A.P. Human Geography Fall Midterm
Student Growth Assessment 2 of 5
Written: 2012-2013
Implemented: 2012-2013

1. The word "geography" literally means
(A) the study of space.
(B) earth study.
(C) people and nature.
(D) earth writing.
(E) human ground.
2. In which of the following countries would you expect to find the highest rate of population growth?
(A) Canada
(B) Namibia
(C) Sweden
(D) Chile
(E) United States
3. Which of the following projections places the
North or South Pole at the center of the view?
(A) Azimuthal
(B) Choropleth
(C) Pole view
(D) Fuller's
(E) Mercator
4. Cartography is the art and science of
(A) demographics
(B) map-making
(C) spatial orientation
(D) cognitive imagery
(E) spatial decision making
5. A population pyramid
(A) shows the age and sex structure of a population
(B) cannot be used to compare two different countries
(C) demonstrates the demographic transition model
(D) only accurately depicts declining populations
(E) is most useful in illustrating social upheaval
6. The Pleistocene overkill theory argues that
(A) hearths of early agriculture resulted from environmental conditions
(B) geographers have overemphasized the importance of environmental conditions in human history
(C) poor environmental management resulted in the ecological collapse of the Fertile Crescent
(D) current human geography is not a product of the distant past
(E) hunter-gatherers caused the extinction of many species after the end of the last ice age
7. In an address to the 1994 United Nations International
Conference on Population and Development, India argued that, although population growth has placed pressure on the world's natural resources, _________ by industrialized nations has also had extreme consequences for environmental quality.
(A) fiscal policy
(B) material consumption
(C) tourism
(D) international aid
(E) racism
8. Geographical research that applies only to one place or region is
(A) nomothetic
(B) denominational
(C) idiographic
(D) nonscientific
(E) cultural studies
9. Approximately how long did it take for Eurasian hunter-gatherers to reach the tip of South America after their initial arrival in Alaska?
(A) 500 years
(B) 2,000 years
(C) 5,000 years
(D) 20,000 years
(E) 40,000 years

10. The demographic accounting equation computes future population as a function of current population:
(A) + births - infant mortality + cohort
(B) + births - deaths X life expectancy
(C) + births - deaths + immigration - emigration
(D) births / deaths - immigration + emigration
(E) + immigration - emigration X demographic transition
11. Longitude is
(A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian
(B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich,
England
(C) the angular distance north or south of the equator
(D) useful in determining relative location
(E) useful in describing a place's situation
12. The demographic transition model posits that
. population growth
(B) pre-industrial states will have both low birth and death rates
(C) countries with high levels of economic production will have lower birth rates
(D) underdeveloped countries cannot become developed
(E) time is the dominant force behind population change
13. ___ maps work well for locating and navigating between places, while ___ maps display one or more variables across a specific space.
(A) Reference… thematic
(B) Thematic…reference
(C) Spatial…cartographic
(D) Cartographic ... spatial
(E) Topologic ... choropleth
14. Latitude is
(A) the angular distance north or south of the prime meridian.
(B) the angular distance east or west of Greenwich,
England.
(C) the angular distance north or south of the equator.
(D) useful in determining relative location
(E) a measure of social or political freedom
15. According to Thomas Malthus, ______ grows arithmetically, but ______ grows geometrically.
(A) population . . . food production
(B) passion between the sexes . . . willingness to have sex
(C) food production. . . population
(D) technology. . . environmental impact
(E) population. . . technology
16. In the gravity model of spatial interaction, population and distance
(A) are inversely related
(B) are directly related
(C) each have multiple measures
(D) do not affect the final solution
(E) vary significantly
17. All choropleth maps use
(A) shading and coloring
(B) isolines
(C) dots
(D) graphs and charts
(E) the Mercator projection
18. Cartographic scale refers to
(A) the size of an object in the real world
(B) the number of different objects depicted on the map
(C) the projection
(D) the relation between a distance on a map and distance on the ground
(E) angular distance from the equator
19. Which of the following factors is most responsible for the dramatic demographic collapse of Native
Americans during the Colonial Period?
(A) The slave trade
(B) Eurasian diseases
(C) The hacienda system
(D) Language extinction
(E) Civil war

20. The National Geographic Society uses the Robinson
(A) it is the only perfectly proportioned projection
(B) it fits on the pages
(C) it is versatile and aesthetically pleasing
(D) it orients the United States in the center of the world
(E) it sells at the newsstands
21. Geographic information systems use ______ to display multiple spatial data sets.
(A) thematic layers
(B) cartograms
(C) remotely sensed images
(D) dot maps
(E) isolines
22. The _____ will increase over the next decade, as baby boomers reach old age and are no longer able to work and provide for themselves.
(A) poverty line
(B) population pyramid
(C) arithmetic density
(D) dependency ratio
(E) doubling time
23. When the crude birth rate is higher than the crude death rate, the difference between the two is called the
(A) total fertility rate
(B) replacement rate
(C) natural increase
(D) natural decrease
(E) life expectancy
Bay
24. Maps like the one shown here are referred to as
(A) perceptual regions
(B) false maps
(C) nodes
(D) cognitive maps
(E) functional regions
25. Which of the following is true based on the map of global voluntary migration flows shown here?
(A) Europe is experiencing significant out migration
(B) Colombians are leaving their homeland
(C) Climate is a significant pull factor
(D) Asians from a variety of countries are moving to the
United States
(E) Australians are global wanderers

26. The distance north and south of the equator is the
(A) global grid system
(B) Prime Meridian
(C) latitude
(D) longitude
(E) scale
27. Which form of migration below are farm workers from another country most likely to be practicing during the year?
17.
(B) Cluster migration
(C) Circular migration
(D) International migration
(E) International travel
28. Of these, the map using the smallest map scale would be the map of
(A) the world
(B) Atlanta, Georgia
(C) Main Street, Small Town, Ohio
(D) Pennsylvania
(E) South America
29. All of the following are reasons major cities attract young people in Latin America EXCEPT
(A) the availability of jobs
(B) the potential for decent housing
(C) educational opportunities
(D) their families live there already
(E) the urban lifestyle
31. The use and spread of English in nineteenth-century
India is an example of what type of diffusion?
(A) Stimulus
(B) Contagious
(C) Hierarchal
(D) Relocation
(E) Migratory
32. World population tends to be concentrated
(A) in continental interiors
(B) on continental margins
(C) in the desert
(D) in the tropical lowlands and river valleys
(E) at higher elevations
33. The "melting pot" theory of combining several immigrant groups into one mainstream culture is called
(A) amalgamation theory
(B) acculturation
(C) ethnic islands
(D) ethnic clustering
(E) cluster migration
34. Which of the following world regions is NOT considered one of the world's most densely populated regions?
(A) South Asia
(B) Europe
(C) South America
(D) Northeast United States
(E) East Asia
30. Which country below is best represented by a population pyramid with a broad base that slopes quickly to a narrow top?
(A) France
(B) Russia
(C) Austria
(D) Uganda
(E) Italy
35. Which one of the following is NOT a centripetal force in a state?
(A) A high level of confidence in central government
(B) The existence of strong separatist groups
(C) The existence of national transportation networks
(D) The national anthem
(E) The national flag

36. What is the population statistic that tells us the level of fertility at which a population will have just enough births to replace parents and compensate for early deaths?
(A) Crude birth rate
(B) Replacement level
(C) Mortality rate
(D) Total fertility rate
(E) Crude death rate
37. Which of the following statements regarding historical North American migration streams is
NOT correct?
(A) Canada's first major migration came from France
(B) Canada's second major migration stream originated in the British Isles.
(C) Canada's third major migration stream came from
Latin America.
(D) The first major migration wave to the United States originated in Europe.
(E) The last major wave of immigration to the United
States from Latin America and Asia
38. A map that presents a single class of statistics is called a 22.
(A) general purpose map
(B) thematic map
(C) reference map
(D) mental map
(E) location map
39. Which of the following is a centrifugal force in a country?
(A) Religious differences
(B) A national holiday
(C) An attack by another country
(D) A charismatic national leader
(E) Effective national government
40. Which one of the following groups is excluded from the caste system of Hinduism?
(A) Scholar-priests
(B) Warrior-landowners
(C) Businessmen and farmers
(D) Servants
(E) Untouchables
41. Which one of the following North American associations is NOT correct?
(A) Southeast-African Americans
(B) Oklahoma and the Southwest-Native Americans
(C) Quebec and northern Maine-French Americans and
French Canadians
(D) Southern California-Hispanic Americans
(E) Southern prairie provinces-African Americans
42. Which of the following factors has little or no impact on mortality rates in the developing countries?
(A) New medicines
(B) Improved birth control methods
(C) Pesticides
(D) Famine relief
(E) Improved vaccines
United States Population, 2000
43. According to the population pyramid above, which one of the following statements is correct?
(A) The death rate exceeds the birth rate
(B) The economically active and productive population is too small to support the youth and old-age population
(C) Gender numbers are nearly identical until the
older-age cohort is reached
(D) The population is experiencing a rapid growth rate
(E) The population is experiencing a high mortality rate

44. Which one of the following items is an example of nonmaterial culture?
(A) Dove soap
(B) Dove candy bar
(C) Dove symbol
(D) A dove (bird)
(E) Dove stew
45. The process whereby an immigrant learns the values, language, and customs of their new country is called
(A) assimilation
(B) acculturation
(C) adaptation
(D) amalgamation
(E) dispersion
46. The map shown above is the following type of map:
(A) statistical map
(B) topographic map
(C) general-purpose map
(D) dot-distribution map
(E) graduated circle map
47. Which one of the following demographic factors characterizes states 4 and 5 in the demographic transition model?
(A) Zero population growth
(B) High mortality rates
(C) High birth rates
(D) High sex ratios
(E) Overpopulation
48. Which of the following is a major concern in countries with a large and rapidly aging population?
(A) Immunization
(B) Adequate schools
(C) Daycare facilities
(D) Birth control
(E) Health care
49. If you wanted to find the global distribution of coal, you would use a
(A) reference map
(B) topographic map
(C) thematic map
(D) location map
(E) general-purpose map
50. Which of the following best describes a "push factor" that would cause rural people in the Third-
World to leave their farms and migrate away from their home community?
(A) Guest worker policies in First-World countries
(B) Civil war or armed conflict in the rural countryside
(C) Job opportunities in manufacturing
(D) Access to services and education opportunities in cities
(E) Decreasing land costs for farmers
51. The concept where physical geographic factors such as soils, climate and resources shape a specific culture group's behavior and practices is known as
(A) transhumance
(B) cultural imperialismo
(C) convergence zones
(D) environmental determinism
(E) Tobler's law

52. The long-term demographic effect of the One-Child
Policy in China has been
(A) large-scale out-migration of Chinese to foreign countries
(B) reduction of the total fertility rate below the replacement rate
(C) mass rural to urban migration
(D) smaller total population of China
(E) in-migration of foreign guest workers to fill low-paying service jobs
53. The effects of increasing worldwide use of the
Internet, popularity of Hollywood movies and consumption of other English-language media would be examples of
(A) cultural globalization
(B) expansion diffusion
(C) the Anatolian migration
(D) contagious diffusion
(E) vernacular regions
Use the following diagram to answer Question 54-57
55. As shown in Stage 4 of the model, birth rates can dip below death rates. A country that would be an example of this phenomenon would be
(A) Sweden
(B) Mexico
(C) Brazil
(D) United States
(E) India
56. In countries that would fall into Stage 2 of the model, the economy would be best characterized as
(A) service-based
(B) heavy industrial
(C) agricultural
(D) high technology
(E) post-industrial
57. In the diagram the point where population growth would at its highest rate would be
(A) the beginning of Stage 1
(B) the end of Stage 4
(C) the line between Stage 1 and Stage 2
(D) the line between Stage 2 and Stage 3
(E) the line between Stage 3 and Stage 4
54. The diagram above displays the concept known as
(A)Population Density
(B) Demographic Transition Theory
(C) Malthusian Theory
(D) Rate of Natural Increase
(E) Total Fertility Rate
58. The large-scale mortality in the population of Native
Americans during the decades following European settlement from 1492 onward was vastly the result of
(A) warfare with invading European armies
(B) changes in global climate which lead to crop failures and sea-level rise
(C) slavery and forced labor in European-owned colonial plantations
(D) infectious diseases introduced by European explorers and colonists
(E) colonial government policies restricting the number of children in native families

59. The borders of American South or "Dixie" as a culture region are
(A) defined by the locations of all NASCAR races and country music radio stations
(B) poorly-defined fuzzy borders which overlap other American culture regions
(C) a finite political boundary which surrounds the
Civil War-era Confederate states
(D) defined by the planting range of agricultural products like peanuts and cotton
(E) a measurable transition zone of 10 miles along the Mason-Dixon line
60. "Doubling time," or the number of years required for a population to double in size, can be estimated by
(A) dividing the total population by the Total
Fertility Rate
(B) counting back the number of years to when the population was half the current size
(C) multiplying the Total Fertility Rate by the Rate of Natural Increase
(D) dividing 70 by the Rate of Natural Increase
(E) multiplying the Rate of Natural Increase by the
Total Life Expectancy
61. Which of the following population statistics would be commonly found in newly industrialized countries
(NICs)?
(A) slow population growth and rapid urban to rural migration
(B) zero population growth and rapid rural to urban migration
(C) high population growth and rapid rural to urban migration
(D) high population growth and rapid urban to rural migration
(E) slow population growth and rapid rural to urban migration
62. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) can be defined as
(A) the estimated number of children born to each father during a one-year period
(B) the difference between crude birth rates and crude death rates divided by 10
(C) the estimated number of children born to each female of birthing age (ages 15-45)
(D) the total number of children each female given birth in the previous ten-year period
(E) the number of children per family required to replace the previous generation
63. The concept of scale, in terms of the geographical analysis of population, would be divided upon levels such as
(A) private, business, government
(B) 1:24,000, 1:1,000,000, 1:6,000,000
(C) census tract, city, county
(D) male, female, dependents
(E) gender, age, ethnicity
64. Pollution in the form of acid rain that can damage natural forest and lake environments is primarily the result of
(A) the combustion of natural gas for home heating and industrial production
(B) the burning of coal for electrical and industrial production
(C ) the use of hydrochloric acid in factories
(D) airborne emissions from petroleum refineries
(E) water vapor from nuclear plant cooling towers
65. The identity of mestizos in Latin America is a mixture of culture and heritage from
(A) Africans and Native Americans
(B) multiple tribes from what is today California
(C) Europeans and Africans
(D) Native Americans and Europeans
(E) Asians and Africans
66. Improvements in health care systems, sanitation infrastructure and personal nutrition are factors that lead to
(A) increased total fertility rate and higher birth rates
(B) increased birth rates and decreased life expectancy
(C) decreased life expectancy and increased total fertility rates
(D) increased infant mortality rates and increased total fertility rates
(E) decreased infant mortality rates and increased life expectancy

67. Friedrich Ratzel is noted as the geographer who
(A) established the concept of Heartlands and Rimlands in political geography in 1904
(B) devised the map and internal boundaries of colonial Africa at the Berlin Conference in 1884
(C) established contemporary human geography at the
University of Berlin during the 1800s
(D) first proposed the Concentric Zone model of urban geographic form in the 1920s
(E) proposed German expansion into the Eurasian steppes as a strategy prior to World War II
68. The Prime Meridian is
(A) located in Greenwich, Connecticut
(B) 0° longitude
(C) a meridian that cannot be divided by a whole number
(D) 23°30’ N latitude
(E) 180° longitude
71. The existence of Hindu Indian communities in places such as Guyana, Fiji, and South Africa is the result of
(A) relocation diffusion
(B) colonial-era labor migrations
(C) religious conversions
(D) migrants to high-technology development zones
(E) rural to urban migration
72. The relationship between an object on the surface of the Earth and the same object on a map projection is known as what?
(A) Map class
(B) Map projection
(C) Map scale
(D) Map distortion
(E) Map direction
69. The decrease in trade or interaction between different places as the distance between places increases is defined as
(A) elasticity
(B) friction of distance
(C) distance decay
(D) segregation
(E) terminal costs
73. What economist was the first person to predict
a population crisis?
(A) Thomas Malthus
(B) Milton Freidman
(C) Stanley Ernhard
(D) Alfred Weber
(E) Homer Hoyt
70. Major population centers in Canada are mainly located on waterways, ports and
(A ) agricultural production areas, especially for wheat and corn
(B) land borders with the United States
(C) natural resource locations, especially for minerals and oil
(D) animal resource locations, especially bison and fur-bearing species such as mink and beaver
(E) hydropower production sites
74. What stage in the demographic transition model has the highest growth rate?
(A) Stage 1
(B) Stage 2
(C) Stage 3
(D) Stage 4
(E) Stage 5
75. The delivery area of the Pittsburgh is an example of what type of region?
(A) Functional region
(B) Formal region
(C) Vernacular region
(D) Statistical region
(E) Urban realm
Gazette

23.