Requirements for the Operations & Management of 4G Networks
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Requirements for the Operations & Management of 4G Networks Prof. James Won-Ki Hong Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering POSTECH, Korea & Prof. Alberto Leon-Garcia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto, Canada Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Challenging Issues in 4G Networks Possible 4G Infrastructures Operations and Management Requirements for 4G Networks 5. Towards 4G O&M System 6. Summary 7. Future Work Operations & Management for 4G Networks (2) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 1. Introduction – Generations of Mobile Systems 1st Generation (1G) ¾ 80’s with Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) 2nd Generation (2G) ¾ 90’s with CDMA, GSM, PDC 3rd Generation (3G) ¾ W-CDMA (IMT-2000/UMTS), CDMA2000 3.5 Generation (3.5G) ¾ IEEE 802.16e (WiBro/WiMax) & IEEE 802.20 4th Generation (4G)? ¾ OFDM, W-OFDM, Multi Carrier CDMA ¾ Interworking with the presence of 2G, 3G, WPAN, WLAN, WMAN (WiBro/WiMax), Satellite Operations & Management for 4G Networks (3) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 1. Introduction – 4G Characteristics High Speed ¾ more than 100 Mbps (stationary), average of 20 Mbps (traveling) High Network capacity ¾ at least 10 times greater than 3G systems Lower cost per bit ¾ at least 1/10~1/100 of 3G systems Fast/Seamless handoff across multiple types of nets All IP, packet based networks Next-generation multimedia support ¾ support context-rich, interactive, higher quality multimedia apps Global Roaming ¾ use services at anytime, anywhere with any technology in the world Personalized Services Operations & Management for 4G Networks (4) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. Ok, everything sounds wonderful! What are the challenging issues that must be resolved for 4G networks? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (5) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Multi-mode/Multi-access Terminal Ref: S. Y. Hui and K. H. Yeung, “Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec. 2003, pp. 54-59. Î Software Defined Radio (SDR) is the most promising solution to support accessing different networks Operations & Management for 4G Networks (6) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Network Discovery & Selection To discover available wireless systems by processing the signals sent from different wireless systems ¾ User- or system-initiated discoveries, with automatic download of software modules for different wireless systems How to select the network? ¾ The wireless system can be selected according to the best possible fit of available network resources, user QoS requirements, and user preferences Operations & Management for 4G Networks (7) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Terminal Mobility Terminal Mobility involves ¾ Location Management ¾ Handoff Management Location Management ¾ Location registration or update Terminal periodically informs the system to update relevant location DB with its up-to-date location info ¾ Call Delivery Determining the serving DB of the called terminal Locating the visiting cell/subnet of the called terminal Operations & Management for 4G Networks (8) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Handoff (Handover) Ref: S. Y. Hui and K. H. Yeung, “Challenges in the Migration to 4G Mobile Systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec. 2003, pp. 54-59. How is vertical handoff achieved within a specific time constraint? How do you discover what QoS is provided and determine whether the new network will satisfy the current QoS requirements? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (9) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Roaming Allows a customer to automatically use available services outside of the home network National Roaming ¾ The visited network is within the country Global Roaming ¾ The visited network is outside the country Inter-standard Roaming ¾ The visited network operates a different type of network Needs the support of mobility management, authentication, and billing How do you provide inter-standard, global roaming? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (10) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – QoS 4G is expected to support ¾ Voice ¾ Data ¾ Context-rich, interactive, higher quality multimedia apps Today, most ISPs use over-provisioning for QoS Will over-provisioning also work in 4G networks? ¾ Although 4G will provider higher bandwidth and capacity than 3G, the cost will always be higher than wired networks ¾ Thus, over-provisioning will NOT be feasible in 4G How do you support QoS across different wireless & mobile networks? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (11) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Security Internet worms, viruses & DoS attacks on the Internet and enterprise networks Vulnerability caused by WLAN rogue base stations Mobile networks have been fairly safe until recently ¾ First virus detected in June 2004 on Bluetooth-enabled Nokia phones running the Symbian OS More mobile terminals are expected or forced to use open, standard OS platforms to support 3rd party services Î will likely see more worms and viruses How do you provide information & network security on 4G networks? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (12) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues – Charging & Billing A 4G customer may use multiple service providers during a session Î incur a number of charges Different charging schemes may be used based on ¾ Services (e.g., voice, data, multimedia) ¾ Time, traffic amount, content (e.g., music, movie) How do you keep track of each customer’s charges per use, per segment of a session, and per network? Can we still provide a “single” bill to customers? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (13) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 2. 4G Issues - Personal Mobility A customer may be accessing different networks with different terminals A ubiquitous, simple and easy, single look-and-feel access environment must be provided Customer profile management is needed Operations & Management for 4G Networks (14) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 3. 4G Infrastructure – Simplest Model Operator IP Backbone 2G Core 2G BS Operator IP Backbone 3G Core 3G BS Internet Operator IP Backbone WLAN, WiBro/WiMax 4G BS 4G Core … Operations & Management for 4G Networks (15) Operator IP Backbone POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 3. 4G Infrastructure – Single Operator Model 2G Core 2G BS 3G Core 3G BS Internet Operator IP Backbone WLAN, WiBro/WiMax 4G BS 4G Core … Operations & Management for 4G Networks (16) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 3. 4G Infrastructure - Ultimate: All IP based 2G BS 3G BS Internet Operator IP Backbone WLAN, WiBro/WiMax 4G BS … Operations & Management for 4G Networks (17) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 3. 4G Infrastructure – My Prediction IEEE 802.16e (Wibro/WiMax) will dominate in the next few years and will be the basis of 4G network! 2G BS 3G BS Internet Operator IP Backbone WLAN 4G (WiBro/WiMax) … Operations & Management for 4G Networks (18) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 4. O&M Requirements for 4G Networks (1) Fault Management ¾ Resource Trouble Management ¾ Service Problem Management Configuration Management ¾ Device Configuration and Re-configuration ¾ Network Discovery & Selection ¾ Resource Provisioning & Management Accounting Management ¾ Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) ¾ Charging & Billing Management ¾ Session Management Performance Management ¾ Performance Monitoring ¾ Service Quality Management Operations & Management for 4G Networks (19) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 4. O&M Requirements for 4G Networks (2) Security Management ¾ Information Security ¾ Network Security Mobility Management ¾ Roaming ¾ Horizontal & Vertical Handoff Mgmt Customer Management ¾ Subscription Mgmt ¾ Profile Mgmt Terminal Management ¾ Location Mgmt ¾ Terminal Trace Mgmt Operations & Management for 4G Networks (20) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 5. Towards 4G O&M System 4G O&M System Terminal Management System (TMS) Configuration Manager Customer Manager Accounting Manager Security Manager Terminal Manager Mobility Manager Performance Manager Fault Manager Network Discovery Network Selection Mobility QoS Internet (or External IP Network) Operator IP Backbone Network) 3G BS Personal Profile Appl. Multi- WLAN platform radio 3G Network access 4G middleware ctrl. WLAN AP … 4G AP/BS 4G AP/BS Multi-mode terminal Operations & Management for 4G Networks (21) 2G BS POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 6. Summary 4G network environment will be an inter-working environment of various access networks (such as 2G, 3G, 4G, WLAN, WiMax/WiBro, ad-hoc & satellite) with IP core A lot of 4G network related R&D is being done around the world. However, most of them are for lower layers No standardization work is being done for 4G network specific yet However, what is being done for 3G and other networks can be a good reference point since 4G will be an evolutionary rather than revolutionary Need to work further on what operations & management functions will be needed specifically for 4G networks It will be interesting to see how WiBro/WiMax will impact the deployment of 4G networks Operations & Management for 4G Networks (22) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. 7. Future Work Developing O&M scenarios for 4G systems Design of 4G O&M System Applying the “autonomic management framework” to the 4G O&M System Operations & Management for 4G Networks (23) POSTECH DP&NM Lab. Thank you for listening! Questions? Operations & Management for 4G Networks (24) POSTECH DP&NM Lab.
