Spanish American War
Mr. Mulholland
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Overview
 Causes
 Leaders
 Timeline-Events
 Maps
 Cartoons
 Evaluation
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Causes of Spanish American
War
Imperialism
Social Darwinism- Activity
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/activity
.html
Yellow Journalism
Militarism
Industrial Revolution
World Power (land)
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Imperialism
The policy of extending a nation's authority
by territorial acquisition or by the
establishment of economic and political
control over other nations
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Social Darwinism
• The application of Darwinism to the study
of human society, specifically a theory in
sociology that individuals or groups
achieve advantage over others as the result
of genetic or biological superiority.
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Yellow Journalism
• Journalism that exploits, distorts, or
exaggerates the news to create sensations
and attract readers.
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Militarism
1.Glorification of the ideals of a professional
military class
2. A policy in which military preparedness is
of primary importance to a state
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Industrial Revolution
• The complex of radical socioeconomic
changes, such as the ones that took place in
England in the late 18th century, that are
brought about when extensive
mechanization of production systems
results in a shift from home-based hand
manufacturing to large-scale factory
production
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World Power
•
•
•
•
Need for new markets to sell goods
More land to get raw materials
Keep up with European Powers
Goals of leadership
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To Hell with Spain
Remember the Maine
• At 9:40pm on February
15, 1898, the battleship
U.S.S. Maine exploded in
Havana Harbor
• 268 men were killed,
shocking the American
population
• What or who caused this
explosion?
• http://www.homeofheroes
.com/wallofhonor/spanish
_am/02_maine.html
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Waiting for the Facts
• Who is waiting?
• Why should we wait
for the “facts”?
• Why might the United
States want to go to
war?
• What positive effects
or outcomes could
come from a war with
Spain?
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Leaders
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
George Dewey
William Randolph Hearst
General Weyler “The Butcher
 Emilio Aguinaldo
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William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901)
• 25th President
• Wanted to avoid war in
Cuba
• Yellow journalism and
public supported war
• In April 1898, President
McKinley abandoned his
failed diplomatic efforts
and asked Congress for
permission to intervene in
Cuba.
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Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of
the Navy.
• “I should welcome
almost any war, for I
think this country
needs one”
• First Volunteer
Cavalry, nicknamed
the "Rough Riders.“
Stop, drop, that’s how
rough riders
roll…..(DMX)
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Commodore George Dewey
•
May 1, 1899—
Commodore Dewey and
his Asiatic Squadron
defeated the Spanish fleet
in Manila Bay
• During and after the war,
George Dewey became
one of the war's most
celebrated heroes
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William Randolph Hearst
• Newspaper publisher
and leading example of
yellow journalism
• New York Journal
started a public
hysteria for war with
Spain by publishing
incendiary articles and
illustrations
• Hearst once said "You
provide the pictures
and I'll provide the
war."
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General Weyler “The Butcher”
• In 1896, the Spanish sent
"The Butcher," to Cuba
• To prevent the insurrectos
– Weyler built concentration
camps in which he
imprisoned a large portion
of the population
• Under the harsh and
unsanitary conditions in the
concentration camps,
– Cuban prisoners died
rapidly, especially from
disease
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Emilio Aguinaldo
 The Philippines'
revolutionary leader
 Fought first against
Spanish imperialism
 After the end of the
Spanish- American
War, fought against
American
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Events-Timeline
 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt
against Spanish rule
 1896: Spanish General Weyler (the
"Butcher") comes to Cuba.
 1897: Spain recalls Weyler
 Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba
 February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes
Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting
McKinley.
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Sensational Journalism or Yellow Journalism
Activity
• Screaming newspaper headlines about the situation in
Cuba in the 1890s helped fan the flames of war by
influencing public opinion in the United States
– Research current headlines aimed at selling newspapers -rather than telling honest stories --look at newsstands and in
supermarket checkout lines
– Research some of the headlines and stories published in the
World and the Journal in the 1890s and compare these with
the headlines found in modern tabloid papers
• How are they similar and/or different? Are any stories more or
less harmful than others?
• http://www.humboldt.edu/~jcb10/spanwar.shtml
• http://www.boondocksnet.com/gallery/cartoons/1898/index_bart
.html
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Quiz-1 pts each
1. List 3 causes of the Spanish American
War
2. What ship sunk to start the war?
3. Who was the President in 1898?
4. Who was the Assistant Sec. of Navy
5. What role did Yellow Journalism play in
the Spanish American War
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Foxborough History Department
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Spanish Politeness
• Who is holding the
knife?
• Name the ship
• Is this an example of
Yellow Journalism?
Explain
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Events- Timeline

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
February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS
Maine
February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of
the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables
Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the
Philippines if war with Spain breaks out
April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with
Spain
April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the
US
April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain
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Let go of him McKinley
• Who is McKinley
holding?
• Who is being
attacked?
• What is the message
to the public in 1898?
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Events-Timeline






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May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay
(Philippines)
May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill
taken by "Rough Riders"
July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's
Caribbean fleet destroyed.
July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed
July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders
to General William Shafter
August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice
August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila
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July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill
taken by "Rough Riders"
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Events- Timeline

December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed - US
annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines for
$20 million.

January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an
independent republic - Led by Emilio
Auginaldo, the self-declared Filipino
government fights a guerilla war against the US
that lasts longer than the Spanish-American
War itself.

February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in
the Senate

1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government
allowed in Puerto Rico
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Events-Timeline




March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured.
1901: Platt Amendment-Cuban government
could not enter any foreign agreement,
allows two naval bases in Cuba and U.S can
intervene when necessary
1902: US withdraws from Cuba
1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship
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Map
Foxborough History Department
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Results of the Spanish American
War
• Treaty of Paris signed on December
10, 1898 ended the Spanish- American
War
• Cuba went free, Guam, Puerto Rico,
and the Philippines were ceded to the
US, and the US agreed to pay Spain
an indemnity of $20 million
• America becomes a world power
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Quiz-Question’s 1-3
1. Who am I?
2. What was my role
in the Spanish
American War?
3. What was the
nickname of my
voluntary Calvary?
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Quiz-Questions 4-6
4. What role did Yellow
Journalism play in the
war?
5. What ship blew up
that sparked the war?
6. Who was the
President during the
Spanish American
War?
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Question 7
7. What hill is being
taken by T.R and the
Rough Riders?
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Question 8
8. Who am I?
Hint the Admiral in
Philippines
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Short Answers
• Do you think there is any such thing as a "splendid little
war"? What other wars might some people remember as
"splendid little" ones? Who might think these wars were
not so splendid? Who usually suffers most in a war? Who
has to bear the long-term effects of a war?
• What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how
it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits
of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting
headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of
adhering to the truth?
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How We Got Hawaii
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Bayonet Constitution
• Planters forced King Kalakaua to sign a
constitution which gave the planters, led by
Sanford Dole, control of the islands
• Hawaii had already leased Pearl Harbor to
the US for fueling
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Queen Liliuokalani
• Strong nationalist “Hawaii is for
Hawaiians”
• Dole proclaimed Hawaii a republic
• Requested annexation
• Queen Lil kept throne but
lost all power
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Work Cited
• Timeline- Sparknotes
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/spanishamerican/
• Other Web Sites- PBS Movie web site http://www.pbs.org/crucible/
• Small Planets
http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/teacher.html#Outline
• Pictures http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF-8&q=
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