Montana Hayes
Montana is a women’s track and field athlete at Concordia University, Nebraska. She competes in the
multievents (indoor pentathlon and outdoor heptathlon). In training for these events, Montana must show
efficiency in anaerobic and aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility. Her events range
from the 60-meter dash to the 800-meter run, and include various throwing events. Montana is 20 years old.
Height: 72 inches (6’0”) or 1.83 meters
Weight: 155.2 lbs or 70.4 kg
BMI: 21.0
Test Protocol
BMI
Body Fat by Omron
Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold
Grip Strength
Resting Blood Pressure
Resting Heart Rate
Modified Sit and Reach
15 Recovery HR from Step
Test
VO2 Max Determined by 3
min. step test
YMCA Bench Press
Results and Data
21.0
19%
29.9%
34.5 kg
34.0 kg
110/65 mm Hg
110/55 mm Hg
61beats per min
18 ¼ inches
18 inches
17 ¾ inches
38 beats per 15 seconds
Normative or %ile rank
Normal
Leaner than Average 70 %ile
Fat (Upper)* 15 %ile
Good
37.7 ml/kg/min
60 %ile Average
27 repetitions
70 %ile Above Average
Normal
Normal
Normal
85 %ile
Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations
Measurement Site
1st Measurement
(mm)
2nd Measurement
(mm)
3rd Measurement
(mm)
Thigh
Abdomen
Suprailium
21
18
22
22
20
24
22
19
25
Sum of Three Averages: 66 = Σ 3 SKF
Average of
Closets Two
(mm)
22
19.5
24.5
The Step Test
After testing Montana, I realized my body fat calculations were not accurate. Via Skinfold calculation, I came
up with a body fat percentage of 29.9. This calculation compared to the 19% given by Omron is quite away off.
I believe that the Omron device gave the more accurate value of body fat. When compared to national norms
Montana, a heptathlete at Concordia University stacked up against other collegiate athletes in her same event.
Montana’s VO2 max was the only measurement that ranked average. The rest of the test results gave her
percentile ranks and descriptive norms above 50% or above average. If designing an exercise program for
Montana, I would suggest improving VO2 max to Montana. An improvement in VO2 max may increase her
performance in the indoor pentathlon and outdoor heptathlon.
Lindsay Anderson
Lindsay is a pole-vaulter at Concordia University. In her event, Lindsay relies heavily on the phosphagen
system, and upper body strength to compete. Lindsay is 21 years old.
Height: 64 ½ inches (5’ 4 ½”) or 1.64 meters
Weight: 137.2 lbs or 62.2 kg
BMI: 23.3
Test Protocol
BMI
Body Fat by Omron
Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold
Grip Strength
Resting Blood Pressure
Resting Heart Rate
Modified Sit and Reach
15 Recovery HR from Step
Test
VO2 Max Determined by 3
min. step test
YMCA Bench Press
Results and Data
23.3
21.1%
28.0%
36 kg
32.5 kg
128/80 mm Hg
124/76 mm Hg
67 beats per min
12 ¼ inches
14 ¼ inches
14 ½ inches
43 beats per 15 seconds
Normative or %ile rank
Normal
Leaner than Average 55 %ile
Fatter than Average 20 %ile
Good
34.0 ml/kg/min
40 % ile Below Average
46 repetitions
90 % ile Excellent
Prehypertensive/Normal
Prehypertensive /Normal
Normal
40 %ile
Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations
Measurement Site
1st Measurement
(mm)
2nd Measurement
(mm)
3rd Measurement
(mm)
Thigh
Abdomen
Suprailium
20
16
21
21
16
24
23
17
23
Sum of Three Averages: 60 = Σ 3 SKF (20.5+16+23.5)
Average of
Closets Two
(mm)
20.5
16
23.5
The Step Test
After testing Lindsay, I realized my body fat calculations were not accurate. Via Skinfold calculation, I came up
with a body fat percentage of 28.0. This calculation compared to the 21.1% given by Omron is quiet away off. I
believe that the Omron device gave the more accurate value of body fat. When compared to national norms
Lindsay, ranked average against other collegiate athletes.
Lindsay’s VO2 max and Modified Sit and Reach scores ranked below the 50% and netted her below average in
those tests. I would suggest that Lindsay seek to improve VO2 max and flexibility scores.
Jonathon Becker
Jonathon Becker is primarily a hurdler and 400 meter track and field athlete at Concordia University. He is 21
years old.
Height: 71 ½ inches (5’11 ½”) or 1.81 meters
Weight: 166 lbs or 75.3 kg
BMI: 22.8
Test Protocol
BMI
Body Fat by Omron
Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold
Grip Strength
Resting Blood Pressure
Resting Heart Rate
Modified Sit and Reach
15 Recovery HR from Step
Test
VO2 Max Determined by 3
min. step test
YMCA Bench Press
Results and Data
22.6
8.8%
10.4%
50.5 kg
46.5 kg
126/70 mm Hg
110/72 mm Hg
61beats per min
16 ¼ inches
16 ½ inches
16 inches
38 beats per 15 seconds
Normative or %ile rank
Normal
Very Lean 85 %ile
Very Lean 75 %ile
Average
47.5 ml/kg/min
65 %ile Average
22 repetitions
40 %ile Below Average
Prehypertensive/Normal
Normal
Normal
90 %ile
Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations
Measurement Site
1st Measurement
(mm)
2nd Measurement
(mm)
Chest
Thigh
Abdomen
8
12
9
8
13
7
Average of
Closets Two
(mm)
8
12.5
8
*I missed that we were supposed to take three measurements, and it should be noted that there should have been a third measurement
for the abdomen site for Jonathon.
Sum of Three Averages: 28.5 = Σ 3 SKF
The Step Test
Jonathon tested out well in most respective categories. He could stand to improve in his upper body strength
and endurance scores. Jonathon who is a sprinter has an average VO2 max. This should be expected due to the
nature of his training, although he thought to be in good condition.
Hayden Hohnholt
Hayden Hohnholt is a cross-country and track and field athlete at Concordia University. He is 22 years old and
competes in various long distance races that range from the mile to the 5 km run.
Height: 70 inches (5’11 ½”) or 1.78 meters
Weight: 147.5 lbs or 66.9 kg
BMI: 21.2
Test Protocol
BMI
Body Fat by Omron
Body Fat by Σ 3 Skinfold
Grip Strength
Resting Blood Pressure
Resting Heart Rate
Modified Sit and Reach
15 Recovery HR from Step
Test
VO2 Max Determined by 3
min. step test
YMCA Bench Press
Results and Data
21.8
12.4%
14.7%
45 kg
43 kg
123/76 mm Hg
128/68 mm Hg
50 beats per min
7 ¾ inches
8 inches
8 ½ inches
28 beats per 15 seconds
Normative or %ile rank
Normal
Leaner than Average 65 %ile
Average 60 %ile
Average
64.3 ml/kg/min
99 %ile Very High
11 repetitions
10 % ile Poor
Prehypertensive/Normal
Prehypertensive/Normal
Bradycardia
10% ile
Sum of Three Site Skinfold Calculations
Measurement Site
1st Measurement
(mm)
2nd Measurement
(mm)
Chest
Thigh
Abdomen
8
13
15
9
15
16
*I missed that we were supposed to take three measurements.
Sum of Three Averages: 38.5 = Σ 3 SKF (8.5+14.5+15.1)
14
Average of
Closets Two
(mm)
8.5
14.5
15.5
The Step Test
From the testing results, I would suggest that Hayden work on his upper body strength and endurance, along
with his flexibility. Hayden performed poorly in all three of these respects. His VO2 max was his strongest
score, which should be expected. Hayden competes well for the Concordia men’s track team, and performs in
distance races. He is a perennial team leader, and his VO2 max score could help explain why he is a team leader.
Administration Notes:
In class, I only was able to perform skin fold tests on men. During this testing period, I found it was
extremely difficult to perform Skinfold measurement on women. The skin folds were hard to pull away from the
body, and I believe the difficulties I had led to my inaccurate body measurements. On the topic of skin folds, I
want to note that I should have taken three measurements on site for my two male subjects. I missed that it was
preferred to take three measurements, before I corrected myself with the two female subjects.
I also want to note that for the three-minute step test I used the large black metal plyo boxes in the
weight room. During the testing period, the field house at the HHPAC was closed. The scores may have been
affected due to the different step height other than the bleachers that were used in class.