Sophomore Vocab
Unit 10
1.
consecutive
2.
enfranchise
Name:
3.
entrepreneurial
4.
interdependence
5.
intransitive
Words in Context:
Billy thought he was too cool for school. He had dreams of being a risk-taking entrepreneur,
starting a business of his own one day; he didn’t think school could help him with his dreams,
so he rarely came to class. After missing four consecutive days in one week, he was called to
the office by an administrator. When asked why he wasn’t coming to school, Billy replied that
he felt disenfranchised—oppressed by his teachers who weren’t going to be able to help him
with his life’s goals. The administrator tried to explain the interdependence between a good
education and his entrepreneurial goals, but Billy wouldn’t listen. “Why,” Billy asked, “do I
need to know anything about grammar to run my own business?” “Because,” said the
administrator, “Who will take you seriously if you don’t know how the difference between sit or
set, or lay and lie? You might realize it now, but knowing the difference between transitive
and intransitive verbs is very important when you communicate with potential investors.”
Fill-in-the-Blank:
1. If things are______________________________, they happen one after the other with no break.
2. If you study biology, you’ll discover that there is a great deal of _________________________
between plants and animals.
3. Someone willing to take financial risks in new business ventures is considered
_________________________________.
4. One trick for remembering the difference between verb types is to think of transitive verbs
as “transferring” their action to an object; ___________________________ do not require a direct
object.
5. Many people under the age of 18 would like lawmakers to _____________________________
their peer group so they can vote.
Matching:
_____ 6. consecutive
a. (n) the quality or condition of being mutually reliant on each
other
_____ 7. enfranchise
b. (v) to grant freedom or rights to
_____ 8. entrepreneurial
c. (n) a verb that does not take a direct object (for example:
“look” in the phrase “look at the sky”)
_____ 9. interdependence
_____ 10. intransitive
d. (adj) one after the other; successive and uninterrupted
e. (adj) willing to take risks in order to make a profit; innovative
Sophomore Vocab
Unit 10
6.
judicious
7.
lexicon
8.
nonsectarian
9.
notarize
10.
officious
Words in context:
Sally didn’t care for studying with her friend, Suzy, but she felt obligated and had a hard time
turning her down. The problem with Suzy was that she never actually wanted to study. Suzy
had an officious personality and was more concerned with gossip than actually studying the
lexicon for her science classes. Suzy felt like she knew enough about everyone’s personal life
to officially notarize or discount any gossip she heard. Sally tried to impress upon Suzy the
importance of judiciously studying, but it went in one ear and out the other. Suzy was more
concerned about why the head of the FCA group at school was attending a nonsectarian
school than she was her science vocabulary.
Fill-in-the-Blank:
11. A Sunday school class that teaches all religions is considered ____________________________.
12. Humpty Dumpty’s decision to sit on the wall was not very _____________________________.
13. The word “___________________________” is most likely to come up in a lawyer's office or
when you're signing a contract, a will, or some other legal document.
14. People who are _________________________ are real busybodies; they want to make their
opinions known and followed, despite not having any kind of real power.
15. "No-hitter," "go-ahead run," and "Baltimore chop" are part of the baseball _________________
Matching:
_____ 16. judicious
_____ 17. lexicon
_____ 18. nonsectarian
a. (v) to authenticate (as a notary); to validate; to certify
b. (adj) meddlesome and interfering by someone with authority
c. (adj) marked by good judgment or common sense
d. (n) the vocabulary of a particular language, field, social class,
_____ 19. notarize
_____ 20. officious
person, etc.
e. (adj) not involving or relating to a specific religious sect or
political group
Sophomore Vocab
Unit 10
11.
orthography
12.
quotidian
13.
radical
14.
reciprocal
15.
reparation
Words in Context:
With the rise of technology, texting is becoming a primary form of communication for many
people. Words, phrases, and acronyms used in even run-of-the-mill, quotidian messages
amongst friends have taken on their own orthography. At first only teenagers understood this
radical new way to communicate, but communication from teens to/from parents is now
reciprocal; parents commonly use the same texting language as their children. One must
wonder, however, whether or not texting is ruining the art of real, voice driven conversation,
and what real reparation there might be if the ability to communicate face-to-face is lost.
Fill-in-the-Blank:
21. ___________________________ events are the everyday details of life.
22. In many cases, a defeated nation may be forced to pay ___________________________ to its
victorious enemies at the conclusion of a war.
23. Long car trips with my sister almost always mean a big fight; we usually resolve it through a
_____________________________ agreement that I'll stop poking her and she'll stop reading road
signs out loud.
24. If something (an opinion or action) or someone is considered extremist or very different
from anything that has come before it, it is usually referred to as __________________________.
25. Different languages usually have different systems of _________________________, which only
make sense if you understand the language’s alphabet.
Matching:
_____ 26. orthography
_____ 27. quotidian
_____ 28. radical
a. (adj) given, felt, or done in return; mutual
b. (n) a spelling system of a language (the symbols that
represent sounds/letters)
c. (adj) far-reaching or complete (change or action); or (n) a
revolutionary or progressive person
_____ 29. reciprocal
_____ 30. reparation
d. (n) something done or paid in compensation of a wrong;
restitution
e. (adj) ordinary; everyday; mundane
Sophomore Vocab
Unit 10
16.
synthesize
17.
tautology
18.
taxonomy
19.
theorem
20.
validity
Words in Context:
Just because Billy kept repeating the same things over and over, didn’t make his argument
any more valid. What Billy didn’t understand was that this tautology was actually hindering his
argument; because Billy failed to synthesize his ideas with his research, no one was willing to
consider his untested theorem. Billy was going to have to go back to the drawing board and
revise the taxonomy of his project in order to accurately synthesize the research he collected
with any validity.
Fill-in-the-Blanks:
31. Although it’s usually used in math, __________________________can be laws, rules, formulas,
or even logical deductions that have been proven time and again.
32. I reorganized the spice rack in my mom’s kitchen according to smell as a
_________________________of spices.
33. My family asked the judge to determine the _____________________________ of Grandpa's
will because they weren't sure he was legally allowed to leave all his worldly goods to "the little
green men from Mars."
34. It is becoming more common for doctors these days to _______________________ Eastern
and Western approaches to medicine.
35. It is frustrating for teachers to read argumentative essays that are so full of
_________________________ that they do not take a firm stance on a subject.
Matching:
_____ 36. synthesize
a. (n) an idea accepted as a demonstrable truth
_____ 37. tautology
b. (v) to combine to form something more complex
_____ 38. taxonomy
_____ 39. theorem
c. (n) a special method for organizing or classifying things
d. (n) useless repetition; redundancy
e. (n) the state or quality of being based on truth; legitimacy
_____ 40. validity