Appendix I
Great Composers
Most of the names in this chapter are of composers who are no longer living, but who have played
some part in bringing all music to where it is today. In most cases they are composers who have done
something new, and who have thereby influenced the course of the development of music. Not many
recent composers appear here, because it takes time for composers to build a reputation, and become
an influence on other composers, who may then copy or adapt certain aspects of their style. In time,
the list will be added to, by new composers. In the chronological Time-line at the back of this book,
you will find other names and/or works of composers who are not so influential, and who do not appear
here.
Key: Composers are listed alphabetically by Surname; Christian names; year of birth/death;
nationality (N); the style or period to which their music belongs (S/P); their main types, or
genres, of works (MTW); their individual best known work(s) (BKW); composers or styles they
have been influenced by (IB); other composers they have influenced (HI).
Bach, Johann Sebastian. 1685-1750 N German; S/P Late Baroque MTW solo organ pieces; sacred &
secular cantatas; concertos; concerti grossi; masses; orchestral pieces; passions; sonatas; motets;
suites. BKW Toccata & Fugue in D minor; Brandenburg Concertos; ‘Sheep may Safely Graze' . 'Jesu,
Joy of Man's Desiring'; 'Air on the G String'; IB: Buxtehude; Couperin; Frescobaldi; Froberger; Lully;
Sweelinck; Vivaldi; HI: C.P.E. Bach; J.C. Bach; Bartók; Beethoven; Brahms; Bruckner; Busoni; Chopin;
Clementi; Elgar; Franck; Gounod; Hasse; Hindemith; Ives; Mahler; Mendelssohn; Mozart; Reger;
Rossini; Schoenberg; Schumann; Stanford; Stravinsky; Webern: Widor.
Bartók, Béla 1881-1945 N Hungarian S/P Nationalist (Neoclassical) MTW piano solo; piano
concertos; operas; string quartets; BKW Bluebeard’s Castle Concerto for Orchestra IB JS Bach; -Beethoven; +Berg; Brahms; Debussy; +Kodály; Liszt; -Mussorgsky; Schoenberg; R Strauss;
+Stravinsky; Wagner; FOLK MUSIC; Renaissance music HI Arnold; -Bridge; Britten; Kodály;LIGETI;
Lutoslawski; Messiaen; Penderecki; Rochberg; Szymanowski; Tippett
Beethoven Ludwig van (1770-1827) German S/P: Late Viennese Classical MTW: Symphonies;
Sonatas; Concertos; Chamber music (string quartets, violin sonatas, trios, etc.) Overtures; Fidelio
(opera); Mass in D 'Missa Solemnis'. BKW: 9 Symphonies inc: no. 5; no. 9 (Choral); no.6 (Pastoral);
no. 3 (Eroica) Concertos: for violin in D; for piano no. 5 ‘Emperor’. Piano Sonatas: 'Moonlight';
'Pathetique'; ‘Waldstein’; 'Appassionata'; 'Hammerklavier' Overtures: Leonora; Egmont; Coriolanus;
Diabelli variations; IB: CPE Bach; JS Bach; Clementi; Gluck; Handel; Haydn; Mozart; Palestrina;
HI: Alkan; Bartók; Berlioz; Bizet; Bloch; Borodin; Brahms; Bruckner; Chopin; Dukas; Dvorák; Franck;
Ives; Liszt; Mahler; Mendelssohn; Paganini; Schoenberg; Schubert; Schumann; Shostakovich;
Sibelius; Tippett; Wagner; Weber; Webern
Berlioz Hector (1803-69) French; S/P: Early French Romantic MTW: Concert overtures;
Symphonies; Operas; Sacred vocal/choral-orchestral music; Songs. BKW: Symphonie Fantastique;
Harold in Italy; Te Deum; Requiem; Roman Carnival Overture; ‘The Damnation of Faust’; ‘The
childhood of Christ ; Opera: The Trojans; IB: Beethoven; Gluck; Weber. HI: Arnold; Balakirev;
Borodin; Franck; Glinka; Liszt; Mahler; Mussorgsky; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Sibelius;
Smetana; J Strauss; R. Strauss; Tchaikovsky; Wagner.
64.
Bizet Georges (1838-75) French; S/P: Middle Romantic. MTW: Operas BKW: Symphony in C (1855)
Operas: ‘Carmen’ ‘The Pearl Fishers’. Suite: L'Arlésienne IB: -Beethoven; Donizetti; Mozart; Rossini;
Verdi; Weber; Spanish music; Asian & Middle Eastern music HI: Chabrier; Delibes; Massenet;
Tchaikovsky
Brahms Johannes (1833-97) German; S/P: Middle Romantic (Neoclassical) MTW: important
contributor to most main genres (except ballet & opera) BKW: 4 Symphonies; Songs; Hungarian
Dances; Piano Sonatas; Piano Concertos; Violin Concerto; German Requiem; Piano Quartet; Piano
Quintet; Variations on a Theme by Paganini; Cello sonata; Alto Rhapsody; Variations on a Theme by
Haydn; Academic Festival Overture; Tragic Overture. IB: JS Bach; Beethoven; Buxtehude; Handel;
Mendelssohn; Mozart; Schubert; Schumann; Schütz; Spohr; folksong; Baroque & Renaissance music.
IO: Barber; Bartók; Berg; Dvorák; Elgar; Glazunov; Hindemith; Mahler; Nielsen; Parry; Reger;
Schoenberg; R Strauss; Szymanowski; Webern
Britten Benjamin (1913-76) British S/P: Neoclassical MTW: Operas; Orchestral pieces; Songs;
music for children & amateurs BKW: Operas: Peter Grimes; Billy Budd; The Turn of the Screw; A
Midsummer Night's Dream. Four Sea Interludes from Peter Grimes; The Young Person's Guide to the
Orchestra; Simple Symphony; Spring Symphony; War Requiem B: Bartók; Berg; Bridge; Ireland;
Mahler; Purcell; Schoenberg; Stanford; Stravinsky; Verdi; Walton; Gamelan music IO: Berkeley;
Shostakovich
Byrd William (1543-1623) British S/P: Late Renaissance MTW: Masses; Motets; Anthems; Sacred &
secular songs; Solo Keyboard works; Consort music; Madrigals BKW: Mass for Four Voices; Mass for
Five Voices; Great Service in F; 'Earl of Salisbury' Pavane; Ave verum corpus IB: Lassus; Tallis;
Taverner IO: Bull; Gibbons; Morley; Sweelinck; Tonkins; Weelkes
Cage John (1912-92) American S/P: Avant-garde MTW: aleatory music (works accenting use of
time, space and silence) solo piano, especially prepared piano; chamber music; magnetic tape-based
pieces; percussion (chamber combinations); solo voice. BKW: Third Construction [percussion quartet];
Amores [2 prepared pianos & 2 percussion trios] ;Sonatas & Interludes [prepared piano]; Concerto for
Prepared Piano & Chamber Orchestra; Atlas Eclipticalis [any combination of up to 86 instrs.] IB:
Boulez; Ives; Satie; Schoenberg; Varèse; Webern; Music of India; chance events; silence. IO: Boulez;
Glass; Lutoslawski; Reich; Stockhausen;
Chopin Fryderyk (1810-49) Polish-French S/P: Early Romantic with Polish Nationalist tendencies
MTW: piano (solo, chamber combinations, concertos.) BKW: over 60 mazurkas; 19 waltzes; 2 Piano
Concertos; 24 Etudes; Nocturnes; Polonaises; Ballades; Preludes; 3 Piano Sonatas; Fantasies;
Fantasie Impromptus; Barcarolle; Berceuse; Sonata for Cello & Piano. IB: Bach; Beethoven; Bellini;
Clementi; Field; Hummel; -Mozart; Paganini; Rossini; Weber; folk music. IO: Albéniz; Balakirev;
Borodin; Cui; Debussy; Delius; Dvorák; Falla; Fauré; Franck; Glinka; Granados; Grieg; Liszt;
Lutoslawski; Paderewski; Rachmaninov; Ravel; Reger; Rubinstein; Saint-Saëns; Scriabin; Smetana;
Szymanowski; Tchaikovsky; Wagner;
Copland Aaron (1900-90) American S/P: Neoclassical American Nationalist MTW: Ballets; Film
scores Suites; Orchestral pieces; Symphonies; Songs; Solo piano; Concertos. BKW: El Salon Mexico;
Ballets: Appalachian Spring, Billy the Kid; Fanfare for the Common Man; Rodeo: Four Dance Episodes.
IB: Debussy; Gershwin; Milhaud; Schoenberg; Scriabin; Stravinsky; North& Latin American music; jazz
IO: Barber; Bernstein; Carter;
Couperin François (1668-1733) French S/P: Late Baroque MTW: Solo harpsichord; Chamber
music; Sacred motets; Solo organ BKW: Pièces d'Orgues; Pièces de Clavecin; IB: Corelli; Lully
IO: Bach; Debussy; Ravel; Telemann
65.
Debussy Claude (1862-1918) French S/P: Impressionist MTW: Piano solo; Orchestral pieces;
Songs & song cycles; Chamber music; Ballets; Opera BKW: 'Suite Bergamasque'(inc. ‘Clair de lune’);
Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun; Opera Pelléas et Mélisande; 3 Nocturnes (for orchestra). La Mer;
Images; Children's Corner (inc. 'Golliwog's Cakewalk' ) 2 books of Preludes; Ballet: Jeux IB: Albéniz;
Borodin; Chabrier; Chopin; Couperin; Dukas; Fauré; Gounod; Liszt; Massenet; Mussorgsky; Rameau;
Ravel; Satie; Wagner; Gamelan & other East Asian music; French Renaissance music IO: Albéniz;
Barber; Bartók; Berg; Boulez; Copland; Dallapiccola; Delius; Dukas; Falla; Hindemith; Honegger;
Ibert; Ireland; Kodaly; Ligeti; Lutoslawski; Martinu; Mascagni; Messiaen; Milhaud; Orff; Poulenc;
Prokofiev; Puccini; Ravel; Reger; Respighi; Rodrigo; Satie; Scriabin; Stravinsky; Szymanowski;
Varèse; Villa-Lobos; 'New Age' music
Dufay Guillaume (c1398-1474) French S/P: Early Renaissance MTW: Masses; Sacred motets;
Secular songs (chansons) BKW: Missa Se la face ay pale; Missa Ave regina celorum; Alma redemptoris
mater IB: Dunstable; plainchant; English & Italian music. IO: Josquin Desprez; Obrecht; Ockeghem
Dvorák Antonin (1841-1904) Czech. (Bohemian) S/P: Late Romantic/Czech Nationalist MTW:
significant contributor to most main genres BKW: 9 symphonies inc. no. 9 'From the New World';
Slavonic Dances; Carnival Overture; Opera: Rusalka; Stabat Mater; Te Deum; Songs; Violin Concerto;
Cello Concerto; String Quartets . Piano Trio: 'Dumky'; IB: -Beethoven; Brahms; Chopin; Haydn; Liszt;
Mozart; Schubert; Smetana; Wagner; European & American Folk Music IO: Elgar; Janacek;
Gabrieli Giovanni (c1555-1612) Italian S/P: Late Renaissance MTW: Instrumental ensemble
Canzonas & Sonatas; Sacred motets; Solo organ; Brass (chamber combinations.) BKW: Symphoniae
sacrae; In ecclesiis; Timor et tremor; Sonate pian e forte; IB: A Gabrieli; Lassus; Monteverdi; Willaert
IO: Monteverdi; Praetorius; Schein; Sshutz; Sweelinck
Handel George Frideric (1685-1759) German-British S/P: Late Baroque MTW: Oratorios; Orchestral
pieces; Concertos & Concerti Grossi; Operas; Cantatas; Organ (concertos); Trio Sonatas; Solo
Harpsichord BKW: Water Music; Music for the Royal Fireworks; 'The Harmonious Blacksmith';
Oratorios: Messiah; Solomon inc. Arrival of the Queen of Sheba’; Alexander's Feast Israel in Egypt;
Xerxes inc. Largo; Coronation Anthems; Ode for St. Cecilia's Day; Opera: Julius Caesar IB: Corelli;
Lully; Purcell; Scarlatti; Italian opera; dance IO: Arne; Beethoven; Boyce; Brahms; Elgar; Gluck;
Haydn; Mendelssohn; Mozart
Haydn (Franz) Joseph (1732-1809) Austrian S/P: Viennese Classical MTW: Symphonies; String
quartets; Concertos; Oratorios; Masses; Keyboard (piano) sonatas & trios; Songs BKW: Cello Concerto;
Over 100 Symphonies inc. 'Military' 'Drumroll' ‘Farewell’ ‘Surprise’ 'Clock' 'London' 'Oxford' 'Miracle’;
Keyboard Sonatas; 'Nelson Mass'; Oratorio The Seasons; String Quartets inc. ‘Sunrise’ ‘Emperor’
‘Fifths’ 'Lark' ; Oratorio: The Creation Trumpet Concerto; IB: CPE Bach; Gluck; Handel; Mozart; IO:
Beethoven; Boccherini; Bruckner; Cherubini; Clementi; Dvorák; Elgar; Hummel; Mendelssohn; Mozart;
Rossini; Schubert;
Josquin Desprez (c1440-1521) French S/P: Middle Renaissance MTW: Masses; Sacred motets;
Secular songs (chansons) BKW: Ave Maria; Missa La sol fa re mi; Missa de beata virgine; Missa Pange
lingua; Missa L'homme armé; Planxit autem David IB: Dufay; Ockeghem; Italian music IO: Palestrina;
Taverner; Willaert
Lassus Orlando di (1532-94) Franco-Flemish; S/P: Late Renaissance MTW: Motets; Masses;
Magnificats; Madrigals; Chansons. BKW: Madrigals; Masses; Chansons; Motet: Tristis est anima mea;
Seven Penitential Psalms of David IB: Marenzio; Palestrina; Willaert; Italian madrigals; Franco-Flemish
polyphony IO: Byrd; Gabrieli; Marenzio; Praetorius
66.
Liszt Franz (1811-86) Hungarian-French-German S/P: Middle Romantic MTW: Piano (solo, with
orchestra) Transcriptions of other composers' works; Symphonic poems & other orchestral pieces; Solo
organ; Songs; Sacred choral music. BKW: Années de Pèlerinage; Transcendental Etudes after Paganini;
Piano Concertos; Hungarian Rhapsodies; 'Les Préludes'; Totentanz; Liebesträume; Piano Sonata;
Faust Symphony; Oratorio: Christus; Mephisto Waltzes; Prelude & Fugue on B-A-C-H IB: Bach;
Beethoven; Bellini; Berlioz; Chopin; Czerny; Field; Paganini; Palestrina; Schubert; Schumann; Wagner;
Weber IO: Albéniz; Balakirev; Bartók; Borodin; Bruckner; Debussy; Dvorák; Fauré; Franck;
Glazunov; Granados; Mahler; Mussorgsky; Parry; Rachmaninov; Ravel; Rimsky-Korsakov; SaintSaens; Scriabin; Smetana; J Strauss Jr.; Jos Strauss; R Strauss; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; Widor; Wolf
Machaut Guillaume de (c1300-77) French S/P: Medieval BKW: Messe de Nostre Dame;Sacred
motets Chansons. IB: Perotin; Vitry; plainchant IO: Stravinsky
Mahler Gustav (1860-1911) Austrian S/P: Late Romantic MTW: symphonies; Songs & song
cycles; Orchestration. BKW: 9 symphonies inc: 'Resurrection', 'Titan', 'Giant', 'Tragic', 'Symphony of a
Thousand'; Song of the Earth; Songs on the Death of Children; Songs of a Wayfarer; The Youth's
Magic Horn IB: Bach; Beethoven; Berlioz; Brahms; Bruckner; Liszt; Schubert; Wagner; Weber; folk
music IO: Berg; Berio; Bernstein; Britten; Schoenberg; Shostakovich; Webern;
Mendelssohn Felix (1809-47) German S/P: Early Romantic MTW: important contributor to all main
genres except ballet & opera BKW: 4 symphonies inc. 'Scottish', 'Italian' 'Reformation'; Violin Concerto;
Piano Concertos; Oratorio: Elijah; Overtures: ‘Hebrides’ , ‘ A Midsummer Night's Dream’, ‘Calm Sea &
Prosperous Voyage’; Hark! the Herald Angels Sing; String Quartets; Songs without Words; IB: Bach;
Beethoven; Field; Handel; Haydn; Hummel; Mozart; Weber IO: Borodin; Brahms; Bruch; Bruckner;
Elgar; Gounod; Grieg; Reger; Saint-Saëns; Schumann; Smetana; Stanford; Sullivan; Widor
Monteverdi Claudio (1567-1643) Italian S/P: Early Baroque MTW: Madrigals; Operas; Masses &
other church music BKW: Operas: ‘L'Orfeo’, ‘The Coronation of Poppea’; Madrigals. IB: Gabrieli;
Marenzio; Palestrina; Peri IO: Buxtehude; Carissimi; Dallapiccola; Frescobaldi; Gabrieli; M Haydn;
Lawes; Lully; Orff; Praetorius; Purcell; Scarlatti; Schutz; Weelkes
Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-91) Austrian S/P: Viennese Classical; MTW: important contributor
to all main genres BKW: Operas: The Marriage of Figaro ; The Abduction from the Seraglio; Don
Giovanni; Cosi Fan Tutte; The Magic Flute; Symphonies inc: 'Linz' 'Prague' 'Jupiter'; 'Haffner'; 'Eine
Kleine Nachtmusik'; Piano Concertos; Violin Concertos; Horn Concertos; Flute Concertos; Clarinet
Concerto; Oboe Concerto; Bassoon Concerto; Concerto for Flute & Harp; Clarinet Quintet; String
Quartets inc: 'Hunt'; 'Dissonance'; 'Great' Mass in C minor ; Piano Sonatas inc.Rondo alla Turka;
Exsultate, Jubilate; Ave Verum Corpus; 'Coronation' Mass in C; Requiem. IB: CPE Bach; JC Bach;
JS Bach; Gluck; Handel; Haydn; M Haydn; L Mozart; Pergolesi; Sammartini; Stamitz IO: Beethoven;
Bellini; Bizet; Brahms; Bruckner; Busoni; Cherubini; Chopin; Clementi; Dvorák; Haydn; Hummel;
Leoncavallo; Mascagni; Mendelssohn; Nielsen; Offenbach; Poulenc; Puccini; Ravel; Reger; RimskyKorsakov; Rossini; Saint-Saëns; Schoenberg; Schubert; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Tchaikovsky; Wagner;
Weber;
Ockeghem Johannes (c1420-97) Franco-Flemish S/P: Early Renaissance MTW: Masses; Sacred
motets; Secular songs (chansons) IB: Binchois; Dufay; Dunstable IO: Josquin; Krenek; Ligeti;
Obrecht; Pärt
Palestrina Giovanni Pierluigi da (1525/6 - 1594) Italian; S/P: Late Renaissance MTW: Sacred vocal
music (masses, motets, magnificats); Secular madrigals BKW: Missa assumpta est Maria; Missa Papae
Marcelli; Missa brevis; Stabat Mater. IB: Josquin; Morales; Franco-Flemish & French polyphonists;
Gregorian chant/plainsong IO: Allegri; Beethoven; Boccherini; Bruckner; Gounod; M Haydn; Kodály;
Lassus; Liszt; Monteverdi; A Scarlatti; Schütz; Verdi; Victoria
67.
Prokofiev Sergei (1891-1953) Russian S/P: Expressionist and Neoromantic MTW: important
contributor to most main genres BKW: 5 Piano Concertos; 7 Symphonies; 2 Violin Concertos; Piano
Sonatas; Opera: The Love for Three Oranges; Orchestral Suites from (the films) Alexander Nevsky
Lieutenant Kije; Ballets: Romeo & Juliet; Cinderella. Symphonic Poem: Peter & the Wolf IB: Debussy;
Mussorgsky; Rachmaninov; Reger; Rimsky-Korsakov; Scriabin; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Tchaikovsky;
Viennese Classical music IO: Kabalevsky; Khachaturian; Lutoslawski; Shostakovich; Walton
Puccini Giacomo (1858-1924) Italian S/P: Late Romantic (verismo; Impressionist) MTW: Mainly
Operas. BKW Manon Lescaut ; La Bohème; Tosca; Madama Butterfly; Turandot . ‘Chrysanthemums’ for
string quartet IB: Debussy; Massenet; Mozart; R Strauss; Stravinsky; Verdi; Wagner IO: Korngold;
Lehár; Menotti; Villa-Lobos
Purcell Henry (1658/9 - 1695) British S/P: Middle Baroque MTW: Stage works & overtures;
Songs; Chamber music; Odes; Anthems; Solo keyboard BKW: Operas: Dido & Aeneas, King Arthur,
The Fairy Queen; Ode for St. Cecilia's Day IB: Blow; Cavalli; Gibbons; Lawes; Locke; Lully;
Monteverdi; French & Italian music IO: Bliss; Britten; Handel; Holst; Tippett
Rachmaninov Sergei (1873-1943) Russian S/P: Late Romantic MTW: Piano (solo, chamber
combinations, with orchestra); Symphonies; Symphonic poems and other choral-orchestral & orchestral
pieces; Songs BKW: 4 Piano Concertos. Symphonic Poems: The Isle of the Dead,The Bells; 2
Symphonies; Piano Preludes; Symphonic Dances; Cello Sonata; Vespers; Vocalese (wordless voice &
orchestra); Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini IB: Arensky; Borodin; Chopin; Grieg; Liszt; RimskyKorsakov; Tchaikovsky; Russian Orthodox Church Music IO: Prokofiev
Rameau Jean-Philippe (1683-1764) French S/P: Late Baroque MTW: Operas; Ballets; Solo
harpsichord; Chamber music; Sacred motets BKW: Operas: Hippolyte et Aricie Castor et Pollux
Dardanus; Pièces de Clavecins; Ballet: Pygmalion IB: Lully; Italian opera IO: Debussy; Gluck;
Tartini
Ravel Maurice (1875-1937) French S/P: Impressionist (Neoclassical) MTW: Piano (solo, chamber
combinations, with orchestra); Orchestral arrangements of piano works; Ballets; Chamber music;
Songs; Orchestration MTW: Gaspard de la Nuit Mother Goose Suite Pavane for a Dead Princess; Jeux
d'Eau; Miroirs; Valses Nobles et Sentimentales Le Tombeau de Couperin Introduction et Allegro;
Rapsodie Espagnole La Valse; Ballets: Daphnis et Chloé; Boléro; Piano Concerto in G; Piano Concerto in
D 'For the Left Hand' Tzigane; Opera: L'Enfant et les Sortilèges IB: Albéniz; Borodin; Chabrier;
Chopin; Couperin; Debussy; Faure; Gershwin; Liszt; Massenet; Mozart; Mussorgsky; Rimsky-Korsakov;
Saint-Saëns; Satie; R Strauss; Stravinsky; jazz; Spanish music IO: Bax; Berkeley; Bliss; Carpenter;
Debussy; Falla; Ibert; Ireland; Khachaturian; Lutoslawski; Poulenc; Respighi; Szymanowski; Vaughan
Williams; Walton
Rossini Gioachino (1792-1868) Italian S/P: Post-Classical MTW: Operas & Opera overtures; Sacred
vocal/choral music; Chamber music;Songs; Solo piano BKW: Operas and overtures to: The Italian
Woman in Algiers, Otello, The Barber of Seville, Cinderella, The Thieving Magpie Semiramide, William
Tell; Stabat Mater.IB: Bach; Haydn; Mozart; Spontini IO: Bellini; Bizet; Chopin;
Donizetti;Meyerbeer; Offenbach; Saint-Saëns; Schubert; Verdi; Wagner; Widor
Scarlatti Domenico (1685-1757) Italian-Spanish S/P: Pre-Classical MTW: Keyboard sonatas;
Secular cantatas; Sacred vocal music BKW: Over 555 harpsichord sonatas IB: Corelli; Rameau; A
Scarlatti; guitar music; Italian, Portuguese & Spanish Popular & Folk Music IO: Clementi; Falla;
Schoenberg Arnold (1874-1951) Austrian-American S/P: Second Viennese School Serialist
MTW: Orchestral pieces; Chamber music; Songs & song cycles; Dramatic vocal music; Operas BKW:
Opera: Moses und Aron ; Symphonic poem: Pelleas und Melisande; Cantata: Gurrelieder; Song cycle:
Pierrot Lunaire ;Violin Concerto; Piano Concerto IB: Bach; Beethoven; Brahms; Busoni; Dukas;
Mahler; Mozart; Reger; R Strauss; Wagner; Wolf; IO: Bartók; Berg; Bliss; Boulez; Britten; Cage;
Carter; Copland; Dallapiccola; Davies; Honegger; Janácek; Krenek; Pärt; Penderecki; Ravel;
Stravinsky; Takemitsu; Varèse; Webern;
68.
Schubert Franz (1797-1828) Austrian S/P: Post-Classical Viennese school MTW: Songs & Song
cycles--Chamber music; Symphonies; Solo piano; Masses; Choral music BKW: 9 Symphonies inc.
'Tragic' 'Unfinished' 'Great C Major’ ; String Quartets inc. 'Death & the Maiden'; 'Trout' Quintet; Piano
Sonatas; 'Wandererfantasie'; Moments Musicaux; Arpeggione Sonata; Incidental music: Rosamunde;
Songs: Gretchen am Spinnrade, Erlkönig; Song Cycles: Die Schöne Mullerin, Schwanengesang;
Die
Winterreise; IB: Beethoven; Gluck; Haydn; Mozart; Rossini; IO: Brahms; Bruckner; Dvorák; Liszt;
Mahler; Schumann; Sullivan; Wolf
Schumann Robert (1810-56) German S/P: Early Romantic MTW: Piano (solo, chamber
combinations, with orchestra) Symphonies; Songs & song cycles BKW: Piano Concerto; Cello
Concerto; 4 symphonies inc. 'Rhenish', 'Spring' . Manfred Overture; Piano Sonatas Symphonic Etudes
Phantasie; Phantasiestücke; Carnaval Kinderszenen; Kreisleriana; Song cycles: Myrthen, Liederkreis,
Frauenliebe und Leben, Dichterliebe; IB: JS Bach; Beethoven; Hummel; Mendelssohn; Paganini;
Schubert; Weber IO: Balakirev; Borodin; Brahms; Bruch; Elgar; Granados; Grieg; Liszt; Mussorgsky;
Parry; Rubinstein; Smetana; Tchaikovsky; Wolf.
Shostakovich Dmitry (1906-75) Russian S/P: Neoromantic MTW: Symphonies; Concertos; String
Quartets; Stage works; Piano (solo, chamber combinations, with orchestra.) BKW: Symphonies inc:
‘Leningrad’; Piano Concerto; Jazz Suite; Orchestral Suite: The Golden Age; Opera: Lady Macbeth of the
Mtsensk District; Concerto for Piano, Trumpet & Strings; Violin Concerto IB: JS Bach; Beethoven;
Borodin; Britten; Glazunov; Hindemith; Mahler; Mussorgsky; Prokofiev; Rimsky-Korsakov; Stravinsky;
-Tchaikovsky IO: Khachaturian; Pärt; Penderecki; Shchedrin
Sibelius Jean (1865-1957) Finnish S/P: Late Romantic Finnish Nationalist MTW: Symphonies;
Symphonic poems; Incidental music; Songs; Violin Concerto BKW: Symphonies; Karelia Suite;
Finlandia; The Swan of Tuonela; Violin Concerto; Valse Triste; IB: Beethoven; Berlioz; Borodin;
Bruckner; Grieg; Tchaikovsky; Wagner; Finnish folk music IO: Arnold; Bax; Davies; Tippett; Vaughan
Williams; Walton
Strauss Johann Jr. (1825-99) Austrian S/P: Viennese Light Classical MTW: Orchestral waltzes,
Marches, Polkas, Operettas BKW: Blue Danube Waltz; Tales of the Vienna Woods; Emperor's Waltz
Operettas: Die Fledermaus; Der Zigeunerbaron IB: Liszt; Offenbach; J Strauss Sr.; Wagner IO: Lehár;
R Strauss
Strauss Richard (1864-1949) German S/P: Late Romantic MTW: Symphonic poems; Operas;
Lieder; Wind concertos; Orchestration. BKW: Operas: Elektra Ariadne auf Naxos Salome Der
Rosenkavalier Die Frau ohne Schatten Symphonic Poems: Don Juan; Death & Transfiguration; Till
Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks; Thus Spake Zarathustra; Don Quixote. Alpine Symphony; A Hero's Life;
Horn Concertos; Metamorphosen; Oboe Concerto; Four Last Songs. IB: Berlioz; Brahms; Liszt; Mozart;
J Strauss Jr.; Wagner IO: Bartók; Bloch; Dukas; Hindemith; Holst; Honegger; Lehár; Prokofiev;
Puccini; Ravel; Reger; Respighi; Schoenberg; Szymanowski; Varèse; Villa-Lobos;
Stravinsky Igor (1882-1971) Russian-French-American S/P: Russian Nationalist;French
Neoclassical MTW: significant or important contributor to most main genres particularly ballets. BKW:
Ballets: The Firebird; Petrushka; The Rite of Spring; The Wedding; The Soldier's Tale; Pulcinella; Agon;
Orpheus; The Card Party; Apollon Musagète; The Fairy's Kiss Operas: The Rake's Progress Oedipus Rex
Symphonies of Wind Instruments [23 instrs.] Violin Concerto; Symphony of Psalms; Concerto in E flat
'Dumbarton Oaks' IB: JS Bach; Borodin; Debussy; Dukas; Glazunov; Glinka; Machaut; Mozart; RimskyKorsakov; Schoenberg; Scriabin; Tchaikovsky; Webern; Renaissance, Baroque & Classical music;
ragtime & jazz IO: Barber; Bartók; Berio; Bernstein; Bliss; Boulez; Britten; Carter; Copland; Falla;
Hindemith; Holst; Ibert; Ireland; Krenek; Ligeti; Lutoslawski; Martinu; Menotti; Messiaen; Orff;
Poulenc; Prokofiev; Puccini; Ravel; Reich; Rodrigo; Shostakovich; Szymanowski; Tavener; Tippett;
Varèse; Villa-Lobos; Walton;
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Tchaikovsky Pyotr Il'yich (1840-93) Russian S/P: Late Romantic MTW: symphonies; ballets &
orchestral suites; concertos; orchestral pieces; operas; songs BKW: Romeo & Juliet (Fantasy
Overture) Symhony no.2. 'Little Russian' Manfred Symphony; ‘Pathétique Symphony'(no.6) Piano
Concerto. Violin Concerto; Ballets: Swan Lake; The Sleeping Beauty The Nutcracker;Variations on a
Rococo Theme; Operas: The Queen of Spades; Eugene Onegin; Italian Capriccio; Serenade in C; in B
minor; Andante Cantabile; IB: Balakirev; Beethoven; Berlioz; Bizet; Chopin; Delibes; Glinka; Gounod;
Liszt; Massenet; Mozart; Rubinstein; Schumann; Russian folksong; Italian opera IO: Arensky;
Glazunov; Glière; Kabalevsky; Khachaturian; Massenet; Prokofiev; Rachmaninov; Scriabin;
Shostakovich; Sibelius; Stravinsky; Villa-Lobos
Vaughan Williams, Ralph (1872-1958) British; S/P: English Nationalist MTW: symphonies;
orchestral pieces, including folksong settings; Songs & Song Cycles; Choral music BKW: 9 Symphonies
including 'Sea Symphony' 'London Symphony' & ‘Symphonia Antarctica' Overture:The Wasps; On
Wenlock Edge; Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis; Fantasia on Greensleeves; The Lark Ascending;
Mass in G minor; English Folk Song Suite; Serenade to Music; Five Variants of Dives & Lazarus;
Concerto for Oboe & String Orchestra; The Pilgrim's Progress; Job: a masque for dancing; IB: Elgar;
Holst; Parry; Ravel; Sibelius; Stanford; Tallis; Renaissance & Elizabethan music; English Folk Music IO:
Alwyn; Butterworth; Finzi; Holst;
Verdi Giuseppe (1813-1901) Italian S/P: Middle Romantic MTW: operas; sacred vocal/choralorchestral music BKW: Operas: Macbeth; Rigoletto; Il Trovatore; La Traviata; La Forza del Destino;
Don Carlo; Aida; Otello; Falstaff ; String Quartet; Requiem IB: Bellini; Donizetti; Palestrina; Rossini
IO: Bizet; Britten; Leoncavallo; Mascagni; Menotti; Mussorgsky; Puccini
Vivaldi Antonio (1678-1741) Italian S/P: Late Baroque MTW: Solo Concertos; Concerti Grossi;
Chamber Music (chamber concertos, sonatas, trio sonatas); sacred vocal/choral music; operas BKW:
12 Concerti Grossi; 'The Seasons'; Flute Concertos; Chamber Concerto for Lute; Concerto for
Mandolin; Concerto for 2 Mandolins; Oboe Concerto; Concerto for 2 Trumpets; Concerto for 3 Violins;
Gloria in D IB: Albinoni; Corelli; A Scarlatti; Torelli. IO: Albinoni; CPE Bach; JS Bach; Sammartini;
Tartini; Telemann; Torelli;
Wagner Richard (1813-83) German; S/P: Middle Romantic (New German School; German
Nationalist) MTW: operas and opera overtures & preludes; 'Siegfried Idyll' (orchestra.) BKW: Operas:
The Flying Dutchman; Tannhäuser; Lohengrin; Götterdämmerung; Das Rheingold; Die Walküre;
Siegfried; Tristan und Isolde; Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg; Parsifal. IB: Beethoven; Bellini;
Berlioz; Chopin; Gluck; Liszt; Mozart; Rossini; Spohr; Spontini; Weber. IO: Bartók; Berg; Bruckner;
Debussy; Delius; Dukas; Dvorák; Elgar; Fauré; Franck; Holst; Janácek; Leoncavallo; Liszt; Mahler;
Offenbach; Parry; Penderecki; Puccini; Reger; Rimsky-Korsakov; Saint-Saëns; Schoenberg; Scriabin;
Sibelius; Smetana; Strauss Jr; R Strauss; Szymanowski; Webern; Wolf;
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Film Music Composers
Since the 1930’s, composers have been writing music to accompany film. This is a list of around 80 composers who
have made a significant contribution to this genre.
Richard Addinsell British (1904-1977). Best known for the Warsaw Concerto from Dangerous Moonlight (1940).
Also - Goodbye Mr Chips (1939), The Prince and the Showgirl (1957), The Admirable Crichton (1957).
John Addison British (1920-1998). Oscar winner for Tom Jones (1963). Also - Reach for the Sky (1956), Torn
Curtain (1966), A Bridge too Far (1977).
Harold Arlen American (1905-1986). Academy Award winner for ‘Over The Rainbow’ from The Wizard of Oz
(1939). Also - A Star is Born (1954).
Craig Armstrong British (1959-). Films include William Shakespeare's Romeo & Juliet (1996), Plunkett and
Macleane (1999), The Bone Collector (1999), Moulin Rouge (2001), The Magdalene Sisters (2002), The Quiet
American (2002), Love Actually (2003)
David Arnold British (1962-). Films include Stargate (1994), Judge Dredd (1995), Independence Day (1996),
The Musketeer (2002), Die Another Day (2002), 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003) and The Stepford Wives (2004)
Sir Malcolm Arnold British (1921-). Academy Award winner for The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957). Also - The
Sound Barrier (1952), The Roots of Heaven (1958), The Key (1958), Whistle down the Wind (1961).
Burt Bacharach American (1929-). Academy Award winner for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), and
Arthur (1981). Nominated for What's New Pussycat? (1965), Alfie (1965), Casino Royale (1967).
John Barry British (1933-). Best-known for Bond movie soundtracks. Academy Award winner for Born Free
(1966), The Lion in Winter (1968), Out of Africa (1985), Dances with Wolves (1990), Enigma (2001).
Marco Beltrami Italian (1963-). Establishing himself for horror soundtracks including the Scream series (19962000), The Faculty (1998), The Watcher (2000), Terminator 3:Rise of the Machines (2003) and Hellboy (2004).
Richard Rodney Bennett
British (1936-). Three Academy Award nominations for Far from the Madding Crowd (1967), Nicholas and
Alexandra (1971) and Murder on the Orient Express (1974).
Elmer Bernstein American (1922-2004). Exceptional composer whose greatest work include The Man with the
Golden Arm (1955), The Ten Commandments (1956), The Magnificent Seven (1960), Summer and Smoke (1961),
To Kill A Mockingbird (1962), Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), Trading Places (1983), The Age of Innocence
(1993), Far From Heaven (2003). His score for Gangs of New York was dropped by director Martin Scorsese before
release.
Leonard Bernstein American (1918-1990). Classical conductor, composer and educator. Films include On the
Town (1949), On the Waterfront (1954) and West Side Story (1961).
Howard Blake British (1938-). Films include The Duellists (1977), Flash Gordon (1980). Best known for 'Walking
in the Air' from The Snowman.
Geoffrey Burgon British (1941-) The Life of Brian (1979) Best known for Brideshead Revisited (1982) on TV.
John Carpenter American director (1948-) who also writes his own music. Scores include, Halloween (1978), The
Fog (1980), Vampires (1998).
Charlie Chaplin British (1889-1977) Cinema legend who wrote his own scores, most notably The Kid (1920), The
Gold Rush (1924), City Lights (1931), Modern Times (1936), Limelight (1952).
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Bill Conti American (1943-). Academy Award winner for The Right Stuff (1983). Other scores include, Rocky
(1976), The Karate Kid (1984).
Aaron Copland American (1900-1990). Academy Award winner for The Heiress (1949). Nominations for Of Mice
and Men (1939), Our Town (1940), North Star (1943).
Carmine Coppola American (1910-1991) Father of director Francis Ford Coppola. Academy Award winner for The
Godfather II (1974). Also - Apocalypse Now (1979), New York Stories (1989).
Shaun Davey Irish. Scores include, Twelfth Night (1996), Waking Ned (1998), David Copperfield (2000), The
Tailor of Panama (2001).
Carl Davis American (1936-). Best known for his scores for classic Silent movies, especially Napoleon (1980).
Also The Rainbow (1989), Topsy Turvy (1999).
Don Davis American (1957-). Scores include, A Goofy Movie (1995), The Matrix (1999), Jurassic Park III (2001),
The Matrix Reloaded and Matrix Revolutions (2003)
John Debney American (1956-). Scores include, Cutthroat Island (1995), Inspector Gadget (1999), The
Emperor's New Groove (2000), Spy Kids (2001), Bruce Almighty (2003), The Passion of the Christ (2004).
Pino Donaggio Italian (1941-). Scores include Don't Look Now (1974), Carrie (1976), Dressed to Kill (1980).
Patrick Doyle British (1953-). Associated with Kenneth Branagh. Academy Award Nominations for Sense and
Sensibility (1995), Hamlet (1996). Also, Henry V (1989), Carlito's Way (1993), Much Ado About Nothing (1993),
Donnie Brasco (1997), Bridget Jones Diary (2001), Gosford Park (2001), Calendar Girls (2003).
Anne Dudley British (1956-). Academy Award winner for The Full Monty (1997). Also The Crying Game (1992),
American History X (1998), Monkey Bone (2001), Bright Young Things (2003).
Tan Dun Chinese. Academy Award winner for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000).
Randy Edelman American (1947-). Scores include, The Mask (1994), The Indian in the Cupboard (1995), Six
Days Seven Nights (1997), Shanghai Noon (2000), Shanghai Nights (2003), Connie and Carla (2004).
Danny Elfman American (1949-). Associated with the films of Tim Burton, notably Batman (1989), Edward
Scissorhands (1990), The Nightmare before Christmas (1993), Planet of the Apes (2001), Big Fish (2003).
Academy-Award nominations for Men in Black (1997), and Good Will Hunting (1997). Recently scored Sleepy
Hollow (2000), Red Dragon (2002), Spiderman (2002), Hulk (2003).
George Fenton British (1950-). Academy Award nominations for Cry Freedom (1987), Dangerous Liaisons
(1988), The Fisher King (1991). Also, Gandhi (1982), Stage Beauty (2004).
Jerry Goldsmith American (1929-2004) Prolific composer of hundreds of TV and film themes including The
Waltons, Star Trek:The Next Generation, The Omen (1976) and Alien (1979).
Ron Goodwin British (1929-2003) Best known for 633 Squadron (1964), Those Magnificent Men in their Flying
Machines (1965).
Harry Gregson-Williams British (1961-) Best known for Antz (1998), Chicken Run (2000), Shrek (2001), Man on
Fire (2004), Kingdom of Heaven (2005).
Marvin Hamlisch American (1945-). Songwriter and composer associated with Barbra Streisand movies, The
Way We Were (1973), The Mirror has Two Faces (1996). Also Sophie's Choice (1982).
Bernard Herrmann American (1911-1975) Composer associated with Orson Welles - Citizen Kane (1941), The
Magnificent Ambersons (1942), Alfred Hitchcock - The trouble with Harry (1956), Vertigo (1958), Psycho (1960),
and Martin Scorsese - Taxi Driver (1974).
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David Hirschfelder Australian (1960-). Best known for Strictly Ballroom (1992), Shine (1996), Elizabeth (1999),
K19: The Widowmaker (2002)
James Horner American (1953-). Writing scores since 1980, he hit gold with Titanic (1997). Also, Aliens (1986),
Field of Dreams (1989), Apollo 13 (1995), Braveheart (1995), Iris (2002), Windtalkers (2002), The Four Feathers
(2003), House of Sand and Fog (2003), Troy (2004).
James Newton Howard American (1951-). Academy Award nominations for The Fugitive (1993), One Fine Day
(1996), My Best Friend's Wedding (1997). Also The Sixth Sense (1999), Dinosaur (2000), Signs (2002), Treasure
Planet (2002).
Maurice Jarre French (1924-) Most associated with the films of David Lean. Oscars for Lawrence of Arabia
(1962), Dr Zhivago (1965), A Passage to India (1984). Other scores include Witness (1985), Fatal Attraction
(1987), Ghost (1990).
Michael Kamen American (1948-2003). Scores include Highlander (1985), Lethal Weapon (1987), Don Juan de
Marco (1995), Mr Holland's Opus (1995).
Wojciech Kilar Polish (1932-). Scores include Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992-), Death and the Maiden (1995) and
The Portrait of a Lady (1996), The Pianist (2003).
Erich Wolfgang Korngold Czech (1897-1957). Academy Awards for Anthony Adverse (1936), The Adventures of
Robin Hood (1938). Also - Elizabeth and Essex (1939), The Sea Hawk (1940), Kings Row (1941).
Francis Lai French (1932-). Academy Award for Love Story (1971). Also Un Homme et une Femme (1966).
Michel Legrand French (1931-). Notable scores include, The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964), Summer of 42
(1971), Yentl (1983).
Mark Mancina American (1957-). Films include Speed (1994), Twister (1996), Con Air (1997), Tarzan (1999),
Brother Bear (2003)
Henry Mancini American (1924-1994). Best known for Moon River from Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961). Also The
Pink Panther (1963), 10 (1979), Victor/Victoria (1982), That's Life (1986).
Brian May Australian (1934-1997). Films include Mad Max (1979), Gallipoli (1981).
Alan Menken American (1949-). Revitalised Disney films from 1989. Oscars for The Little Mermaid (1989),
Beauty and the Beast (1991), Aladdin (1992), Pocahontas (1995), The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996), Hercules
(1997). Also, Home on the Range (2004).
Giorgio Moroder Italian (1940-). Academy Award for Midnight Express (1978), Flashdance (1983), Top Gun
(1986).
Ennio Morricone Italian (1928-). Spaghetti Western soundtracks, also Cinema Paradiso (1989), Once Upon a
Time in America (1984). Academy Award nominations for The Mission (1986), The Untouchables (1987), Bugsy
(1991), Mission to Mars (2000), Ripley's Game (2002). Soundtracks also featured in Tarantino's Kill Bill movies.
Stanley Myers British (1930-1993). Best known for Cavatina from The Deer Hunter (1978).
Mario Nascimbene Italian (1916-2002). Films include The Vikings (1958), One Million Years BC (1966).
Alfred Newman American (1901-1970). Oscars for Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938), The Song of Bernadette
(1943), Mother Wore Tights (1947), With A Song in My Heart (1952), Call Me Madam (1953), Love is a Many
Splendoured Thing (1955), The King and I (1956). Father of David Newman, and Thomas Newman. Uncle of Randy
Newman.
David Newman American, (1954-), son of Alfred. Films include The Flintstones (1994-), The Nutty Professor
(1996), Ice Age (2002), Scooby Doo (2002), Cat in the Hat (2003).
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Thomas Newman American (1955-), son of Alfred. Academy Award nominations for The Shawshank Redemption
(1994), Little Women (1994), Unstrung Heroes (1995), American Beauty (1999), In the Bedroom (2001), Road to
Perdition (2002), Finding Nemo (2003).
Randy Newman American (1943-). Nephew of Alfred. Academy Award nominations for Ragtime (1981), The
Natural (1984), The Paper (1994), Toy Story (1995), James and the Giant Peach (1996), Pleasantville
(1998)Seabiscuit (2003).
Alex North American (1910-1991). Oscar nominations include A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), Death of a
Salesman (1951), Viva Zapata (1952), The Rose Tattoo (1955), The Rainmaker (1956), Spartacus (1960),
Cleopatra (1963).
Michael Nyman British (1944-). Started as resident composer with Peter Greenaway, notably The Draughtsman's
Contract (1982). Also - The Piano (1993), The End of the Affair (2000), The Claim (2001).
Basil Poledouris American (1945-). Work includes Conan series (1982-1984), The Blue Lagoon (1980), The Hunt
for Red October (1990), Mickey Blue Eyes (1999).
Sergei Prokofiev Russian (1891-1953). Scores include Alexander Nevsky (1939), Lermontov (1943) and Ivan the
Terrible (1942-46).
Trevor Rabin South African (1954-). Films include Con Air (1997), Armageddon (1998), Gone in Sixty Seconds
(2000), Torque (2004).
Leonard Rosenman American (1924-) East of Eden (1955), Barry Lyndon (1975), The Lord of the Rings (1978).
Nino Rota Italian (1911-1979). Films include The Glass Mountain (1948), War and Peace (1956), The Godfather
(1972) and Romeo and Juliet (1968) with its 'Our Tune' theme.
Miklos Rozsa Hungarian (1907-1995). Oscars for Spellbound (1940), A Double Life (1947), Ben Hur (1959).
Other outstanding scores - The Thief of Baghdad (1940), Quo Vadis (1951), Dead Men Don't Wear Plaid (1982).
Ryuichi Sakamoto Japanese (1952-). Oscar for The Last Emperor (1987). Also - Merry Christmas Mr Lawrence
(1983), The Sheltering Sky (1991), Little Buddha (1993).
Howard Shore Canadian (1946-). Associated with the films of David Cronenberg. Also, The Silence of the Lambs
(1991), Looking for Richard (1996), The Lord of the Rings (2001-2003) and The Aviator (2005).
Alan Silvestri American (1950-). Nominated for Forrest Gump (1994). Also, Back to the Future (1985), Who
Framed Roger Rabbit? (1988), Castaway (2000), The Mummy Returns (2001), Van Helsing (2004)
Carl Stalling American (1888-1972) Composer of hundreds of cartoons, for Disney and Warner Brothers.
Max Steiner Austrian (1888-1971). Oscars for The Informer (1935), Now Voyager (1942), Since You Went Away
(1944). Gone with the Wind (1939).
Dimitri Tiomkin Russian-American (1894-1979). Oscars for High Noon (1952), The High and the Mighty (1954),
The Old Man and the Sea (1958). Also Friendly Persuasion (1956).
Vangelis Greek (1943-). Oscar for Chariots of Fire (1981). Also, Blade Runner (1982), 1492 - Conquest of
Paradise (1992) and Alexander (2005).
William Walton British (1902-1983). Scores include Henry V (1944), Hamlet (1948), Richard III (1956).
Stephen Warbeck British. Oscar for Shakespeare in Love (1998). Also, Mrs Brown (1997), Captain Corelli's
Mandolin (2001), Charlotte Gray (2002)
74.
Franz Waxman German (1906-1967). Oscars for Sunset Boulevard (1950), A Place in the Sun (1951). Also, Rear
Window (1954), Taras Bulba (1962).
John Williams American (1932-). Academy Awards for Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Jaws (1975), Star Wars
(1977), ET (1982), Schindler's List (1993). Also - Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981), The Witches of Eastwick (1987),
Jurassic Park (1993), Harry Potter series (2001/4) Catch Me If You Can (2003), The Terminal (2004), War of the
Worlds (2005)
Gabriel Yared Lebanese (1949-). Oscar for The English Patient (1996). Also The Wings of the Dove (1997), City
of Angels (1998), Possession (2002), Cold Mountain (2003). His score was controversially dropped from Troy
(2004) before release.
Christopher Young American (1958-). Horror movies, including Hellraiser (1987), The Dark Half (1993), Judas
Kiss (1998).
Victor Young American (1900-1956). Academy Award for Around the World in Eighty Days (1956). Also - For
Whom the Bell Tolls (1943), The Uninvited (1944), Samson and Delilah (1949).
Hans Zimmer German (1958-). Scores include Rain Man (1988), Backdraft (1991), The Lion King (1994), As
Good as it Gets (1997), Prince of Egypt (1999) Gladiator (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), The Last Samurai
(2003), King Arthur (2004), Thunderbirds (2004)
75.