Biology 370 - Developmental Biology
Review Sheet - Examination #2
Lange
The following are some suggestions as to topics to spend time studying. This list or any list like it cannot be
expected to cover each and every topic possible for the upcoming exam. However, it should give you a
reasonable idea as to the breadth of material. My suggestion is to use this list as a way to help you organize your
notes and your reading. “***” indicates material not covered in lecture that you need to read independently in your
text.
Topic 6 & 7 (mostly 7) (Snails and Nematodes:
Early Development and Specification; Part B)
the vocabulary of cleavage
specifics of holoblastic cleavage
specifics of meroblastic cleavage
shape changes associated with the transition from
blastula to gastrula
invagination
ingression
delamination
epiboly
symmetry development
specifics of cleavage stages in the very early urchin
(prior to becoming a blastula)
orientation terms utilized in urchin development (oral &
aboral)
micromeres, use and function
changes in the urchin from the blastula to the gastrula
stage
the archenteron - formation and function
the imaginal rudiment - formation and function
spiral orientation development in snails
glochidium - formation and function
genetics, biochemistry, and endocrinology in snails and
nematodes - Macho1, FGF, PAR, SKN-1,
C. elegans work in understanding development,
including specifics on fertilization, polarity,
digestive system development
*** “Sidelights and Speculations” pp 167-168
Topic 8 (The Genetics of Axis Specification in
Drosophila)
syncytial development processes as is seen in the fly
What does it mean to be syncytial in development?
processes of egg activation in the fly
egg & sperm structure and design in the fly
the “energid” - role and function
blastula to gastrula development in the fly
segment classifications in the fly (H,T,A)
segment fates in the fly
haltares - use, location, and function
fruit fly life cycle
cell polarity in the fly
genetics, biochemistry, and endcrinology issues in fly
development - Gurken, torpedo, bicoid, nanos,
Oskar
transplant studies in the fly
mutagen studies in the fly
the work of Driever et. al.
denticles in development
*** “Sidelights and Speculations” pp 193
animal and vegetal pole differences in very early
cleavage
genetics, biochemistry, and endocrinology of amphibian
development - EP-cadherin,
gastrulation in amphibians
blastopore/blastocoel/archenteron formation
epiboly - meaning and function
radial intercalation in amphibians
the nuclear constriction experiments in amphibians design, results, significance
transplantation studies in amphibans - design, results,
significance
Topic 10 (Amphibians and Fish: Early
Development; Part B)
specific fates for the ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm.... what each layer has the specific
potential to become in later development
genetics, biochemistry, endocrinology of amphiban
development - noggin, ***Cerberus mRNA,
insulin-like growth factors, Pitx2
regional and temporal specificity
paracrine communication in early development
development in the zebrafish
methods of knockout strain development in zebrafish
discoidal meroblastic cleavage in zebrafish
conditional versus autonomous development in newts
Chapter 11 (Birds and Mammals: Early
Development)
characteristics of the amniotic egg
allantois, function and use
terminology associated with the very early blastodisc in
chickens
specialized terms and structures used in the processes
of early organization of the chick leading to the
primitive streak
role of the hypoblast in the chick
transplantation studies involving Hensens’s Node
genetics, biochemistry, and endocrinology of bird and
mammalian development - Hox
anatomical aspects of mammalian reproductive system
cellular aspects of how the mammalian blastula may
implant into the uterine lining
terms and definitions used in the description of
implantation
variations of twinning in humans related to implantation
and placenta formation
cojoined twinning risks
Know All the Historical Figures!!!
Chapter 9 (Amphibians and Fish: Early
Development; Part A)
Specific Outside Readings
stages of amphibian development
grey crescent - development and function
Bull et. al., 2007. International Journal for Parasitology,
37:627-636