is epidemic or endemic. Adults who have
never been immunized should begin primary immunization with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV).
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B (formerly called serum hepatitis) is one form of viral hepatitis for which a vaccine is
available. The disease is known to be spread by blood, some blood products, contaminated needles
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and syringes, and intimate personal contact. This vaccine should be given consideration for those
going to areas with a high incidence of Hepatitis B and/or Hepatitis B carriers. It is given in three
doses over a six month period.
Immune Human Globulin (formerly called Gamma Globulin)
This provides protection against Hepatitis A. The effect is limited to approximately 3 months. If
you desire this vaccine, it should be the last injection given before leaving the USA. If you have received a live virus vaccine (oral polio), two weeks must be allowed to pass before Immune Globulin
is administered.
11.5.3
THIRD LINE OF DEFENSE:
Common sense and health rules
Rest and Recreation: Be sure to get sufficient rest especially in the tropics. An afternoon siesta is
not a lazy man’s luxury, but a necessity, if you are going to live and be lived with comfortably.
Food and Drink: When away from your host family, avoid quaint out-of the-way places such as
restaurants and street vendors of food.
Also avoid: cream and custard-filled pastries, meat and potato salads, cold egg mixtures,
creamed foods, cold meats and raw milk and milk products. Tetra pak milk and ice cream purchased
in supermarkets are safe. Eat only hot, thoroughly cooked foods except for thick-skinned raw fruits
that you may peel yourself such as bananas. Foods commonly eaten uncooked, such as tomatoes, salads, strawberries and others grown close to the ground and possibly fertilized with nightsoil are best
avoided. If you know that your host has washed these items in a Clorox solution they would be safe.
Drinking Water: Many diseases may be transmitted through the water that you drink. While traveling and living overseas, do not take it for granted that the tap water or the water served you in a
hotel or restaurant is pure. It is always good to inquire of the missionary about this. Try to be tactful
in questioning your host and the host family about food and water you are offered. They may be
tempted to give you the answer they think you want to hear and could also be offended.
You will need to drink extra fluids while in this warm environment. Your body may lose as
much as four to five quarts of fluid each day. Be sure to drink enough fluids to replace this amount.
This is sometimes a challenge as the water may not be pure. Most bottled drinks and water are clean.
Hot coffee and tea are safe. Remember, however, that the ice and ice candy may be contaminated.
In most areas commercially bottled drinking water is available. If not water can be purified in
several ways. Boiling for five minutes is adequate. This is the surest and most universally available
method. If you are staying in a hotel with a hot water tap, test to see if the water, is too hot for your
hand to tolerate. If it is, the water usually would be acceptable for drinking, brushing your teeth,
dishwashing, etc.
Several chemicals may also be employed to disinfect water: Halozone, 4 mg tablets or glogaline,
20 mg tablets (iodine)- one tablet per quart of water. Let stand for 20 minutes, shaking occasionally.
Commercial hypochlorite solution (bleach). For each quart of water add the following number of
drops, depending on the percentage of chlorine:
Available Chlorine No. of drops per quart of water
4%
2
5%
2
6%
2
7%
1
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8%
1
Mix thoroughly and let stand for at least 30 minutes.
11.5.4
FOURTH LINE OF DEFENSE: ACTIVE MEDICATION
Diarrhea:
Traveler’s Diarrhea: Traveler’s diarrhea is most often caused by bacterium I. coli. New and different strains of this organism, which is a normal inhabitant of the human colon, seem to upset the
body’s biological balance for a number of days. The diarrhea may be avoided by careful choice of
food and water. It may also be prevented in many case by taking oral antibiotics during a brief stay in
the tropics. The local brand names are Bacidal, Bactrim Forte, or Septrin Forte. One tablet every
morning and evening. Remember that this is not a license to eat, or drink anything you choose; continue to observe the precaution detailed above in order to prevent more serious maladies such as
amoeba or typhoid.
Should you develop diarrhea during your stay, the primary treatment needed is fluid replacement. Treatment of diarrhea worldwide has been revolutionized by the development of a simple
formula which is effective in treating all kinds of diarrhea. To an 8 oz. glass of water (your host
family will have a regular-size Nescafe jar, commonly used as a drinking glass), add a teaspoon of
sugar and a pinch of salt. If available you can add a teaspoon of baking soda and a cup of orange
juice to make the mix more palatable and include the needed electrolites. One or two glasses per
waking hour during the time you have diarrhea should be sufficient, you may drink more if you are
still thirsty. Coconut water is an excellent substitute. To replace potassium lost in diarrhea, add an
occasional banana. If you see blood in your diarrhea or are unable to keep up with your fluid losses,
try to see a doctor.
Such drugs as Lomotil, Imodium or their Filipino cousin, Lormide are occasionally used to slow
diarrhea or is an effort to relieve some of the cramps and discomfort. There is some concern that
these drugs may prolong the course of the illness slightly, therefore their use is often discouraged.
They may be helpful, however, in emergency situations, for example if you are having diarrhea and
will be traveling, preaching, etc. The usual dosage is two tablets for the first dose, then one after each
bowel movement up to 8 tabs. per day. Do not use this drug for more than three days.
Malaria:
Between dusk and dawn cover up and put on insect repellent; Deep Woods, Cutter or Avon’s
Skin so Soft are good. Off is available locally.
Upper Respiratory Disease (Common cold):
There is no cure for the common cold. Avoid antibiotics unless a physician prescribes these. Antihistamines and aspirin may be used and may make you more comfortable.
Self Medication:
In the Philippines, all sorts of medications can be bought over the counter in the local drug store.
Remember that all medication is poisonous if used incorrectly. Beware of injections, unless prescribed by a physician. Most medicines can be taken by mouth, if needed. If the injections are needed and given under the direction of a doctor, then be sure that disposable syringes and needles are
used. They are available at all drug stores in the country.
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Keep these lines of defense in mind, they will help make your ministry in the Philippines more
productive and enjoyable.
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