Vice President
Born and died:
Thomas R. Marshall
12/29/18562/3/1924
Political Party:
Democrat
State elected From:
New Jersey
Born in: Virginia
Political Platform:
New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson
1913-1921
(1) Election of 1912- Teddy caused the Republican
vote to split- allowing Wilson (the democrat) to win
(a)William Howard Taft
Republican- the incumbent- no
platform
(b)Thomas Woodrow Wilson
Democrat- New FreedomHE WON!!!
(c) Theodore Roosevelt
Progressive Party- New Nationalism took over
half of Republican vote
DOMESTIC
POLITICAL/ ECONOMIC/ SOCIAL
I. “New Freedom”
(Political/Economic)
Political/ Economic
A. Wilson’s Political Platform:
“New Freedom” called for 3
major areas of reform
(change):
1.Tariff
2. Banking and Monetary
3. Business and Labor
B. Tariff & Banking
Reform
(Economic)
(5) Underwood Tariff of 1913
a. Replaced the Payne-Aldrich Tariff
b. Sponsored by Rep. Underwood (AL)
c. Reduced the tariff rate from 37%
to 27%
d. Placed items such as iron,
steel, and
raw wool on the free list.
(“free list” = no tariff)
e. Promoted the federal income tax (as established
in the 16th Amendment of 1909)
(6) Federal Reserve Act of 1913
a. Created the modern Federal Reserve System
b. Established
a 3-tiered banking system:
i. Federal Reserve Board- a group appointed by
the president and in charge of running
the
system.
ii. 12 Federal Reserve Banks- served as the
bankers’ banks and were not for public
use.
iii. Private Banks- kept a portion of their
capital on deposit at a federal reserve bank.
i. Federal Reserve Board
ii. 12 Federal Reserve Banks
iii. Private Banks
The US Dollar
• The circle/letter combination tells where the
dollars are from… Let’s see if this class can
find all 12!... Get out your dollars
1. Boston, Massachusetts
4. Cleveland, Ohio
7. Chicago, Illinois
10. Kansas City, Kansas
2. New York, New York
3. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
5. Richmond, Virginia 6. Atlanta, Georgia
8. St. Louis, Missouri 9. Minneapolis, Minnesota
11. Dallas, Texas
12. San Francisco, California
C. Business/ Labor
Reform
1. Wilson’s first progressive act was to add the
position of Secretary of Labor to his cabinet.
William B. Wilson
(no relation to pres)
i. founder of United
Mine Workers
ii. House Labor
Committee Chair
iii. helped in creating Dept. of Labor
(8)Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
a. Wilson believed that in order to protect small
businesses, more limits needed to be placed on
the power of monopolies.
b. Large companies could not sell goods below cost
to drive competitors out of business.
c. Large companies could not buy competing
companies’ stock in order to create a monopoly.
d. It legalized tools of collective bargaining such as
peaceful strikes, pickets, and boycotts.
(9) Federal Trade Commission
a. Established in 1914
b. Allowed small businesses to better compete
with big businesses.
c. President appointed members to the
commission.
d. The
FTC had the power to
investigate the business
practices of interstate
corporations.
e. However, its powers were limited by the
Supreme Court.
4. The
Keating-Owen Act of 1916
a. Child labor law that barred the shipment of
goods manufactured by children under 14.
b. Supreme Court struck it down in Hammer v.
Dagenhart (1918).
c. Congress responded with the Child
Labor Act of 1919 which placed a
10% tax on the profits of companies employing
children.
i. This too was declared unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture
Co. (1922).
The law forbade the transportation among
states of products of factories, shops or
canneries employing children under 14 years
of age, of mines employing children under
16 years of age, and the products of any of
these employing children under 16 who
worked at night or more than eight hours a
day.
5. Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916
a. provided low-interest loans to farmers
6. Adamson Act of 1916
a. RR strike threatens to paralyze the nation’s
rails.
b. Wilson’s arbitration attempts with both sides
failed.
c. Congress
passed this act,
reducing RR workers’
workdays from 10 hours to
8 hours.
II. Social Issues
(2) 1912- New Mexico and Arizona become 47th
and 48th states- completing the 48 contiguous states.
Wilson is the first to be elected by the 48 states
A. Sixteenth
Amendment
(3)16th Amendment- Passed in 1913
1. Provided for Graduated Income
Tax (a push started by farmers and other
Populists during the late 1800s.)
2. It was written under Taft and ratified under
Wilson.
A. Seventeenth
Amendment
(4)17th Amendment- Passed in 1913
1. Provided for the Direct Election
of Senators (a push started by farmers
and other Populists during the late 1800s.)
2. Earned the support of Wilson because of his
interest in lessening the power of the state
political machines.
B. Eighteenth
Amendment
th
18
(27)
Amendment- Passed in
1919
1. Called for PROHIBITION: the outlawing
of the sale, purchase, or
consumption of alcohol.
2. Wilson supported prohibition both publicly
and privately.
C. The Increasing Demand
for Women’s Rights and
minority rights
1. Suffragettes: women who fought for their right to
vote. Some even died in protests to earn this right.
a.
Alice Paul and Carrie
Chapman Catt of the NAWSA (Nat’l Amer. Woman
They were led by
Suffrage Assoc.)
b.
National Woman’s
Party in 1916.
Paul helped form the
Washington DC ,Suffrage March
2. Wilson came out in support of women’s
suffrage in 1918.
(31) The 19th Amendment will be ratified
in 1920, giving women
the right to vote
(more to come…)
(12) KKK - The Birth of a Nation
• The Birth of a Nation was a silent film
directed by D. W. Griffith and released in
1915, is one of the most influential and
controversial of American motion pictures.
Set during and after the American Civil War.
It has provoked great controversy for its
treatment of white supremacy and
sympathetic account of the rise of the Ku
Klux Klan.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist
organizations in the US, generally in the southern states, that are best known for
advocating white supremacy and acting as vigilantes while hidden behind cone masks
and white robes. The KKK has a record of terrorism, violence, and lynching to
intimidate and oppress African Americans, Jews, and Roman Catholics during periods
of turmoil.
(14) Margaret Sanger- Birth Control
An American birth control activist, and the founder of the
American Birth Control League (which eventually became
Planned Parenthood). Initially met with fierce opposition to
her ideas, Sanger gradually won some support, both in the
public as well as in the courts, for a woman's choice to
decide how and when, if ever, she will bear children.