Practice for Quiz II Quarter 1 2015
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except
A) an endoplasmic reticulum.
B) a plasma membrane.
C) DNA.
D) a cell wall.
E) ribosomes.
1)
2) Which of the following statements concerning cells of bacteria and archaea is correct?
A) DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea.
B) Archaea contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not.
C) DNA is present in both archaea and bacteria.
D) Archaea contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not.
2)
3) Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following
molecules?
A) cellulose
B) glycogen
C) nucleic acids
D) proteins
E) lipids
3)
4) The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method
were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most
likely immediate consequence?
A) the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
B) inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals
C) a change in the shape of the nucleus
D) failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information
E) the loss of all nuclear function
4)
5) Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?
A) free cytoplasmic ribosomes
B) rough ER
C) plasmodesmata
D) Golgi vesicles
E) lysosomes
5)
6) The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the
corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that
A) animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated.
B) plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells
synthesize their own nutrients.
C) plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells.
D) plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells.
E) plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm.
6)
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7) The Golgi apparatus has a polarity or sidedness to its structure and function. Which of the
following statements correctly describes this polarity?
A) Soluble proteins in the cisternae (interior) of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they
move from one side of the Golgi to the other.
B) Transport vesicles fuse with one side of the Golgi and leave from the opposite side.
C) Proteins in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one
side of the Golgi to the other.
D) Lipids in the membrane of the Golgi may be sorted and modified as they move from one side
of the Golgi to the other.
E) All of the above correctly describe polar characteristics of the Golgi function.
7)
8) Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from
prokaryotic cells?
A) In prokaryotes, the ribosomes that are used for the synthesis of secreted proteins are located
outside of the cell.
B) Proteins that are secreted by prokaryotes are synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to the
cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane.
C) Prokaryotes are unlikely to be able to secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane
system.
D) The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes.
E) Prokaryotes contain large pores in their plasma membrane that permit the movement of
proteins out of the cell.
8)
9) Hydrolytic enzymes must be segregated and packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular
components. In animal cells, which of the following organelles contains these hydrolytic enzymes?
A) central vacuole
B) lysosome
C) glyoxysome
D) chloroplast
E) peroxisome
9)
10) Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?
A) mitochondrion
B) vacuole
C) peroxisome
D) Golgi apparatus
E) lysosome
10)
11) Which of the following contains hydrolytic enzymes?
A) Golgi apparatus
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) peroxisome
E) lysosome
11)
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12) A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane,
and mitochondria. It could be a cell from
A) any multicellular organism, such as a plant or an animal.
B) nearly any eukaryotic organism.
C) any kind of organism.
D) a bacterium.
E) an animal, but not a plant.
12)
13) Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?
A) It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.
B) Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi.
C) It has too many vesicles.
D) It is a static structure.
E) It is not involved in protein synthesis.
13)
14) How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?
A) They split in two after they become sufficiently large.
B) They are brought into the cell from the environment.
C) They are built de novo from cytosol materials.
D) They bud off from the Golgi.
E) The cell synthesizes hydrogen peroxide and encloses it in a membrane.
14)
15) The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved
A) endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell–the endosymbiont evolved into
mitochondria.
B) acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a
portion of the Golgi.
C) anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen
–the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts.
D) an endosymbiotic fungal cell that evolved into the nucleus.
15)
16) In a plant cell, DNA may be found
A) in the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes.
B) only in the nucleus and chloroplasts.
C) in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.
D) only in the nucleus.
E) only in the nucleus and mitochondria.
16)
17) Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to
oxygen?
A) vacuole
B) peroxisome
C) lysosome
D) Golgi apparatus
E) mitochondrion
17)
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18) Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?
A) Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would cause little effect on the cell's
response to external signals and stimuli.
B) Transport vesicles among the membranes of the endomembrane system produce the
cytoskeleton.
C) The dynamic aspect of cytoskeletal function is made possible by the assembly and
disassembly of a large variety of proteins into complex aggregates.
D) Microfilaments are structurally rigid and resist compression, whereas microtubules resist
tension (stretching).
E) Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move
relative to each other.
18)
19) Centrioles, cilia, flagella, and basal bodies have remarkably similar structural elements and
arrangements. Which of the following hypotheses is most plausible in light of such structural
similarities?
A) Cilia and flagella coevolved in the same ancestral eukaryotic organism.
B) Natural selection for cell motility repeatedly selected for microtubular arrays in circular
patterns in the evolution of each of these structures.
C) Cilia and flagella arise from the centrioles.
D) Motor proteins such as dynein must have evolved before any of these four kinds of structures.
E) Loss of basal bodies should lead to loss of all cilia, flagella, and centrioles.
19)
20) Which of the following contain the 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, consisting of nine doublets
of microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules?
A) both motile cilia and primary (nonmotile) cilia
B) both centrioles and basal bodies
C) centrioles only
D) both basal bodies and primary (nonmotile) cilia
E) both flagella and motile cilia
20)
21) Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular
structures?
A) membrane proteins
B) cellulose fibers in the cell wall
C) cytoskeletal structures
D) sites of energy production in cellular respiration
E) ribosomes
21)
22) What do the cell walls of plants and the extracellular matrix of animal cells have in common?
A) Their proteins are made by free cytoplasmic ribosomes.
B) They are largely composed of phospholipids and glycoproteins.
C) They limit the passage of small molecules.
D) They have functional connections with the cytoskeleton inside the cell.
E) They form rigid structures that provide structural support for cells but limit their expansion.
22)
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23) A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to
proteins would most likely cause defects in its
A) nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix.
B) Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix.
C) nuclear pores and secretory vesicles.
D) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
E) nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix.
23)
24) Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
A) lysosome
B) peroxisome
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) vacuole
24)
25) When a potassium ion (K+ ) moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it
must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order
in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?
A) primary cell wall plasma membrane
cytoplasm
vacuole
B) plasma membrane primary cell wall cytoplasm
vacuole
C) primary cell wall plasma membrane
cytoplasm
secondary cell wall vacuole
D) secondary cell wall plasma membrane
primary cell wall cytoplasm
vacuole
E) primary cell wall plasma membrane lysosome cytoplasm
vacuole
25)
26) Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following structures in
animal cells?
A) gap junctions
B) peroxisomes
C) extracellular matrix
D) tight junctions
E) desmosomes
26)
27) Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to
have intercellular junctions?
A) Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much
less two, adjacent cell membranes.
B) The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned.
C) Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them.
D) Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to
one another.
E) Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another.
27)
28) According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement
about membrane phospholipids?
A) They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of
the membrane.
B) They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.
C) They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
D) They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
E) They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
28)
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29) In order for a protein to be an integral membrane protein it would have to be
A) hydrophobic.
B) completely covered with phospholipids.
C) hydrophilic.
D) amphipathic, with at least one hydrophobic region.
E) exposed on only one surface of the membrane.
29)
30) Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any
membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?
A) The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing
tightly.
B) Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content and therefore more cholesterol in
their membranes.
C) The double bonds result in shorter fatty acid tails and thinner membranes.
D) The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.
E) Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids.
30)
31) Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins?
A) They are not mobile within the bilayer.
B) They lack tertiary structure.
C) They are usually transmembrane proteins.
D) They serve only a structural role in membranes.
E) They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer.
31)
32) The primary function of polysaccharides attached to the glycoproteins and glycolipids of animal
cell membranes is
A) to maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures.
B) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition.
C) to actively transport molecules against their concentration gradients.
D) to facilitate diffusion of molecules down their concentration gradients.
E) to maintain the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane.
32)
33) Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipid bilayer?
A) integral proteins
B) transmembrane proteins
C) glycoproteins
D) integrins
E) peripheral proteins
33)
34) What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
A) large and hydrophobic
B) monosaccharides such as glucose
C) ionic
D) large polar
E) small and hydrophobic
34)
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35) Water passes quickly through cell membranes because
A) it moves through hydrophobic channels.
B) the bilayer is hydrophilic.
C) it is a small, polar, charged molecule.
D) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane.
E) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.
35)
36) Mammalian blood contains the equivalent of 0.15 M NaCl. Seawater contains the equivalent of 0.45
M NaCl. What will happen if red blood cells are transferred to seawater?
A) The blood cells will expend ATP for active transport of NaCl into the cytoplasm.
B) Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrivel and collapse.
C) NaCl will passively diffuse into the red blood cells.
D) The blood cells will take up water, swell, and eventually burst.
E) NaCl will be exported from the red blood cells by facilitated diffusion.
36)
37) When a plant cell, such as one from a peony stem, is submerged in a very hypotonic solution, what
is likely to occur?
A) The cell will burst.
B) The cell membrane will lyse.
C) The cell will become turgid.
D) Plasmolysis will shrink the interior.
E) The cell will become flaccid.
37)
38) Which of the following membrane activities requires energy from ATP hydrolysis?
A) movement of water into a cell
B) movement of glucose molecules into a bacterial cell from a medium containing a higher
concentration of glucose than inside the cell
C) facilitated diffusion of chloride ions across the membrane through a chloride channel
D) movement of Na+ ions from a lower concentration in a mammalian cell to a higher
38)
39) The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when the
concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic phosphate
concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the membrane–more acidic
outside the cell than inside the cell. Phosphate transport is an example of
A) osmosis.
B) active transport.
C) cotransport.
D) passive diffusion.
E) facilitated diffusion.
39)
40) The sodium-potassium pump is called an electrogenic pump because it
A) contributes to the membrane potential.
B) pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell.
C) is used to drive the transport of other molecules against a concentration gradient.
D) pumps equal quantities of Na+ and K+ across the membrane.
40)
concentration in the extracellular fluid
E) movement of carbon dioxide out of a paramecium
E) ionizes sodium and potassium atoms.
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41) Ions diffuse across membranes through specific ion channels
A) down the electrical gradients.
B) down the osmotic potential gradients.
C) down their concentration gradients.
D) down their chemical gradients.
E) down their electrochemical gradients.
41)
42) Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this most probably mean?
A) Proton pumps are necessary to all cell membranes.
B) Proton pumps must have evolved before any living organisms were present on Earth.
C) Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all
three domains of life.
D) The high concentration of protons in the ancient atmosphere must have necessitated a pump
mechanism.
E) Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic.
42)
43) In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell.
Where do they end up after endocytosis?
A) on the outer surface of the nucleus
B) on the ER
C) on the outside of vesicles
D) on the inside surface of the vesicle
E) on the inside surface of the cell membrane
43)
Figure 5.1
For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in Figure 5.1 with its description.
44) Which component is the peripheral protein?
A) A
B) B
C) C
45) Which component is cholesterol?
A) A
B) B
D) D
C) C
46) Which component is the fiber of the extracellular matrix?
A) A
B) B
C) C
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E) E
D) D
E) E
D) D
E) E
44)
45)
46)
47) Which component is a glycolipid?
A) A
B) B
C) C
48) Which component is a microfilament of the cytoskeleton?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
D) D
E) E
47)
48)
Figure 5.2
The solutions in the two arms of this U-tube are separated by a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose but not to
sucrose. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 2 M sucrose and 1 M glucose. Side B is half-filled with 1 M sucrose and 2 M
glucose. Initially, the liquid levels on both sides are equal.
49) Initially, in terms of tonicity, the solution in side A with respect to that in side B is
A) saturated.
B) plasmolyzed.
C) isotonic.
D) hypotonic.
E) hypertonic.
49)
50) After the system reaches equilibrium, what changes are observed?
A) The water level is higher in side B than in side A.
B) The molarity of sucrose is higher than that of glucose on side A.
C) The molarity of glucose is higher in side A than in side B.
D) The water level is unchanged.
E) The water level is higher in side A than in side B.
50)
51) Which of these observations gives the most support to the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of
eukaryotic cells?
A) the similarity in size between the cytosolic ribosomes of prokaryotes and the ribosomes
within mitochondria and chloroplasts
B) the existence of structural and molecular differences between the plasma membranes of
prokaryotes and the internal membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts
C) the size disparity between most prokaryotic cells and most eukaryotic cells
D) the observation that some eukaryotic cells lack mitochondria
51)
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52) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria
originate?
A) when a protoeukaryote engaged in a symbiotic relationship with a protocell
B) from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for proteins in
energy-transfer reactions
C) from engulfed, originally free-living proteobacteria
D) from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes
E) by secondary endosymbiosis
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52)
Answer Key
Testname: QUIZ III QUARTER 1 2015
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)
49)
50)
A
C
D
C
B
E
E
B
B
D
E
B
B
A
A
C
B
E
C
E
C
D
B
C
A
A
D
C
D
A
C
B
E
E
D
B
C
D
C
A
E
C
D
D
E
A
B
C
C
E
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Answer Key
Testname: QUIZ III QUARTER 1 2015
51) A
52) C
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