DEREE COLLEGE
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
EC 1101 PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS II
FALL SEMESTER 2002
M-W-F 13:00-13:50
Dr. Andreas Kontoleon
Contact: a.kontoleon@ucl.ac.uk
Office hours:
Wednesdays
15:00-17:00
Homework for Chapter 7
(Answer Sheet)
1. Below is a list of domestic output and national income figures for a given year. All figures are
in billions. The questions that follow ask you to determine the major national income
measures by both the expenditure and income methods. The results you obtain with the
different methods should be the same.
Personal consumption expenditures
Net foreign factor income earned
Transfer payments
Rents
Consumption of fixed capital (depreciation)
Social security contributions
Interest
Proprietors’ income
Net exports
Dividends
Compensation of employees
Indirect business taxes
Undistributed corporate profits
Personal taxes
Corporate income taxes
Corporate profits
Government purchases
Net private domestic investment
Personal saving
$245
4
12
14
27
20
13
33
11
16
223
18
21
26
19
56
72
33
20
a. Using the above data, determine GDP and NDP by both the expenditure and income
methods.
b. Now determine NI: first, by making the required additions and subtractions from GDP;
and second, by adding up the types of income which comprise NI.
c. Adjust NI from (b) as required to obtain PI.
d. Adjust PI from part c as required to obtain DI.
(a) GDP = $388, NDP = $361;
(b) NI = $399;
(c) PI = $291;
(d) DI = $265.
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2. Using the following national income accounting data, compute (a) GDP, (b) NDP, (c) NI. All
figures are in billions.
Compensation of employees
U.S. exports of goods and services
Consumption of fixed capital
Government purchases of goods and services
Indirect business taxes
Net private domestic investment
Transfer payments
U.S. imports of goods and services
Personal taxes
Net foreign factor income earned in U.S.
Personal consumption expenditures
$194.2
17.8
11.8
59.4
14.4
52.1
13.9
16.5
40.5
2.2
219.1
(a) Personal consumption expenditures (C)
Government purchases (G)
Gross private domestic investment (Ig)
(52.1 + 11.8)
Net exports (Xn) (17.8 - 16.5)
Gross domestic product (GDP)
$219.1
59.4
63.9
(b) Consumption of fixed capital
Net domestic product (NDP)
-11.8
$331.9
(c) Net foreign factor income earned in U.S.
Indirect business taxes
National income (NI)
-2.2
-14.4
$315.3
1.3
$343.7
3. Suppose that in 1984 the total output in a single-good economy was 7,000 buckets of chicken.
Also suppose that in 1984 each bucket of chicken was priced at $10. Finally, assume that in
1992 the price per bucket of chicken was $16 and that 22,000 buckets were purchased.
Determine the GDP price index for 1984, using 1992 as the base year. By what percentage did
the price level, as measured by this index, rise between 1984 and 1992? Use the two methods
listed in Table 7-6 to determine real GDP for 1984 and 1992.
X/100 = $10/$16 = .625 or 62.5 when put in percentage or index form (.625 x 100)
100  62.5
16  10 6
 .60 or 60% (Easily calculated

 .6  60% )
62.5
10
10
Method 1: 1992 = (22,000 x $16) ÷ 1.0 = $352,000
1984 = ($7,000 x $10) ÷ .625 = $112,000
Method 2: 1992 = 22,000 x $16 = $352,000
1984 = 7,000 x $16 = $112,000
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4. The following table shows nominal GDP and an appropriate price index for a group of selected
years. Compute real GDP. Indicate in each calculation whether you are inflating or deflating
the nominal GDP data.
Year
Normal GDP,
Billions
Price index
(1996 – 100)
Real GDP
billions
1960
1968
1978
1988
1998
$527.4
911.5
2295.9
4742.5
8790.2
22.19
26.29
48.22
80.22
103.22
$ ______
$ ______
$ ______
$ ______
$ ______
Values for real GDP, top to bottom of the column: $2,376.7 (inflating); $3,467.1
(inflating); $4,761.3 (inflating); $5,911.9 (inflating); $8,516 (deflating).
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5. Which of the following are actually included in this year’s GDP? Explain your answer in each
case.
a) Interest on an AT&T bond
b) Social security payments received by a retired factory worker
c) The services of a painter in painting the family home
d) The income of a dentist
e) The money received by Smith when she sells her economics textbook to a
book buyer
f) The monthly allowance a college student receives from home
g) Rent received on a two-bedroom apartment
h) The money received by Mac when he resells his current-year model
Plymouth Prowler to Stan
i) Interest received on corporate bonds
j) A 2-hour decline in the length of the workweek
k) The purchase of an AT&T bond
l) A $2 billion increase in business inventories
m) The purchase of 100 shares of GM common stock
n) The purchase of an insurance policy
o)
p)
q)
r)
s)
t)
u)
v)
w)
x)
y)
A monthly scholarship check received by an economics student
The purchase of a new corncrib by a farmer
The purchase of a used tractor by a farmer
The cashing in of a savings bond
The services of a mechanic in fixing the radiator in his own car
Social security checks received by a retired person
An increase in business inventories
Government purchase of missiles
A barber’s income
Income received from interest on a corporate bond
Cash received from selling a corporate bond
a) Included. Income received by the bondholder for the services derived by the corporation for
the loan of money.
b) Excluded. A transfer payment from taxpayers for which no service is rendered (in this year).
c) Excluded. Not a market transaction. If any payment is made, it will be within the family.
d) Included. Payment for a final service. You cannot pass on a tooth extraction!
e) Excluded. Secondhand sales are not counted; the textbook is counted only when sold for the
first time.
f) Excluded. A private transfer payment; simply a transfer of income from one private individual
to another for which no transaction in the market occurs.
g) Included. Payment for the final service of housing.
h) Excluded. The production of the car had already been counted at the time of the initial sale.
i) Included. The income received by the bondholders is paid by the corporations for the current
use of the “money capital” (the loan).
j) Excluded. The effect of the decline will be counted, but the change in the work week itself is
not the production of a final good or service or a payment for work done.
k) Excluded. A non-investment transaction; it is merely the transfer of ownership of financial
assets. (If AT&T uses the money from the sale of a new bond to carry out an investment in real
physical assets, that will be counted.)
l) Included. The increase in inventories could only occur as a result of increased production.
m) Excluded. Merely the transfer of ownership of existing financial assets.
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n) Included. Insurance is a final service. If bought by a household, it will be shown as
consumption; if bought by a business, as investment—as a cost added to its real investment in
physical capital.
o) Scholarships are viewed as awards for past performance and would not be included in
current production. They don’t represent income earned by providing a productive
resource as defined in the GDP accounts.
p) Is included because it represents investment. It is a final good that was produced in the
current year.
q) Not included because it was counted when it was new.
r) Not included because it represents a financial transaction only.
s) Not included because it is not a market transaction.
t) Not included because it is a transfer payment, not payment for current productive
services.
u) Is included as part of business investment.
v) Is included as part of government spending on goods.
w) Is included because it is payment for productive services (barbering).
x) Is included because it is payment for use of capital resources during that year.
y) Not included because it represents a financial transaction only.
6. In an economy, the value of inventories rose from $100 billion in 2000 to $150 billion
in 2001. In calculating total investment for 2001, national income accountants would:
A)
decrease it by $50 billion.
B)
increase it by $50 billion.
C)
decrease it by $100 billion.
D)
increase it by $150 billion.
Ans: B we only calculate new output (i.e. the extra 50 billion). The other 100 is
inventory form last year
7. The following are national income account data for a hypothetical economy in billions
of dollars: government purchases ($940); personal consumption expenditures ($4,920);
imports ($170); exports ($133); gross private domestic investment ($640). What is
GDP in this economy?
A)
$6,463 billion
B)
$6,500 billion
C)
$6,537 billion
D)
$6,633 billion
Ans:
A940+4920+(133-170)+640
8. Disinvestment occurs when:
A)
businesses sell machinery and equipment to one another.
B)
the prices of investment goods rise faster than the prices of consumer goods.
C)
businesses have larger inventories at the end of the year than they had at the
start.
D)
the consumption of private fixed capital exceeds private domestic
investment.
Ans:
D
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9. If nominal GDP in one year is $5000 billion and the price index is 135, the real GDP
that year is 3,704 billion.
True of False?
Ans: True5000/1.35
10. The value of the personal labour time spent repairing a home is included in GDP.
True of False?
Ans: False
11. The GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced by the economy in one
year.
True of False?
Ans: False only the monetary value final goods are included
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