Introduction to Ethics-Phil. 227 Bibliography for
A or B Research Papers
The following list of articles from professional books and journals maybe used for completing
the requirements for a A or B grade in the course. Copies of the articles can be borrowed from
the Philosophy Department ( MAN 127). The sources from which these copies were taken are
also located in the Philosophy Department. Students are welcome to browse through these
materials before choosing their topics for papers.
Students who wish a grade of B are required to read and report on at least 30 pages of
professional writing. This can be accomplished by reading one or more articles on the list (or,
with the instructor’s approval, articles of a similar nature and difficulty). For each article,
students must submit an essay, half of which will be a summary and half of which will consist of
personal reflections on the reading.
Students who wish a grade of A may, in consultation with the instructor, choose some aspect of
an ethical issue found either in the bibliography or elsewhere, The readings on this list and
additional resources in the Philosophy Department will generally provide students with much of
the basic research materials needed to complete their papers. Guidelines for writing the project
are contained in the course objectives, and additional help is always available from the instructor
and Learning Assistant.
The following is a list of topics that are included in this bibliography. The topics are separated
into two categories: they are listed alphabetically by theory and by issue:
Theories:
Ancient Greek Ethics
Feminist Theory
Ethical Egoism
Kantian Theory
Relativism
Utilitarianism
Issues:
Abortion
Adultery
Affirmative Action
Animal Rights
Bioethics
Business Ethics
Capital Punishment
Censorship and Pornography
Ethics and Religion
Ethics and Violence
Ethics and War
Environmental Ethics
Euthanasia
Homosexuality
Justice
Sexual Ethics
Sexual Harassment
Social Responsibility
Suicide
Surrogate Motherhood
1
LIST OF ARTICLES
______________________________________________________________________ Abortion
“Abortion and Infanticide”
by Michael Tooley
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Abortion Issue”
by Mary Anne Warren
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Abortion: The Moral Status of die Unborn”
by Richard Werner
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“A Defense of Abortion”
by Judith Jarvis-Thomson
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion”
by Mary Anne Warren
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Roe v. Wade”
by the United States Supreme Court
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Status of the Fetus”
by Richard Wasserstrom
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“A Third Way”
by Wayne Sumner
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Why Abortion is Immoral ”
by Don Marquis
2
____________________________________________________________________ Adultery
“Is Adultery Immoral?”
by Richard A. Wasserstrom
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“
Marriage and Morals”
by Bertrand Russell
_____________________________________________________________ Affirmative Action
“Affirmative Action: The Price of Preference”
by Shelley Steele
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“A Case for Race-Consciousness”
by T. Alexander Aleinikoff
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“A Defense of Programs of Preferential Treatment”
by Richard Wasserstrom
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Justifying Reverse Discrimination in Employment”
by George Sher
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Morality of Reparation”
by Bernard R. Boxhill
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Preferential Hiring and Compensation”
by Robert K. Fullinwider
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Race and Constitution”
by Carl Cohen
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
“Reverse Discrimination and Compensatory Justice”
by William T. Blackstone
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Reverse Discrimination as Unjustified”
by Lisa Newton
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Secondary Sexism and Quota Hiring”
by Mary Anne Warren
___________________________________________________________ Ancient Greek Ethics
“The Classical View of Crito”
by Plato
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Happiness, Function, and Virtue”
by Aristotle
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Myth of the Cave”
by Plato
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Nichomachean Ethics”
by Aristotle
“The Ring of Gyges”
by Plato
_________________________________________________________________ Animal Rights
“All Animals Are Equal”
by Peter Singer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Case For the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research”
by Carl Cohen
4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Do Animals Have Rights?”
by Tibar R. Machan
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Immoral and Moral Uses of Animals”
by Christine Haff
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Not For Humans Only: The Place of Nonhumans in Environmental Issues”
by Peter Singer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Rights of Animals and Unborn Generations”
by Joel Feinberg
“The Rights of Non-Humans and Intrinsic Values”
by William Godfrey-Smith
______________________________________________________________________ Bioethics
“Fetal Research”
by Peter Singer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Fetus as Guinea Pig”
by Maggie Scarf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“HIV-Infected Physicians and the Practice of Seriously Invasive Procedures”
by Lawrence O. Gostin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“HIV Testing: Voluntary, Mandatory, or Routine?”
by Theresa L. Crenshaw
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
“Is There a Neonatal Right to Life?”
by Donald Van De Veer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Neonatal Moral Standing”
by Donald Van De Veer
_______________________________________________________________ Business Ethics
“Balanced Protection Policies”
by Benson Rosen and Catherine Schwoerer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Blowing the Whistle on Corporate Conduct”
by David Clutterbuck
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Can an Executive Afford a Conscience?”
by Albert Z. Carr
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Changing Attitude to Work and Lifestyles”
by Jerome M. Rosow
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Corporate Responses to Consumerism Pressures”
by David A. Craker and George S. Day
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Corporate Responsibility”
by Mark Albion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Danger of Social Responsibility”
by Theodore Levitt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
“Drug Testing in Employment”
by Ronald Duska
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“An Employer’s Right to Privacy?”
by Ted J. Rokstis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethical Chic”
by Peter F. Drucker
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethics and Common Sense”
by Minda Zetlin
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethics and Profits Don’t Always Go Hand in Hand”
by David Vogel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethics in Practice”
by Kenneth R. Andrews
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Hooker Chemical and Love Canal”
by Tom L. Beauchamp and Martha W. Elliot
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The House Divided Against Itself”
by John Dewey
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Is Business Bluffing Ethical?”
by Albert Z. Carr
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7
“Is Inheritance Justified?”
by D. W. Haslett
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Morality (?) of Advertising”
by Theodore Levitt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Privacy, Polygraph, and Work”
by George G. Brenhert
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Profit Motive”
by Peter Drucker
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Rich and Poor”
by Peter Singer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Rights and the Market”
by Peter Singer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Trade Secrets: What Price Loyalty?”
by Michael S. Baram
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Understanding Pressures That Cause Unethical Behavior in Business”
by O. C. Farrell and John Fraedrick
____________________________________________________________ Capital Punishment
“Against Capital Punishment”
by Victor H. Evjen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Capital Punishment”
by Hugo Adam Bedau
8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Capital Punishment and Social Defense”
by Hugo Adam Bedau
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Death Penalty as a Deterrent: Argument and Evidence”
by Hugo Adam Bedau
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Death Sentence”
by Sidney Hook
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“In Favor of Capital Punishment”
by Jacques Barzun
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“On Deterrence and the Death Penalty”
by Ernest Van Den Haag
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Race and the Death Penalty”
by Anthony G. Amsterdam
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Right to Life and Capital Punishment”
by Hugo Adam Bedau
____________________________________________________ Censorship and Pornography
“Making the World Safe for Pornography”
by Edward J. Mishan
“Beyond the (Garbage) Pale-or Democracy, Censorship and the Arts”
by Walter Berns
“Pornography Without Prejudice”
by G. L. Simons
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9
“The Obscenity Muddle”
by Paul Bender
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Pornography and the Alienation of Male Sexuality”
by Harry Brod
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Pornography and Respect for Women”
by Ann Garry
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Pornography, Civil Rights and Speech”
by Catharine MacKinnon
___________________________________________________________ Environmental Ethics
“A Critique of Anti-Anthropocentric Ethics”
By Richard Watson
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Land Ethic”
By Aldo Leopold
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“On Preserving the Natural Environment”
by Mark Sagoff
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Search for an Environmental Ethic”
by J. Baird Calicott
_________________________________________________________________Ethical Egoism
“In Defense of Ethical Egoism”
by Ayn Rand
“A Critique of Ethical Egoism”
by James Rachels
________________________________________________________________ Ethics and Law
10
“Crimes Without Victims”
by Edwin M. Shur
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Morals and the Criminal Law”
by Patrick Devlin
___________________________________________________________ Ethics and Religion
“Ethics Without Religion”
by Kai Nielsen
___________________________________________________________ Ethics and Violence
“Date Rape: A Feminist Perspective”
by Lois Pineau
“Date Rape: Another Perspective”
by Camille Paglia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Fraternities and Rape on Campus”
by Patricia Yancey Martin and Robert A. Hammer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Morality and Violence”
by Jan Narveson
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Representation of Violence Against Women in Legal Culture”
by Kristin Bumiller
__________________________________________________________________ Euthanasia
“Active and Passive Euthanasia”
by James Rachels
“Control of Death”
by Joseph Fletcher
“Against the Control of Death”
by Leonard J. Weber
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Defective Newborns and the Morality of Termination”
by Richard B. Brandt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Some Non-Religious Views Against Proposed `Mercy Killing” Legislation”
by Yale Kamisar
“Euthanasia Legislation: Rejoinder to Non-Religious Objections”
by Granville Williams
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Intentional Termination of Life”
by Bonnie Steinbock
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Morality and Rationality of Suicide”
by Richard B. Brandt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia”
by J. Gay-Williams
_______________________________________________________________ Feminist Theory
“Rights, Justice, and Euthanasia”
by Bertram and Elsie Bandmon
“The Ethics of Care”
by Carol Gilligan
_________________________________________________________________ Homosexuality
“Homosexuality and Natural Law”
by Burton Leiser
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Homosexuality and the `Unnaturalness Argument”“
by Burton M. Leiser
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Is Homosexuality Bad Sexuality?”
by Michael Ruse
12
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Why Homosexuality is Abnormal”
by Michael Levin
________________________________________________________________________ Justice
“Distributive Justice”
by John Rawls
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Justice as Entitlement”
by Robert Nozick
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Two Concepts of Rules”
by John Rawls
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------________________________________________________________________ Kantian Theory
“Ethical Theories”
by Immanuel Kant
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative”
by Immanuel Kant
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Morality and the Categorical Imperative"
by Immanuel Kant
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"The Tyranny of Principles"
by Stephen Toulmin
___________________________________________________________________ Punishment
"The Crime of Punishment"
13
by Karl Menniger
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"The Humanitarian Theory of Punishment”
By C.S. Lewis
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"The Justification of Punishment"
by R. S. Downie
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"The Problem of the Mentally Abnormal Offender"
by Barbara Wootton
____________________________________________________________________ Relativism
"The Challenge of Cultural Relativism"
by James Rachels
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------"Cultural Relativism and Cultural Values"
by Melville J. Herskovits
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“A Defense of Moral Relativism”
by Ruth Benedict
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethical Relativism”
by Paul W. Taylor
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethical Relativity”
by Edward Westermarck
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14
“Ethics Are Relative”
by Ruth Benedict
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethics Are Not Relative”
by W. T. Stace
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Problem of Relativism”
by John Hospers
_____________________________________________________________________ Sex Roles
“Androgyny as an Ideal for Human Development”
by Ann Ferguson
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Sex Roles and the Ideal Society”
by Richard Wasserstrom
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Two Forms of Androgynism”
by Joyce Trebilcot
__________________________________________________________________ Sexual Ethics
“Sex And Perversion”
by Robert Solomon
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Plain Sex”
by Alan Goldman
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Sexual Perversion”
by Thomas Nagel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“What is Wrong With Incest?”
15
by Jerome Neu
_____________________________________________________________ Sexual Harassment
“Racism and Sexism: A False Analogy”
by Ann Dummett
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Sexual Harassment”
by Susan M. Dodds, Lucy Frost, Robert Pergetter, Elizabeth W. Prior
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Stopping Sexual Harassment Before It Begins”
by Robert K. McCalla
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Dealing With Sexual Harassment”
by Alan Deutschman
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Companies Try a Variety of Approaches to Halt Sexual Harassment”
by Joann S. Lublin
__________________________________________________________ Sex Without Marriage
“Sex Without Love”
by Albert Ellis
____________________________________________________________ Social Responsibility
“Determining Moral Responsibility in an Age of Shortage”
by Robert Mellert
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Famine, Affluence, and Morality”
by Peter Singer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Carrying Capacity as an Ethical Concept”
16
by Garrett Hardin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Folkways”
by William Graham Sumner
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ideal Population Size and Our Responsibility to Future Generations”
by Robert Mellert
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor”
by Garrett Hardin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Living on a Lifeboat”
by Garrett Hardin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“On What We Aim At and How We Live”
by Julius M. E. Moravcsik
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Toward Alternative Futures”
by Ron Barnes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Triage: Who Shall Be Fed? Who Shall Starve?”
by Wade Green
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Who Shall Live When Not All Can Live?”
by James F. Childress
_______________________________________________________________________ Suicide
“The Morality and Rationality of Suicide”
by Richard Brandt
17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Problems of Suicide Intervention”
by Tom L. Beauchamp
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Two Opposed Philosophies of Suicide”
by Tom L. Beauchamp
__________________________________________________________ Surrogate Motherhood
“Is Woman”s Labor a Commodity?”
by Elizabeth S. Anderson
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Paid Surrogacy: Arguments and Responses”
by Heidi Malm
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Selling Babies and Selling Bodies”
by Sara Ann Ketchum
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Commodification or Compensation: A Reply to Ketchum”
by H. M. Malm
__________________________________________________________________Utilitarianism
“A Critique of Utilitarianism”
by Bernard Williams
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Principle of Utility”
by Jeremy Bentham
“Quantitative Utilitarianism”
by Jeremy Bentham
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18
“Qualitative Utilitarianism”
by John Stuart Mill
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Utilitarianism”
by J. J. C. Smart
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Utilitarianism”
by John Stuart Mill
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Toward a Credible Form of Utilitarianism”
by Richard B. Brandt
____________________________________________________________________ War Ethics
“Democracy and the Problem of War”
by John Somerville
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Ethics and Nuclear Deterrence”
by Douglas Lackey
“Ethic and War: A Catholic View”
By Joseph McKenna
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Just War”
by Joseph McKenna
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“The Morality of Using Nuclear Weapons”
by Manuel Velasquez
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“Nuclear War”
by Jan Narveson
19
“Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch”
By Immanuel Kant
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“War and Murder”
by G. E. M. Anscombe
20