ISSN 1049-2259 Spring 2012, Vol. 24, No. 1 the 22 nd
L ast May, Keith Mages successfully defended his dissertation and earned the title, Doctor of Philosophy. Keith’s achievements were heralded by his dissertation committee, family and friends. Beyond this personal accomplishment, Keith’s defense also marked a significant milestone for the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing. Keith became graduate of the Center, joining an impressive group of scholars who together have contributed greatly to our understanding of the development of the nursing profession and its role in the healthcare system. As the Center celebrates its 25 th year anniversary, we take a look back at how the Center became a driving force in promoting cutting-edge scholarship and research in the history of nursing, producing a plethora of national and international scholars.
From its initial establishment, the Bates Center had the primary mission “… to improve the scope and quality of historical scholarship in nursing…” 1 At the time, founding director Joan Lynaugh argued convincingly for the critical need of scholarship on nursing history. Tracing the evolution of the nursing profession from its earliest days in the late 19 th century when it resembled an “invisible profession” to its late 20 th century role as a vital part of the healthcare delivery system, Joan noted the dearth of not only systematically collected and catalogued archival resources in nursing history but also a lack of researchers able to analyze and make sense of nursing’s historical role. Joan, along with fellow Center founders Drs. Karen Buhler-Wilkerson and Ellen Baer, proposed establishing a research center dedicated to collecting and preserving nursing’s past, as well as ensuring that this rich history received critical analysis through its scholarly activities. continued on page 5
Lynaugh Papers. Information for Academic Review Committee, September, 1985.
Barbara Bates Center for The Study of
The History of Nursing
U niversity of
P ennsylvania s chool of
n
Ursing

2 The Chronicle
Barbara Bates Center for The Study of
The History of Nursing
The Barbara Bates Center for The Study of The
History of Nursing was established in 1985 to encourage and facilitate historical scholarship on health care history and nursing in the
United States. Part of the Center’s mission is to maintain resources for research to improve the quality and scope of historical scholarship on nursing; and to disseminate new knowledge on nursing history through educational programs, conferences, publications, seminars and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Current projects at the Center include studies of the role of nurses in health care, the history of hospitals, the forces shaping child health care delivery, the nursing workforce and the construction of nurses’ personal and professional lives.
The Center also continues to collect, process, and catalogue an outstanding collection of primary historical materials.
Center Hours are Monday through Friday, 10:00 am to 4:00 pm Scholars planning to conduct research at the Center should email nhistory@ nursing.upenn.edu or call 215-898-4502. Our
Center staff will respond with a description of the scope and content of relevant materials in the various collections.
Center Advisory Board
Neville Strumpf, Chair
Ellen D. Baer
Ruth Schwartz Cowan
Dorothy del Bueno
M. Louise Fitzpatrick
Hannah Henderson
Jeanne Kiefner
Nadine Landis
Sandra Lewenson
Mark Frazier Lloyd
Marian Matez
Rosalyn Watts
Center Directors
Julie Fairman, PhD, RN, FAAN, Director
Barbra Mann Wall, PhD, RN, FAAN
Associate Director
Jean C. Whelan, PhD, RN, Assistant Director
Joan E. Lynaugh, PhD, RN, FAAN, Director
Emerita
Center Fellows
J. Margo Brooks-Carthon, PhD, CRNP
Cynthia Connolly, PhD, RN, FAAN
Patricia D’Antonio, PhD, RN, FAAN,
Julie Solchaski, PhD, RN, FAAN,
Winifred Connerton PhD, CNM, Post-Doctoral
Fellow
Center Staff
Gail E. Farr, MA, CA, Curator
Sandra Chaff, MS, MA, Archivist
Jessica Clark, MA, Archivist
Tiffany Collier, MA,
Center Coordinator
Donna Ostroff, Volunteer
The Chronicle is published twice a year
Managing Editor: Jean C. Whelan, PhD, RN
Editor: Tiffany Collier, MA
Assistant Editor: Kailun Wang
Bates Center Faculty and Advisory Board Chair attend the 125th anniversary celebration gala of the Visiting Nurse Association of Greater Philadelphia
In October 2011, Bates Center faculty joined the Visiting Nurse Association in celebrating their 125 th year anniversary. As guests of Center Director Emerita, Dr. Joan
Lynaugh , who is also a member of the Trustees Board of the Visiting Nurse Society of
Greater Philadelphia, Drs. Julie Fairman , Cindy Connolly , Pat D’Antonio , Neville
Strumpf , Barbra Mann Wall and Jean Whelan attended a gala event at Philadelphia’s historic Union League. They were treated to delicious food, great music and enjoyed the opportunity to interact with the many supporters of the VNA. A highlight of the evening was a film depicting the history of and current services offered by the Association in which
Joan Lynaugh provided the historical context which led to the formation of the original association, the Visiting Nurse Society. Guests at the event also received a wonderful illustrated calendar featuring photos from our Center’s VNA archival collection. The
Bates Center was thrilled to be a part of this impressive celebration which highlighted the significant contributions made by the VNA and its nurses to the health care of the people of Philadelphia.
In September, 2011, Dean Afaf Meleis announced the appointment of Center Director
Julie Fairman as the Nightingale Professor in Nursing. Founded in 2000 by Margaret
(Peggy) Mainwaring, the Nightingale Professor in Nursing, an endowed chair, honors all nurses who served their country during times of war, and is dedicated to the memory of those who died. Peggy Mainwaring served on the School’s Board of Overseers for 23 years, 12 years as Chairperson (1979-1991), and 11 years as Chair Emerita. She stepped down from the Board as an Overseer Emeritus in 2002, and continues to maintain a warm relationship with the School.
In her announcement, Dean Meleis, cited Julie’s work on the history of 20 continued on next page th century health care and its national and international influence on policy making bodies, her consistent stream of funding, her many awards and her impressive publication record.
Congratulations Julie on this well-deserved appointment.

Also in September, Dean Meleis announced the appointment of Center
Fellow and Chair of the Department of
Family and Community Health, Dr.
Patricia D’Antonio to the Killebrew-Centis
Endowed Term Chair in Undergraduate
Education. This term chair is the result of the combined generosity of Norma “Pedie”
Killebrew and Richard “Dick” Centis. In
1989, Ms. Killebrew, a former member of Penn Nursing’s Board of Overseers, agreed to fund half of a Killebrew Term
Professorship in Nursing as a challenge grant. Later, in 1991, then Overseer Centis elected to match that challenge. Together, their funding provided term support for “a faculty member who makes outstanding contributions to education” through their research and scholarship.
Dean Meleis noted Pat’s work as a historian and researcher, her contributions as editor of the Nursing History Review , her positions as Senior Fellow of the Leonard
Davis Institute for Health Economics, member of the Graduate Group in the History and Sociology of Science, and Chair of the Department of Family and Community Health and her lasting impact on the
School’s undergraduate program through her research and leadership.
Dr. D’Antonio also received a second impressive honor when she was selected by the University as a 2012 Penn Fellow. The first nursing faculty member of the School of Nursing to be chosen for this distinction,
Pat was selected for her demonstrated ability to develop a productive scholarly area of investigation with both a national and global reach and outstanding contributions in the nursing and academic community.
The Penn Fellows program, begun in
2009, provides leadership development to select Penn faculty members in midcareer. It includes opportunities to build cross-campus alliances, meet distinguished academic leaders, think strategically about universities and university governance and consult with Penn’s senior administrators.
Dr. J. Margo Brooks Carthon received the 2011 Joan Lynaugh Faculty
Mentorship Award, Department of Family and Community Health, University of
Pennsylvania School of Nursing.
Dr. Patricia D’Antonio received the
2011 Relationship-Based Care, Nursing
Excellence Award, from the Pennsylvania
Hospital Department of Nursing for her book American Nursing: A History of
Knowledge, Authority, and the Meaning of Work .
Dr. Patricia D’Antonio received the
2011 Lavinia L. Dock Award for her book
American Nursing: A History of Knowledge, Authority, and the Meaning of Work.
The Lavinia L. Dock award is presented annually at the American Association for the History of Nursing’s conference.
Dr. Julie Fairman received the 2011
Zola Mae Baber Bice Lectureship, School of Nursing, from the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The Bice Lectureship is co-sponsored with the UVA’s School of Medicine’s Medical Center Hour and encourages medicine and nursing students to keep the bigger social picture in mind throughout their studies. Julie’s lecture which took place in October, 2011 was entitled “The Future of Nursing (and Medicine and Patient Care),”
Dr. Julie Fairman was inducted into the John Morgan Honor Society, University
Schools of Medicine, Nursing, Dentistry, and Veterinary Medicine, University of
Pennsylvania as a Fellow.
Spring 2012
3
Dr. J. Margo Brooks Carthon continues work on a National Institute of Nursing
Research, National Institutes of Health K01 grant, “Nursing Care and Practice Environment Influences in Reducing Disparities in
Hospital Outcomes.”
Dr. Cynthia Connolly’s Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation Investigator Award in
Health Policy Research grant on the history of children and pharmaceuticals since
World War II entitled “A Prescription for a
Healthy Childhood: A History of Children and Pharmaceuticals in the United States” is on-going.
Drs. Patricia D’Antonio and Julie
Fairman are progressing on their Rockefeller Archive Center conference Grantin-Aid, “Rethinking the Global History of Nursing.” They and Dr. Jean Whelan continue work on a Routledge Press Publication Grant for a publication entitled
Routledge’s Handbook on the Global
History of Nursing.
Dr. J. Margo Brooks Carthon received a grant for her study, “The Diversity
Imperative: A National Survey of Pipeline
Initiatives to Increase Minority Representation in Nursing,” from the Robert Wood
Johnson Foundation, New Connections Program. The purpose of this significant study is to evaluate nursing pipeline programs and develop measures to increase participation in the field of underrepresented groups.
Dr. Barbra Mann Wall mentored undergraduate student Lauren Johnson to a successful grant from the Undergraduate Urban Research Program at the Penn
Institute for Urban Research as well as the
Vagelos Center for Undergraduate Research
Fund, for her work, “The History of Medicalized Childbirth in Sub-Saharan Africa.”
Several faculty members continue work on on-going grants.
Connolly, C.A. & Golden, J. (2011).
“Remarkable improvement”: Sulfa drugs and pediatric meningococcal meningitis,
1937-1949. Pediatrics , 127 , 1011-1013.
Connolly, C. A.
(2011). Pharmaceuticals, history, and American society . Nursing History Review , 19 , 217-220.
Wall, B.M.
(2011). History of Catholic nursing in the United States. In M. Fowler,
S.R. Kirkham, R. Sawatzky & E. J. Taylor (Eds), Religions in Nursing: Ethical,
Theoretical, and Empirical Perspectives
(pp. 151-172). New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Brooks Carthon, J. M. “Nurses,
Networks and Disruptive Innovations:
Multi-Method Approaches to Address
Inequities in Healthcare,” Invited speaker at the Sigma Theta Tau Fall Scholarly
Colloquium. XI Chapter, October 2011,
Philadelphia, PA
Connolly, C.A.
“Don’t Know Much about History….: The Pitfalls of an Ahiscontinued on next page

4 The Chronicle torical American Health Policy.” Visiting scholar and invited speaker at the Molloy
College Division of Nursing, October 2011,
Rockville Centre, NY.
Connolly, C.A.
“No Medication Left
Behind?: Nurses and Pediatric Pharmaceutical Policy since World War II.” Invited speaker at the National Association of
Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, Minnesota
Chapter, October 2011, Minneapolis, MN.
Connolly, C.A. “Parents, Practitioners, and Pills: Children’s Pharmaceutical
Policy in the United States in the Twentieth Century.” Invited speaker for the
Medical Care Section, “The Politics of
Patients’ Rights: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Debates,” American Public Health Association Annual
Meeting, November 2011, Washington,
DC.
Connolly, C.A.
“Snatching Children from Certain Doom?: Science, the Pretubercular Child, and Changing Standards of Evidence, 1909-1970.” Invited speaker at the University Of Minnesota School of
Medicine Colloquium, October 2011, Minneapolis, MN.
D’Antonio, P. “ Nursing: The Past, the
Present and the Future.” Keynote address,
ANCC National Magnet Conference, October 2011, Baltimore, MD.
D’Antonio, P.
“How to Understand the
Historical Diversity of Nursing Practice,
Research, and Teaching.” Keynote address,
Second Annual Nursing Research Symposium, Pennsylvania Hospital, September
2011, Philadelphia, PA.
Fairman, J.
“The Future of Nursing:
The United States Perspective,” International Health Research and Policy Roundtable,
Canadian Nurses Association, September
2011, Ottawa, Canada.
Fairman, J.
“The Future of Nursing:
One Year Later,” Panel presentation, 38 th
Annual Meeting and Conference of the
American Academy of Nursing, October
2011, Washington, D.C.
Fairman, J. “The Future of Primary
Care: The Changing Role of the Primary
Care Provider,” Public Health Law Research Program, American Society of Law,
Medicine and Ethics, Public Health Law
Association and Network for Public Health
Law Series Webinar, October 2011.
Mahoney, A. L. “Diaries, Portraits and Caps: Textual Analysis and the
Artifacts of Nursing Education.” 28th
Annual Research Conference, American
Association for the History of Nursing, September, 2011, Fort Worth, Texas.
Wall, B.M. “Beyond the Imperial
Narrative: Catholic Missionary Nursing and Medicine in Africa, 1880-1990.”
Conference on Humanitarianism, Nursing and Missions: How to Study Knowledge
Exchanges in a Historical, Transnational
Perspective, September 2011, Bergen,
Norway.
Wall, B.M.
“Knowledge Translation and the Construction of Global Modernity,
Catholic Sisters in Sub-Saharan Africa,
1940-2000.” History of Health Care in
Africa Conference, September 2011, Basel,
Switzerland.
Whelan, J. C. “Recreating the Past with Technology from the Present: Using Technology to Create An Interactive
Nursing History Website.” 28th Annual
Research Conference, American Association for the History of Nursing, September
2011, Fort Worth, Texas.
Center Director Julie Fairman announced the appointment of Jessica Clark as a part time Center Archivist. Jessica will be featured in the next edition of The
Chronicle.
Wall, B.M.
, Member, Council of the
Forum for Women Faculty; Faculty Sponsor for Minorities in Nursing Organization;
Member, Task Force on Diversity (School of Nursing).
Wall, B.M., Member, Task Force to
Plan Academy for Transformational Teaching of Nursing Science.
Cindy Connolly was interviewed for the video Children’s Seashore House at Atlantic City , posted on the ADVANCEWEB
Executive Insight Website which is part of
ADVANCE Newsmagazines Productions.
Julie Fairman was recently featured in the 11/6/11 documentary Inside the Nursing Crisis produced by public television network WCNY.
Jean C. Whelan participated in a multimedia presentation by ADVANCE
Long-Term Care Management entitled “Imaging the Nurse.” The presentation features photographs from the Bates Center Philadelphia General Hospital (PGH) School of
Nursing photo collection.
All of the media presentations are available through www.nursing.upenn.
edu/history on the announcements panel.
The last edition of The Chronicle incorrectly spelled the name of the recipient of the 2010 Karen Buhler-Wilkerson Faculty
Fellowship for Historical Research Fellow,
Dr. Mary Lagerwey.
STUDENT PROFILE
Amanda L Mahoney
Entered program in:
Fall of 2009
Program advisor: Julie
Fairman
Research interests and/or dissertation topic: My present research involves the history of nurses in oncology and the development of cancer treatments, the image of nurses in art and media and the evolution of the nurses role in clinical research.
Special memories: I will always think of my first year in the doctoral program at Penn as the year I gave birth to my son and the Bates Center gave birth to me as a historian.
Why doctoral studies in nursing history: The history of nursing provides an excellent lens for looking at the aspects of history that I find most interesting; gender, race, class and work. As the doctoral program has also offered me the opportunity to work with undergraduate students, I also feel that there is something special about those students of nursing and their approach to learning that I find inspiring.

Center Scholarship, continued
All three founding faculty members were well prepared to take on the job of generating groundbreaking nursing historical scholarship. Joan, originally recruited to Penn to direct the Primary Care Master’s
Program, had completed research on the history of Kansas City community hospitals at the University of Kansas. Ellen, appointed to teach in the undergraduate program, was exploring professionalization in nursing, at
NYU, while Karen, already a Community
Health instructor at Penn, was pursuing her
PhD at Penn in Urban Studies by investigating public health nursing with Charles
Rosenberg as her dissertation chair. Charles invited Karen to bring her new colleagues to his weekly doctoral seminars that met in his office in College Hall. With the familiar sight of his dog sleeping underneath his table,
Charles provided a comfortable atmosphere that stimulated rigorous and fruitful discussions of healthcare history among all of his
STUDENT PROFILE
Kathleen Nishida
Entered program in: Fall of 2010
Program advisor:
Patricia D’Antonio
Research interests and/or dissertation topic:
My research interests encompass globalization, international nursing, the spread of nursing ideas as well as midwifery, medicinals, and the early
American time period.
Why doctoral studies in nursing history: I chose to enter the PhD program and study nursing history because I find it completely fascinating. Nursing history is important to me in terms of my own identity as a nurse. In my baccalaureate program in nursing I struggled with the modern identity of nursing and felt like I didn’t belong. I found the technology and the extreme efficiency of some of my peers somewhat alienating. It was through stories of some of nursing’s historical leaders that I was able to see qualities in nursing that resonated with me and it spoke to public health nursing and problem solving within communities. I also believe that in learning and practicing the methodology of historical research that I can mentor others in this particular pathway of scholarship and that this is important in advancing the academic opportunities for students who are interested in history.
various students. He came to acknowledge and support the passion of his nursing protégés, as did Dean Fagin, who later sought
University support for a nursing history center from President Sheldon Hackney, who was also a historian.
Once the Center was established, Joan,
Karen and Ellen quickly laid the groundwork for a Center devoted to exceptional scholarship. It didn’t take long for doctoral students to arrive at the Center’s doorstep ready to learn and cultivate a community of scholars. The first to complete the program was Dr. Meryn Stuart [see profile, page 9], who traveled from Canada to begin her doctoral studies on public health nursing and found a welcoming scholastic home at the Bates Center. Meryn’s graduation in
1987 paved the way for others to follow.
By the Center’s ten year anniversary, five more students completed their studies with three waiting in the wings.
The success of the early graduates, helped place the Center on the map as the place for nursing and healthcare history research. While many factors shaped the scholarship emanating from the Center, three critical ingredients insured both the quality and rigor of its research. First of all, outstanding faculty members from within the Center and throughout the University were critical in mentoring, guiding and serving on nursing history students’ dissertation committees. In addition, the
Center’s faculty members have enjoyed long collaborative relationships with the
Departments of History and the History and Sociology of Science and the Women’s
Studies Program at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, which added to the scholarly resources available to students.
Second, the archival collections of the
Center provided an ideal environment in which students learned to proficiently mine historical data. Finally, the comprehensive training provided by the Center helped doctoral students acquire a repertoire of skills essential for successful 21 st century research. As Bates Center graduate and current Associate Professor Cindy Connolly recalled of her student years, “We learned not only how to carry out a robust historical research project, but also how to disseminate our findings through published articles and conferences. We also learned how to build a long-term research agenda based on our original work.” And, most importantly, Cindy remarked, “The faculty promoted, encouraged and insisted that we write grants, grants and more grants! Most students when they started the program did not realize the importance of grant writing for their future endeavors. But we learned quickly, that writing and receiving grants would enable us to aim high, reach our goals and acquire the essential financial resources necessary for carrying out this specialized research.” continued on next page
Spring 2012
STUDENT PROFILE
Linda Tina
Maldonado
Entered program in: Fall of 2007
Program advisor: Barbra
Mann Wall
5
Research interests and/ or dissertation topic: I am interested in understanding how nurse m i d w i v e s i n
Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. negotiated care with minority, low-income communities of women during the 1960s through the 1980s.
Special memories: I’ve been very lucky to have taken so many great courses here at the University of Pennsylvania that have enabled me to add new insight into my area of research. As a result of taking courses such as Critical Race Theory and
The Politics of Women’s Health, the lens through which I view the history of midwives in a post civil rights context has grown and gathered new depth of understanding.
Why doctoral studies in nursing history: As an obstetric nurse of over twenty years, I became very interested in the multiple factors contributing to the complex differences and relationships between medical models and midwifery models of birth.
In addition, the intersection of race and class was introduced to me as another facet of the picture. I knew that the only way I wanted to approach these relationships was through a historical lens. The beauty of a doctoral degree from Penn Nursing is the ability and encouragement one receives to study from diverse fields and disciplines. The education one receives is truly one of a kind.

6
The Chronicle
Center Scholarship, continued
The result of a rigorous scholastic program allied with intensive mentorship and guidance is evident to anyone perusing the titles of Bates Center dissertations which cover a plethora of topics relevant to nursing and healthcare history. Furthermore, graduates of the program have gone on to assume positions in leading universities throughout the country, which is a testament to the quality of their research and scholarship, as well as the training they received at the Center. Looking at our current crop of doctoral students, the future looks bright for continued and significant contributions to the discipline of nursing history. The Bates Center salutes its past graduates, supports its current students and looks forward to welcoming future scholars in the years ahead.
STUDENT PROFILE
Katharine Smith
Entered program in: Fall of 2010
Program advisor: Patricia D’Antonio
Research interests: My research focus is on women who received baccalaureate degrees in the late 19th through early 20th century and then went on to enter hospital based nurse training programs. I am interested in questions of identity and class that the experiences of these women help to illuminate.
Special memories: The best moments that I’ve experienced occurred at the 2011 AAHN conference. Being a member of the AAHN, myself, is a cherished part of my identity. This is a group of smart, interested, interesting, supportive and most importantly fun-loving group of women and men. I am proud and excited to be a part of this community.
Why doctoral studies in nursing history: I was looking for a doctoral program that would support me in asking questions about the meaning of nursing practice to those who practice it, are cared for by nurses and the society that helps to define it. I never thought I would be studying history, but through reading the work of the faculty in the Bates Center, I discovered that history provides a rigorous and nuanced way to probe such questions.
I n 2010 the
Bates Center learned that Center Fellow, Dr. Patricia
D’Antonio received a Preservation Assistance Grant from the National Endowment for the
Humanities. This grant ($5,500) enabled the Center to participate in a preservation needs assessment survey of the collections by bringing a ConCenter Curator Gail Farr (back) meets with Preservation Specialist Dyani Feige to discuss the Center’s conservation needs servation Center for
Art and Historic Artifacts (CCAHA) preservation specialist here for a full day site visit. The site visit, conducted by Dyani
Feige, was to evaluate collections care and storage conditions. Evaluations such as these are essential for the viability of our collections, and the survey offered the potential to provide state of the art advice on present and future needs and planning.
During the site visit Ms. Feige evaluated general storage conditions of the collections, such as environment (temperature, relative humidity, pollution, light, and pest and mold control), fire protection, security, item storage, handling, and exhibition. The assessment also evaluated management of the collections (policies, practices, access and organization) and included evaluation of preservation needs of specific collections. Ms.
Feige met with Center and Facilities staff in order to develop a complete view of the critical areas of preservation for the collections.
Following Ms. Feige’s site visit, the Center received her written assessment report providing recommendations and priorities for conservation, preservation, management, and access to our holdings. Among the major recommendations which the Center has undertaken is the creation of a long-term preservation plan, a list of preservation priorities, and an assessment of the Center’s collections beyond those identified in the 2011 survey. Additionally, the Center is reviewing numerous suggestions and guidelines from the report that would allow us to better safeguard our holdings through formal policies, building and maintenance, environment, security, disaster preparedness, and collections care. Other long-term issues, such as the need to evaluate our future space needs and their role in ensuring the viability of the Center’s collecting program, are being taken into consideration.
The report was shared with the Center Advisory Board in October, 2011 and is currently undergoing careful review by Center staff as strategic planning goals related to the preservation and maintenance of collections are implemented.
Taking all of the recommenations of the report into consideration, the Center applied for another grant, this time through the CCAHA’s Philadelphia Stewardship program.
This grant, which was recently funded, will provide the staff with access to additional professional expertise and guidance through the CCAHA in preparing a preservation plan for many of our collections. Although we now have the 2011 survey report to use as a blueprint for addressing collections care practices and planning, we do not have a formal strategic preservation plan as the report recommended. Since our staff just completed the overview survey, we are at an opportune time to develop a plan which would enable us to systematically address the recommendations made in the survey over the next five years. continued on page 19

C ontinuing our 25th anniversary celebration, the
Bates Center sponsored another lively open house on October
20, 2011. The theme featured this semester, “There’s No Place Like
Home,” celebrated public health nursing in honor of the Visiting Nurse
Association of Greater Philadelphia’s
125th birthday. The Bates Center is fortunate to hold the records of both the Visiting Nurse Society of Philadelphia (VNS) (1886-1987) and the
Visiting Nurse Association of Greater
Philadelphia (VNA) (1976-1994).
(The Visiting Nurse Association of
Greater Philadelphia is the successor agency to the Visiting Nurse Society of
(from left) Jean Whelan and Joan Lynaugh prepare display for Ellen D. Baer Reading Room
Philadelphia). These two collections, which were among the first the Center acquired, are quite extensive and shed light on how public health nursing and home health services evolved over the course of the late 19 th and 20 th century.
Included in the collections are: materials documenting the early work of the VNS, administrative and financial records; committee minutes, descriptions of the work of the nurses and photographs and artifacts from the two organizations. By looking at the various records and documents on display at the Open House and poring over photographs and ledgers, attendees discovered the ways in which public health nursing has changed over the years. Some of the popular items at the reading room exhibit were the public health nurses’ bags from the Bates Center’s collection, including one from our very own
Assistant Director Jean Whelan! In addition to the items on display in the reading room, the open house featured a collection of faculty publications, vintage posters, and artifacts related to public health. The festive affair brought students, staff, and faculty together in order to share refreshments in the convivial atmosphere of the Center’s conference room which features items from the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing collection. Stay tuned for an announcement about the next open house at the
Bates Center. We expect these events to become a new Penn Nursing tradition!
Spring 2012
STUDENT PROFILE
Briana Ralston
Entered program in:
Fall of 2010
Program advisor: Julie
Fairman
7
Research interests: I am investigating the process of the establishment and development of neonatal intensive care units during the 1960s and 70s.
Special memories: People say that if you want a good dose of humility, enroll in a PhD program.
The scholars at the Bates Center have consistently held the bar higher for me than I thought it could go. I am still looking up at it, and the crick in my neck is a bit distracting at times. But there have also been chats over cups of tea, nods and smiles, and even some good laughs to put things in perspective. It has been in the little moments of mentorship that the academic standards seem achievable. In some ways, it has been these little moments that temper that consistent dose of grad student humility.
Why doctoral studies in nursing history:
During my senior year in nursing at Penn, Dr.
Fairman suggested I undertake a historical study for my senior thesis which I thought would be fun. She guided me through the thesis project, but she also gave me the space to begin to explore and discover historical scholarship. Through that process, and as I continued to think about it over the next few years, I realized how challenging and enjoyable history is. But I also began to see how much I needed to absorb to fully engage in good historical scholarship, and how that excellent scholarship can impact policy and practice.
So I emailed Dr Fairman and asked her about the
PhD program, and the rest is...history!

8 The Chronicle
Center Graduates
Where are they now?

Center Graduates
Spring 2012
Where are they now?
9
2008

10
The Chronicle
W hen Joan received her diploma from St. Mary’s Hospital Training School, Rochester, New York in 1956, nursing was starting a fundamental shift in thought and practice. As did many nurses of that time, Joan climbed the traditional administrative ladder from staff to head nurse. Yet, this was also a period when nurses were getting restless and change was in the air. For Joan, it was her clinical experience as an intensive care nurse that transformed her perspective. This experience gave her the vision to understand that nurses had the intellectual ability to practice in enlarged roles, and that their practice contributed in significant ways to overall health care delivery. Little did Joan realize that she was about to embark on an adventurous and pioneering journey to discover new roles for advanced practice nurses and new models of collaborative practice; changes that revolutionized the profession.
Much of Joan’s earlier career was marked by being in the right place at the right time. She attended the University of Rochester and received her BSN in
1961 and her masters in 1968. The University of Rochester at that time was part of an academic health center that was an incubator for interdisciplinary education and practice. As Joan recalled “I had been working with [physician] Nate
Lassman for several months…we agreed that I—he had already started working with some of the clinic nurses—would join that group…..I said, I would like to start seeing some patients with him and just see what I could do with them.”
Eventually, she became part of what she referred to as the “Clandestine Clinic,” a practice that also included Barbara Bates. This astute ability to recognize opportunities, establish relationships, and take chances has served Joan well and characterizes many of her later accomplishments. And, we see an important example of this in the medical nurse practitioner program she and Barbara Bates developed in the early 1970s at Rochester. This program has given us the internationally renowned Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking , now in its 10 th edition and the Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking .
Joan left Rochester in 1976 for the University of Kansas, where she studied under historian Regina Morantz Sanchez, and did dissertation research on the history of the Kansas City General Hospital. She had not yet finished the PhD program when Claire Fagin, then Dean of the School of Nursing, persuaded her to come to the University of Pennsylvania to start the Primary Care Family Nurse
Practitioner Program. One of Claire’s chief selling points was Joan’s opportunity to work with Charles Rosenberg and Rosemary Stevens, then professors in the University’s Department of History and Sociology of Science. Charles and Rosemary became her strongest supporters and advisors when she and like-minded colleagues, Ellen Baer and Karen Buhler-Wilkerson, also in the School of Nursing, began to develop ideas about the power of nursing history to understand the work and worth of nursing. Added into this equation was the possibility of developing a nursing history research center at the school. Joan was the right person, at the right place, at the right time, with the right people.
As her earliest doctoral students, we both have fond memories of listening to Joan tell a story about nursing history’s obligation to challenge the traditional “Great Nurse” narrative. Her story emphasized the actual care of patients and the nurses who delivered that care and the importance of using history to ask and think about broader historical questions. We saw how she meshed her historical analyses with her clinical experience, and she taught us to do the same. We also watched in awe as she effortlessly wore two hats. Joan moved seamlessly between her role as the Associate Director of the Robert Wood Johnson Teaching Nursing Home Project and her role as a leading historical scholar. She never lost sight of us, her students, or our needs as fledgling historians to control the abstract by organizing historical data on index cards, to quickly reading the overwhelming number of large and very dense books that confronted us, and to accept the ambiguity of history when our nursing course work was situated in the positivist tradition. We remember her office, which she opened up to us all, as an oasis of intellect, security and humor. She kept us grounded, committed, and excited about what we were doing. She didn’t just teach us history – she taught us how to live and grow into inclusive and respectful women. Because of her, we learned to introduce and include students in conversations we might be having with colleagues as well as the value of promoting our colleagues work as much as our own. We also learned the finer, more practical points of “doing history,” such as that we cannot—must not—exceed the 20-minute time frame for our presentations. That would intrude on other speakers’ time. We remember these and many more lessons as we teach each new generation of scholars.
Joan has had a very successful career as a faculty member at the School of Nursing at Penn. She was the first Director of the Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, later renamed the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, she held a term chair in the History of Nursing and Health, and she was the Associate Dean and Director continued on page 18

Spring 2012 11
The Center is pleased to welcome Virginia (Ginny) Cameron and Thora Williams to the Bates Center as our new volunteers.
Ginny and Thora were encouraged to volunteer after attending a reception held in Spring
2010 celebrating the Bates Center’s acquisition of the
Episcopal Hospital
School of Nursing and the Episcopal
Hospital records.
At that event, Center Director Julie
Fairman urged
Episcopal alumni to consider assisting in the processing of what is the most extensive collection held by the Center. Ginny and Thora eagerly accepted the call to action and con-
(from left) Thora Williams and Ginny Cameron examine photos detailing early history of Episcopal
School of Nursing tacted Assistant
Director Jean Whelan to inquire about how they could be of service.
Ginny and Thora came to the Center well-qualified to work on the Episcopal collection. Both were born and raised in the Delaware Valley, and came to know each other as members of the Episcopal
Hospital School of Nursing Class of 1962.
Ginny, who grew up wanting to be a nurse, chose to enter the Episcopal program on the advice of her best friend who also attended. Thora had a similar desire to go into a service oriented career and chose
Episcopal Hospital School of Nursing in large part because her mother was a 1938 graduate of the school. For the two nurses, the choice of Episcopal proved to be an excellent one. “Episcopal was growing at that time, and the education the school offered prepared me for a wonderful and fulfilling career” Thora recalled.
After graduation, the two took different career paths. Ginny worked on a medical surgical unit for a year after which she took time off to raise her children. Returning to the workforce once her two daughters were college age, Ginny transitioned from working as an acute care nurse to positions in preventative and long term care. She ran a well-baby clinic for the Visiting Nurse
Service; worked in hospice care, which was a life-altering experience for her; and was employed in medical care management before retiring in 1997.
Thora took her first nursing position at Holy Redeemer Hospital located in
Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania. It was at Holy Redeemer where Thora spent the majority of her nursing career. Thora did, however briefly work in Colorado where she reported the skiing was quite good!
At Holy Redeemer, Thora carved out an impressive career holding a variety of positions, the last of which was in staff development. Thora retired from her longstanding career in nursing in 2007.
Ginny and Thora’s time at the Center has been quite productive as they delve into and sort portions of what is the largest single collection held by the Center.
The Episcopal collection includes records, documents, and artifacts that date back to the mid-19 th century and organizing components of it in preparation for processing is a massive undertaking. So far, the volunteers have spent the bulk of their time working on sorting, cataloguing and collating the extensive school of nursing photo collection. This involves not just arranging the photos into manageable files, but also identifying buildings, people and events pictured in the photos and placing the photos in protective sheaths. With the guidance of Center Archival staff Gail Farr and Sandra Chaff, Ginny and
Thora initially developed a template of critical characteristics to note about each photo in the collection. Once that stage was completed they began reviewing each photograph, recording the pertinent information. This type of work is quite detailed
(Ginny reports that Thora is the detail person) and requires a good bit of detective work.
Armed with old yearbooks and other sources of information, the two volunteers have been able to identify most of the people pictured.
Work completed on the photo collection is invaluable to the Center. This work has been possible not only due to the hard work of Ginny and
Thora, but also through the generosity of many Episcopal alumni who have donated funds that have been used to offset the tremendous processing costs for the collection. As we move towards digitizing more of the Center collections, the initial cataloging carried out by Ginny and Thora will provide the baseline data that will ease the transition to a fully digitized product.
The Episcopal photos provide a fascinating visual documentation of the life of a major health care facility, one which the
Center plans, financial support permitting, to make electronically accessible in the future. The data compiled by Ginny and Thora is the critical first step in this project. Further, even before the photos are fully digitized the data base compiled by the two volunteers will help researchers cull out data required for scholarly investigation. Additionally, the volunteers have also spent time sorting through the school yearbooks, identifying duplicates and organizing the schools extensive book collection in preparation for cataloguing.
Thanks to their efforts the Center now has a list of the many publications contained within the collection, many of which are critical resources for historical research. continued on page 14

12 The Chronicle
Over the past 18 months, the Bates Center has been fortunate in acquiring several outstanding collections of personal papers highlighting careers of individuals who have helped make nursing more visible and well known both through their own individual efforts and through professional groups. These accessions include:
Martha Emily Shaw, RN, Collection , (1911-1934): Personal papers of this Philadelphia native and graduate of the Training
School for Nurses of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania include her 1911 course lecture notes, photographs taken while she served with the University’s Base Hospital No. 20 in France during World War I, and materials concerning her participation in the American Legion’s Helen Fairchild Post 412. The collection was donated to the Bates Center by Shaw’s grand-nephew, Harry B.
Kidd (1 linear ft.).
Ildaura Murillo-Rohde, PhD, RN, FAAN, Papers, (1930-2005) : Born in Panama in 1920, Dr. Murillo-Rohde received her bachelor’s and master’s degrees in psychiatric nursing at Teachers College, Columbia University, where she studied under the noted educator,
Hildegard Peplau. As a teacher and later as dean of the SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Nursing, (1982-1987), Murillo-
Rhode sought to rectify the underrepresentation of Hispanics in the American nursing workforce and in academic settings through an active educational and outreach effort that took root in the forming of an ad hoc minority nurse committee within the American Nurses
Association (1975) and in the subsequent emergence of the National Association of Spanish-Speaking/Spanish-Surnamed Nurses, later renamed the National Association of Hispanic Nurses (NAHN), which she founded in that year. Murillo-Rohde envisioned a national advocacy group which would provide a unified voice for addressing the unique cultural concerns of Hispanic nurses and the communities they served. She went on to preside over the NAHN and encouraged its growth through local chapters beginning with that of New York formed in 1983.
The Murillo-Rohde papers richly document this facet of American nursing history. The bulk of the collection is made up of Murillo-
Rohde’s personal papers including manuscripts, speeches, course notes, and correspondence concerning her research and publications as well as audio and video tapes. Also included are materials concerning her early life in Central America and nurse training experiences in Texas which shed light on the broader migration of Spanish-speaking people into and through the U.S. The collection contains significant material on the forming of the NAHN including scrapbooks, clippings, photo albums, membership lists, and directories of the organization in its formative years. Interestingly enough, the material illuminates the development of organizations representing African-Americans, Native Americans, and other groups in the 1970s with whom the NAHN partnered in lobbying for improved health care and professional training for underserved populations. The NAHN has since relocated its headquarters from New York to
Washington where it plays an active advocacy role.
Dr. Murillo-Rohde’s niece, Patrocinia Murillo donated the papers to the Center. The Bates Center gratefully acknowledges this valuable donation to our collections (60 linear feet).
Betty M. Neuman, RN, PhD, FAAN, Papers (1924-2007) : The Center has acquired the papers of Betty Neuman, originator of the Neuman Systems Model. Originally presented in an article in the journal, Nursing Research (Spring 1972) and further elaborated in the book, The Neuman Systems Model: Application to Nursing Education and Practice (1982), this model was developed to provide unity and breadth in an entry course for graduate students in the University of California – Los Angeles’ program in community mental health. Neuman’s framework, which offers a structure that focused on individual patients (clients) and how they functioned within a system that centered around the patient’s own unique energy resources, has attracted numerous adherents. The papers which
Dr. Neuman donated to the Bates Center provide insight into her evolution as a nursing theorist and her interests in a holistic approach to care (20 linear feet).
Neuman Systems Model Trustees Group, Inc., Records (1988-2008): These records, donated by the Neuman System Model
Trustees Group, Inc., document the activities of this organization which is dedicated to the support, promotion, and integrity of the
Neuman model. They contain minutes, correspondence, proceedings, and Neuman-inspired literature gathered since the group’s founding in 1988 (9 linear feet).
Loretta C. Ford, RN, PNP, FAAN, FAAN, Papers (1950-2008): The Center is delighted to have received a collection of papers donated by Loretta C. Ford, founder of the nurse practitioner movement. The materials document Ford’s efforts, beginning in the mid-1960s, to provide nurses with advanced nurse training and therefore create a new type of practitioner and new delivery options.
Inspired by the shortage of family-care physicians in rural Colorado where she worked as a public health nurse, Ford pioneered a model curriculum combining nursing education and advanced nurse training at the University of Colorado (1965), which she went on to develop as dean of the University of Rochester School of Nursing (1972-1985). At the time, Center Founding Director Joan Lynaugh was also on the faculty of the University of Rochester. While at Rochester and in association with the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Dr. Ford pioneered the unification model of nursing education, practice, and research.
The collection traces the development of the “N.P.” or advanced nurse practictioner movement from its roots up through recently.
Fortunately, Ford saved a great deal of material which is contained in the collection and continued on page 14

Spring 2012
C enter Fellow Cynthia Connolly, PhD RN FAAN is hard at work on two major research projects. The first uses a historical lens through which to probe the many dimensions of issues surrounding children and pharmaceuticals. The idea for this project first arose in 2001 while Dr. Connolly was working as a legislative fellow on Capitol
Hill. Asked to attend a hearing for a bill that eventually became the 2002 “Best
Pharmaceuticals for Children Act,” Dr.
Connolly learned that the vast majority of drugs administered to children in the United
States at that time had not been evaluated
Cynthia Connolly for safety and efficacy in the pediatric population. An experienced pediatric nurse,
Dr. Connolly worried about the clinical implications of this practice. Further, as a newly minted historian who knew that much of the 20 th century drug-related legislation was enacted in response to disasters in children, she thought that plumbing the history of this complicated issue offered much to teach us for today’s issues.
After completing her award-winning first book, Saving Sickly Children The
Tuberculosis Preventorium Movement in
American Life, 1909-1970 (2008), Connolly began working on this new project, for which she has received a prestigious Robert
Wood Johnson Foundation Investigator in
Health Policy Research Award. Her project,
A Prescription for Healthy Childhood: A
History of Children and Pharmaceuticals in the United States , addresses four major post-World War II health policy issues: 1) how beliefs about children and their place in
American society informed policy debates surrounding pharmaceuticals for children;
2) how stakeholders have responded to debates about use, testing, advertising, and regulation of pharmaceuticals for children;
3) how ideas about children’s “best interests” shifted over time and shaped health policy; and 4) how politics and legislative and regulatory choices led to reforms with both intended and unintended consequences. Dr. Connolly has spent much of the past year traveling around the country conducting oral histories and visiting archives to collect data for this project. Her findings will shed light on current controversies such as the escalating use of behavioral drugs in children, off-label prescribing of anti-depressants, use of over-the-counter products, and the appropriate role of drug studies in children to ensure safety and efficacy, rather than simply generalizing from study results on adults. Her research will expand our understanding of the costs, benefits, risks, coverage, and access issues associated with children’s pharmaceuticals.
Dr. Connolly is also spearheading a second historical study, this one funded by the Commonwealth Fund (CMWF)
Program. The CMWF has created models that improve children’s health for nearly one hundred years, providing evidence supporting the notion that significant public investment in children’s health yields substantive benefits to American society.
Nested in the context of the history of well child care in the United States, this study will provide an analysis of the CMWF program, Child Development and Preventive Care, since 1999.
Both projects advance Dr. Connolly’s program of research which analyzes the forces that have shaped children’s health care delivery and family policy in the
United States. We look forward to hearing more about these projects as they are completed and published.
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14 The Chronicle
Ginny and Thora, continued
Since its establishment 25 years ago, the Center has relied heavily on the contributions of expert volunteers. We are especially fortunate to have Ginny and
Thora as part of our volunteer team and appreciating greatly the time, effort and diligence they put into their work as we continue the processing of the Episcopal collection. Their participation is proving to be an essential link in moving the collection forward in making it accessible to researchers. We hope to continue this mutually beneficial association in the years to come.
Interested in volunteering at the
Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the
History of Nursing? If so, please e-mail nhistory@nursing.upenn.edu or call 215-
898-4502.
Like Us On
Visit our page to learn more about the
Center, view photos, and keep up-todate on all of our activities.
http://www.facebook.com/PennNursing-
BatesHistoryCenter
As volunteers Giny and Thora work their way through the photographic archives of the Episcopal collection, they have been stumped by the image of a man who appears in a number of photos. This individual was the superintendent of Episcopal Hospital during the early 1930s. Yet, his name has not yet shown up in any of the school records that have been processed so far. We know that many of our Chronicle readers are well-versed in Philadelphian history, so if any of you know the name of this man and can identify him in a photograph, please let us know!
Recent Acquisitions, continued of interest from a historical standpoint including copies of her articles, speeches, books, and clippings as well as audio-cassette and video tapes focusing on the advanced nurse practitioner concept (9 linear feet).
Association of Community Health Nursing Educators (ACHNE): The Center’s holdings of the ACHNE’s organizational records have been augmented this past year by the addition of files donated by Naomi E. Ervin, PhD, RN, PHCNS-BC, FAAN,
PhD, who served as president-elect and president of ACHNE from 1993-1998. Ervin’s files offer insights into many of ACHNE’s initiatives during these years including its collaborations with the ANA, the Quad Council, and the National Organization Liaison
Forum (NOLF) to foster public and community health nursing education (7 linear feet).
The Bates Center is honored to have the opportunity to preserve these resources and to make them available for research use. Processing of these valuable collections is critical in order to ensure their accessibility to researchers and scholars globally. To donate to the processing of these, and other, collections, please visit www.nursing.upenn.
edu/historygiving. - Gail E. Farr, CA, Curator
T he Bates Center has always been very fortunate to have an excellent cadre of work study students employed at the Center. This last year, the Center welcomed two more students whose work has proved to be invaluable to the Center.
A sophomore in the College of Arts and Sciences, Elisa Stroh chose to attend the University of Pennsylvania because of its intellectually stimulating environment and location in Philadelphia, the city in which she was born and raised. Majoring in both Urban Studies and Political
Science, Elisa is interested in the role that the government can play in implementing policies that will benefit and improve cities. With a minor in American History, she is also interested in the development and growth of cities throughout United States’ history. In addition to her studies, Elisa,
Elisa Stroh a native Philadelphian, also finds time to contribute to the community. As a member of Big Brothers/Big Sisters and The West
Philadelphia Tutoring Project, Elisa hopes to give back by ensuring that others have the opportunity to achieve their academic dreams.
Elisa’s work at the Bates Center has been quite varied. She has for example spent considerable time on the Lankenau
Transcript Project. This project involves inputting data from student records of the
Lankenau Hospital School of Nursing.
Once completed the resulting data base will contain easily retrievable information that the Center can use to expedite transcript request from Lankenau graduates.
As well, the date base can be used by researchers serving as a source of critical information on characteristics of student nurses attending a major Philadelphia area school of nursing. A successful completion of this project is due to Elisa’s detailed work. Elisa has also been involved in the continued on page 19

Spring 2012
by Jamie Lapeyre, RN, PhD Candidate
Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto
A s the recipient of the Alice
Fisher Society Fellowship for Historical Research in
Nursing , I spent two weeks in spring of
2011 at the Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing in order to access the archival holdings. Visiting the
Bates Center allowed me to build upon my PhD dissertation research examining the relationship between developments in public health nursing in the United
States prior to 1920, and the subsequent establishment of an international public health nursing program by the Rockefeller
Foundation (RF) during the early 1920s.
My interest in the Center’s holdings related primarily to two collections, the
Annie Warburton Goodrich Papers and the collection of the National Organization for Public Health Nurses (NOPHN).
Both collections contain valuable source data on the development of public health nursing education in the US during the early 20 th century.
Goodrich’s career, which included holding a number of high ranking jobs, positioned her as an effective leader and spokesperson for the American nursing profession during the early 20 th century.
The Bates Center collection of Goodrich’s papers provides fascinating details of her efforts to raise the standard of nursing education in the US. For example, as the US entered World War I, Goodrich successfully convinced government officials of the need to use fully trained nurses as opposed to nurse aides trained in short courses for war service. Her efforts resulted in the establishment in
1918 of the United States Student Nurse
Reserve, more commonly known as the
Army School of Nursing of which Goodrich served as its first Dean. Goodrich’s career included serving in various offices in many professional associations. She was at various points in time president of the American Nurses’ Association, the
American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses (later renamed the National League for Nursing
Education), the International Council of
Nurses and the American Association of
Collegiate Schools of Nursing. She was also active in the 1912 formation of the
NOPHN.
The re cords of the
NOPHN, also available at the
Bates Center, highlight the early 20 th century efforts of the organization, in advocating for a role for nurses within the rapidly growing
Jaime Lapeyre field of public health. Under the leadership of Goodrich and Mary Beard, Associate Director of the International Health Division of the
RF, the NOPHN was able to gain the financial support of the RF, a prominent philanthropic organization, to support a number of programs aimed at the promotion of health internationally. One issue in which the RF was involved concerned the proper training for those working in the front lines of public health. Controversy existed over whether or not health visitors, those delivering primary public health services, required the amount of training traditionally provided to nurses.
American nurses, including Goodrich and
Beard, argued persuasively for the use of professional nurses in public health roles.
With the support of influential RF officers, nurse leaders’ gained further legitimacy in their efforts towards the promotion of the public health nurses, and combated arguments for the continued preparation of non-nurse health visitors.
The data collected at the Bates Center also provided critical information on the antecedents to the RF’s decision to support the international development of nursing education in the 1920s. In 1923 the RF established a program of support for the development of nursing education in Europe, under the direction of
American nurse Elisabeth Crowell. Data
I collected from a previous visit to the
Rockefeller Archive Center suggests that in 1925, at the height of the international debate over the training of public health nurses, officers of the RF looked to Goodrich and Beard, as well as their nurse colleague Lillian Clayton, Chief Nurse
15 of the Philadelphia General Hospital, for advice regarding the Foundation’s international policy on nursing education. After completing a RF sponsored tour of Europe during the summer of 1925, Goodrich,
Clayton and Beard provided recommendations for improving the RF’s support for nursing education, including increasing the standard of admission to nursing schools and developing “lighthouse” or model programs. Shortly after the presentation of these recommendations, RF officers modified their policy on nursing education, incorporating Goodrich, Beard and
Clayton’s proposals. A wide set of issues that beleaguered Europe in the 1930s, such as the Great Depression, continued militarism, a rise in radical politics destroying
European democracies, and the outbreak of World War II later derailed this plan.
Yet, for a brief moment, in 1925, American nurse leaders successfully influenced the development of an international standard in nursing education.
The opportunity of consulting the
Bates Center’s archival holdings, as well as engaging in dialogue and debate with the
Center’s scholars, has helped to inform my doctoral research. Additionally, I presented my research at a Bates Center Seminar held on June 6, 2011. I look forward to having the opportunity of continuing these relationships as I complete my dissertation and continue to develop my skills as a nurse historian.
The Barbara Bates Center for The Study of the History of Nursing offers annual fellowships and research awards of up to
$5,000 to support: residence at the Center, ongoing collaboration with nurse historians, and historical research in nursing.
It is expected that the research and new materials produced by our scholars will help ensure the growth of scholarly work focused on the history of nursing. For information about applying for a Bates
Center Fellowship please our website at www.nursing.upenn.edu/history

16 The Chronicle
1992:
Patricia D’Antonio
Negotiated Care: A Case
Study of the Friend’s
Asylum 1800-1850
1999:
Cynthia A. Connolly
Prevention Through
Detention: The Pediatric Tuberculosis Preventorium Movement in the United States,
1909-1951
1985 1990 1995
1987:
Meryn E. Stuart
“Let Not the People Perish for Lack of Knowledge”: Public Health Nursing and the Ontario Rural Child
Welfare Project 1916-1930
1992:
Linda Walsh
“Not Only Nurse But Also General
Advisor and Women Friend”: Philadelphia Midwives from 1915-1930
1996:
Geertje Boschma
Creating Nursing Care for the Mentally Ill: Mental Health Nursing in
Dutch Asylums, 1890-1920
1992:
Julie A. Fairman
New Hospitals, New
Nurses, New Spaces:
The Development of Intensive Care
Units, 1950-1965
1997:
Anne Marie Walsh Brennan
Fifty Nurses over Fifty: Factors in
Long Term Employment of Nurses
1994:
Barbara Brush
Sending for Nurses: Foreign
Nurse Immigration to the United
States, 1945-1985
1997:
Janna Dieckmann
Caring for the Chronically
Ill: Philadelphia, 1895-1965

Spring 2012
17
2000:
Jean C. Whelan
Too Many, Too Few: the Supply,
Demand, and Distribution of Private
Duty Nurses, 1910-1965
2006:
Deborah Sampson
Determination and Determinants: Negotiating New
Hampshire Nurse Practitioner
Prescribing Legislation 1973 to 1985
2000:
Elizabeth A. Walsh Reedy
“Ripe Too Early”: Premature
Care in the United States 1922-
1950
2006:
Mary Gibson
From Charity to An Able Body:
The Care and Treatment of
Disabled Children in Virginia,
1910-1935
2010:
Winifred Connerton
Have Cap, Will Travel: U.S.
Nurses Abroad, 1898-1910
2000 2005
2010
2001:
Kathleen Burke
The Development and
Diffusion of Health
Technology: A Case
Study of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter
2001:
Katy Dawley
Leaving the Nest:
Nurse-Midwifery in the United States,
1940-1980
2005:
Donna Gentile O’Donnell
The Closure of Philadelphia
General Hospital: An Historical Analysis of Public
Policy, Policy, Politics and
Healthcare Delivery
2008:
Jeannine Uribe
Nurses, Philanthropies, and Governments: The Public
Mission of Chilean
Nursing, 1900-1945
2008:
Jennifer Hobbs
Naming Power: A
Historical Analysis of
Clinical Information
Systems, 1970-1990
2011:
Keith Mages
Identity from the Shelves: Nurses,
Libraries, and the Bellevue Classification System, 1934-1969.
2001:
Mary Ann Krisman Scott
The Room at the End of the Hall:
Care of the Dying, 1945-1975
2009:
J Margo Brooks Carthon
No Place for the Dying: A Tale of Urban Health Work in Philadelphia’s Black Belt, 1900-1930

18 The Chronicle
Celebrating Joan, continued of Graduate Studies. She now serves as
Professor Emerita and Director Emerita of the Center, where she continues to mentor us in our roles as journal editor, department chair and center director, and as teachers of a new generation of doctoral students, to whom she also provides valuable time as a mentor.
Joan has created a scholarly infrastructure to support the history of nursing across the globe. She served as the first editor of the Nursing History Review (1991-2001) which provided a much needed forum to exchange ideas and to bring our scholarship to a wider audience. She consulted in the formation of new nursing history centers such as those at the University of Virginia,
University of Ottawa, University College
Dublin, and the University of Manchester
(England). And because Joan seems to know everybody in the entire world, she has served as a connecting point between established, beginning and potential scholars in the history of nursing and health care.
More importantly, Joan’s scholarship illustrates that as a profession, we do not need a heroic past. Nursing has had heroes, but nursing also had the experiences of real men and women of all backgrounds and aspirations that allow us, as scholars, to explore broader historical questions that still resonate today. Her historical work stands as a superb example of the power of history to create a shared sense of mission among very different groups of nurses. Joan
Lynaugh understands history as part of the
“cultural DNA” of the profession, and her work has influenced an entire generation of students, scholars and clinicians here and abroad. We celebrate her and her accomplishments as we look forward to our
Center’s anniversary symposium, “History
Informing the Future: A Symposium in
Honor of Joan Lynaugh,” which will be held on April 13, 2012 at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing. It promises to be the most ambitious event in the Center’s storied history, and a fitting acknowledgement of the extraordinary accomplishments of our Joan!
A nn P. Knight, longtime advisory board member and friend to the Barbara
Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing, died on September
25, 2011. Ann. Knight, who was born in New York City, was a graduate of
Vassar College. She was married to Richard N. Knight Jr. and had three children: Jeanne
Park (Wentling), Richard N. III, and John Philbrick . Ms. Knight and her family resided in the Philadelphia suburb of Gladwyne, PA, where she was involved with several local organizations, such as the Gladwyne Library, Fire Company, and St. Christopher’s Church.
Ms. Knight was actively involved with the Visiting Nurse Association of Greater
Philadelphia (VNA) serving as a Chair and member of the Trustees of the VNA for many, many years. It was through her work with the VNA that she became acquainted with then
Center Director, Dr. Joan Lynaugh, who was also a member of the VNA Trustee Board.
Recognizing her talents as a VNA board member, Joan recruited Ann as a member of the Center’s Advisory Board in 1990. In 1995, Ann succeeded Lillian Sholtis Brunner as Chair of the Advisory Board, a role she would continue until 2002.
Ann was an enthusiastic supporter of Center activities. She used her broad experience in voluntary board work to provide excellent direction for the Center as it entered its second decade. During her tenure as Chair, Center programs expanded greatly. Joan
Lynuagh recalled about Ann’s association with the Center, “She was really a wonderful person to work with; a very remarkable individual who made great contributions.” In addition to her work on the Center’s advisory board and the VNA, Ann was a board member of the Vassar Designer Showhouse, and was one of the original Volunteers for Wheels for Welfare. She received an award from the Mayor of Philadelphia for her volunteerism.
Beyond her philanthropy and commitment to volunteerism, Ann Knight also excelled in competitive pursuits, bridge, backgammon, tennis and golf in which she won the Ladies Championship at the Great Chebeague Golf Club on the Chebeague Island,
Maine. Ann Knight is survived by all three of her children, as well as six grandchildren and 3 great-grandchildren. She will be greatly missed and fondly remembered by those lives she touched while a member of the Center community.

Work Study Students, continued
Philadelphia General Hospital photo collection digitization project as well as taking on a miscellany of other archival assistant duties here in the Center.
Gavra Bang, who joined the History Center staff in the summer of 2011, is also a sophomore in the
College. She chose the University of
Pennsylvania for its academic environment and location.
During her time at the History Center,
Gavra has been an instrumental figure on several projects.
For example, Gavra completed an inventory of the books held in the Ellen D. Baer Reading Room. This inventory resulted in more efficient searches for book requests as well as provided an update on the condition of individual books held by the Center, the first updating since the
Center moved to its current location. The inventory is the first phase in the Center’s ambitious book project, which will ensure that the library of books features the most significant contributions to nursing historical inquiry.
In addition to her work on the book project, Gavra is working on the retouching and
Spring 2012
Preservation Visit, continued
19 restoration of the Center’s digital archive of historical posters, which is being funded through the generosity of Center co-founder
Dr. Ellen D. Baer. Furthermore, Gavra is working with
Assistant Director
Jean C. Whelan on the photo scanning of the Philadelphia
General Hospital photo collection digitization project and compiling an inventory of the
Visiting Nurses Association of Greater Philadelphia archives. She is providing website editing assistance on the Center’s website and the
Nursing, History and Health Care website.
When Gavra is not hard at work here at the Center or studying, she keeps busy with a diverse array of extracurricular activities, such as the University’s Kempo club. Gavra also enjoys writing, reading, films and manga, which is a form of cartoons that originated in Japan. Recently Gavra has taken up practicing Martial Arts, which she has enjoyed immensely.
The Bates Center is thrilled to have
Elisa and Gavra as part of our team!
(from left) Joe Matje from Bruce Brooks
Consulting and Building Administrator Helene
Lee meet with Gail Farr and Dyani Feige during
Preservation Visit
In addition to Pat D’Antonio’s work in procuring the grant, The Center is grateful to Center Curator Gail Farr for facilitating the visit. We are also grateful to Center
Archivist Sandra Chaff for participating in the survey visit, and to our Center Coordinator Tiffany Collier for organizing and compiling the survey materials and coordinating the visit.
Preservation and collections care remains a costly, but necessary tool for maintaining our archives. The generosity of our donors has been essential to all of our conservation needs. To learn more about the Center’s collections, and how you can support these efforts, please visit www.nursing.upenn.
edu/history

20 The Chronicle
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The American Association for the
History of Nursing (AAHN) and the
Georgia Southern University are cosponsoring the Association’s 29th Annual
Conference, September 27-29, 2012 in
Savannah, Georgia. Additional information about the conference can be obtained at www.aahn.org.
International Nursing History
Conference , August 9-11, 2012. The
Danish Society of Nursing History and the Danish Museum of Nursing History in affiliation with the Southern University of
Denmark and the UC Danish Deaconess
Foundation are pleased to invite scholars to an international conference on the History of Nursing in Kolding, Jutland. Additional information about the conference and registration can be obtained at www.
conferencemanager.dk/NursingHistory/theevent.html.
2012 Annual CAHN/ACHN Conference ,
June 15-17, 2012 will be held in Medicine
Hat, Alberta. The conference theme is:
Places and People’s Health: Exploring
Nursing in Diverse Contexts. For further information on the conference contact
Florence Melchior (florence@mhc.ab.ca) or visit the website at: http://cahn-achn.ca/
International Nursing Conference ,
Jerusalem, Israel June 4 - 7, 2012. Nursing at the Hadassah Hebrew University Medical
Center and the Canadian Registered Nurses’
Association of Ontario (RNAO) will jointly hold their first international nursing conference entitled: “Nursing: Caring to Know, Knowing to Care.” For more information, please visit the conference website at http://israel.
rnao.ca/.
The American Association for the
History of Medicine (AAHM) 85th
Annual Meeting, Baltimore , Maryland,
April 26 – 29, 2012 The annual meeting of the American Association for the History of
Medicine is a fun event where opportunities to hear and discuss scholarly papers on a broad range of subjects are blended with social activities that encourage networking.
Please visit the AAHM website, www.
histmed.org for more information.
ICOWHI 19th International Congress on Women’s Health 2012: “Partnering for a Brighter Global Future,” November
14 - 16, 2012, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand. ICOWHI, a non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion of health, healthcare, and the well-being of women around the world, announces an international interdisciplinary conference. The program will take place over three days and will comprise plenary sessions, concurrent sessions, and poster presentations. This congress brings together the range of disciplines involved in Women’s Health including Nursing and
Allied Health, Clinical Medicine, Public
Health, Education, Epidemiology, Law,
Policy, and Social Research. In addition, the congress will bring together health professionals and related disciplines to review mult-dimensional aspects of current women’s healthcare issues and facilitate partnerships and networking opportunities at the global level. Abstracts will be accepted until March 31, 2012. For additional information about the congress, please visit http://www.ns.mahidol.ac.th/n_web/
WomenHealth/index.html.