10/13/08
Communication
Modes
Signed
Systems
American
Sign
Language
What
•  uses
hand
shape,
position,
and
movement;
body
movements;
gestures;
facial
expressions;
and
other
visual
cues
to
form
words/meaning
•  complete,
complex
language
•  completely
separate
from
English
•  own
rules
for
grammar,
punctuation,
and
sentence
order
1
10/13/08
Example
•  Question‐
–  Lean
forward
–  Signal
with
eyebrows
and
facial
expression
Who
Regional
variations
4th
most
commonly
used
language
in
US
Used
by
American
Deaf
Community
Used
in
varying
degrees
in
Canada,
Philippines,
Ghana,
Nigeria,
Chad,
Burkina
Faso,
Gabon,
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Congo,
Central
African
Republic,
Côte
d'Ivoire,
Mauritania,
Kenya,
Madagascar,
Benin,
Togo,
Zimbabwe,
Singapore,
China
(Hong
Kong)
and
Guatemala.
•  One
of
more
than
100
sign
languages
in
the
world
•
•
•
•
History
•  Exact
beginnings
unclear
•  Evolved
from
early
American
sign
and
French
Sign
Language
introduced
by
Laurent
Clerc
in
1817
at
school
in
Hartford,
CN
•  Modern
ASL
and
FSL
share
some
elements,
including
a
substantial
amount
of
vocabulary
2
10/13/08
ASL
in
Action
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YfI5i_i4Dwo&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5‐Tu9KJPzs&feature=related
Cued
Speech
What
•  mouth
movements
of
speech
combine
with
“cues”
to
make
all
the
sounds
(phonemes)
of
spoken
language
look
different.
•  eight
handshapes
distinguish
consonant
phonemes
•  four
locations
near
the
mouth
distinguish
vowel
phonemes
•  handshape
and
a
location
together
cue
a
syllable.
3
10/13/08
Why
•  Literacy
is
the
original
and
primary
goal
of
Cued
Speech,
by
providing
the
appropriate
phonemic
language
base
for
learning
to
read.
Cued
Speech
also
supports
the
development
of
lipreading,
auditory
discrimination,
and
speech
Speech
•  focusing
attention
on
the
mouth
•  reinforcing
the
pattern
of
phonemes
within
a
word
or
phrase
•  identifying
the
speech
sound(s)
and
syllables
being
targeted
•  being
a
motoric
reminder
and
trigger
of
speech
production
•  integrating
sound,
sight,
and
motor
aspects
to
make
learning
more
fun!
Language
•  Without
additional
disabilities,
deaf
children
with
four
or
more
years
of
consistent
use
of
Cued
Speech
master
the
syntax
and
grammar
of
spoken
language.
•  Deaf
students
reach
their
full
language
and
literacy
potential
if
their
family
members
and
educators
continue
to
communicate
consistently
with
Cued
Speech.
•  Deaf
cuers
often
learn
two
or
more
languages.
4
10/13/08
Reading
•  cues
every
phoneme
•  focuses
attention
on
the
sequence
of
sounds
(phonemes)
and
syllables
of
language
provides
visual
access
to
rhyming
•  enables
the
child
to
develop
a
complete
phonemic
model
of
language
•  can
solve
the
literacy
problem
for
most
deaf
children
Cued
Speech
in
Action
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plPw4H‐ZsMg
Rochester
Method
•  Combination
of
oral
language
and
fingerspelling
•  Signs
not
used
•  Traditional
English
used
5
10/13/08
Other
Nonverbal/Sign
•  Fingerspelling
–  Used
alone
of
with
other
sign
systems
•  Seeing
Essential
English
(SEE
1)
–  ASL
based
–  Breaks
words
into
morphemes
–  Uses
morphological
markers
(plural,
past
tense)
•  Signing
Exact
English
(SEE
2)
–  Precise
English
word
order
6