Comparative Overview of the Impact of
Hospitality & Tourism Industry
on a Nation’s Development
Opportunities & Constraints
with reference to Armenia
Mahmood A. Khan, Ph.D.
USAID EDMC Project International Consultant
This presentation is made possible by the support of the American People through the
United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The contents of this presentation are the sole responsibility of [the authors/the consultant]
and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government.
Bai wen bu ru yi jian
Մեկ անգամ տեսնելն
ավելի լավ է
քան հազար անգամ լսելը
Hearing hundred times is
not as good as seeing once
Tourism & Hospitality
• The Hospitality industry is one of the fastest growing
service industries worldwide
• It includes Hotels, Restaurants, Airlines, Surface
transportation, Attractions, Resorts, Museums, Schools,
Colleges, Mass feeding
• Touch point or moments of truth is in hospitality
• Services are intangible, heterogeneous, perishable
• Contact point for smiles, cultural diversity & peace
Global Tourism
Community-Based Tourism
Rural Tourism
Ecotourism
Culture Tourism
Community-based tourism (CBT) involves a
commitment from the local community in
providing development control and consensusbased decision making.
CBT managers need to learn how to
run a tourism business particularly in
the areas of financial management,
marketing, advertising, and
communications
Grouping of attractions/resources
Attractions/Resources
Items
Visual appeal; Climate; Interesting
architecture; well-known landmarks
Notable history, cultural attributes,
religious attributes museums
Physiographic
Culture & history
Market ties
Ethnic ties, visiting friends and
relatives, business ties
Activities
Night life, music & performance;
museums and galleries
Special Events
Festivals, fairs, conferences, games,
trade shows, seminars
Tourism superstructure
Cuisine, accommodation,
transportation, shopping
[Modified from studies by Crouch & Ritchie, 1999; & Enright & Newton, 2004]
Physiography
[landscape & climate]
Core
resources
&
attractors
Culture
[Market ties]
History
[Activities]
Attractors ranked by importance and competitiveness
Attractors
Rank
Safety
1
Cuisine
2
Dedicated tourism attractions
3
Visual appeal
4
Well-known landmarks
5
Nightlife
6
Different culture
7
Special events
8
Interesting festivals
9
Local way of life
10
Interesting architecture
11
Climate
12
Notable history
13
Museums and galleries
14
Music and performances
15
Selected Business Related Factors and their Rankings
Attractors
Rank
Political Stability
1
International Access
2
International Transportation Facilities
3
Free Port Status
4
Government Policies
5
Cleanliness of Government
6
Communication Facilities
7
Good Retail Sector
8
Staff Skills
9
Overall Economic Conditions
10
Access to information
11
Local Managerial Skills
12
Transparency in Policy Making
14
Selected Business Related Factors & Their Rankings (contd)
Attractors
Rank
Geographic location
17
High quality accommodation
18
Support from related industries
19
Tax regime
20
Presence of international firms
22
Education and training institutions
24
Regulatory framework
25
Level of technology
26
Staff costs
28
Strong currency
33
Community institutions
35
Tourism in Armenia is rooted in the country's
historical landmarks and natural attractions, such as
the water resorts of Lake Sevan, the hot springs of
Arzni and Jermuk, the forests of Dilijan, Aghveran,
Tsaghkadzor, Bjurakan and Gugark, and the
mountainous natural caves and cliffs of the
Southeast region.
Haghpat which means “strong walls” with blackened
stone walls which have survived earthquakes and
invasions still stands for the visitors.
Cuisine
Dedicated Tourism
Attractions
Visual Appeal
Well-Known Landmarks
Tourists
National/International
Booking
Agents
Transportation
Air/surface
Hotels
Restaurants
Staff
Suppliers/
Wholesalers
Food Beverage
Supplies
Staff
Tour Operators
Attractions
Staff
Staff
Wages,
Salaries,
Benefits
Poor
Households
inside
destination
Taxes
Savings
Education
Poor Households
Outside
destinations
Local Expenditure for food, shopping,
transport, entertainment, etc.
How Can we bring tourists to Armenia?
Points to Consider in Rural Tourism Planning
Image
Community Involvement
Skills Development
Service Orientation
Infrastructure
Religious Tourism
successful tourism promotional campaigns
Olive Tourism in Australia
QUESTIONS ?