ANSI/IEEE Standards
Power
Power Transformer
Transformer Updates
Updates
Weidmann-ACTI Inc. Technical Conference
“New Diagnostic Concepts for Better Asset Management”
November 14 – 16, 2005
Sheraton Gunter Hotel, San Antonio, TX
H. Jin Sim
Waukesha Electric Systems
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Agenda
•Key standards for Power Transformer
•What has changed recently?
•Major new documents being developed currently
Let’s make this interactive!
Please stop me and ask
questions during the
presentation if you have them.
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Key Standards for Power Transformer
¾ IEEE STD C57.12.00-2000 IEEE Standard General Requirements for
¾
Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers
ANSI STD C57.12.10-1997 Product Standard for Power Transformers
with a LONG title as
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD FOR TRANSFORMERS—
230 kV and Below
833 / 958 through 8333 / 10 417 kVA, Single-Phase,
and 750 / 862 through 60 000 / 80 000 / 100 000 kVA,
Three-Phase Without Load Tap Changing;
and 3750 / 4687 through 60 000 / 80 000 / 100 000 kVA
with Load Tap Changing—
Safety Requirements
¾ IEEE STD C57.12.90-1999 IEEE Standard Test Code for LiquidImmersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers
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Major Changes in C57.12.00-2000
Changes
Changes Of
Of Cooling
Cooling Class
Class Designation
Designation
¾
¾ First
First letter:
letter: Internal
Internal cooling
cooling medium
medium in
in contact
contact with
with the
the windings
windings
O
O mineral
mineral oil
oil or
or synthetic
synthetic insulating
insulating liquid
liquid with
with fire
fire point
point << 300°
300°C
C
K
K insulating
insulating liquid
liquid with
with fire
fire point
point >> 300°
300°C
C
LL insulating
insulating liquid
liquid with
with no
no measurable
measurable fire
fire point
point
¾
¾ Second
Second letter:
letter: Circulation
Circulation mechanism
mechanism for
for internal
internal cooling
cooling medium:
medium:
N
N natural
natural convection
convection flow
flow through
through cooling
cooling equipment
equipment and
and windings
windings
FF forced
forced circulation
circulation through
through cooling
cooling equipment
equipment (cooling
(cooling pumps),
pumps), natural
natural
convection
convection flow
flow in
in windings
windings (non-directed
(non-directed flow)
flow)
D
D forced
forced circulation
circulation through
through cooling
cooling equipment,
equipment, directed
directed from
from the
the cooling
cooling
equipment
into
at
least
the
main
windings
equipment into at least the main windings
¾
¾ Third
Third letter:
letter: External
External cooling
cooling medium
medium
A
A air
air
W
W water
water
¾
¾ Fourth
Fourth letter:
letter: Circulation
Circulation mechanism
mechanism for
for external
external cooling
cooling medium
medium
N
N natural
natural convection
convection
FF forced
forced circulation
circulation (fans,
(fans, pumps)
pumps)
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Previous Designations
OA
FA
OA/FA/FA
OA/FA/FOA
OA/FOA*
OA/FOA*/FOA*
FOA
FOW
FOA*
FOW*
⇒
Present Designations
ONAN
ONAF
ONAN/ONAF/ONAF
ONAN/ONAF/OFAF
ONAN/ODAF
ONAN/ODAF/ODAF
OFAF
OFWF
ODAF
ODWF
* Indicates Directed Oil Flow per Table 9, Note 2, 1993 revision
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• Where can you find the cooling class information?
Nameplate
Outline Drawings
•• Etc.
••
••
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Major Changes in C57.12.00-2000
Tolerances
Tolerances for
for losses
losses
In IEEE Std. C57.12.00-1993 the statement reads,
Unless otherwise specified, the losses represented by a test of a
transformer(s) on a given order shall not exceed the specified losses by
more than the percentages in the table below.
The year 2000 revision includes the following statement:
“Failure to meet the loss tolerances shall not warrant immediate rejection
but shall lead to consultation between the purchaser and manufacturer
about further investigation of possible causes and the consequences of the
higher losses.”
The new standard provides guides on treating transformers with losses higher
than tolerances given, 10% for No-load loss and 6% Total loss
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Major Changes in C57.12.00-2000
This revision requires that the maximum (hottest spot) temperature rise be
determined by calculation or testing. (5.11.1.1) (Next slide)
Prior editions of this standard required that the hottest spot temperature
rise not exceed 80 ˚C, however, there was no approved test or calculation
method for this required performance parameter.
Also published in 2000 is the IEEE Std 1538-2000
Guide for Hottest Spot Temperature Rise Determination in Liquid-Filled Transformers
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C57.12.00-2000, 5.11.1.1
a) Direct measurement during a thermal test in accordance with IEEE Std
C57.12.90-1999. A sufficient number of direct reading sensors should be
used at expected locations of the maximum temperature rise as indicated
by prior testing or loss and heat transfer calculations.
b) Direct measurement on an exact duplicate transformer design per a).
c) Calculations of the temperatures throughout each active winding and
all leads. The calculation method shall be based on fundamental loss and
heat transfer principles and substantiated by tests on production or
prototype transformers or windings.
The maximum
temperature
temperature
was used to
(hottest-spot) winding temperature rise above ambient
shall be included in the test report with the other
rise data. A note shall indicate which of the above methods
determine the value.
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New
-2000
New Test
Test Requirements
Requirements Added
Added in
in IEEE
IEEE Standard
Standard C57.12.00
C57.12.00-2000
For
For Class
Class IIII Power
Power Transformers
Transformers
¾ Core insulation resistance test (R)
¾ Single-phase excitation test (O)
¾ Low-frequency test on auxiliary devices, control, and
current transformer circuits (R)
Operation test of all devices (R)
¾
¾ Switching impulse test applicable to transformers of 345 kV
¾
and higher ratings (R)
Dissolved gasses in oil analysis test (R)
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Major Changes in C57.12.90-1999
Part II of IEEE Std C57.12.90-1993, IEEE Guide for
Short-Circuit Testing of Distribution and Power
Transformers has been separated and NOT included
in 1999 version
When approved, this part will be published as
IEEE C57.133 Guide
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Major Changes in C57.12.90-1999
New Clause 15, Certified Test Data, lists minimum
information required. This used to be in the Annex
•• New and expanded information on thermal performance data
•• Allows the user to gain required information to perform loading
calculations per the C57.91-1995 Loading guide
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Major Changes in C57.12.90-1999
•• Corrected several errors on figures and equations for No-Load
Loss and Load Loss measurements, Clause 8 and 9
•• Published C57.123, IEEE Guide for Transformer Loss
Measurement in 2002
•• This
This guide
guide will
will be
be forwarded
forwarded to
to IEC
IEC for
for their
their adaptation
adaptation as
as “Dual
“Dual
Logo”
Logo” standard
standard
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Major Changes in C57.12.90-1999
In this standard’s revision all primary
measurements are now shown in metric units
with their corresponding English
equivalent measurements in parenthesis
Originally, IEEE Metrification Policy dictated that
all IEEE documents will contain only metric
dimensions eventually. Certain “Product”
standards, such as C57.12.10, C57.12.20, C57.12.30
series of standards will retain English units to
satisfy “safety” concerns
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One item of major concern, definition of
“Thermal Duplicate” was to be included in the
future release of the C57.12.00. This item has
been put on “hold” due to lack of participation
and interest
Requirement of an instruction manual along with the
minimum information that should be included in the
instruction manuals will be developed by the working
group for future revision
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Notable Changes in other IEEE documents
C57.136-2000 IEEE Guide for Sound Level Abatement and
Determination for Liquid- Immersed Power Transformers and
Shunt Reactors Rated Over 500 kVA
¾
¾ Sources of sound
¾
¾ Factors affecting sound
¾
¾ Factory-installed sound
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
levels in field operation
abatement methods
Field-installed sound abatement methods
Active sound cancellation
Useful sound level information
Estimation of far-field transformer sound levels (Annex)
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Notable Changes in other IEEE documents
IEEE C57.19.01-2000 IEEE Standard Performance Characteristics and
Dimensions for Outdoor Apparatus Bushings
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
200 kV BIL
350 kV BIL
650 kV BIL
900 kV BIL
1175 kV BIL
1675 kV BIL
2050 kV BIL
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34.5 kV
69 kV
138 kV
230 kV
345 kV
500 kV
765 kV
400/1200, 2000, 3000, 5000 amp
400/1200, 2000, 3000 amp
800/1200, 2000, 3000 amp
800/1200, 2000, 3000 amp
800/1200, 2000, 3000 amp
800/1200, 2000, 3000 amp
800/1200, 2000 amp
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Notable Changes in other IEEE documents
C57.127 IEEE Guide for the Detection of Acoustic Emissions from
Partial Discharges in Oil-Immersed Power Transformers
¾
¾ Published in 2000
¾
¾ Deals with Instrument, Test Procedure, and Interpretation
¾
¾ Lists many good references on Acoustic Emissions and PD
¾
¾ Project Authorization Request (PAR) to revise approved in 2003
¾
¾ Completion Due 12/31/2007
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Notable Changes in other IEEE documents
C57.13.4 IEEE Trial-Use Standard of Performance and Test
Requirements for Instrument Transformers of a Nominal System
Voltage of 115 kV and above
¾
¾ Published in 2003
¾
¾ Coordination of clearance and test voltages
¾
¾ Need input from the users of this standard for future revision,
scheduled for 12/31/2008
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Notable Changes in other IEEE documents
C57.135
C57.135 IEEE
IEEE Guide
Guide for
for the
the Application,
Application, Specification
Specification and
and Testing
Testing of
of
Phase-Shifting
Phase-Shifting Transformers
Transformers
Approved
Approved in
in 2001
2001
9 Application
Application and
and theory
theory of
of PSTs
PSTs
9 Service
Service conditions
conditions
9 Rating,
Rating, Construction,
Construction, Control,
Control, etc.
etc.
Approved
Approved as
as IEEE/IEC
IEEE/IEC Dual
Dual Logo
Logo Standard
Standard
Being
Being revised
revised for
for 12/31/2006
12/31/2006 Completion
Completion
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Notable
Notable Changes
Changes in
in other
other IEEE
IEEE documents
documents
C57.93
C57.93 IEEE
IEEE Guide
Guide for
for Installation
Installation of
of Liquid-Immersed
Liquid-Immersed Power
Power Transformers
Transformers
1995
1995 Guide
Guide Consolidates
Consolidates and
and replaces
replaces
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
IEEE
IEEE C57.11-1980,
C57.11-1980, Large
Large Transformers
Transformers
IEEE
IEEE C57.12-1980,
C57.12-1980, Large
Large Transformers
Transformers
IEEE
IEEE C57.93-1958,
C57.93-1958, Smaller
Smaller Units
Units
Clause
Clause 33 is
is for
for 501
501 kVA
kVA to
to 10
10 MVA,
MVA, ONAN
ONAN
Clause
Clause 44 is
is for
for 10
10 MVA
MVA and
and above,
above, or
or HV
HV rating
rating 69
69 kV
kV or
or above
above
9
9
9
9
Extensive
Extensive addition
addition to
to Vacuum
Vacuum Treatment
Treatment and
and Field
Field Drying
Drying
Extensive
Extensive revisions
revisions // additions
additions to
to Maintenance
Maintenance
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Major new documents being developed currently
C57.12.00,
C57.12.00, Dielectric
Dielectric Test
Test tables
tables are
are being
being revised
revised to
to clarify
clarify confusing
confusing requirements.
requirements.
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Major new documents being developed currently
C57.12.00,
C57.12.00, Dielectric
Dielectric Test
Test tables
tables are
are being
being revised
revised to
to clarify
clarify confusing
confusing requirements.
requirements.
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Major new documents being developed currently
C57.12.36
C57.12.36 Standard
Standard Requirements
Requirements for
for Liquid-Immersed
Liquid-Immersed Distribution
Distribution
Substation
Substation Transformers
Transformers
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Indoor/Outdoor
Indoor/Outdoor distribution
distribution substation
substation transformer
transformer
112.5
112.5 through
through 10
10 000
000 kVA
kVA three-phase
three-phase
250
250 through
through 6667
6667 kVA
kVA single-phase
single-phase
High
High voltage
voltage 69
69 000
000 V
V and
and below,
below, and
and aa low
low voltage
voltage 34
34 500
500 V
V and
and below
below
Covers
Covers unique
unique requirements
requirements for
for this
this type
type of
of transformers
transformers not
not covered
covered by
by Distribution
Distribution
(C57.12.34
(C57.12.34 Pad-mounted)
Pad-mounted) or
or Power
Power (C57.12.10)
(C57.12.10) Transformers
Transformers
Coordination
Coordination with
with Switchgear
Switchgear could
could NOT
NOT reach
reach consensus:
consensus: Moved
Moved to
to Informative
Informative
Annex
Annex
¾ Target
Target Completion
Completion date:
date: 12/31/2006
12/31/2006
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Major new documents being developed currently
C57.12.10 Standard Requirements for Liquid-Immersed Power
Transformers
¾ Major revision of the 1997 standard for Indoor/Outdoor Power Transformer
¾ Current standard covers up to 100 MVA and 230 kV
¾ Revised standard will cover ALL Power Transformers any MVA, and voltage
¾ LTC location from LV to either LV or HV
¾ Modern components such as Monitoring devices and Electronic
Communications
¾ Target Completion date: 12/31/2006
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC57.130
PC57.130 IEEE
IEEE Trial-Use
Trial-Use Guide
Guide for
for the
the Use
Use of
of Dissolved
Dissolved Gas
Gas Analysis
Analysis
During
During Factory
Factory Temperature
Temperature Rise
Rise Tests
Tests for
for the
the Evaluation
Evaluation of
of OilOilImmersed
Immersed Transformers
Transformers and
and Reactors
Reactors
¾
¾
¾
Procedures
Procedures
Gas
Gas generation
generation rates
rates
Evaluation
Evaluation methods
methods
First
First official
official ballot
ballot completed
completed with
with many
many negatives
negatives
¾ Oil
Oil volume
volume vs.
vs. generation
generation rates
rates
¾ Applicability
Applicability to
to the
the distribution
distribution transformers
transformers
Being
Being resolved
resolved by
by aa small
small group
group of
of experts
experts
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC57.139 Guide for Dissolved Gas Analysis in Transformer
Load Tap Changers
Difficult to gain consensus
¾ Type
¾ Vintage
¾ Application (Rating vs. Actual Load Current)
¾ Oil Condition (Filtered, Ventilated, etc.)
Scheduled Completion: 12/31/2007
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC57.147 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Natural
Ester Fluids in Transformers
Substantial progress being made with almost complete draft
¾
¾ Fluid
Fluid tests
tests and
and the
the significance
significance of
of each
each test
test
¾
¾ Fluid
Fluid compatibility
compatibility with
with transformers
transformers
¾
¾ Handling
Handling and
and evaluation
evaluation of
of natural
natural ester
ester fluids
fluids for
for use
use in
in filling
filling
transformers
transformers at
at the
the installation
installation site
site
¾
¾ Evaluation
Evaluation of
of natural
natural ester
ester fluids
fluids received
received in
in new
new equipment
equipment and
and
after
after filling
filling apparatus
apparatus on
on site
site
¾
¾ Maintenance
Maintenance of
of natural
natural ester
ester fluids
fluids
¾
¾ Safety
Safety and
and environmental
environmental care
care procedures
procedures
Scheduled Completion: 12/31/2007
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.104
57.104 Revision
Revision of
of IEEE
IEEE Guide
Guide for
for the
the Interpretation
Interpretation of
of Gasses
Gasses
Generated
Generated in
in Oil-Immersed
Oil-Immersed Transformers
Transformers
Major
Major Changes
Changes from
from 1991
1991 Guide
Guide (Latest
(Latest published
published guide)
guide)
¾
¾
¾
¾
Condition
Condition 1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4 ⇒Normal,
⇒Normal, Caution,
Caution, Warning
Warning
Significantly
Significantly lower
lower C
C22H
H22 limit
limit for
for “Normal”
“Normal” (<35
(<35 to
to <2)
<2)
Problems
Problems with
with several
several negatives
negatives
¾
¾ Applicability
Applicability to
to the
the distribution
distribution transformers
transformers
¾
¾ DGA
DGA data
data from
from Accelerated
Accelerated Aging
Aging Tests
Tests suggests
suggests significantly
significantly higher
higher
limits
limits should
should be
be acceptable
acceptable
Scheduled
Scheduled Completion:12/31/2005
Completion:12/31/2005
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Major new documents being developed currently
C 57.91 Revision of IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-OilImmersed Transformers
¾ Major
Major Improvements
Improvements on
on Bubble
Bubble Evolution,
Evolution, heavily
heavily depending
depending on
on
¾
¾
¾
moisture
moisture content
content
Limit
Limit the
the Hot-Spot
Hot-Spot Temperature
Temperature to
to 140
140 °C
°C (Current
(Current limit
limit 180
180 °°C)
C)
Discuss
Discuss potential
potential risks
risks of
of exceeding
exceeding this
this limit
limit
Thermal
Thermal Model:
Model: Move
Move the
the current
current Annex
Annex G
G to
to the
the main
main body
body and
and
Clause
Clause 77 to
to the
the Annex
Annex
Ballot before the end of 2005
Target Completion: 12/31/2007
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.142
57.142 A
A Guide
Guide to
to Describe
Describe the
the Occurrence
Occurrence and
and Mitigation
Mitigation of
of
Switching
Switching Transients
Transients Induced
Induced by
by Transformer-Breaker
Transformer-Breaker Interaction
Interaction
¾ Characteristics
Characteristics for
for Transformer,
Transformer, Source,
Source, Load,
Load, and
and Circuit
Circuit Breaker
Breaker
¾ System
System Voltage
Voltage Response
Response
¾ Mitigation
Mitigation Methods
Methods
¾ Two
Two Examples
Examples
First
First Ballot
Ballot Completed:
Completed: 85
85 Affirmative
Affirmative 24
24 Negatives,
Negatives, over
over 400
400
comments
comments
Target
Target Completion:
Completion: 12/31/2006
12/31/2006
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.149
57.149 Guide
Guide for
for the
the Application
Application and
and Interpretation
Interpretation of
of
Frequency
Frequency Response
Response Analysis
Analysis for
for Oil
Oil Immersed
Immersed Transformers
Transformers
9
9
9
9
Test
Test Parameters
Parameters
Measurement
Measurement Parameters
Parameters (test
(test plan)
plan)
Test
Test Records
Records
Analysis
Analysis and
and Interpretation
Interpretation
Target
Target Completion:
Completion: 12/31/2008
12/31/2008
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Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.32
57.32 IEEE
IEEE Standard
Standard Requirements,
Requirements, Terminology,
Terminology, and
and Testing
Testing
Procedures
Procedures for
for Neutral
Neutral Grounding
Grounding Devices
Devices
¾
¾ Major
Major Revision
Revision of
of the
the IEEE
IEEE 32
32 (Sponsor
(Sponsor changed
changed from
from SPD
SPD to
to TR)
TR)
¾
¾ Modernize
Modernize Thermal
Thermal Ratings,
Ratings, Insulation
Insulation Classes,
Classes, Temperature
Temperature Limits,
Limits,
etc.
etc.
¾
¾ Update
Update Test
Test and
and Construction
Construction
¾
¾ Treat
Treat following
following devices:
devices:
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
¾
Reactors
Reactors
Ground-Fault
Ground-Fault Neutralizers
Neutralizers
Grounding
Grounding Transformers
Transformers
Resistors
Resistors
Capacitors
Capacitors
Combination
Combination Devices
Devices
Target
Target Completion:
Completion: 12/31/2006
12/31/2006
energy solutions
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WAUKESHA
ELECTRIC
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ANSI/IEEE Standards
Power
Power Transformer
Transformer Updates
Updates
Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.140
57.140 Evaluation
Evaluation and
and Reconditioning
Reconditioning of
of Liquid
Liquid Immersed
Immersed Power
Power
Transformers
Transformers
120.00
100.00
Risk
Risk Assessment
Assessment
Diagnostic
Diagnostic Tests
Tests
Condition
Condition Assessment
Assessment
Degassing
Degassing and
and Moisture
Moisture Removal
Removal
80.00
Failures in GVA
¾
¾
¾
¾
60.00
40.00
20.00
15
13
20
20
11
09
20
20
07
05
20
20
01
99
97
03
20
20
19
19
93
95
19
19
89
87
91
19
19
19
83
85
19
19
79
81
19
19
75
73
77
19
19
19
69
71
19
19
64
19
19
67
0.00
Year of Failure
Do
Do you
you want
want to
to know
know the
the condition
condition of
of your
your transformer?
transformer?
Should
Should you
you consider
consider extending
extending the
the life
life of
of your
your transformer?
transformer?
First
First official
official ballot:
ballot: 9/12/2005
9/12/2005 –– 10/26/2005
10/26/2005
Target
Target Completion:
Completion: 12/31/2005
12/31/2005
energy solutions
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WAUKESHA
ELECTRIC
SYSTEMS
ANSI/IEEE Standards
Power
Power Transformer
Transformer Updates
Updates
Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.143
57.143 Guide
Guide for
for Application
Application for
for Monitoring
Monitoring Equipment
Equipment to
to LiquidLiquidImmersed
Immersed Transformers
Transformers and
and Components
Components
¾ Surveillance
Surveillance Needs
Needs of
of High
High Voltage
Voltage Transformers
Transformers and
and Accessories
Accessories
¾
¾ Transformers,
Transformers, Bushings,
Bushings, LTC’s,
LTC’s, etc.
etc.
¾ Monitoring
Monitoring Parameters
Parameters
¾
¾ DGA,
DGA, Moisture,
Moisture, PD,
PD, Temperatures,
Temperatures, Insulation
Insulation PF,
PF, Component
Component Operations
Operations
¾ Monitoring
Monitoring Systems
Systems and
and Equipment
Equipment
¾
¾ Hardware,
Hardware, Software,
Software, Data
Data Analysis,
Analysis, Communication,
Communication, Control,
Control, etc.
etc.
¾ Benefits
Benefits
¾
¾ Direct/Strategic
Direct/Strategic Benefits,
Benefits, Maintenance,
Maintenance, Prevention
Prevention of
of Failures,
Failures, etc.
etc.
Target
Target Completion:
Completion: 12/31/2007
12/31/2007
energy solutions
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WAUKESHA
ELECTRIC
SYSTEMS
ANSI/IEEE Standards
Power
Power Transformer
Transformer Updates
Updates
Major new documents being developed currently
PC
PC 57.150
57.150 Guide
Guide for
for the
the Transportation
Transportation of
of Transformers
Transformers and
and Reactors
Reactors
Rated
Rated 10,000
10,000 kVA
kVA or
or Larger
Larger
¾
¾ Just
Just started
started with
with Scope
Scope and
and Purpose
Purpose of
of the
the project
project defined
defined (2004)
(2004)
¾
¾ Will
Will include
include ALL
ALL modes
modes of
of Transportation
Transportation
¾
¾ Rail,
Rail, Truck,
Truck, Barge,
Barge, Ship,
Ship, even
even Air
Air
¾
¾ This
This guide
guide will
will provide
provide information
information for
for minimizing
minimizing the
the risk
risk of
of damage
damage and
and
delays
delays in
in the
the moving
moving of
of power
power transformers
transformers and
and reactors
reactors
¾
¾ ItIt will
will have
have recommendations
recommendations to
to minimize
minimize damage
damage to
to transformers
transformers and
and reactors
reactors
during
rigging
and
transportation
during rigging and transportation
Target
Target Completion:12/31/2008
Completion:12/31/2008
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WAUKESHA
ELECTRIC
SYSTEMS
Summary & Conclusions
• Knowledge of the industry standards will help you
•
•
•
do your job better and easier
Key standards are continually updated
System reliability will be improved by learning and
implementing new trends
Join the IEEE Transformers Committee to learn
and participate – Great networking too!
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ELECTRIC
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Questions?
Thank You
energy solutions
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WAUKESHA
ELECTRIC
SYSTEMS