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I N THE HI G H CO U RT OF S OU TH AF RI C A
(WE ST ERN C AP E DI VI SI ON , C AP E T OWN )
CA SE N U MB E R :
5
SS0 3 / 2 0 13
DA TE:
2 4 MARCH 2 0 15
I n t he m a t te r be t we e n :
THE ST AT E
An d
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M ZI W AB AN TU M ADI B A M NCW EN GI
Ac c u s e d 1
M ZIM ASI M ADI B A M NCWEN GI
Ac c u s e d 2
BUY ELW A NO KW AN DI S A M NCW EN GI
Ac c u s e d 3
LUM KO B AM B AL AZ A
Ac c u s e d 4
XO L ANI M AK AP E L A
Ac c u s e d 5
M AW AN DE SI B OM A
Ac c u s e d 6
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S E N T E N C E
BO QW AN A, J :
I NTROD UCTI O N
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Th e a c c u s e d we re a l l c on vi c t ed o f 3 c o u n t s o f k id n ap pi ng a nd
3 c o u n t s of m u rder o f Si vu yi l e Ro la , (h e re in a ft e r re f e rre d t o a s
‘ Ms h we l e ’ ), Lu xo l o Mp o n t s h an e , (he re in a f te r re f e rred t o a s
‘ Lu xo l o ’ ) an d Ma b h u ti Ma t i ni s e , (he re in a f te r re fe rre d t o as
‘ Ma b h u ti ’ ). In ad di ti on t o t ha t a c cus e d 1, 2 , 3 a nd 4 we re
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c o n vi c t ed o f a s sau l t wi t h in t e nt t o ca u s e g ri e vo u s bo dil y h a rm
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of
Mp h u t h umi
No b a nd a ,
(he rein a f te r
re f e rre d
to
as
‘ Mp h u t hu mi ’ ), wh o i s no w d e c e a se d in c i rc um s ta nc e s n o t
re l a te d t o thi s c a se .
Th i s i s o ne o f tho s e s a d a n d u n fo rt u n at e c a se s t ha t h a ve
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b e c om e
k no wn
as
ve n g e a n ce
or
vi g ila n t e
kill ing s .
Th i s
p a rt i cul a r c a s e i n vo l ve s t h e ki dn ap pin g a nd k illi n g o f 3 yo u n g
m e n,
n am el y
Ms h we l e ,
Lu xo l o
an d
Ma b h u ti ,
wh o
we re
a ll eg e dl y k n o wn t o be t rou bl em a kers i n Ha ra re , Kh aye l i t sh a
a n d t h e a s sa ul t of Mp h u t h umi wh o m an ag e d t o f re e hi m se lf
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a n d run a wa y.
Th i s al l b eg a n b e c au s e o f a s t o le n TV
b el o ng in g to a c c u s e d 1 .
Th e Co u rt d e al s wi t h t h e o f f en c es
m o re f ull y l a t e r.
Th e p ri n ci pl e s app li c ab le i n d et e rmi ni ng a f ai r, b al a nc e d and
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a p p rop ri at e s en t enc e a re t ri te .
‘W h at h a s t o be c o n si de re d is
t h e t ria d c o n si s ting o f t h e c ri me , t he o f f en d e r a nd t h e i n t e re st
o f s o ci et y ’. Se e S v Zi nn 1 9 6 9 (2 ) SA 5 3 7 ( A) a t 5 4 0 G.
I n d e t e rmi ni ng a n a p p ro p ri a te s e n te n c e re g a rd m u s t b e h a d ,
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i n te r ali a , to th e m ai n p u rpo s e s of p u ni s hm en t . Th es e we re
d e s c rib e d in
R v Sw a ne poe l 1 94 5
( AD) 4 4 4
at 455 as
d e t e rren t , p re ve n ta t i ve , re f o rm a ti ve a n d re t rib u ti ve .
In S v
Ra bi e 1 97 5 (4 ) SA 8 5 5 ( A) a t 8 6 2A- B re f e re n c e wa s m ad e to
Go rdon, C ri m i na l Law of Sc otl a nd 1 9 6 7 a t 5 0 wh e r e i t wa s
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s t a t ed th a t : ‘ T h e re t ri bu ti v e t h eo ry f i nd s th e ju s ti fi c a ti on fo r
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p u ni s h me n t in a pa s t a c t , a wro n g wh i c h re qui re s p un i sh me n t
o r e x p ia ti o n .. .
Th e o t he r t h e o ri e s , re f o rma t i v e , p re ve n t at i ve
a n d d e te rre n t all fin d t hei r ju s ti fi c a ti on in t he f ut u re i n th e go od
t h a t wh a t p ro du c e a s a re su lt o f t he pu ni s h me n t ’.
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I n S v K hum a l o a nd O the rs 1 9 8 4 (3 ) S A 3 2 7 ( AD ) a t 3 3 0 E,
re f e rri ng
to
R
v
Sw a ne poe l
s upra
the
Co u rt
h el d
t ha t
de te rre nc e wa s t h e “e s s e nt ial ”, “a ll im po rt an t ”, “p a ra m ou n t ”
a n d “u ni ve rs a ll y a d mi t te d ” o bj e ct o f p u ni s hm en t .
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Th e Co u rt in
t h a t m at t e r fu rt h e r h el d th a t t he o th er p u rp o s e s o f p un is h m ent
a re a c c e s s o ry t o de t e rre n ce .
I n t hi s re g a rd it m ad e ref e re n ce
t o R v Ka rg 1 9 6 1 (1 ) S A 2 3 1 ( A) a t 2 3 6 A-B wh e re i t wa s h eld
t h a t wh i l e th e d ete rre n t e f fe c t o f p un i sh me n t ha s re ma in e d as
i mp o rta n t a s e ve r, t h e re t rib u ti ve e f f e c t , wh i l s t b y n o m e ans
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a b s en t f rom t h e mo d e rn a pp ro a ch to s e n te n ci ng , h a s te n de d to
yi e l d g rou nd t o a sp e c t s o f p re ve n ti on a n d c o rre c ti on .
I t wa s
h o we ve r p o i n t ed ou t in t he Ka rg d e ci si o n t h a t i f se n ten c e s f o r
s e ri ou s c ri me s a re t o o l eni e nt t h e adm ini s t ra ti on o f ju s ti c e m a y
f a ll i nt o di s rep u te a n d i nju re d pe rs on s ma y i n cl in e to t a k e th e
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l a w i n t o t he i r o wn h an d s . W hen de t e rmin in g an app ro p ria te
s e n t en c e t he re i s a s wa s p o i nt e d ou t i n S v Ra bi e supra a t
8 6 1 D , a d u t y o n th e p re si di ng ju di cia l of fi c e r t o ap p roa c h t he
d e t e rmi n a tio n wi t h a m in d se t of m e rc y o r c o m p a s sio n o r pl ain
h u ma ni t y.
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Th e a c c u s e d we r e c o n vi c t ed o f se ri ou s o f fe n c e s in c lu di n g ,
i n te r al ia , m u rde r i n re sp e c t o f wh i c h , in t hi s c a se , s e c t ion
5 1 (1 ), re ad wi t h Pa rt I (d ) o f Sc h e du le 2 o f th e Crimin al L a w
Am e n dm en t Ac t 1 05 o f 1 99 7 p re s c ri be s a mi ni m um s en te n c e of
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li f e im p ri s on me n t , g i ve n th a t t he o f f en c e wa s c o m mi tt ed i n the
e xe c u t io n o r f u rt hera n c e of a com mon p u rpo s e .
I n t e rm s of s e c tio n 5 1 (3 )(a ) , if a Co u rt i s s a ti s fie d t h at
s u b s t an ti al a nd co m pel lin g c i rcu m st a n c e s e xi s t wh i c h j u st if y
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the
i mp o s i ti o n
of
a
l e s se r
s e n te n c e
t ha n
th e
s e n t en c e
p re s c ri be d , i t s hal l e n t e r t ho s e ci rc um s t an c e s on t h e re c o rd of
the
p ro ce e din g s
s e n t en c e .
re l e va n t
must
th e reup o n
i mp o se
such
lesser
Fo r a Co u rt to c ome to t ha t co n cl u si on i t mu s t
c o n si d e r t h e
15
and
t ot ali t y o f
f a c t o rs
th e
t ra di ti o na ll y
e vi d en c e
t ak e n
to g et h e r
i n to
wi t h
a c c oun t
o th er
wh e n
s e n t en ci n g , t og e the r wi t h t he p ri n ci ple s s e t o u t a bo ve .
W itn e s se s we re c a ll ed in mi tig a ti on o f s e n te n ce o n be h al f of
t h e a c cu s e d , wi t h t h e e xc e p t i on o f ac c u s e d 3 a n d 6 .
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Ac c u s ed
1 c all e d No wa yi z e t i Mq a t h a ne , h i s s i s te r, a s a wi t n e s s to
t e s ti f y o n h i s b eh al f in mi ti ga ti on o f s e n te n c e.
t e s ti fi e d o n hi s own b e h al f .
Ac c u s e d 2
Ac c us e d 4 c all ed hi s b ro t h e r,
Te m b el a ni Bam b ala za a s a wi t n e s s t o t e st if y i n mi ti ga t io n of
s e n t en c e .
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a c c u s ed 5 .
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Ba b al wa Ma k a p h e l a wa s c a l le d a s a wi t n e s s f o r
Ac c u s e d 3 a nd 6 di d n ot t e s ti f y o r c all wi t n e s s es
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but
a rg um e nt
in
mi ti g at io n
wa s
g i ve n
by
t h eir
l e gal
re p re s e nt a ti ve s e x p a rt e .
Al l d e fe n ce c o u n se l re qu e s te d a n op p o rt uni t y t o a rra n g e f or
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p re -s e n te n ci n g rep o rt s a nd p ro ce ed in g s we re a d j ourn e d f o r
t h a t p u rp o se .
Ms C h a n te l Cl a rk e , (h e rei n af t e r re fe rre d t o as
‘ Ms
wh o
Cl a rk e ’ ) ,
is
a
Pro b a ti on
Of f i c e r,
p re p a re d
p re s e n te d re po rt s i n re s p e c t o f a c cu s e d 1 a nd 2 .
and
P ro b a tion
o f fi c e r ’ s re po rt s in re s p e ct of a c cu s e d 3 , 4 , 5 a nd 6 we re
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p re p a red
and
p re s e n te d
by
Ms
As t ri d
L e an d ra
Kl a a s s e,
(h e re in a ft e r re f e rre d to a s ‘ Ms Kl a a ss e ’ ).
Th e C o rre c t i o n al Su p e rvi s i o n rep o rt s i n re s p e ct o f a ll t he
a c c u s ed
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we re
p re p a red
an d
p re se n t ed
by
Ms
Se n t il e , (h e rein a f te r re f e rre d t o a s ‘ Ms Se n t il e ’ ).
N c e di s wa
Ms Cl a rk e
a n d Kla a se a s we l l a s Ms Se n t il e te s ti fi ed on t he i r rep o rt s .
THE OFFE NC ES
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De a li ng
wi t h
t he
o f fe n c e s .
Evi d en c e
i nd i ca t ed
tha t
th e
d e c ea s e d we re b r u t all y a s s a u l te d ove r a s u s t a i ne d pe ri od of
t im e i n c i rc um s ta nc e s wh i c h s h o we d a d e li be ra t e an d b ra ze n
d i s reg a rd , n o t onl y f o r t h e de c e as e d’ s in di vi d ua l ri gh t s of
li b e rt y, di gn it y a n d b o dil y s e c u rit y b u t al s o fo r t he rul e o f l a w.
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Th e vi c t im s we re t i ed e it h e r wi t h ro p e s a nd / o r wi re s a n d
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b ra ze n l y a s s a u lt ed wh i l s t in a h el pl e s s s t at e . On e o f t h e
b o di e s
wa s
found
wi t h
b u rn
wo u n d s .
Th e
p o s t -m o rt em
e xa m in a ti on b y Dr An t h o n y re ve a l e d th a t th e vi c tim s mus t h a ve
s u f f e red a g re at d e al .
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Ac c o rd in g t o Dr An t h o n y t h e h e ad
i nj u ri e s a nd ri b fra c t u re s we re i n di c a ti ve of a c o n sid e r a ble
a m ou n t o f fo rc e . Th e i n t e rnal c o nt us i on s o f th e l un g s a n d li ve r
wo u l d h a ve c a u sed a lo t o f p ai n . Th e d e ce a se d we re b l ee di ng
p ro f u s el y f ro m t h eir h e a d s a t t h e tim e t h e y we re a t a c c u s e d 1 ’s
p la c e an d se e n lea vi n g wi t h a b a k kie f o r t he l a s t t im e wi t h t he
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a c c u s ed .
Th e a rg u me n t p ref e rre d b y s o me o f t h e de f en c e co u n s e l th at
t h e d e ce a s ed we r e me rel y b ei n g t aug h t a l e s so n b e cau s e th e y
we re k n o wn t r o u bl em a ke rs in th e co mm un it y t h a t i s m a rre d
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wi t h c ri m i na l elem e nt s , c a nn o t be s u s t a in ed i n th e f a c e o f
e vi d e n ce s h o wi n g t h e g ru e som e n a ture o f t h e a s s au lt s . Th i s i s
c l ea rl y n o t a c a se o f t h e s o -ca lle d t h u g s b ei ng c h a s ti s ed b y
m em be rs o f t h e co mm un it y b y b e i ng gi ve n ‘ a hi di ng ’ o r a fe w
l a sh e s o r a b eat i ng an d bei n g
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‘l e t g o’
th e re af t e r,
wh i c h
b e ha vi o u r i s of c ou rs e al s o n o t c o ndo n ed .
Th e d e c e a s ed we r e a s s a ul te d b y t h e a c c u s e d re pe a te dl y , a n d
n o t b y a mo b o f co mm un it y m e mb e rs .
Co mm un it y m em b e rs i n
f a c t we re b y -s t a n d e rs wh o , a c c o rdin g to th e St a t e wi t n e s s e s ,
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we re c o n c e rn e d ab o u t th e a s sa ul t s a n d j u s t wa n t e d t he s t ol en
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TV t o b e f o u n d .
At s o m e p oi n t t hey p l e a d ed wi t h t h e a c c u s e d
c o n c e rne d to s t op b ea ti n g t h e d ec e a s ed , s a yi ng th a t th ei r
p a re n t s s ho ul d p ay f o r t h e TV. As th e b a k ki e wa s l eavi n g th e y
we re s h o u ti n g ‘p lea s e do no t kil l t hem . ’
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Th e re wa s e vi d e nc e t h a t a c o mmi t te e s t ru c t u re e xi s t e d in t he
c o mm un it y.
Ac c o rd i ng to th e wi t n es s e s , wh e n al le g at i on s of
t h e f t a re re p o rte d t o t h e m em be rs o f t h e c om mi tt e e th ey wo u l d
h ol d a m ee ti ng , in t e rro ga t e t he s us p e c t s a nd ‘ be a t’ t h e m i f
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t h e y we re n o t t e llin g t he t ru th .
p la c e c all ed Ezi n k u k wi n i .
Th i s a p p a re n tl y o c c u rre d a t a
Ho we ve r , t h e re i s n o e vide n c e o f
a n y c o m mi t te e me e ti ng t a ki n g plac e i n th e p re s ent m a t te r
wh e re t h e yo u ng m en we re i n t e rro g a te d b y t h e com mi tt e e
m em be rs a b ou t t he mi s s in g TV a n d a d e ci si o n b ei n g ta k e n t o
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b e a t t h em .
Ac c u s e d 2 m en ti on e d t ha t h e re p o rte d th e s t o len
TV t o t h e c o m mi tte e b u t th e re i s n o e vi d e n c e th a t t he vi c t i m s
we re t a k e n t o t h e c o mmi t t ee .
At a l l m a te ria l tim e s t h e c ri m es
we re p e rp e t ra t ed b y a c c u s e d 1 a n d h i s fam il y m em be rs ,
a c c u s ed 2 a nd 3 , wi t h t h e a s si s ta n ce o f t he o t he r a c cu s e d . The
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a c c u s ed a c te d o n u n te s t ed i n fo rm a ti on an d rum ou rs th a t the
d e c ea s e d we re t he c ul p ri t s wh o s t o le th e TV.
Eve n i f the
d e c ea s e d we re k n o wn t h u g s a n d t ro u bl em a ke rs wi t h in the
c o mm un it y, t h e y d id n ot de s e rve t o be me rc il e s sl y t o rt ure d and
k il le d i n s u ch a ma n ne r.
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I t i s so t ha t , a ft e r al l t h e o rd e al , the
TV wa s n e ve r f o u n d . I t i s s til l no t k n o wn wh e re t h e TV i s and
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i t wa s n o t c o n cl u si ve l y e s t a bli s he d th a t th e th re e yo un g men
we re t h e c ul p ri t s , ye t t h e y l o s t t he i r li ve s in t he p ro ce s s.
Th e a c c u s e d co n tin u ed t o a s s au lt th e m e ve n a ft e r the y we re
5
b le e di ng p ro f u se l y , a nd th e TV n o t f o u nd a n d d ro ve o f f wi t h
t h em , l ea vi n g t hem to di e in a s e cl ud e d a re a a t Ma c a s s a r Sa n d
Du n e s,
u n at t en d ed .
Th e
me di c al
e vi d e n ce
s ho we d
t h at
e xp o s u re an d b lo od lo s s c on t ri b ut e d t o th ei r de a th , wh i c h wa s
a s a re s ul t o f m ul tip le in ju rie s in re s pe c t o f Lu xo l o a n d Ma b h u ti
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a n d a he ad i nju ry a n d c o n s e qu e nc e s t h e reo f in res p e c t of
Ms h we l e .
ROL E S
PL AY ED
BY
E ACH
OF
THE
ACC US ED
IN
TH E
COM M I SSI O N OF THE CRI M E
15
Mr Co l e n s o f o r a cc u s e d 5 im pl o red t h e Co u rt t o c on s id e r t he
ro l e pl a ye d b y a c c u s e d 5 i n t he com mi s si on of th e of f e n ce s
and
th e
e xc u l p at o ry
p a rt s
of
hi s
s t at em e nt s .
W hil st
m ai n tai ni ng h i s pre s e n c e t h rou gh ou t t h e e ve n t s , i n s h o rt ,
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a c c u s ed 5 , in hi s s t a t em en t s , e xc u l pa t ed him s el f b y s a yi ng
t h a t h e a nd / o r an o t he r c omm u ni t y m em be r t rie d t o st o p t he
a s s a ul t s a nd a s ke d t h e vi c ti m s to t e ll t h e t ru th s o t h a t t h e
b e a tin g s co ul d s to p , a t so me poin t he wa s c o n f us e d an d
wa t c h i n g wh i l s t t he a s s a ul t s we re t a k in g pl a ce a nd he n e ve r
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p la ye d a n y ro le in t h e a s s a ul t s.
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c o m pil ed th e co rrec t i on al su p e rvi si o n re p o rt a c c u se d 5 to ld he r
t h a t :‘ h e
ad mi t s
g ui lt
to
t hi s
of fe n c e ,
he
a c c ep t s
t he
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re s p o n si bili t y f o r th e o f fe n c e an d he t a k e s re s p o n si bil ity f o r h i s
a c t io n s . ’
Th e a c c u s e d in f o rm e d he r t h at i f h i s pa re n ts we re
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s t ill ali ve h e wa s g oi n g t o a s k th em t o vi si t th e fam ilie s o f t h e
vi c t i m s a n d a p olog i se f o r wh a t h ap p en e d o n hi s be h al f . In
c ro s s -e xa m i na ti on
Ms
Se n t il e
f u rth e r e xp l ai n ed
t ha t
when
i n te rvi e wi n g a c c u se d 5 in p ri s on he to ld he r t h at :
‘He wa s i n v ol v e d i n th e c ri me a n d t h a t h e was
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t h e re
all
a s s a ul te d ,
th e
he
wa y .
He
di d
e ve ry t h in g ,
kid n ap p ed
a nd
the n
he
he
al s o
mu rd e re d t h e a c c us e d . ’
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Re f e re n ce t o ‘murd e r t h e a c c u se d ’ i s o b vi ou s l y a n e rro r, i t
s h o ul d b e d e ce a s ed . Se e p a ge 47 63 o f th e re co rd .
Ac c o rd i n g t o Ms K l aa s s e , wh o p re pare d t he p ro b at io n o f fi c e rs
re p o rt , a c c u s ed 5 h o we ve r d i d n o t t a k e a n y re s p o n sib ili t y f or
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t h e co mmi s si o n o f t h e o f f en c e s .
Mr Co l e n s o in s u pp o rt o f h i s s ub mi ss i on s t h a t t he a lleg e d rol e
p la ye d b y a c c u s ed 5 i n th e co mmi s sio n of t he o ff e n ce s s h o ul d
b e t a ke n in t o a c co u n t re fe rre d t o th e ju d gme n t of S v Ni ngi
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a nd An othe r 1 2 7 /9 9 2 00 0 Z AC S A 1 8 4 , (2 9 Se pte m ber 2 0 0 0 )
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wh e re t h e Cou rt sa id t he fo ll o wi n g at p a rag ra p h 9 :
“I t f oll o ws th a t fo r t h e pu rp o s e of s e nt e n ce it
mu s t b e a c c e p t ed t h a t t he a pp ell a nt s p a rt i ci pa t ed
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i n t h e a c ti vi ti e s of t he mo b o nl y a t a v e ry la te
s t a g e an d i nd e ed a f t e r t he re al d a ma g e ha d be en
d o ne .
Thi s li mi t ed d eg re e o f p a rti ci pa ti o n mu s t ,
f u rt h e rmo re , b e se e n i n th e c o nt ex t o f e v en t s
wh i c h p re ce d ed the a tt a c k o n d o rmi to ry 2 5 .
10
Th e
a t t a c k wa s in re tali a ti on f o r t h e e a rli e r at t a c k o n
d o rmi t o ry 1 1 .
To t h i s e x te n t th e re wa s c l e a rl y a
me a s u re o f p ro v o ca t io n . I n al l t he circ u ms t a n c e s
i t s e e ms t o me t h a t t h i s i s a n ap p ro pri a t e ca s e to
re f e r b a c k t o th e Re g io n al Ma g i s t ra te t o co n si de r
15
i mp o s i ng a s e nt en c e u nd e r s e c ti on 2 7 6 (1 )(h ) o f
Ac t 5 1 o f 1 97 7 . ”
Fi rs t l y,
th e
Ni ngi
d e ci si on
is
d i st i ng ui s ha bl e
in
th a t
the
a c c u s ed in t ha t c as e p a rti ci p at e d o nly a t a l a te s t a ge af t e r t he
20
re a l d ama g e ha d b e en do ne .
Se c on dl y, t h e e xc u l p a to ry p a rt s
i n t h e s t a te me n t s o f a c cu s e d 5 we re n o t rep ea t ed un de r o a th
a n d te s t ed in c ro ss -e xa m i na ti o n.
Sa m e a pp li e s t o a cc u s e d 6.
I n t hi s re g a rd s ee Li t a k o a nd Othe r s v S 2 0 1 4 (2 ) SA CR 4 3 1
(SCA ) a t p a ra g rap h s 6 5 a n d 6 6 .
25
Th i rd l y, wh a t t h e a c c u s ed
t o ld Ms Se n t il e wa s a l s o n o t re pe a t ed u nd e r o a th a n d i t
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11
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f u rt h e rm o re co n t rad i c t s t h e e xc u l p a to ry p a rt s o f hi s s ta t em e nt
a s we l l a s wh a t h e t ol d th e p ro ba ti o n o f fi c e r.
Mo re o ve r, i n t hi s in s t a n ce , e ve n t s co n ti nu e d f rom a c cu s e d 1’ s
5
p la c e an d t he b ri dg e wh e re wi t n e s se s o b s e rve d wh a t e a c h of
t h e a c c u se d we re d oi n g , t o wh e n a ll t h e a c c u s ed le f t wi t h t h e
t h re e de c e a se d on t h e b a k kie , inj u red a n d b le ed in g , wh i ch wa s
t h e la s t tim e t he y we re s e e n a li ve unt il th ei r b o di e s we r e f ou nd
i n Ma c a s s a r Sa n d D u n e s .
10
Th e Court m a de fi nd in g s ba s e d o n
d i re c t e vi de n c e and in f e re n ti al rea s on in g th a t all th e ac c u s e d
a c t e d to g et h e r wi t h c o mm on p u rpo se a n d a ct i vel y a s s o c ia t ed
t h em s el ve s in t he c o mmi s s io n o f th e o f f en c e s .
Ac c u s e d 1 , 2 , 3 an d 4 t h at t e st if ie d d e ni ed an y i n vo l ve m e nt in
15
t h e c om mi s si on of t h e o f fe n ce s .
Th ro u g h o u t th e ca s e t he
a c c u s ed d i st a n ced t h em s el ve s f ro m t h e co mmi s s ion o f t he
o f f en c e s a nd de ni ed an y i n vol ve me n t in th e killi n g o f t he
d e c ea s e d .
a n d f al se .
20
Th e Co u rt f ou n d t he i r ve rs i on s t o b e a f ab ri c a tion
Ac c u s e d 5 a nd 6 el ec t e d n o t t o te s ti fy.
No
t e s ti mo n y wa s p l a c e d o n re c o rd b y a n yo n e , in c lud in g the
a c c u s ed , sh o wi n g a n y ro le s th a t an y o f t he m pl a yed i n t he
c o mmi s s io n of t he c ri m e s a f te r t h e y l e ft t h e b ri d g e t o l o o k f o r
t h e TV a n d a ft e r th e ba k k ie l e ft f o r th e l a s t t im e f rom a c c u s ed
1 ’ s pl a c e wi t h all t h re e d e c ea s ed ble e di ng un ti l t he dis c o ve r y
25
o f t h ei r b o die s a t Ma c a s s a r Sa n d Du n e s . Th i s i s t h e ref o re not
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12
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a m a t te r t o im pu t e d e g re e s o f pa rt i cip a ti on o r ro l e s pl aye d b y
t h e i ndi vi d u al a c c us e d i n co mmi t ti ng t h e c ri me s .
THE CO NTE XT I N WHI CH TH E CRI M ES W ER E COM M I TTED
5
AN D THE I NT ER E ST OF T HE C OM M UNI TY
I t h a s b e en a rg ued t h at Kh a ye li t s h a re s i de n t s ta k e the la w i n
t h ei r o wn h a n d s be c a u se o f po li ce in e f fi ci en c y.
Ho we ve r, a s
f a r a s t hi s c a se i s c o n c e rne d no n e o f t h e a c cu s e d t e s ti fi ed t hat
10
t h e y a s s a u lt e d the d e c e a se d be c a us e o f p ol i ce n o t at t e nd ing
t o t h ei r c a ll s o r b ec a u s e p oli c e te n ded t o i gn o re o r t u rn a b li nd
e ye t o c ri min al c on d u c t. I n fa c t , a cc u s e d 1, 2 , 3 a nd 4 d en ied
a s s a ul ti ng th e vi c ti m s.
Ac c u s ed 5 an d 6 di d n ot te s ti fy.
I t is
c l ea r f ro m t h e e vi d e n ce t ha t f rom t he o u t se t th e rea s on f o r the
15
a s s a ul t s wa s t o g e t in f o rm a ti on an d to t ra c e t h e m i s sin g
t e le vi s io n .
I t i s al s o i mp o rta n t to no t e t ha t t he a s s aul t s t oo k
p la c e o nl y f o u r days a f t e r t h e t h ef t wa s re p o rte d t o th e p ol i ce .
Be t h a t a s i t m ay, L i nd el wa N o b an d a a nd Li th ul e Ma f e t h e
20
t e s ti fi e d th a t t he y c a ll ed t h e pol i ce wh e n t he o rd ea l wa s t a k ing
p la c e a t a c cu s ed 1 ’ s pl a c e o n t he da y i n qu e s tio n a nd p oli c e
n e ve r c a me .
Me m b e rs o f t h e So ut h Af ri c an Po li ce Se r vi c e s
wh o t e s t i fie d i n Co u rt c o ul d n o t c o n fi rm su c h re po rt s . Th e
Co u rt t a k e s in t o ac c o u n t t he f a c t t ha t t h e c rim e s in qu e s ti on
25
t o o k pl a ce in a c o n t e xt o f a Kh a ye l it s h a co mm uni t y t h a t
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e xp e ri e n ce s c ri mes o f t h ef t o n a regu la r b a si s . In thi s re g a rd ,
the
Co u rt
c o mmi s s io n
takes
n o te
re p o rt
of
the
fi nd in g s
p u bl i sh ed
in
2 0 14 ,
of
the
wh i c h
Kha ye l it s ha
f o un d
t h at
ve n g e a n ce k ill in g s o f vi g il an ti s m i s hi gh i n th a t c omm un i t y d ue
5
t o sl o w o r n o n -re s p on s i ve a ct io n o f t he pol i ce to c a ll s o r
c o m pla in t s m ad e b y c o m mu ni t y m em b e rs a n d p e rce i ve d po lice
i ne f fi ci e n c y , am ong o th e r re a so n s .
Vi g il an t e ca s e s have f e a t u re d m an y t im e s i n ou r Co u rts .
10
On e
o f t h e m o re re c e nt c a s e s i s t h at o f S v Di k qa cw i SS4 9 / 20 12
2 0 13 Z AWC HC 6 7 , (1 5 Ap ri l 2 0 1 3 ) wh e re Bi n n s -W ard , J
re f e rre d to ca s e l a w a n d li t e ra tu re t h at e xa m in e d vi gil a nt e
b e ha vi o u r , wh i c h li t e ra tu re su g ge s ts t h at vi gil an t e be h a vi ou r
re s u l t s p rima ril y f ro m l a c k o f co n fid en c e i n t h e c rim in al j u st i ce
15
s ys t e m , m ai nl y in u n de r-re s o u rc e d co mm un it ie s .
Re fere n c e i s
m a de t o t h e d e ci si on o f S v M a kw an ya ne a nd Ano th e r 1 9 9 5
(3 ) S A 3 9 1 a t pa ra [ 1 6 8] a j ud gm en t m a de i n th e b e gi nn in g s of
t h e co n s ti tu ti o nal d e mo c ra c y.
I n t ha t c a se th e Cou rt h el d a s
f o llo ws :
20
“ Me mb e rs
of
the
p ub li c
a re
un d e rs t an da bly
c o n c e rne d , of t en f ri g ht e ne d fo r t h ei r li f e a nd
s a f e t y i n a s o ci et y wh e re t h e i n ci d ent s o f v i ole n t
c ri me i s h ig h a nd t h e ra te of a p p re h en s io n a nd
25
c o n vi c ti o n o f p e rpe t ra t o rs l o w. Thi s i s a p re s si ng
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14
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p u bli c
c o n ce rn .
Ho we v e r
imp o rt a n t
it
u n do u b te dl y i s to e mp h a s i s e t he c o n s ti t ut io n al
i mp o rt a n c e o f i ndiv i du al rig h t s t he re i s a da n ge r
t h a t t he o th e r l eg o f t he c on s ti t ut i on al
5
c o mp a c t
ma y
d e s e rv e s .
I
not
e nj o y
ref e r
to
th e
t he
St ate
re c o gn it io n
fact
that
it
in
a
c o n s ti t ut io n al St a te in di vi du al s ag ree (i n p ri n ci pl e
a t l ea s t ) t o a b and o n t he i r rig h t s to s e l f -hel p in
t h e p ro t e c tio n o f t h ei r rig h t s o nl y b e c au s e t he
10
s t a t e in th e c o n st itu t io na l St a t e c o mp a c t a s su me s
t h e o bli ga ti o n to p ro t e c t t h e se ri gh t s. I f t h e St a t e
f a il s t o d i s ch a rge t h i s d u t y ad e qu a tel y , t he re i s a
d a ng e r t h a t i n di vi du al s mi g h t f e el j u s ti fi e d in
u s in g sel f -h el p t o p ro t e c t t he i r ri gh t s. Thi s i s no t
a f an c if ul po s s ibi li ty i n So u t h Af ri ca . ”
15
At p a ra g ra ph 4 Bi nn s -W ard , J ob s e rve d a s f oll o ws :
“I t i s e v id e nt t h a t th e c ri me s we re c o mmi t t e d i n a
20
p e c ul i a r s o cia l c on t e x t .
The c o mmi s si o n o f t he
c ri me s i s a ma n if e s t a tio n of a b ro a d p ro bl e m
a f f e c tin g a l a rge s e c t io n of So u t h Af ri c an s o c ie t y ,
n o t abl y t h o se li vin g in t h e wi ldl y imp o v e ri s h e d,
25
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d e n se l y
p op ul at e d
t o wn s hi p s
in
our
c i ti e s
an d
li k e
u n de r-re s o u rc ed
Kh ay e li t sh a
and
/...
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Ph i li ppi ,
t a k in g
t h at
o ve r
is
a nd
of
p e rs on s
c a rry i n g
and
ou t
c o mmu n i t ie s
the ms e l v e s
the
f u n c ti on s t ha t i n a p ro pe rl y fu n c tion in g s o cie t y
wo u ld
5
be
di s ch arg e d
by
t he
c rimi n a l
ju s t i ce
s y s t e m- t h e pol i ce a nd th e Co u rt s . On e i s ma d e
a wa re o f in s t an c es o f mo b j u s t i ce an d v ig ila n ti s m
a l mo s t d ail y t h rou g h th e me d ia .
a l th ou g h
its
e sta bl i sh me n t
is
Fu rt h e rmo re ,
a
ma t t e r
of
c o n t ro v e rs y a nd th e s u bj e c t of p e nd in g li ti ga ti on
10
it
is
wel l -k no wn
lo c all y
th a t
t he
p ro vi n cial
g o v e rn me n t h a s se e n fi t t o ap p oi n t a c o mmi s s i on
o f e nq ui ry h ea d ed b y a re ti re d Co n s ti t u ti onal
C o u rt j u dg e a nd a f o rme r N a t io n al Di re c to r of
Pu b li c
15
Pro s e c u t io n s
in t o
t he
causes
and
c o n s eq u en c e s o f th e a lle g ed s ho rt c omi n g s o f t he
c ri mi n a l j u s ti c e s ys t e m -
in pa rt i cula r p oli ci n g i n
- t h e Kh a y eli t s ha a re a of Ca p e To wn . Co un c il o n
both
s id e s
ma d e
p a s si ng
re f e re nc e s
e x i s te n ce o f th e c o mmi s s i o n .
20
to
t he
Th is , i f n o th ing
e l se , s up po rt s t he p ro fil e o f t he p ro bl e m a s a
s a li en t cu rre n t i s su e . ”
W hils t i t i s u nd e rs t o o d b y t h e Co urt t h a t a c c u s ed 1 l o s t hi s
p la s ma TV wh i c h h e m u s t ha ve va lu e d , wh i c h wa s all e ge dl y
25
s t o le n b y h a bi t ual o f f en d e rs , ve n g ean c e o f t he k in d c om mi tt ed
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b y t h e a c cu s e d c an n o t b e c o nd o ne d b y c i vi l so c ie t y.
Cri m e
l e ve l s
in
our
co u nt ry
a re
un a c c ep t abl y
hi g h.
Kh a ye l i t sh a , a s c an b e gl ea n ed f rom re p o rt s o f th e Pro b a tion
5
Of f i c e rs h a s t h e se c o nd h ig h e st m u rd e r ra t e i n t he c o un t ry wi t h
2 8 6 mu rd e rs rep o rt e d o ve r t h e pe riod o f 20 1 1 / 2 01 2 .
I t ha s
b e en re p o rt ed t ha t 2 0 vi g ila n te re la t ed d e a th s o cc u rre d i n
Kh a ye l i t sh a d u ri ng 2 0 1 2.
P ri s on
10
Re form
I n t h i s re g a rd s e e Ci vi l Soc i e t y
I ni ti a ti ve
Com m uni t y
La w
Ce ntre
Subm i s s i on for Pha s e 1 of Comm i s s i on of Enqui r y i nto
a l l e ga ti ons
of
Pol i c e
I ne ffi c ie nc y
in
Kha ye l i t s ha
at
pa ra gra ph 4 a n n e xe d t o t h e Pro b a t io n Of f i ce rs re p o rt f o r
a c c u s ed 1 .
15
Th e Co u rt mu s t ta k e i n to a c co u nt t h e p ub li c ’ s i n tere s t s in
s e ei n g t ha t c on vi c t e d c ri min al s a re a d eq u a tel y p u ni s he d and
s e e n to b e ad eq u at e l y p u ni sh e d fo r t h e c rim e s th e y c o m mi tt ed.
I n t hi s reg a rd s e e S v X 1 9 9 6 (2 ) S ACR 2 8 8 (W) a t 2 89c -d.
20
Th e a c c u s ed ha d no re g a rd fo r h uman l if e . Th e Co u rt n e ed s t o
s e n d a cl e a r m e s sa g e t h a t c rimi n al c o n du c t o f t hi s n at u re wi ll
n o t be t ol e ra t ed .
Se n t e n c e s m u st bo o s t th e c on fi d en ce o f th e
p u bli c in o u r Court s a n d t he c rimin al ju s ti c e s ys t e m .
Th i s
h o we ve r d o e s no t m e an th a t a c cu sed mu s t b e s a c rif i ce d i n the
25
n a me o f d e te rre nc e .
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App ro p ria t e s e n te n ce s m u s t f it the
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o f f en c e , t h e o f fe nd e r a nd th e i nt e res t o f t h e s o ci e t y.
Se e S v
SM M 20 1 3 (2 ) S ACR 2 9 2 (SC A) a t 3 0 3 a .
I n S v M hl a k a za a nd Anothe r 1 9 97 (1 ) S ACR 5 1 5 (SC A) a t
5
5 1 8 E-G t h e Co u rt h el d t ha t : “Th e o bj e c t of s e n te n ci ng i s n o t to
s a t i sf y pu bli c op in io n b u t t o se rv e t h e p ubl i c in t e res t s . ”
f u rt h e r h el d th a t:
f e a rle s sl y
an
It
“I t re ma i n s the Co u rt ’s d u t y t o i mp o s e
a pp ro p ria t e
a nd
f air
s e n t en c e
e ve n
if
the
s e n t en c e d o e s n ot s a ti s f y th e p u bli c .”
10
REM OR S E
Th e i s s ue o f rem o rs e wa s ra i s ed .
i mp o rta n t fa c t o r.
15
Remo rs e rem ai n s an
Re m o rs e o r la c k th e re o f m u st h o we ve r n o t
b e o ve re mp h a si sed in re la ti o n t o th e o t h e r fa c t o rs t ha t m u s t b e
c o n si d e red . Th e re a re m an y re a s o n s wh y re m o rs e ma y o r m a y
n o t be sho wn .
I t i s t ri t e th a t if t he a c c u se d s ho ws g e nu in e
re m o rs e p u ni s hm en t wi ll b e a c c omm o da ti ng , e s pe ci all y wh e n
t h e a c c u se d h a s ta k e n s t ep s t o t ra n s la t e hi s o r h e r re m o rse
20
i n to a c tio n .
Remo rs e i s a n i ndi ca ti on t ha t t he a c cus e d ha s
re a li s ed t ha t a wr o n g wa s d o n e a nd h a s to t h at e xt e n t be en
re h a bili t a te d . Se e S v B ra nd 1 9 9 8 (1 ) S AC R 2 9 6 (C) a t 3 0 4 a d.
Re m o rs e i s on l y a va l i d c on s ide ra t io n a t se n t en ce i f t he
c o n t rit io n i s si n c e re an d t h e a c c u se d t a k e s t he Cou rt fu ll y i nto
25
h i s o r h e r co n fi den c e .
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S e e S v M a t yi t yi 2 0 1 1 (1 ) SAC R 4 0
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I n t h e Co u rt’s vi e w , l a c k o f r e m o rse ,
(SC A) a t pa ra [1 3 ].
wh i l s t i t i s rele va n t , m u s t h o we ve r n o t b e a c c o rde d u n due
we i g h t .
5
Pre -s e n t e n ci n g rep o rt s co n fi rm t hat all th e a c c u se d e xc e p t
a c c u s ed 5 , a t t he s t a ge o f t h e d ra f t i n g o f th e repo rt s s t ill
p e rs i s te d
to
d e ny
any
i n vo l ve m en t
d e c ea s e d a nd sho we d n o re mo rse .
in
the
kil lin g
t he
Ac c u s e d 5 a d vis e d Ms
Se n t il e t ha t h e wa s re m o rs e fu l an d a dmi t t ed g uil t.
10
of
Th a t
h o we ve r wa s n o t re p e a te d un de r o a t h b y h im in Co u rt and
t e s t ed , a s i t ha s alre a d y b e en s ta t ed . I t rem ain s th e say -s o o f
t h e c o rre c ti on al o ff i c e r.
Ac c u s e d 5 re p o rt ed l y d id n o t a c c e pt
a n y re s p o n s ib ili t y wh e n i n t e rvi e we d b y t h e p ro b a ti on o f f i c e r.
Ac c u s e d
15
6
re p ort e d l y
s h o we d
e m o ti on
i n te rvi e we d b y t h e p ro ba ti o n o ff i ce r.
a nd
c ri ed
wh e n
I t i s h o we ve r c l e a r f rom
t h e re p o rt a nd f rom Ms Kl a a s s e ’ s e vi de n c e t ha t a c c u sed 6 wa s
n o t rem o rs ef ul a bo u t th e pl ig h t o f th e vi c tim s bu t wa s f e eli ng
s o rry f o r h i m s el f . He m ai nt ai n ed hi s d e ni al i n th e i n vo l ve m ent
o f t he ki dn a pp in g a n d t h e k illi n g o f th e de c e a se d .
20
I M P ACT ON TH E DEC E AS E D’ S F AM I LI ES
Ms
Kl a a s s e
re port e d
t ha t
m em be rs o f t he de c e a se d .
25
she
con s ul t ed
wi t h
the
f a mil y
Th e fam ili e s a re re po rt ed l y ve ry
h u rt a n d an g ry a b o u t lo s in g t hei r l o ve d o n e s. Th e y s t r u g gl e to
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d e al wi t h t h e l o s s .
Th e p ro b a ti on o ff i c e r ha s p romi s e d t o link
t h e fam ili e s wi t h a c o u n sel lin g ce n t re in Kh a ye li t sh a in o rd e r to
wo rk t h ro u g h t h eir b o t t le d up e mo tio n s o f o ve r t h e pa s t t wo
ye a rs .
5
PE RS ON AL CI RC UM ST ANC ES OF THE OFFE ND ER S
Th e
p e rs o n al
ci rc u m s ta n c e s
of
th e
a c cu s e d ,
as
per
t he
e vi d e n ce le d on be h al f of t he a c cu se d a nd a rgu me n t re l a ting
10
t h e re to a s we l l as i nf o rma ti on s e t o u t in th e p re s en t e n cing
re p o rt s we re t a k e n i nt o a c c o un t .
ACCU S ED 1
15
St a rt i n g wi t h a c cus e d 1, h e i s c u rren t l y 4 9 ye a rs old a n d wa s
4 7 ye a rs o l d a t t he t im e o f th e c omm is s i on o f t he o f fe n ce s . He
wa s b o rn in C o fimva b a in t he Ea s t e rn Ca pe . He i s t he s e c o nd
o f f o u r c hi ld re n and i s t h e ol de r b ro th e r o f a c c u s ed 2 . He g re w
u p i n a st a bl e f am il y.
20
Hi s fa t he r h a s pa s s e d a wa y a n d h is
m o th e r, wh o i s 8 0 ye a rs o l d , li ve s in t h e Ea s te rn Ca pe .
Th e
a c c u s ed h a s 5 c hil d ren wi t h t h e a g es o f 2 1 , 16 , 1 1, 7 a n d 6
ye a rs
old.
Th e
accused
wa s
d e s c ri be d
as
a
re s p o n si ble , ca ri ng f at h e r a nd th e p ill a r o f th e f ami ly.
l o vi ng,
He is
d i vo rc e d . He wa s a b rea d wi n n e r wh o fi n an ci all y s u p p ort e d his
25
m o th e r wh o i s ill , h i s ch ild re n an d h i s e xt e n d e d f am il y. Th e
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a c c u s ed a t t en d ed s c h o ol a t Nq u qhu Pri m a ry Sc h o o l i n t he
Ea s t e rn Ca p e u nt il g ra de 8 .
Formatted: Font color: Auto
He l e ft s c h o ol d ue t o fin a n cial
c o n s t rai n t s t o l o o k a f t e r hi s f at h e r’ s c a t tl e . He m o ve d t o Ca pe
To wn i n 1 9 8 0 t o se e k e mpl o ym e nt .
5
He t h e n we n t t o G a u t eng
a n d wo rk e d i n a m in e f o r th re e yea rs . Th e re a f t e r h e m o ved
back
to
Ca pe
To wn
and
wo rk e d
for
the
Arg u s
s e ll ing
n e ws p a p e rs a n d G o ld e n Arro w a s a d ri ve r f o r 9 ye a rs .
At t h e
t im e o f h i s a rre s t h e o wn e d t wo t a xi s , o n e o f wh i c h wa s d ri ve n
b y h i s b ro th e r, a cc u s e d 2 .
10
On e o f t h e ta xi s h a s si nc e be en
re p o s s e s se d d ue t o hi s i n ca rc e rat i on .
He wa s f in a n ci all y
s t a bl e a nd o wn e d a Vo da c om co n ta in e r.
He a t t en de d Zion
c h u rc h an d wa s s t u d yi ng t o b e a t ra di ti o nal he al er.
a c c u s ed
li ve d
in
a
one
b ed ro om
shack
s it u at e d
n e xt
Th e
to
a c c u s ed 2’ s h ou s e. Th e a c c u s e d has n o p re vi ou s c o nvi c t i on s .
15
He wa s a r re s t e d o n 1 5 Ma rc h 2 0 1 2 a n d h a s be e n i n c u s t o d y
s i n ce t he n .
ACCU S ED 2
20
Ac c u s e d 2 i s a 4 1 ye a r o l d m a n , m a rri ed t o a c cu s e d 3 . He wa s
3 8 a t th e ti me o f t h e c om mi s si on o f t h e c ri me .
c h il d ren .
He wa s b o rn in Co fim va b a i n th e Ea s t e rn Cap e a nd
i s t he t hi rd o f fo ur c h il d ren .
He i s a c c u s ed 1’ s b roth e r.
s h a re s a c lo s e bon d wi t h hi s b ro t her.
25
He h a s no
He
He a t t e n de d sc h o ol a t
Nq u q hu Pri ma ry S c h o ol i n t he Ea s t ern Ca p e . He l ef t sc h o ol in
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/...
Formatted: Font color: Auto
21
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g ra d e 7 du e to f in a n ci al c on s t rai n ts a s h i s mo t he r wa s t h e
b re a d wi n n e r wi t h hi s b ro th e r c on t rib ut i ng . He al so t o o k c a re of
h i s p a ren t s ca t tl e wh e n he l e ft s ch o ol .
W hen h e m o ve d to
Ca p e To wn h e wo rk e d a s a til e r in Ho u t Ba y.
5
He c o m me n ce d
wo rk i n g a s a t a xi d ri ve r f o r hi s b ro the r d u ri ng 20 0 3 / 20 0 4 . He
wa s t h e onl y b re ad wi n n e r a s hi s wi f e wa s n o t em pl o ye d .
a l so s up p o rte d hi s mo t h e r a nd e xt e n d e d f ami l y.
a t t en d ed Zio n c hurc h .
no
p re vi ou s
Th e ac c u s e d
He wa s d e s c ri b ed a s a q ui e t ma n wh o
i s al wa ys wi l l in g to h elp i n th e co mm u ni t y.
10
He
c o nvi c t i on s .
He
wa s
Th e a c cus e d ha s
out
on
b ail
u n til
hi s
c o n vi c ti o n o n 1 9 No ve m b e r 20 14 .
ACCU S ED 3
15
Ac c u s e d 3 i s a 3 5 ye a r o l d wo m a n s oo n to t u rn 3 6 o n 26 Ma rc h
2 0 15 .
Sh e wa s a ls o b o rn i n C of im va b a i n th e Ea s t e rn Ca p e.
Sh e wa s 3 2 ye a r s o l d a t t he t im e o f t h e c o mmi s si on o f t he
20
o f f en c e .
Sh e i s m a rrie d to a c cus e d 2 a n d t he y h a ve n o
c h il d ren .
Sh e i s t h e l a st bo rn o f t h re e ch ild re n .
Sh e wa s
ra i s ed b y h e r m ot h e r , wh o i s n o w d e c ea s e d , a s h er f a t h er
p a s s ed a wa y wh e n s h e wa s 2 m o nt h s o ld .
He r o n e s i bl in g
p a s s ed a wa y a n d t h e wh e re a b o u t s of t h e su rvi vi n g b ro t h e r i s
u n k no wn .
Th e
a c c u s ed
h ad
a
g o od
u pb rin gi ng .
Sh e
c o m ple t ed g ra d e 10 a t No n k q ub el a Hi g h Sc h o ol in L ad y Fr e re
25
i n t he Ea s t e rn Ca pe . Sh e i s u n e mp loye d a n d d e p en de d o n h e r
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/...
22
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h u s ba n d , a c c u s ed 2 , f o r f in a n cia l su p po rt .
Sh e d e pen d ed o n
h e r h u sb a nd’ s f am il y f o r em o tio n al s up p o rt a s s he h a d no
i mme di a te f amil y m em be rs .
her
5
b ro t he r -i n -l aw
we re
Th e ac c u s e d , h e r hu s ba n d a n d
re p o rt e d l y
re g a rd e d
re s p e c t abl e pe op le in t he c omm u nit y.
as
ve r y
Th e a c c u s e d h a s no
p re vi o u s c o n vi c tion s . Sh e wa s a rre s t e d o n 15 Ma rc h 2 0 1 2 an d
h a s be e n in c u st o dy s i n c e th e n.
ACCU S ED 4
10
Ac c u s e d 4 i s 4 1 ye a rs o l d a nd wa s 3 8 a t t h e ti me o f th e
c o mmi s s io n of t h e o f f e n ce .
He wa s b o rn in C o fi m va ba i n the
Ea s t e rn Ca pe and i s t he th i rd o f s i x c h i ld re n b o rn o f hi s
d e c ea s e d p a ren t s .
15
He wa s b ro u g h t u p i n a s ta bl e f amil y wi t h
s t ro n g Ch ri s ti a n va lu e s .
He c om ple t e d g ra d e 1 2 at Bl a wo o d
I n s ti t u tio n i n N qam a k we i n t h e Ea st e rn Ca pe .
He mo ve d t o
Ca p e To wn i n 1 99 6 a nd c om pl e te d t wo Ca rp e n t ry c o u rs e s a t
Th o rn t o n a n d No rth li n k Coll e ge .
He i s m a rrie d a nd h a s t wo
c h il d ren wi t h hi s wi f e , a g e d 2 2 a nd 2 7 an d t wo o t h e rs wi t h
20
d i ff e re nt wo m e n wi t h a g e s 3 a n d 7 .
He o wn e d a h o u se in
Kh a ye l i t sh a wh i c h i s cu rre n tl y o c cup ie d b y h i s si s te r a n d h e r
d a ug h t e r
wh o
is
m en t all y
c h a ll en g ed .
He
be c am e
se lf -
e m plo ye d i n 20 08 a n d o wn e d a n e n t it y c a l le d Ba m b ala za
Co n s t ru cti on Co mp a n y , a f t e r a c omp a n y h e h a d be en wo rk i n g
25
f o r , f o r a p e rio d of t h re e ye a rs c o l la p s ed .
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Hi s b u si ne s s wa s
/...
23
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re p o rt ed l y s u c c e s sf u l an d h e ma in t ain e d hi m sel f a n d his f am il y
f i na n ci all y.
He e m plo ye d 2 0 pe op le in hi s c om p an y a n d
s u b c on t ra c t o rs .
5
He
wa s
in vo l ve d
re p o rte dl y
in
i s s ues
ve r y
a c t i ve
c o n c e rni ng
in
t he
c o mm un it y
and
c om mu ni t y
u pl if t me n t.
He wa s a m em be r o f a st re e t co mmi t te e an d wa rd
d e ve l op me n t fo rum in 2 0 10 / 2 0 11 a n d on c e h elp e d th e p oli ce
l o ca t e a pe rp et rat o r o f a c rim e in 2 0 09 in vo l vi n g m i s si ng
c h il d ren
wh o
we r e
la t e r
fo u nd
dea d .
Th e
a c cu s ed
d e s c rib e d a s a pill a r o f s t re n gt h by h i s f a m il y.
10
wa s
He h a s n o
p re vi o u s co n vi c ti on s a nd ha s be e n in c u s to d y s i n ce 15 Ma rc h
2 0 12 .
ACCU S ED 5
15
Ac c u s e d 5 i s a 3 9 ye a r o l d ma n a n d wa s 3 6 a t t h e time o f the
c o mmi s s io n of t h e c ri me s . He wa s b o rn i n Ali ce in t h e Ea s t e rn
Ca p e .
He i s t he t hi rd c hil d o f th e s i x c h i ld re n fro m his
d e c ea s e d pa re n t s. He re p o rt e d l y c o m e s f rom a c l o se -k n i t an d
s t a bl e f am il y.
20
He c o mp le t ed g rad e 1 2 i n 1 99 6 a t Siya b o n ga
Se c o n d a ry Sc h o o l . He d i d n o t c on ti nu e wi t h t e rti a ry e du c a ti on
a s he ha d t o l o ok a f te r hi s sib lin gs f in an c ial l y.
Hi s f ami l y
m ai nl y re s i de d i n Fi s h Hoe k . He m ove d t o Ca p e To wn i n 1 9 97 .
He s t a rt ed wo rk i ng a s a ti c k e t co n t ro ll e r fo r Me t ro ra il a n d h a s
b e en o n a nd o f f e m plo ym e n t a t vari o u s pl a ce s .
25
He b e c a me
s e l f -emp lo ye d i n 2 0 10 b u yi n g a n d s e ll in g cl o th in g .
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He i s
/...
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u n ma rri ed an d has t wo c h i ld re n ag es 1 7 a nd 7 .
Th e a c c u s ed
s u p po rt e d hi s c hil d ren a nd f am il y f i na n ci all y.
He h a d an
i n te re s t in s p o rt a n d c oa c h ed a n u n de r 2 0 wo m e n’s ru g b y
t e am . He l o ve d reg g ae m u si c b ut d i d n o t p ra c ti c e Ra st a f a ri an
5
re li gi on de s pi t e be in g ca lle d Ra s t a.
Th e a c c u s ed h a s no
p re vi o u s c on vi c ti on s a nd h a s b ee n in c u s t od y s i n c e 29 Au g u s t
2 0 12 .
ACCU S ED 6
10
Ac c u s e d 6 i s 2 7 ye a rs ol d an d wa s 2 4 ye a rs o ld a t the t im e o f
t h e c ommi s s io n of t h e of f en c e s .
He wa s b o rn in Cap e To wn
a n d i s t he fi rs t o f t h re e c hil d ren b orn o f hi s p a re nt s wh o a re
s t ill b o th al i ve .
15
Hi s u pb ri ngi n g wa s re p o rt ed l y g o od .
p a s s ed g rad e 8 a t E za n g we n i Hi g h Sc h o o l in Kh a ye li ts h a .
He
He
li ve d wi t h hi s pa ren t s i n hi s o wn s ha c k si t ua t ed i n t he i r ya rd .
He
t e m po ra ril y
a s s i s t ed
his
fa t her
wi t h
b ri c k -l a yi ng
and
t h e re af t e r op e ne d h i s o wn s h e b e en in 2 0 10 . He s up p ort e d his
c h il d ren
20
fi na n ci all y
wh e n
he
d e pe n de d o n h im f in a n ci all y.
c oul d
and
hi s
fa mil y
a l so
He is u nm a rrie d a n d h a s t wo
c h il d ren wi t h t he ag e s o f 4 an d 5 yea rs ol d . Th e a c c us e d h a s
n o p re vi o u s c on vic t i on s .
He wa s o n b ail i n rel at io n t o t h i s
c a s e un til hi s c on vi c ti on on 1 9 No ve m b e r 2 01 4 .
25
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SUB ST ANTI AL AN D COM P ELLI N G C I RCUM ST ANC E S
I n th e sem in al ca se o f S v M a l ga s 20 0 1 (1 ) S AC R 4 6 9 (SC A)
a t p ag e 4 81 G-4 8 2F t h e Su p rem e Co u rt o f Ap p e al l aid d o wn
5
c e rt a in
gui d eli nes
that
t he
Co u rt
s h ou ld
c on s id er
wh e n
d e ci di n g wh e t h e r su b s t an ti al a n d c omp el li ng ci rc um s t anc e s a re
p re s e n t wh i c h j u st if y t h e im po si ti o n of a l e s se r s e n te n ce .
Th e Co u rt , a f te r ha vi n g c on si d e red th e t ot ali t y o f t he evi d e n c e,
10
comes
to
t he
s u b s t an ti al
co n cl u si o n
t h at
c i rcum s t an c e s
t he re
j u s ti f yin g
a re
c om pe llin g
d e via ti o n
a nd
f ro m
th e
p re s c ri be d m in imum s e n te n ce o f li fe i mp ri s onm e n t i n re s p e c t
o f t he mu rd e r c harg e s a nd t he i mp os i ti on o f l e s se r s en t e n ce s
t h a n th e m ini mu m s e n t en c e s p re s c ri be d i n t he Cri min al L a w
15
Am e n dm en t
Ac t .
c i rc um s t an c e s
of
It
a ll
can
t he
be
seen
a c cu s e d
f rom
t h at
all
the
of
p e rs o nal
th em
we re
p ro d u c ti ve a nd / o r re s p e c t ed me mb e rs o f t he s o ci e ty. Th e y
c o n t rib u te d t o th e we l l -b ein g o f th eir f a mili e s a n d t he s o c ie t y
a n d a ft e r t h ei r c on vi c t io n in t hi s c as e h a d ne ve r b e e n o n t he
20
wro n g s i d e o f t he la w.
wh i c h
these
c rim e s
Fu rt h e rmo re , th e so c ia l co n t e xt i n
we re
c o m mi t te d ,
n ame l y ,
t ha t
of
a
c o mm un it y b e s e t wi t h c ri m e re s ul tin g in a hi gh in c id e n ce o f
vi g il a nt i sm i s al s o re le va n t a s th e Co u rt ha s a l rea d y f o und.
Th e f a c t t h at a c cu s e d 1’ s tel e vi s ion wa s s t o l en b y t h e s o 25
c a ll ed
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‘t ro u ble mak e rs ’
is
a
re le va n t
f a ct o r
wh i l st
not
an
/...
26
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e xc u s e .
Th e s t o l en TV s p u rre d a c c u s e d 1 an d t he o t h er
a c c u s ed t o ta k e ac t i on ag ai n s t th o se s u s pe c t e d t o have b e en
c u lp ri t s .
Th e re i s n o e vi d e n ce t h a t m u rd e r wa s p re m e di t a ted
o r p l an ne d a s t he St a t e s u bm it t e d.
5
Pre m e d it a ti on t o m u rde r
wa s i n a n y e ve n t n o t a n all eg a ti on in t h e c h a rge s h e et .
Th e
a c c u s ed s o u gh t t o f i n d a TV f ro m t he o u t s et b u t th e n c a rri ed
o n a s s aul ti n g th e yo u n g m en f o r a p ro lo ng e d p e ri od t o t he
p oi n t o f th ei r d e at h , a nd f u rt he rm ore l e f t th em t o di e i n a
s e c lu d ed a re a wi t h n o h el p an d wh e r e n o o ne c o uld e as il y f i nd
10
t h em .
Th e a c cu se d we re a ll fo u nd g uil t y o f m u rde r o n t he
b a si s o f d ol u s e v en t u ali s h a vi n g a c ted wi t h c omm o n p u rp o s e .
PE RI OD I N CU S TOD Y AW AI TI N G FI N ALI S ATI ON OF TH E
TRI AL
15
Th e Co u rt a l so t ak e s i nt o a c co u nt t h a t a c cu s ed 1 , 3 a n d 4
we re i n d e te n ti on a wa i t in g fi nal i sa t i on o f t he t ri al f o r al mo s t 3
ye a rs a n d a c c u se d 5 f o r m o re t h an 2 ye a rs . I n t h e de ci si o n o f
Di re c tor of P ubl i c P ros e c uti ons North Ga ute ng P re tori a v
20
Gew a la a nd Othe rs 2 0 1 4 (2 ) S AC R 3 3 7 (SC A) a t p a ra 1 6 t he
Co u rt ap p ro vi ng o f th e f in di ng s ma d e in S v R a de b e a nd
Ano the r 2 0 1 3 (2 ) S ACR 1 6 5 (SC A) a t pa ra s 13 a nd 1 4 , held
t h a t t he re s ho ul d b e n o rul e o f th u mb i n re s pe c t o f t he
c a l cu la ti o n of t h e we i g h t t o b e gi ve n t o t he p e ri o d s p e n t in
25
d e t en ti o n a wa i t i ng t ri al . Th e Co u rt he ld t ha t :
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“A me c h a n i c al f o rmu l a t o d e t e rmi n e t h e e x t en t t o
wh i c h th e p rop o s ed s e n t en c e s ho ul d b e re d u c ed ,
b y re a so n o f t he p e ri o d of de t en ti on p ri o r t o
c o n vi c ti o n , i s u nh el p ful . Th e c i rc u ms t a n c e s of an
5
i nd i vi du al a c cu s ed mu s t b e a s s e ss e d i n ea ch
case
in
d e te rmi n i ng
t he
e xt e nt
to
whi c h
s e n t en c e p ro p o sed s h ou ld be re du ce d .
the
It s ho ul d
b e n o t ed th a t t hi s Co u rt l e f t op e n t he qu e s ti on of
h o w t o ap p ro a ch th e ma t t e r i n S v Dl a mi ni 2 01 2
(2 ) SACR 1 ( SC A) p a ra g rap h 4 1 . ”
10
I t wa s h e l d th a t a b e t te r a p p roac h i s t ha t t he pe ri od in
d e t en ti o n , p re -s ent e n ci ng i s b u t o ne o f t he f a ct o rs t hat s h o uld
b e ta k e n i n to a cc o u n t in d e te rmi ni ng wh e t h e r t h e e f f e c ti ve
15
p e rio d o f i mp ri son m en t s h oul d b e i mp o se d a s ju s ti fie d , i. e .
wh e t h e r it i s p ro p ort i o na t e t o t he crim e com mi t te d . The t e st i s
n o t wh e t h e r o n i t s o wn t h a t p e r i od o f d e te n ti on c o n s ti t ut e s a
s u b s t an ti al
or
c o m pel lin g
c i rc ums t a n c e
bu t
wh e t h e r
t he
e f f e c ti ve s e n te n ce p ro po s e s p ropo rt i on a te t o th e c ri me o r
20
c ri me s
c ommi t t ed
a nd
wh e t h e r
th e
se n te n c e
in
al l
t he
c i rc um s t an c e s , i n cl ud in g t he p e ri o d s p e n t i n de t en ti o n p ri o r to
c o n vi c ti o n a nd s en t e n cin g , i s a j u s t o n e.
Ult im at el y , t h e t rial
Co u rt s h ou ld de t erm in e wh e t h e r, in vi e w o f a ll t he f a c t o rs ,
s u b s t an ti al an d co m pel lin g ci rc u m st a n c e s e xi s t e d , ju s t if yi ng
25
i mp o si ti on o f a se n t en c e le s s e r tha n th a t p re s c ri b ed b y t he
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L e gi sl a to r.
Th e nu m be r o f ye a rs s pe n t i n cu s t od y p rio r t o t he
t ri al b y a c c u s e d 1 , 3 , 4 a n d 5 i s t a k en i n to a c c ou n t a s a f a c t or
a m on g s t
s e n t en c e .
5
ot h e rs ,
wa rra n t i n g
d e via tio n
f ro m
th e
p res c ri b ed
Th e Co u rt i s al so min d fu l o f t h e f e w m o nt h s t ha t
a c c u s ed 2 a n d 6 ha ve s p e n t in p ri s on s in c e t h ei r c on vic t i on .
AP P R OP RI ATE S ENT ENC E
Al l de f en c e c ou n se l su bm it t ed t ha t th e ap p ro p ri a te s ent e n c e in
10
t h e ci rc u m st a n ce s wo u l d b e co rre c tio n al s up e rvi s io n in t e rm s
o f s e c tio n 2 7 6 (1 )(i ) o f t h e Crim ina l Pro c ed u re Ac t , wh i c h
p ro vi d e s fo r im p ri so n me n t f rom wh i c h s u c h a c on vi c t ed p e rs on
m a y b e p la c ed und e r c o rre c ti on al su p e rvi s io n in t he di s c re ti on
o f t he Comm i s si one r o r t he Pa ro le Bo a rd .
15
Co rre c t i on al s up e rvi s i o n m u st b e u se d i n ap p rop ri at e c a s e s .
I n S v Be rg h 2 0 0 6 (2 ) S ACR 2 2 5 (N) a t 2 3 5 e , t he Co u rt
o b s e rve d t h at t he l e gi sl at u re ha s , b y i n t ro du c in g c o rre c t i on al
s u p e rvi s io n a s a se n t en ci n g o p ti on , d i s tin g ui s he d b e t we e n t wo
20
t yp e s o f o ff e nd e rs, n am el y , t h o se wh o ou g ht t o b e rem o ved
f ro m s o ci e t y b y m e an s o f im p ri so n me n t , a n d th os e
wh o ,
a l th ou g h d e se rvi ng o f pu ni s hm en t , sh o ul d n ot be rem ove d f rom
s o c ie t y.
25
Pro b a t io n o f fi c e rs ’ re p o rt s t h a t we re re q u e s t ed b y t h e d e f en c e
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29
SE N TE NC E
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i n re sp e c t o f all t h e a c cu s e d di d n o t c on s id e r c o rre c t io na l
s u p e rvi s io n a nd / o r s u s pe n de d s e n te n c e s t o b e a pp rop ri a te in
the
c i rc um s ta n ces ,
o f f en c e s ,
5
t he
c o n s id e ri n g
fa c t
th a t
t he
th e
s e rio u s ne s s
ac c u s e d
di d
of
not
t he
a c c ept
re s p o n si bili t y f o r t h e a c ti o n s, t h e imp a c t t h e de a th o f th e t h ree
d e c ea s e d ha d on t h ei r f a mili e s a nd t h e p romi ne n c e o f t he
c ri me s
in
Kh a ye li t sh a
a re a .
Th e
p ro b a ti on s
o f fi c e rs
re c o mm en d ed di rec t im p ri s o nm en t as a n ap p ro p ri a te se n t en c e.
De f e n ce
10
c o un s el
c o n t en d ed
t ha t
lack
of
re mo rs e
a nd
s e ri ou s n e s s o f t he c a s e we re o ve re mp h a si s ed b y t he p ro b a tio n
o f fi c e rs . Th e Cou rt d ea l s wi t h i t s vi ew o n t h i s a s p e c t l at e r.
Co rre c t i on al s u pervi s i o n re po rt s re c o mm en d ed t h at a ll the
a c c u s ed wi t h t h e e xc e p t i o n o f a cc u s e d 5 a re n o t s ui t able
15
c a n di da t e s
for
pl a ce me n t
on
a
s e n t en c e
of
co rre c t io nal
s u p e rvi s io n in t erm s o f s e ct io n 27 6 (1 )(h ) o f t he Cri mi nal
Pro c e d u re Ac t h a vi ng re g a rd to t he f a c t t ha t t he a c c us e d did
n o t s h o w a n y re m o rs e f o r t h ei r a ct io n s .
W hen c h all en g ed on
t h e q ue s ti o n of re m o rs e u nd e r c ro ss -e xa m i na ti o n , Ms Se n t i le
20
t e s ti fi e d t ha t rem ors e wa s a n im p o rta n t co n si de ra ti o n b e c au se
t h e re wo u l d be n o pu rp o s e o f im pl em en ti n g re h ab ili t at ion
p ro g ram s i f a p e rso n cl aim s t o h a ve d o ne n ot hi ng wro n g .
Th e Co u rt ha s c on s id e re d t he p re -se n t en ci n g re p o rt s a n d t he
25
e vi d e n ce in rel a ti on t h e ret o an d i s of t h e vi e w t h a t t h e re we re
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n o g ro un d s f o r q ue s t io ni ng t h e qu ali t y a n d / o r va l u e o f t he
e xp e rt s ’
op ini o n s.
Th e i r
o pi ni on s
m o ti va t e d a n d c om p reh e n si ve .
h a ve
b ee n
p ro p e rl y
W h il s t t he Co u rt ret a in s i ts
d i s c re tio n o n th e a p p ro p ri a te s e n te n c e , th e i n fo rm at i on and
5
re c o mm en d at io n s c o n t ain e d i n t ho se re p o rt s h a ve b ee n q ui t e
va l u a b l e.
De f e n ce c o u n sel a l so re f e rre d to th e d e ci si on o f Dik qacw i
and,
10
m o st
i mp ort a n tl y ,
to
t he
effect
t ha t
c orre c t i on al
s u p e rvi s io n an d no n -c u s t odi al s e n ten c e s we re i m po s ed i n th at
d e ci s io n . Th e y h owe ve r l o s e sig h t of t h e f a ct t ha t in th a t ca s e
m ini mu m
se n te n ce
le gi sl a ti on
a p po s it e
to
to
re f er
a
wa s
not
pa s s a ge
in
ap pli c ab le .
Dik qa cw i
It
is
ju d gm en t
c o n fi rmi ng t hi s f a ct . Th e Co u rt h el d a s f oll o ws i n p a ragra p h 7:
15
“No w i n Sc h ri ch th e ph en o me n o n of v ig ila n ti s m
wa s
d e al t
wi t h
in
a
s e nt e n ci ng
context
Formatted: Font color: Auto
in
c o n ne c ti o n wi th th e i n te re s t o f t he c o mmu n i ty
c o mp o n e n t o f t he Zi n n t ria d .
20
that
th e
p h en o me n o n
It was re c o g ni s ed
is
fu n da me n t a lly
i n co mp a t i ble wi th t h e s o rt o f so c ie t y t h at t he
v a lu e s of t he c o ns t i tu ti o n se e k to e s t a bli s h a nd
t h u s ca n no t b e c on d on e d a nd t ole rat e d .
I n t he
re s u l t it wa s co n sid e re d t h at s e ve re p u ni s h me n t s
25
we re i n di ca t ed f o r o f f e n ce s c o mmi t t e d a s p a rt of
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31
SE N TE NC E
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v i gil a nt i s m. The re c a n b e n o q ua rre l wi t h t ha t , in
p ri n ci ple .
Th e sa me a p p ro a c h , a s a ma t t e r o f
p ri n ci ple , ha d i nde e d a l re a d y b ee n a d op t ed i n
b o t h t h e ma j o rit y a n d mi no ri t y ju d gme n t s o f t he
5
Su p re me Co u rt o f Ap p e a l in S v The bus a nd
Anothe r 2 0 0 2 (2 ) SAC R 5 6 6 (SCA ) .
Th e l at t er
c a s e wa s o n e in wh i c h t he p re s c rib e d mi ni mu m
s e n t en c e s re gi me in te rms o f t h e Cri m i na l La w
Am e ndm e nt Ac t 10 5 of 1 99 7 a p pli ed .
10
li k e
t he
c u rre n t
ma t t e r,
wh e re
a
I n a c a se
p re s c ri bed
s e n t en ci n g re gi me d o e s n ot ap pl y , th e ap p roa c h
s t ill
be g s
th e
p u ni s h me n t .
qu e s ti on
wh at
f o rm
of
s e v e re
Formatted: Font color: Auto
I t is b y n o me a n s ax i o ma t i c t ha t
l en g th y t e rms o f d i re c t i mp ri s o n me n t a f fo rd t he
o nl y ap p ro p ri a te re s p on s e . ”
15
I n Di k qa cw i , u nlik e i n th i s c a se , th e p re s c rib ed s en t e n cin g
re g im e did n o t app l y. Fu rt h e rmo re , t h e o ff e n ce s c o mm it t ed b y
t h e a c c u se d in t he Di k qa cw i c a se we re l e s s s e ri o u s t h a n in
20
t h e p re s e nt m a t te r.
Th e Co u rt i s o f t he vi e w t h a t i n lig ht o f t h e s e ri ou s n es s o f t he
o f f en c e s
a nd
l eg i sl at io n ,
25
the
p ro vi si on s
co rrec t i on al
a p p rop ri at e se n ten c e .
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of
the
s up e rvi s io n
Mi n i mu m
wo u l d
Se n t e n c e s
not
be
an
Th e fa c t tha t a c cu s e d 5 wa s d e em ed
/...
32
SE N TE NC E
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s u i ta bl e to be pl a ce d on a c o rre c ti ona l su p e rvi si o n se nt e n c e in
t e rm s o f s e c ti on 27 6 (1 )(h ) o f t h e Cri mi na l Pro c e du re Ac t b y
Ms Se n t i le d o e s n o t n e ce s s a ri l y me a n t ha t s u c h s ent e n c e i s
t h e a p p rop ria t e o ne in th e ci rc um s t an c e s .
5
A m e s s a g e mu s t b e s e n t ou t t h at t h o s e wh o a re i n t e n t on
b ri ng in g th ei r o wn b ra n d o f j u s ti c e t o b ea r o n co mmu ni ti e s ,
wi t h o u t re g a rd f o r t h e li ve s o f ot h e rs , o f th e la w a n d of o rd e r ,
wi l l f a c e th e ful l f o rc e o f t h e la w.
10
Se e S v The bus a nd
Ano the r 2 0 0 2 (2 ) S ACR 5 6 6 (SC A) a t pa ra g ra ph 3 3 .
Th e
a c c u s ed pa rt i ci pa te d i n c ru el a c ti o ns t h at l e d t o t ra gic d e at hs
o f t h ree yo u n g me n .
Eve n t h ou g h t h e th re e d e c ea se d we re
k n o wn t o b e t ro ub le m a ke rs i n t h ei r co mm un it ie s ; t h e y st ill we re
s o n s a n d b ro th e rs o f t h ei r f am ili e s.
15
Th e y a l s o , l i ke an y o t h e r
p e rs o n , h ad ri gh t s i n te rm s o f t he Co n s ti t ut io n an d the l a w, t o
li f e a nd l ib e rt y.
Vi g il an ti s m ca n ne ve r b e t o le ra t ed b y t h e Co u rt s a n d p e ople
s h o ul d ne ve r b e a ll o we d , d e s pi t e th e c i rc um s ta n c e s , t o t a k e
20
t h e l a w i n th ei r own h a n d s .
W hil st t h e Co u rt h a s t ak e n i n to
c o n si d e rat io n th e c i rc um s t an c e s un d e r wh i c h t h e se o f f en c es
o c c u rre d , th e f a ct re m ai n s th a t th re e yo u n g m en we re d e p ri ve d
o f t hei r li be rt y a n d m u rde re d .
25
Ag g ra va t i n g c i rc um s t an c e s o f t hi s ca s e a re t ha t t h e de c e a sed
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33
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we re b ru t a ll y a s s a u l te d o ve r a pe ri od o f tim e on t he da y o f t he
c o mmi s s io n of t he o f f en c e s an d th a t t h e a c cu s e d p e rsis t e d no t
to
take
re m o rs e .
5
re s po n sib ili t y f o r
their
ac t i on s
and
to
s ho w a n y
I n th e Co u rt ’ s vi e w d i re c t i mp ri so nm e nt i s t h e o nl y
a p p rop ri at e s e nt e nc e i n li gh t o f t he ci rc um s t an c e s o f t hi s ca se
i n re sp e c t o f t h e mu rd e r c ha rg e s .
As re g a rd s t h e co u n t s o f ki dn a ppin g , th e Cou rt t oo k in to
a c c o un t th a t t h e de c e a se d we re k i d na p pe d i n t h e a f te rn o on i n
10
t h e p ro c e s s of f ind in g t he TV, t i e d u p , wh i l st b ei n g as s a ul t ed ,
d ri ve n u p an d d own i n t h e b a k ki e fo r l o ng p e ri o d s o f t i me to
d i ff e re nt pl a ce s unt il th e y we re f o u nd d ea d .
I n vi e w o f al l t h e
c i rc um s t an c e s th e Co u rt al s o fi nd s d i re c t im p ri s on men t t o b e
a n ap p rop ri at e se nt e n c e f o r th e s e o f fe n c e s .
15
I n re s p e ct o f th e as s a ul t wi t h i n te n t to d o g ri e vo u s bo dil y h a rm
o n Mp h u t hu mi , t h e Co u rt fi n d s t h a t in li gh t of t he e vi de n c e led
d u rin g th e t ri al , i nc l ud in g th e fa c t t ha t Mp h u t h umi ma na g ed to
f re e him s el f a n d ru n a wa y, t a k e n t og e t he r wi t h all the o th e r
20
f a c t o rs re le va n t t o s e n t e n cin g , th e im p o si tio n o f a sus p e nd ed
s e n t en c e d wo u l d be ju s t a n d a pp ro p ria t e .
CONC LUSI ON
25
Ha vi n g
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c o n si de red
a ll
the
rel e van t
c i rc um s t an c e s
b e f o re
/...
34
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i mp o si ng
s en t en ce ,
t he
Co u rt
wi ll
ta k e
i n to
a c cou n t
th e
c u m ula ti ve e f f e ct o f t he s en t en c e s th a t th e Co u rt wi l l im p o se
a n d a s a s h o w o f m e rc y wi l l o rd e r t h a t ce rt ai n se n ten c e s run
c o n c u rre n tl y.
5
I n t he re s ul t t he f oll o wi n g s e n te n ce s a re imp o s ed :
AC CU SE D 1 :
ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 AND 3 OF KI DN AP PI N G , TH E THRE E
10
COUN TS
T AK E N
TO GET HE R
FOR
THE
S ENT ENC E
IS
SE NTE NC E,
PU RP O SE S
SI X
(6 )
OF
YE AR S
I M PRI SO NM ENT.
ON C OUNT 5 OF AS S AULT WI TH I NTENT T O D O GR I EV OU S
BODI L Y H ARM , T HE S ENT ENC E I S T WEL V E (1 2 ) M ONTHS
15
I M PRI SO NM ENT, WHOL LY SU S P EN DED F O R A P ERI OD OF
FI VE (5 ) Y E AR S ON CO NDI TI ON TH AT TH E ACCU SE D I S
NOT CO NVI CT ED OF AS S AU LT WI TH I NT ENT T O C AU S E
GRI EV OU S
B OD I LY
H ARM
C O M MI TTED
DURI N G
TH E
PE RI OD OF SU SP EN SI ON.
20
ON C OUNT S 6 , 7 AND 8 OF M U RDER, TH E AC C US ED I S
SE NTE NC ED TO 1 8 (EI GHTE EN ) Y E AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT ON
E ACH C OU NT.
I T I S ORD ER ED T H AT THE S ENT E NCE S O N
COUN TS 1 , 2 , 3 , 6 AND 7 RUN CO NCURR ENTL Y WI TH THE
SE NTE NC E ON C OUNT 8 .
25
AC CU SE D
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1
IS
EFF ECTI V ELY
SEN TEN CE D
TO
18
/...
35
SE N TE NC E
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(EI GHT EE N) Y E ARS I M PRI S ONM EN T.
AC CU SE D 2 :
AC CU SE D 2 , ON COUN TS 1 , 2 AN D 3 OF KI DN AP PI NG , TH E
5
THRE E C OUNT S T AK EN T O G ET HER F OR PUR P OS E S OF
SE NTE NC E,
THE
S ENT ENC E
IS
SI X
(6 )
YE AR S
I M PRI SO NM ENT.
ON
C OUNT
5
OF
AS S AULT
W I TH
I NTENT
TO
C AU S E
GRI EV OU S B O DI L Y H ARM , TH E S E NTENC E I S TW EL VE (1 2 )
10
M ONTHS
I M PRI S ONM ENT,
WH OL LY
SU S P END ED
FOR
A
PE RI OD OF FI V E (5 ) Y E AR S O N CON DI TI ON T H AT THE
AC CU SE D I S N O T CON VI CT ED OF AS S AULT WI TH I NTENT
TO C AU S E GRI E VO US B ODI L Y H ARM COM M I TTED DURI NG
THE PERI OD OF S US PE NSI ON.
15
ON C OUNT S 6 , 7 AND 8 OF M U RDER, TH E AC C US ED I S
SE NTE NC ED TO EI G HTE EN (1 8 ) Y E AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT ON
E ACH C OU NT.
I T I S ORD ER ED T H AT TH E SE NT EN CE S ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 , 3,
6 AND 7 RUN C ONCU RR ENTL Y WI TH TH E S ENT ENC E ON
20
COUN T 8 .
AC CU SE D 2 I S EFF ECTI V EL Y SE NTENC ED TO EI G HT E EN
(1 8 ) YE AR S I M PRI SO NM ENT.
AC CU SE D 3 :
25
ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 AND 3 OF KI DN AP PI N G, TH E THRE E
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SE N TE NC E
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COUN TS
T AK E N
SE NTE NC E,
THE
TO GET HE R
AC CUS ED
IS
FOR
PU RP O SE S
SE NTE NC ED
TO
SI X
OF
(6 )
YE AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT.
ON
5
C OUNT
5
OF
AS S AULT
W I TH
I NTENT
TO
C AU S E
GRI EV OU S B ODI L Y H A RM , TH E S E NTENC E I S TW EL VE (1 2 )
M ONTHS
I M PRI S ONM ENT,
WH OL LY
SU S P END ED
FOR
A
PE RI OD OF FI V E (5 ) Y E AR S O N CON DI TI ON T H AT THE
AC CU SE D I S N O T CON VI CT ED OF AS S AULT WI TH I NTENT
TO C AU S E GRI E VO US B ODI L Y H ARM COM M I TTED DURI NG
10
THE PERI OD OF S US PE NSI ON.
ON C OUNT S 6 , 7 AND 8 OF M U RDER, TH E AC C US ED I S
SE NTE NC ED TO EI G HTE EN (1 8 ) Y E AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT ON
E ACH C OU NT.
I T I S ORD ER ED T H AT TH E SE NT EN CE S ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 , 3,
15
6 AND 7 RUN C ONCU RR ENTL Y WI TH TH E S ENT ENC E ON
COUN T 8 .
AC CU SE D 3 I S EFF ECTI V EL Y SE NTENC ED TO EI GHT E EN
(1 8 ) YE AR S I M PRI SO NM ENT.
20
AC CU SE D 4 :
ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 AND 3 OF KI DN AP PI N G, TH E THRE E
COUN TS
T AK E N
TO GET HE R
FOR
THE
S ENT ENC E
IS
SE NTE NC E,
PU RP O SE S
SI X
(6 )
OF
YE AR S
I M PRI SO NM ENT.
25
ON
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C OUNT
5
OF
AS S AULT
W I TH
I NTENT
TO
C AU S E
/...
37
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GRI EV OU S B ODI L Y H ARM , TH E S E NTENC E I S TW E L VE (1 2 )
M ONTHS
I M PRI S ONM ENT,
WH OL LY
SU S P END ED
FOR
A
PE RI OD OF FI V E (5 ) Y E AR S O N CON DI TI ON T H AT THE
AC CU SE D I S N O T CON VI CT ED OF AS S AULT WI TH I NTENT
5
TO C AU S E GRI E VO US B ODI L Y H ARM COM M I TTED DURI NG
THE PERI OD OF S US PE NSI ON.
ON C OUNT S 6 , 7 AND 8 OF M U RDER, TH E AC C US ED I S
SE NTE NC ED TO EI G HTE EN (1 8 ) Y E AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT ON
E ACH C OU NT.
10
I T I S ORD ER ED T H AT TH E SE NT EN CE S ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 , 3,
6 AND 7 RUN C ONCU RR ENTL Y WI TH TH E S ENT ENC E ON
COUN T 8 .
AC CU SE D 4 I S EFF ECTI V EL Y SE NTENC ED TO EI GHT E EN
(1 8 ) YE AR S I M PRI SO NM ENT.
15
AC CU SE D 5 :
ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 AND 3 OF KI DN AP PI N G, TH E THRE E
COUN TS
T AK E N
TO GET HE R
FOR
THE
S ENT ENC E
IS
SE NTE NC E,
20
PU RP O SE S
SI X
(6 )
OF
YE AR S
I M PRI SO NM ENT.
ON C OUNT S 6 , 7 AND 8 OF M U RDER, TH E AC C US ED I S
SE NTE NC ED TO EI G HTE EN (1 8 ) Y E AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT ON
E ACH C OU NT.
I T I S ORD ER ED T H AT TH E SE NT EN CE S ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 , 3,
25
6 AND 7 RUN C ONCU RR ENTL Y WI TH TH E S ENT ENC E ON
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38
SE N TE NC E
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COUN T 8 .
AC CU SE D 5 I S EFF ECTI V EL Y SE NTENC ED TO EI GHT E EN
(1 8 ) YE AR S I M PRI SO NM ENT.
5
AC CU SE D 6 :
ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 AND 3 OF KI DN AP PI N G, TH E THRE E
COUN TS
T AK E N
TO GET HE R
FOR
THE
S ENT ENC E
IS
SE NTE NC E,
10
PU RP O SE S
SI X
(6 )
OF
YE AR S
I M PRI SO NM ENT.
ON C OUNT S 6 , 7 AND 8 OF M U RDER, TH E AC C US ED I S
SE NTE NC ED TO EI G HTE EN (1 8 ) Y E AR S I M PRI S ON M ENT ON
E ACH C OU NT.
I T I S ORD ER ED T H AT TH E SE NT EN CE S ON C OU NTS 1 , 2 , 3,
15
6 AND 7 RUN C ONCU RR ENT L Y WI TH TH E S ENT ENC E ON
COUN T 8 .
AC CU SE D 6 I S EFF ECTI V EL Y SE NTENC ED TO EI GHT E EN
(1 8 ) YE AR S I M PRI SO NM ENT.
20
__ __ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ ___ _ __ _
BO QW AN A, J
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