LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ASSIGNMENT
13.1 Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system consists of ____________________________ and ________________________. The three main
functions of the lymphatic system are _____________________, ____________________________, and ____________
__________________________________________. The lymphatic system aids in fluid balance by taking up excess
_______________________ and returning it to the _________________________. The lymphatic system absorbs fats
from the __________________________. The special capillaries that transport fats are celled _____________________.
Lymphatic Vessels
The fluid inside of lymphatic vessels is called _____________________. The smallest lymphatic vessels are called
_______________________________________. These smaller vessels join together to form larger lymphatic vessels,
which eventually enter either the _____________________duct, or the ______________________ duct. These ducts
return the lymph fluid to either the left or right __________________________________________.
13.2 Organs, Tissues, and Cells of the Immune System
Primary Lymphatic Organs
The primary lymphatic organs are the ___________________________ and the ________________________. Red bone
marrow is found in the __________________, _____________________, _________________, ________________,
_____________________, and the proximal ends of the ____________________and ___________________. The
thymus gland is located in the _____________________________. ___________________________ originate and/or
mature in the primary lymphatic organs.
Secondary Lymphatic Organs
The secondary lymphatic organs are where lymphocytes bind to foreign proteins that are known as
___________________________. The largest lymphatic organ is the ________________, which is found in the
_____________________________________________. The small oval organs that are located along lymphatic vessels
are the _______________________________. A cluster of lymphatic tissue that is not enclosed by a capsule is called a
_________________________. Examples of this type of organ that are found in the pharynx are the
_____________________. There are __________________________, _________________________, and
_______________________tonsils. Additional modules are found in the wall of the intestine. These are known as
_________________________. Additional nodules are found in the ______________________.
13.3 Nonspecific and Specific Defenses
Nonspecific Defenses
Barriers to Entry
Physical barriers to entry of pathogens include intact ______________________ and ___________________________.
Chemical barriers include secretions of the __________________________ and the _______________________ in the
skin. An enzyme called _______________________ helps to kill bacteria. The microbes that usually are found on the
skin and in body cavities compete with disease-causing microbes. These harmless microbes are referred to as
_________________________________.
Inflammatory Reaction
Inflammation reaction is a general response to tissue injury; the response is the same whether ____________________
agents, ______________ agents, or ____________________ cause the injury. The four signs of inflammation are
_______________________, _______________________, ______________________, and _______________________.
Natural Killer Cells
These are special white blood cells, which kill _______________________ cells and ______________________cells.
Protective Proteins
Protective proteins in the blood plasma include the ____________________ system and ____________________.
Specific Defenses
Specific defenses involve ___________________________ responding to specific foreign ________________________.
B lymphocytes mature in the ______________________, while T lymphocytes mature in the _____________________.
B lymphocytes form _______________________, which produce _________________________; these are proteins that
neutralize specific antigens. __________, __________, __________, __________, and __________ are all examples of
categories of antibodies. T lymphocytes include ___________________________________________, which destroy
________________________________ cells and __________________________cells and ________________________,
which secrete chemical that enhance the immune response of ____________________________,
_____________________, and other _________________________________.