Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 1 Alliance of Air National Guard Flight Surgeons Volume 24, Issue 1 The National Defense Au- In this issue NDAA 1 President’s Column Lt Col Lisa Snyder 2 3 On the Glide Path BGen Worthe S. Holt, Jr 4 Movie Review: Contagion 5 Thanks Fort Wayne! 6 The Doctor’s Corner LOD Bullets 7 MRRFP Col Gentry 8 Transfusion Support Col Eisenbrey 9 BGen Chow comments 10 Joint Domestic Medical Operations Skin Cancer Concerns Maj Latham 11 Tech Tips - Col Sotos 12 Editors 2 Cents Book Review Published by the AANGFS and on website: www.aangfs.com 13 Black Hawk Down Speaker AANGFS Dinner pics 14 BIFFS SAS pics Alliance Officers 15 Membership Application 16 Air Force Core Values: Integrity first, Service before self, Excellence in all we do thorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2012 for $662.4 B has passed both Houses of Congress with final approval by the Senate on December 15, 2011. The bill is very long and complex; following is a summary and highlights of those areas of interest to the Guard and to military medicine. (Also contained in the bill was a contentious provision regarding detainees: although the Senate sponsors and White House contended that current law allows indefinite detention of suspected terrorists, the NDAA codifies the President’s authority to indefinitely detain terrorism suspects, including American citizens, without trial, a provision that has received attention from the American Civil Liberties Union.) Due to strong support from Guard members and the NGAUS, the NDAA includes Chief of National Guard Bureau as member of the JCS and re-designates the Director of the Joint Staff of the National Guard Bureau as the Vice Chief of NGB. The End Strengths will be: 106,700 ANG; 71,400 AFR Hostile fire and imminent danger pay will be prorated according to the number of days spent in a qualifying area rather than be paid on a monthly basis. Spring 2012 ber who is deployed in support of a contingency operaAir Force F-35 request retion at specified times before duced from 19 airframes to and after the deployment. 18. Navy and Marine Corps Authorizes the Secretary of receive full request, 7 and 6 Defense to provide members respectively. The F-35 Low of the reserve components per Rate Initial Production Lot -forming inactive duty train(LRIP) contracts are to be ing during scheduled unit negotiated at a fixed price. training assemblies access to mental health assessments The Department of Defense with a licensed mental health may conduct offensive opera- professional. tions in cyberspace subject to the policy principles and legal Authorizes the Secretary of regimens for kinetic capabili- Defense to provide an activeties, and the War Powers duty service member with a Resolution. severe injury or illness with rehabilitative equipment. Of specific interest to military medicine, the NDAA does Requires the Secretary of Defense to prescribe improved not prohibit TRICARE regulations for commander Prime enrollment fee increases in fiscal year 2012 and supervisor referrals for and limits annual increases of mental health evaluations of the fee to the amount equal to service members. the percentage increase in retired pay beginning on Octo- Requires that, in determining ber 1, 2012. whether TRICARE network providers are subcontractors The NDAA prohibits the Sec for the purposes of the Federal Acquisition Regulations -retary from proceeding with restricting of the mili- or any other law, a TRICARE tary health care system until support contract which inGAO assesses a report by the cludes a requirement to estabSecretary of Defense on oplish, manage, or maintain a tions developed and considnetwork of providers shall not ered for governance of the be considered to be a contract military health system. Aufor the performance of health thorizes $31.8B for the Decare services or supplies. fense Health Program. Does not prohibit pharmacy copay- Limits funds for the future ment changes. electronic health records pro -gram until the Secretary of Requires the Secretary of De- Defense submits a report to fense to provide person-toCongress on this program. person mental health assessments for each service mem- - submitted by Col Bill Pond Spring 2012 From the pen of the AANGFS president: AANGFS AFRFSA 2 ercise. 4. Don‘t choose your S & E medics to drive the Medical Element‘s vehicles; the timing just doesn‘t work out well for them to be there with the medical group after There are many teams that have been doing this mission successfully and impressively for a few years, so you might staging wonder why I am writing this article. Well, that is a good 5. Pick a person (Grounds Master) to work with the question, and I have a two part answer: First, after leaving Decontamination Element, after IC link up, who is really the NGB/SGPA position and returning to the Indiana ANG, good with spatial visualization and who can communicate I was luckily and proudly assigned to the position of Mediwell. This interaction before set up is, I think, one of the cal Element leader for the IN CERFP ( the first group to most crucial events that happen in the exercise. If this receive the dedicated 47- person package while executing the shortest spin up time of all the new units) and second, I doesn‘t get set up correctly, note the problem with #6, # 8 and # 10. The Grounds Master needs to be the set up boss. was asked to write this by one of the senior leaders in the Too many people trying to run the show got messy (sound ANG Medical Service. Like an obedient Lt Col, I said: like the voice of experience? – it is). It is also confusing for Yes Sir! the team trying to figure out where to set up tents, etc if there is more than one voice directing the set up. As with any mission, there are many good ways to get the job done efficiently and effectively; this is just a compila6. Keeping the distance between the Decontamination of information that helped the IN ANG CERFP Medition tents to triage (between Decon and Medical tents) to cal Element succeed. Of course, the biggest contributor to the Medical tent safe, but as close as the lines allow is imthe success is our members, and I have to say that the ANG portant in order to eliminate increased patient transport medical members from both units in the state of Indiana time. pulled together as a unified, well functioning machine. Without their hard work, expertise, professionalism and 7. If at all possible assign tasks for Medical equipdedication – we would NOT have succeeded. Because of ment set up, as this allows for repetitive best practice learnthem we passed our portion of the ex-eval in August after ing, decreased set up time and importantly, decreased injujust 6 months of preparation. Exposure to a CERFP exerries and equipment breakage due to familiarity with the cise and Ex-eval early on in the preparation further facilitated our success. I highly recommend a ―jump seat‖ on an equipment. Some examples include: a. Stretcher and stretcher roller device assembly ex-eval as a ―must do‖ for key members of the leadership teams (both can cause injuries to fingers and team, because that really sets up the big picture and allows having a few ―specialists‖ worked out great). time for questions concerning the details. b. Identify members of tent 1 – 4 teams, each tent team having an identified tent master so the The list below contains ten ―lessons learned‖ which are team‘s cues are consistent to the same people listed in chronological order and not in order of importance: executing set up each time (remembering to put 1. When selecting personnel to fill the 45 tradimembers on each team with varied vertical tional positions, try to get both seasoned and new personmeasurements). nel. As we hope this mission will stay for a while, it is c. Generator and HVAC assistant moving teams – good to grow members in those positions and the seasoned trying to set up in the same configuration each members serve as excellent mentors. time, if possible. Identifying this team allows practiced, coordinated team lifting/moving tac2. When receiving the shipment of equipment, tics. Unfortunately we assigned this team after don‘t discard the boxes with the inventory identification a back strain, a painful lesson learned. codes; tracking the information later is very difficult and d. Med Toc team (we used MCC for Medical labor intensive. Suggestion: have an established CERFP Control Center) – sets up their own work space logistics specialist with you at the time of receiving/packing just the way they want it with a consistent plan. the trucks. e. Safety officer who will speak up and throw up the flag when needed 3. Assign transportation spots in trucks, buses, f. Truck superintendent – for protocol of convoy, vans etc. Accountability is much easier and there is less maintenance and repair. scrambling in the end. Identify (and get in writing) what the requirements are required for drivers as it seems to vary 8. If you have ―stretcher set up specialists‖, they by type of installation and state. It can be time-consuming to catch up on requirements, if needed, right before the ex(Continued on page 3) CERFP Lessons Learned Spring 2012 AANGFS (Continued from page 2) can teach all team members, Army and Air, how to use these correctly so none of the participants get dumped off the litter. Our Army team members were a key as far as manpower for moving patients and knowing how to work this equipment was crucial. Most Medical Elements can not sacrifice the personnel to move patients in and out of tents/triage, etc. and if they can sacrifice the personnel, I would argue it may not be the best use of their skills. AFRFSA 3 and should have stated that to give the team members due credit. Working toward and passing the Ex-eval was an incredible experience with an awesome team but could not have happened if the entire state leadership, including our TAG, Chief of Staff, State Air Surgeon and both Wing Commanders and Medical Group Commanders, had not been totally dedicated to supporting this mission. It is to them and the team that the credit should be given. As this is a 9. Set up an expectant area / morgue close, but not joint mission, one more vital element should be mentioned right at the back of the tent. It gets too cumbersome to con- in this success story, our Army team members and the stantly walk around the area. CERFP commander. Our chosen C2 leader, an impressive Army LTC and an engineer by training, was able to me10. To ―pick up the patients,‖ select an ambulance thodically and skillfully put all of the moving parts together and bus route that is feasible and close to the back of the with the assistance of the full time team at the state level. tent. Otherwise, a large amount of time is spent by someone moving patients a greater distance; you may get Again, these are thoughts that I hope will be helpful as a ―dinged‖ for this, even if it is all pseudo - performed. list of ―lessons learned‖, but admittedly, by far does not represent the only way or even the ―best way‖ I am sure. I have to brag on the team I was fortunate enough to work However, if you are feeling a bit lost, like I was in the bewith during this ex-eval. After having met once in April ginning, hopefully this article will provide a few ideas as when we received the equipment and only having worked you begin or continue your journey to the Ex-eval! Best together for one exercise prior to the ex-eval, our time to regards and good luck! Medically Capable and ready to treat patients was….only 24 minutes. What does Medically Capable mean? For the Lt Col Lisa TE & O‘s that we were tested IAW, it was defined as: the ―SWAT‖ main four tents set up and secured, power, lights and oxy- Snyder, MD, gen in the tents with work stations set up to treat the sickest MPH patient and a fully functional Medical Control Center. Us- Indiana Air ing laminated TE & O‘s, I expressed our compliance with National any remaining, unfulfilled items to the evaluators at any Guard available opportunity. That part is an open book test. Un- RAM 2008 fortunately, I did not express that even though the personnel all had specific assignments; many were cross trained to other positions (such as generator set up/start up, etc) This is music?? After completing the Advanced Burn Life Support Course at AMSUS, Col Robert “golden voice” St Clair leads the band to the accolades of music critic, Col Clee Lloyd The retirement ceremony for Col Reid Muller was held on March 4, 2012 Hancock Field in Syracuse— Congratulations, Reid, for a stellar career and dedicated service to service men and women across the nation; the nation is better because of you. We wish you the best. AANGFS The ONLY time you have too much fuel is when you're on fire. It was a privilege and pleasure to attend the promotion ceremony of Worthe S. Holt Jr., to the rank of Brigadier General on October 29th, 2011. His remarks reflect well upon the Guard and are instructional for us all, especially our younger members. I am pleased that BGen Holt has allowed us to share his remarks—WWP I am thrilled to have this opportunity, and to share this ceremony with so many of you here today. I would like to acknowledge my wife, my two sons, my in-laws, my parents, the Minnesota delegation, and all of you for participating today. Over 30 years ago, I joined the National Guard because of a desire to fly fighters. In a short period of time, my motivation matured, and I developed a profound sense of patriotism and commitment to our country. I recall arriving at Laughlin AFB, TX and seeing the words ―Duty, Honor, Country‖ painted on the side of a building. As you recall, General Douglas MacArthur‘s address to West Point resonates continuously for all of us who have pledged to serve. ―Yours is the profession of arms, the will to win, the sure knowledge that in war there is no substitute for victory, that if you lose, the Nation will be destroyed, that the very obsession of your public service must be Duty, Honor, Country.‖ I have never forgotten that, nor will I forget the driving force our Air Force values have had upon me as a guide. Integrity First, Service Before Self, and Excellence in All We Do. My presence here today is as much a story about perseverance as it is about individual success. Nothing that I have accomplished would have occurred were it not for the support and encouragement of my family, friends, my Pilot brothers, and the airmen I have been so fortunate to work with. There have been many important lessons along the way that have been instrumental in helping me to grow as a AFRFSA 4 person and prepare me for this next journey. I still remember E.J. Bozarth dressing me down when I arrived in Aviano, Italy for oversleeping and missing my F-4 launch the previous day. I remember Rock Barchfeld grounding me for flying too low. Now I guess, if you‘re going to get in trouble as a fighter pilot, it might as well be for going too fast or too low. Nonetheless, those were just two of many valuable experiences with important lessons for me about professionalism, responsibility, and accountability. Teddy Roosevelt said, ―Far better is it to dare mighty things, to win glorious triumphs, even though checkered by failure, than to take rank with those poor spirits who neither enjoy much or suffer much, because they live in the gray twilight that knows not victory nor defeat. Despite the ups, downs and challenges along the way, my military career, and in fact, my entire life has been an incredible journey. This celebration today is also the result of participating on some exceptional teams. I have been fortunate to be a career long member of the 113th Fighter Squadron, and the 181st Medical Group, both within what is now the 181st Intelligence Wing in Terre Haute. I am now excited to serve with the Minnesota National Guard, including the 148th Fighter Wing and the 133rd Airlift Wing. With such tremendous people and assets around you, it is easy to succeed. It has been an exceptional privilege and honor to work and interact with all of you in one capacity or another, and I pledge my service to you in this new role. I won‘t let you down. Furthermore, as stated in the Airman‘s creed, I will not falter, I will not fail, and I will leave no Airman behind. Thank you Every takeoff is optional. Every landing is mandatory. It's always better to be down here, wishing you were up there, than to be up there, wishing you were down here Spring 2012 Spring 2012 AANGFS Movie Review: Contagion (And why every Guard member should see it.) By Col William W. Pond, MD, SFS, MC Indiana State Air Surgeon Aside from portraying the Guard in a humane, favorable light and aside from a gripping, realistic story line, Contagion is a must see for Guard members who might be called to deal with a pandemic disease outbreak. Although World War I claimed 9 million soldiers and 7 million civilians, few know or appreciate the fact that the 1918 “Spanish flu” pandemic claimed even more civilians—50+ million died of flu associated illness! What if today another such pandemic occurred with a strain that was just a little more deadly with a larger population at risk and with jet age mobility? Imagine morgues filled to capacity, hospitals able to accept only a fraction of those needing care, schools and childcare closed, nurses remaining at home to care for children, police and firemen stretched to the limit, population rioting for food and basic supplies…truly a scary situation with a desperate need for the Guard. Without giving away too much of the suspense, intrigue and twists, I can say that the story is set in the present and stars Matt Damon, Laurence Fishburne, Kate Winslet and Jude Law who are closely involved with the developing disaster and who cope in their own ways. This pandemic starts hidden in the backdrop of the normal flu season which typically attacks 5 -20% of the population and which kills 3,000-49,000 in the US each year. But in Contagion, the damage is far worse than 1918 with a flu that is believably and only slightly more virulent with an attack rate surpassing the 1918 infection rate of 33% and mortality rate of 10-20%. The movie does not postulate a nonbelievable 100% fatal, super bug like the Andromeda AFRFSA 5 Strain; and therein lies the movie’s power because the Contagion scenario is truly plausible. (The film’s scientific consultant, W. Ian Lipkin is a brilliant physician, epidemiologist scientist, internationally recognized for his work on both the West Nile virus and SARS.) Influenza strains periodically shift phenotypes when genetic viral material undergoes reassortment usually with the assistance of an intermediary such as pigs; this surface antigen change may alter fundamental transmissibility and lethality properties, such as the ability to induce a “cytokine storm” in the young with their more robust immune system. (In 1918, young patients were stricken with hemorrhage from the mucous membrane, pneumonias, petechial hemorrhages or death) Although the source and history of the 1918 flu are somewhat unclear, it is abundantly clear that the new strain’s elevated attack rate and lethality were intensified by a more mobile population. The final results in 1918 were devastating and societally transformative. Contagion is powerful because it realistically portrays the disbelief, grief and frustration felt by families as young, otherwise healthy people die. In our present medical paradigm, we as a society, have come to expect that that only the old and the infirm succumb to diseases; young healthy people die only in history books—not so. A powerful realism resonates as physicians, scientists, Homeland Security, Center for Disease Control, Minnesota National Guard, police, fire, physicians, nurses all work furiously to find a cure, to treat the patients and to restore social order. The human suffering is reinforced by intertwined personal story lines. Sun Tzu 孫子 would note that the “fog of war” also applies to catastrophic societal disasters, even in these days of instant communication with cell phones, email, Twitter and CNN. Although advanced planning may not prevent the outbreak, spread or even the development of a treatment, prior thought and preparation can significantly decrease the devastating results. During the crisis is not the time to decide the procedures for treating patients after the hospitals are filled to capacity, who will pay for the coliseum, where cots and food will be obtained, who will deliver food or provide security, etc. Continued on following page Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 6 Contagion by Pond continued from preceding page Interestingly, Northeastern Indiana did conduct such an exercise after 6 months of planning that involved the Guard, police, fire, city and county government, physicians, pharmacists, nurses, lawyers, businesses, the Board Guard flight doc of Health and the hospital staff often mistaken for to address those items so Contagion movie star, Matt Damon. graphically portrayed in the movie. Contagion is now showing at the $3.00 theater; it should be released on DVD on January 12, 2012, so make sure you see it….and wash your hands. WWP What is the Time of Useful Consciousness without oxygen at 30,000 feet above MSL? How long is one prohibited from flying after a hypobaric chamber ride to 25,000 feet above MSL? How long is an aircrew member DNIFed after blood donation? Flight surgeon Ken “Doc” Hanson participates in Pandemic Flu exercise at the Memorial Coliseum with Board of Health staff. Jeopardy Answers: 1-2 minutes, 12 hours, 72 hours What are the Jeopardy questions? (see below) for Category 1 CME (Continuing Medical 1 CME—a real value for Guard docs to Education) if certain reasonable criteria are receive both required RSV training and met: CME.—WWP Fort Wayne Medical Education CME Program was just recertified for the maximum of 6 years with 15 commendations. 1) For the participants, they must show attendance by a sign in roster, critique the program, identify barriers to learning, and acknowledge commercial bias. 2) For speakers and presenters, they must identify any commercial interest or bias, formulate educational presentations that endeavor to satisfy the requirements of adult learning principles, execute a written document of With thanks to the AANGFS physicians agreement, and provide the director who completed the requisite records and with copies of a resume and the presspeakers who made the Alliance program entation. the perfect example of a quality, jointly 3) For the director, he/she must assess sponsored CME activity. {―Jointly Sponthe educational needs of the target sored by the Fort Wayne Medical Educaaudience, assure that the above criteria tion Program and the AANGFS (Alliance are met, that attendance roster is mainof Air National Guard Flight Surgeons‖)}. tained for 6 years, that hours of credit are certified, certificates of attendance Military medical education at Readiness given and financial disclosure accomFrontiers is rigorous, thorough and profesplished. sional in order to meet very specific military requirements clearly delineated by In short, improved accountability requires applicable regulations. Certain profesadditional work, but when accomplished, sional medical education may be certified the participants may be awarded Category On behalf of Alliance President, LtCol Lisa Snyder and MajGen Joseph Kirk Martin, the Alliance of Air National Guard Flight Surgeons presents its appreciation to Dr. James Buchanan and Ms JeriSue Petrie, Director of Continuing Professional Development. Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 7 Specifically: 2.1. When on Title 10 or 32 or State Active Medical Legal Aspects / CERFP Duty orders, medics are authorized and afforded medical legal coverage to treat victims and fellow BLUF 1 -- No treat unless you are in 10, CERFP members, including optional sick call clinics. 32, or State Active Duty, except emergency intervention to save life, limb, 2.2. When NOT on Title 10 or 32 or State Acsight. tive Duty orders, routine sick calls and nonemergency treatments are not authorized and not BLUF 2 -- If you start IV fluids, you afforded medical legal coverage. Medics, however, need to evac them. are authorized to evaluate CERFP members for fitness for duty or evacuation (examples of authorized 1. All medics (physicians, physician assismedical acts af-forded medical legal coverage: evalutants, nurse practitioners, nurses, medical technicians, emergency medical technicians, paramedics) ate then return to duty, or evaluate then send to rest, must meet requirements of a medical AFSC or MOS or evaluate then evacuate to off-site treatment faciland meet CERFP training requirements. In addition, ity). The Doctor’s Corner all medics whose particular career field is governed 2.3. No treatment is authorized or afforded by licensure must possess current license in that field medical legal coverage when NOT on title 10 or 32 or from a state or territory, but not necessarily Virginia. State Active Duty orders, except emergency intervention to save life, limb, or sight. 2. All medical acts are afforded legal immunity and covered by Federal and Virginia Tort Laws, whether these acts occur in or outside Virginia, as long as such acts are conducted on Title 10 or 32 or State Active Duty orders, within the medic’s scope of practice and free of gross negligence and intental torts. Proposed by Col Frank Yang, VAANG SAS Endorsed by Lt Col William Rogers VAANG SJAG Endorsed by Col Thomas McCune VAARNG SARS Previewed by BG Johnson, Col McCauley, Col Mercer, Col Catrett, Col Preston 3..4.2.1.2. When the case involves service aggravated EPTS medical conditions. AFI 36-2910 3.4.2.1.3. When the medical condition involves a disease process such as coronary artery This is in keeping with guidance from NGB/SG. disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, etc. or, Going against the spirit (and letter) of these Member3.4.2.1.4. All cardiac conditions, including favoring Regs is likely an invitation for Congressionheart attacks, rhythm disturbances, etc. als) and possibly IG complaints. 3.4.2.1.5. When the member has been hospitalized. In particular, I point out -3.4.2.1.6. When the member requires continu1.6. Presumption of LOD Status. An illness, ing medical treatment or treatment in a civilian hospiinjury, disease or death sustained by a member in an tal. active duty status or in IDT status is presumed to have occurred in the line of duty. Col Frank Yang, VAANG SAS LOD Bullets; based on NGB/SG input and All, I spoke with NGB/SG Col. Wyrick regarding HQ guidance on how we should view LOD requests. Below is a summary of his guidance -- 1. MDG's role is limited to assessing the medical record or Member to see if there has been a "pre-existing" condition or if a known pre-existing condition is "aggravated" while on military status. 2. If no documented pre-existing condition, then the first time Member became aware of symptoms should be considered the start of the disease or injury. Example: even though back trouble, diabetes, cardiac diseases can have long lead time; the first time Member became aware of symptoms is considered day one. 3. If documented pre-existing disease or injury gets aggravated while on mil svc, this also qualifies as LOD. Examples: Chronic back problem which gets worse while in mil status working on a jet engine is a qualified LOD. Hypertension under control with medications becomes worse while on AT and blood pressures remain high and requires more medications and more visits to doc is a qualified LOD. Previous chest pain and known coronary disease that worsens into a heart attack while on mil status is a qualified LOD. 4. When in doubt, err in favor of the Member, to avoid the risk of "denying a Member benefits the person deserves". In other words, official NGB/SG guidance mirrors JAG approach, albeit SG's reason is "take care of the Member", not necessarily based on avoidance of potential litigation. Please feel free to forward this as you see fit. FRANK Y. YANG, Col, MC, FS VAANG Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 8 The site for flight medicine: https://kx.afms.mil/kxweb/dotmil/kj.do?functionalArea=AerospaceMedicine Medical Rapid Response Force Package (MRRFP) This article describes an initiative our Northwest region is slowly rolling out to allow our medical groups to respond to a civilian mass casualty that overwhelms the domestic EMS system. It is designed to be scalable and flexible to allow our leadership to pull the trigger in a more affordable, frequent and timely manner, adding significantly to our relevance as a medical surge force in support of domestic operations. The absolute cornerstone to the concept is defining the equipment footprint as a back-pack. By doing so it allows state planners to get us out the door with a minimum of logistical challenge. It is this limited foot-print that simplifies the challenge of get-ting us there in the least amount of time when it counts the most. The second key element to the package is the inclusion of food, shelter and water to be self supportive for the first three days. This minimizes the support requirements for the initial period, again allowing planners to get us to where we are needed with a minimum footprint. Two man tents, MRE‗s (2 a day), water filtration systems with col- lapsible bags, sleeping bag and ground pad in a 6,800 cu. cc. waterproof backpack make up some key aspects of the equipment package. A second pack which can be carried on the chest or inside the backpack carries medical supplies to enable a team of 25 to treat hundreds of patients. The total weight of both packs combined is ~ 50 pounds. We anticipate wherever we are assigned will require access by ground and/or air to allow evacuation of our critical patients and resupply, so no significant walking will be required with the packs. The medical equipment list is a living document with ongoing input on content. Medications are pre-contracted with local chain pharmacies with no cost or inventory issues. The contract and cost is triggered when the meds are picked up at the time of a disaster. We are currently exploring civilian support for this cost. As a medical pickup team we can be put to work triaging/treating walking wounded patients in front of an overwhelmed civilian ER, joining a civilian triage site, supplementing a CERFP in non-CBNR settings, splitting up to medically support refugee areas or providing triage independently. Med groups from around the region can flow teams into the disaster site in support of civilian authorities. A requirement to exercise with the MRRFP equipment once every two years as a part of an already AFI driven mass casualty event would be sufficient to maintain readiness. In discussions with our state civilian disaster response planners (our customers) the feedback is very supportive. The medical surge capacity in the first several days after the civilian EMS system is over-whelmed is a critical capability gap that this equipment package can significantly address. In summary, our belief is this equipment package leverages our med Currently costs run $600 - 700 per bag groups in a significant way to provide a (total $15,000) for the self-sufficiency very cost effective, scalable, flexible capability that ensures our relevance in supplies and another $23,600 for the medical supplies for all 25 bags exclud- this budget challenged environment. ing pharmaceuticals. The just in time medications would run around $10,000. For more information: SMSgt Jerod Taylor The logistical requirements would be Jerod.taylor@ang.af.mil nil without the medications with very few items having an expiration date. Col Bob Gentry Training for mass casualty incidents is mwittler@gmial.com already a requirement and we have enough (too much) on our plate as it is. Capt Anil Menon anil@menon.com Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 9 Transfusion Support of the Trauma Patient Arthur Bradley (Brad) Eisenbrey, Col, MC SFS State Air Surgeon, Michigan Massively bleeding patients present a unique combination of challenges to their rescuers and the physicians who intervene to save them. Massive bleeding (other than the diffuse failure of coagulation in an otherwise intact patient) is primarily a surgical problem supported by blood volume resuscitation. One of my mentors, Jay Shanberge, would argue that these patients need ―factor 14‖ (suture) more than anything else since blood poured in just ended up on the floor if the holes weren‘t closed. Advances in Self Aid/Buddy Care, including aggressive use of tourniquets, is making more of the previously exsanguinating events potentially survivable. The limiting factor in all massively bleeding patients, whether from trauma, surgical mishap or large vessel wall rupture (GI bleed or aneurysm) is time to surgical intervention. The role of transfusion (and the specialist in transfusion medicine) is to buffer the effects of the blood volume loss between the incident and surgical intervention, and to institute corrective measures to restore blood volume, oxygen carrying capacity and the ability to form stable clots. All laboratory tests are snapshots of the status of the patient at the time the sample was obtained. Hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, prothrombin time, and fibrinogen concentration changes must be interpreted in the context of what has happened to the patient since the samples were drawn. Based on more than a decade of experience as a member of a trauma team at a very large community teaching hospital/regional Level I Trauma Service, I established some ―factoids‖ to guide transfusion support for patients needing massive transfusion: Obtain hemoglobin, platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen concentration on arrival and monitor as frequently as practical. Red cell mass is critical to coagulation. The ability to form a stable clot has a direct inverse relationship to hemoglobin concentration below 10 g/dL. Transfuse Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) early. The optimal ratio of FFP to packed red cells (PRBC) has not been determined. I am most comfortable with one unit of FFP to every two units of PRBC, based on my experience and continual review of the literature. Transfuse platelets early. Platelet function is negatively affected by almost every medication we give and by changes in pH. Consider transfusion of cryoprecipitate (CRYO) if more than one blood volume has been replaced. Transfuse cryoprecipitate (2 units per 10 kg body weight) if fibrinogen is less than 100 mg/dL or if both the PT and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) are prolonged (both require ≥100 mg/dL concentration of fibrinogen to obtain a valid estimate of the function/concentration of the other clotting factors). Look at the surgical field. Oozing means platelet dysfunction and/or thrombocytopenia: transfuse platelets. Lack of clots means clotting factor deficiency: transfuse cryoprecipitate. Keep the one FFP:two PRBC ratio – more FFP will not fix the problem. If there are clots and no oozing there is a hole that has been missed. Catching up is much harder than staying caught up. Whole blood transfusion should be restricted to the highly unusual emergency situations when modern blood component therapy is not available due to access/logistical limitations. Active trauma services should have ―trauma packs‖ available in their Blood Bank. I consider a trauma pack as six units of group O negative PRBC, three units of thawed plasma and one unit of apheresis platelets. Pre-pooled CRYO should be thawed and available as soon as a confirmed massively bleeding patient is admitted. Since most pre-pooled CRYO is distributed as pools of six, three pools will be needed for most adult trauma patients to approximate my two units per 10 kg guideline. The Blood Bank should start assembling the next trauma pack immediately as the first leaves the door. Large, active trauma services may consider having two trauma packs available: the thawed FFP can be transfused to other patients in the hospital before it expires and replaced with fresh thawed FFP. Comment: I have not included the use of NovoSeven® in this discussion. I was an early adopter (I own no stock and have received nothing from Novo Nordisk) for our trauma service and we obtained good results in both trauma and surgical mishaps that did not respond to optimal blood component therapy. I saw the drug successfully used at the AFTH, Balad AB, Iraq. It is not a panacea, and not a ―last ditch‖ intervention without optimal component therapy. I would not recommend its use without direct guidance from a specialist is Transfusion Medicine or a Hematologist with special expertise in coagulation. Good luck finding a 48D3G in theater. Spring 2012 AANGFS Wisdom from Brig Gen Jim Chow National Guardsmen were honored during halftime at the University of South Carolina Military Appreciation Day foot-ball game in November. After the ceremony, I met with USC President, and Provost regarding USC students who are serving in the Guard and Reserve. After 9/11, there are many State and Federal legislations that cover deploying service members' education status and financial responsibility. It is crucial to develop and implement an uniform and systematic approach to support National Guard Soldiers Airmen and Reservists who are enrolled in colleges and universities from the moment of notice of mobilization, through deployment and de-mobilization with regards to their higher education. AFRFSA 10 seamless on-going advice and assistance regarding sustaining plans for and access to higher education. Preparation for return to academia upon de-mobilization should also be priority. Stage 3 - Post Deployment The school policy should include return to student status, as student transitions from soldier/ warrior to civilian/student. Assistance should include all aspects of re-enrollment, re-integration, counseling, and advocacy by the schools. Our young returning warrior Guardsmen need a uniform system to support and provide guidance on their behalf. University of South Carolina has agreed to host a summit to bring together all the colleges and universities in South Carolina to Stage 1 - Pre-Deployment School administration needs a develop an uniform and systemuniform policy and a practical protocol on behalf of its acatic policy on behalf of our tivated students (ESGR would serve as a good model). Guardsmen who are enrolled in Once the student Guardsman, while matriculating in higher education. There are no school, is notified of mobilization, school support should pre-existing uniform programs include advocacy, representation, and assistance to transiout there according to J -1. This program may serve as a tion from being a student to a Soldier/Airman. Transition model for the rest of the country for our deserving young support should include personal support and assistance admen and women. dressing withdrawal from classes, academic standards, residency status, as well as ad-dressing financial aid issues. I welcome all suggestions and any information on all other existing state programs. Stage 2 - During Deployment Students should receive support regarding education while deployed including supJim C Chow, Brig Gen, MC, CFS ANG Assistant to port on behalf of Soldiers and Airmen pertaining to access ACC SG Langley AFB, VA to distance learning projects to satisfy academic requirements if practical or feasible. Policy should provide a ANG SG office at the JFHQ was done. The assessment revealed that there were not existing medical personnel available to fill the manning for the Joint Domestic Medical Operations Directorate construct. This required a response with solution sets recommending assigning the requirements for the Joint Medical Operations Directorate to fulltime medical planners in the HRF and CERFP teams. The J1 was resilient in adding our recomSince the DoDD 5105.77 made official Joint Entities of mendations to the draft document going out to the State the 54 JFHQ‘s the J1‘s from the states during the Domestic JFHQ‘s but critical coordination between Major General Operations Conference in Jan 2011 asked for a recomMartin, Col Riggins and the J1 prevailed and the J1 added mended JTD a.k.a. (MTOE). The J1 at the NGB formed a 2 billets to the recommended JTD being sent to the State WG consisting of representatives from all NGB JS Direc- JFHQ as the recommend Joint Manning Construct. Once torates and Personal staffs to develop Joint Requirements, this document goes to the TAGs it will now be up to the Functions, and Tasks derived from authority documents. State JFHQ staff , Joint Director and TAG to determine if Once that was constructed the NGB Service Directorates there will be 2 Joint Medical Staff members on the JFHQ‘s from the ARNG and ANG ICW the Joint Staff Directorates across the 54 states and territories. convened and validated the requirements , functions and tasks as Joint specific. Once that was completed an assess- Mr. Jim Engstrand ment of required manning was executed and a review of Senior Medical Operations Advisor where that manning could be acquired from within the ex- NGB Joint Surgeon Office isting fulltime medical personnel inside the ARNG and The current status of the Joint Domestic Medical Operations Directorate construct for the Joint Table of Distribution and Allowances being provided to the 54 JFHQ’s is as follows: Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 11 S K I N C ANCER CONCERNS Maj. Phillip Latham, MD, Fellow AAD, ABD Dermatology and Skin Surgery Skin cancer rates are on the rise. Melanoma is now the most common form of cancer for young adults 25-29 years old and the second most common form of cancer for adolescents and young adults aged 15-29 years old. Rates are rising faster in the 15-29 year old female population when compared the rate in the male population. This is the population we see largely in our military practices. They are young, healthy, active, outdoor working/living adults that in many instances ignore the risk factors that increase the risk for these cancers. There was even a study of civilian airline pilots that demonstrated their risk of melanoma was over 25 times that of the non-flying population. It is our job to remain vigilant for these cancers and cancer risk factors. We are obligated to educate our patients regarding these risks and how to prevent and recognize these potentially fatal malignancies. The following chart is an excerpt from the textbook Clinical Dermatology by Thomas Habif. It lists the relative risk for melanoma development vs. those without the described risk factor. Greatly increased Risk Status risk Relative risk Personal history of atypical moles, family history of melanoma, greater than 75-100 moles 35 Previous non-melanoma skin cancer 17 Congenital nevus (giant, >20 cm) 5-15 History of melanoma 9-10 Family history of melanoma in parent, sibling, or children Immunosuppression 8 6-8 Moderate increased risk Clinically atypical nevi (2-9), no family history of melanoma/ sporadic atypical nevi 4.9-7.3 Large number of nevi, 51-100 3-5 Large number of nevi, 26-50 1.8-4.4 Chronic indoor tanning/UVA 5.4 Repeated blistering sunburns, 3 3.8 Repeated blistering sunburns, 2 3.0 Freckling 3.0 Fair skin, inability to tan 2.6 Red or blond hair 2.2 Clinically atypical nevi (1) 2.3 Modestly increased risk These are certainly the more obvious risk factors for cancer and many are very significant for our patients at risk. Other risk factors for cancer not listed above such as increased exposure to ionizing radiation and circadian disruption are unique to pilots and crew. Studies are ongoing that suggest that these features of prolonged flying at high altitude over long distances may yet be another group of risk factors for cancer development. This information can help us recognize and educate those patients most at risk which will contribute to preservation of a healthy fighting force for the future, free of this potentially deadly cancer. Dr. Phillip “Lane” Latham is another outstanding physician and rising flight surgeon assigned to the 169th MDG in SC. He will be busy filling the wing dermatology “consult service” void left by Brig Gen Jim Chow’s national commitments!! - DAR Spring 2012 AANGFS Tech Tips from the Digital Flight Surgeon AFRFSA 12 (c) chapter 4 (i.e. DoDI 6130.03), (d) chapter 5, (e) chapter 13, and (f) the various generic requirements for aviation-related special duty. I thought folks might be interested in a web site I put up to sort through the USAF's 45 different physical standards (yes, 45, I counted). The website is designed to work on smartphones -iPhone/ Android -- but will also work on a conventional comThe website combines all these parts into one, and then splits the puter. The following web page contains a link to the "smartphone pack- mass into easily-navigated single-organ-system pages. The website is still in Beta and still a bit shaggy. *** It is based on a notage": http://www.sotos.net/ang Or, shorter: sotos.net/ang quite-current version of 48-123 *** I'd like to hear if you think it Here in California we end up reviewing many types of physicals, would be useful or not. If so, I will update to the current AFI and fix various bugs. including: flying, space/missile, Predator pilot/sensor, pararescue, SERE, and CRO. I've found AFI 48-123 frustrating to use in By way of instructions, please note that (a) everything is clickable, the less common physical-types, because: (b) the ABOUT -> INCLUSIONS page for each stan(a) the requirements are spread over several sections, dard is particu-larly interesting, and (b) it often requires digging to learn which sections per(c) if you tap on the text of any paragraph, you get helptain, and ful links (except on the "Inclusions" page -- there is a (c) the terminology can vary from section to section. bug there). Plus, DoDI 6130.03 is hanging out there, too. Consider the physical standard for an aspiring flight surgeon. It is the union of: (a) section 6G FC2[initial] requirements, (b) section 6K, Editors 2 Cents My fellow colleagues, I have to admit I have no experience in generating a newsletter! Col Bill Pond has unselfishly devoted his time to produce an outstanding AANGFS newsletter for years. I am humbled by his generosity of time, knowledge, computer savvy, and dedication to our organization. His contributions to this issue with articles, advice and template can be easily recognized and are greatly appreciated. Please recognize Bill and thank him personally when you see him. He is truly a remarkably talented, energetic and innovative member of our organization as well as a great Guardsman and patriot. We need more like him. I also must thank Col Richard Ando for his diligence and patience in formulating the newsletter since I have no acceptable skills in manipulating a computer. I know he'll say he was only cutting and pasting but it took a lot of personal time. Many thanks for all your help and volunteerism which leads me to the body of my editorial. Volunteerism is the heart and sole of our foundation and history as Guardsmen and women. Our force is recruited, retained and sustained by our sense of giving of our time for our nation, our families, our John Sotos, Col, MC, CFS CAANG SAS Email: [[insert-here-the-last-name-of-the-first-president]] @sotos.net friends and our colleagues. I believe this fundamental value generates extremely strong bonds within our organizations and fuels the cohesiveness that gives us our conviction to duty. Thanks BG Chow! As usual, your recognition of need and innovative thinking has spurred a feasible solution for our deserving Guard members! I encourage Air and Army Guard physicians and leaders to Understandably, we have been asked to lobby your Universities and Congressman give more and more time to support conto support this initiative. It is a true void tingencies around the globe and we conthat needs correction for our young memtinue to fulfill our commitments above and bers who have served our nation. beyond the call of duty. How is that possible for men and women to forgo their per- Col Yang, thanks for the succinct but pertisonal commitments to their family and nent bullets regarding Line Of Duty detercivilian jobs, time and time again to serve mination. Simplicity helps keep us out of for months on end, potentially risking eve- the weeds and focused on the basic rearything including their lives? I believe that sons for the member's LOD disposition. free choice hinges on the conviction of volunteerism. We want to be involved. We Nice article on transfusion support Col want to serve with our colleagues and our Eisenbrey! Thanks for the contribution. fellow Guardsmen. And, we want to serve for our fellow Guardsmen and families. No Thanks Maj (Lt Col select!) Latham for one does it better than Guardsmen and your reminder on the importance of evaluwomen and no one does it better than ating the skin. flight surgeons! Col Sotos, you are always thinking of effiWith that, I encourage you all to be accient ways to make our life easier. Thank tively engaged in your medical group, your you for all you do! squadron, and your Alliance. The rewards are more than gratifying, the friendships Contributions from our colleagues proare genuine and the experiences are exhila- vides the body and soul of our newsletter. rating. Thanks very much to all contributors. Please save your thoughts or experiences Dana Rawl, Col, MC, CFS on paper and submit articles for the next SAS JFHQ SCANG AANGFS Newsletter! - DAR Editor Spring 2012 AANGFS Book Review: A Step Ahead of Death by Scott McPherson · · · · Paperback: 496 pages Publisher: Comfort Publishing (August 1, 2011) Language: English Amazon Price: $18.99 paperback edition, $8.99 Kin dle edition · ISBN-13: 978-1936695003 A modern day family physician finds himself embroiled in murder and mystery following a lunch time promenade intended to relieve stress from his busy family practice. Jack Sharp‘s quiet life became a storm of innuendoes, suspicion, and violence after he dutifully engaged in his citizen responsibilities when he reported finding the body of a young woman. Old scars, that were emotionally ravaging, were eventually ripped open through the course of the investigation but through it all, Jack found spiritual guidance and a love that he needed and deserved. Perspectives from an evening with Mike Durant If you weren‗t able to join us at the Alliance of Air National Guard Flight Surgeon‗s dinner over Readiness Frontiers in San Antonio, you missed an exceptional talk from Mike Durant. Mr. Durant was the surviving pilot of a MH-60L Black Hawk helicopter shot down over Mogadishu, Somalia on October 3, 1993. The events of the raid were depicted in the movie Black Hawk Down. His helicopter was struck in the tail rotor by a rocket-propelled grenade that caused the crash. His helicopter crew of three and two Delta Force snipers, who volunteered for insertion to suppress enemy advances, were killed. Mr. Durant‗s injuries in the crash included a fractured femur and lumbar spine compression fractures. During his confinement for 11 days, he sustained a gunshot wound and a fractured jaw. AFRFSA 13 Scott McPherson is a Nebraska Air National Guard flight surgeon and family physician practicing in Lincoln. He has done a superb job in presenting a fast-paced novel that surpasses any CSI storyline! His ability to weave the plot and subplots provides the reader an edge-of-your-seat intensity from the first page to the last, culminating into revelations not only for Jack Sharp but other characters in the novel as well. I found the novel a very entertaining page-turner! I extend my hearty congratulations to my colleague and friend, Scott McPherson, on his exceptional accomplishment. I wish him the best of luck in the future. Maybe there will be a sequel? Dana Rawl, Col, MC, CFS SAS JFHQ SCANG Of special interest to all of us as flight surgeons, I asked Mr. Durant what seemed to help him the most with his mental status and health after he returned home and began months of rehabilitation. His answer was what I expected. He felt welcomed by his unit. He said that he met with his CO and was told his position in the squadron would be waiting for him. Mike said that meant everything to him and he became determined to re-integrate into the company and fly again. He did return to flying status and continued with the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment until his retirement in 2001. What strikes me in commentary is the fact that his comrades, his buddies that he fought and flew with (not a mental health provider), supported him completely enabling him to over-come feelings of guilt, depression, and failure. I propose this is a large part of the nature of our business as a flight doc – our integration into the flying squadrons to be one with the pilots, to live and work with them, to develop a bond of trust, friendship and respect. Earning that kind of relation-ship is hard work and takes time but is infinitely rewarding. Being a member in the society of flyers, wearing the wings, allows you in but developing the necessary camaraderie with the pilots is the foundation of being a fully functional flight surgeon. Let us all strive to minimize our administraMike‗s story of the events preceding the raid as well as the raid itself and the aftermath were riveting. His opinions on the political tive bur-dens and dedicate more time to be fully functional in our abilities as flight docs so we can perform our duties well and supdecision making affecting mission preparation, implementation and outcome were piercingly critical and spot on. His interactions port our flyers accordingly. with his captors and his intuitions for survival combined with his Dana Rawl, Col, MC, CFS training served him well and kept him alive. At one point he was SCANG JFHQ SAS even able to manipulate a situation to win favor with his captor, which undoubtedly helped him through the incarceration. Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 14 A very enjoyable evening with guest speaker, Mike Durant at the AANGFS dinner. Col Frank Yang, your AANGFS Treasurer; Col Dana Rawl, AANGFS editor; Mike Durant; Col Bill Pond, ex-AANGFS editor (and current editor mentor!); Maj Gen Kirk Martin; Col Worthe Holt Col Brett Wyrick, the Air Surgeon; Lt Col Lisa ―Swat‖ Snyder, AANGFS president Post dinner meeting - all we do is work, work, work! Is that Yellow Tail? READINESS FRONTIERS 2012 AANGFS DINNER SATURDAY, 9 JUNE, 1800 SHOWTIME. GREAT GUEST SPEAKER TBA. BE THERE!! Spring 2012 AANGFS BIFFS - Basic Info For Flight Surgeons Quick-don masks do not have embedded Valsalva ports since they are to be used in the event of an in-flight emergency. Narrow Panel Automatic Regular color is Green Cabin altitude of a military transport at 30,000 feet MSL is 7,000-8,000 feet MSL Annual instrument refresher includes use of night vision goggles, spatial disorientation, effects of fatigue. Aircrew may not fly within 12 hours of hypobaric chamber above 25,000 feet MSL (90% of DCS symptoms occur within 12 hours of leaving chamber.) AFRFSA Warm fronts move from southwest to northeast. Quick-Don masks are not found on dual seat fighter aircraft (with ejection seats) Aircraft pressurization include sealed and pressurized cabins. Time of Useful Consciousness at 30,000 feet MSL is 12 minutes. HARM stands for Host Aviation Resource Management office. Guidance for minimum required aircrew training is found in AFI 11-2022, vol. 1 Flyer is grounded for 72 hours after blood donation. Col Biernacki making his point at the Society of State Air Surgeons‘ meeting Col Aiello receives recruiting award. Congratulations! Letter of appreciation from Col Pond to Col Kindle. Col Rawl presents letter of appreciation to Col Guerdan. Alliance Officers President: Lt Col Lisa Snyder 567 Nauvoo Road Lewisberry, PA Email: lksn101@aol.com Vice-President: Col Eric Kendle 1710 W. Avocado St. Tucson, AZ 85704 E mail: beeperf16@juno.com Treasurer: Col Brett Wyrick 3500 Fetchet Ave Andrews AFB, MD 20762 Email: brett.wyrick@ang.af.mil Secretary: Col Cassandra Howard E mail: Cassandra.Howard@ang.af.mil Newsletter Editor: Col Dana Rawl 2049 Bermuda Hills Rd Columbia, SC 29223 Email: drawl@sc.rr.com Program Committee: Col Eric Kendle, Col Dana Rawl, Col Frank Yang & Lt Col Lisa Snyder Bylaws Committee: Col Buck Dodson Historian: LtCol Brett Wyrick Web site: vacant 15 Articles and announcements for the next newsletter should be submitted by 1 August 2012 (but I will be happy to accept them anytime before then.) Avoid the last minute rush; submit your article today. Once again, authors, thanks for the great contributions - DAR, editor) Alliance of ANG Flight Surgeons The newsletter is published two or three times annually as able. Articles for inclusion are solicited from members and guest authors. Material for publication can be sent to: AANGFS Editor Col Dana Rawl 2049 Bermuda Hills Rd Columbia, SC 29223 Email: drawl@sc.rr.com Viewpoints expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent official positions of the Alliance, the Air National Guard, the United States Air Force, or the Department of Defense. Letters may be edited for grammar, spelling or length, but not content. Dana A Rawl (DAR) Editor and Publisher Spring 2012 AANGFS AFRFSA 16 Membership Application---Alliance of ANG Flight Surgeons _____ Member: Annual Dues $35 (____New or ____Renewal) _____ Member: Life Dues $250 (for the true optimist) Date: Rank: Last Name: First Name: MI: Address: City: State: Zip: Aero Rating: FS SFS CFS Position: FS = Flight Surgeon CC = Clinic Commander CFM = Chief Flight Med CAS = Chief Aeromed Services SAS = State Air Surgeon CCATT = Critical Care Air Transport Team Mail to: Col Frank Yang 1300 Tribute Center Drive, Apt 364 Raleigh, NC 27612 Col Dana Rawl 2049 Bermuda Hills Rd Columbia, South Carolina 29223 Unit: Hours: Years: Active Flying: yes Home Phone: Work Phone: Fax: E-mail: Civilian Specialty: Academic Appt: no _______ _______ Member of Society of USAF FS: yes no Member of AsMA: yes no ACLS Certified: yes no Expires ATLS Certified: yes no Expires Trauma Med experience: yes no Aeromedical Evac Experience: yes no Comments: When: 1800 social hour/ 1900 dinner Saturday, 9 June, 2012 Where: Readiness Frontiers Jacksonville, FL Speaker: TBA Don’t miss this opportunity