Table of Contents
From Territory to State:
Louisiana Statehood 1812
Staff, Scholars and Facilitators
Program of the Workshops
Map of Louisiana 1812
LA Statehood : A Brief Overview
Chronology of Main Events
Major Characters
Sample of Bibliography and Websites
The 18th Star - THNOC
Your Costume
LSU Cook Hotel
http://www.thecookhotel.com/
University Campus
http://www.lsu.edu/campus/maps/index.html
From Territory to State:
Louisiana Statehood 1812
Staff & Facilitators
Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College
French Education Project for Research and Teacher Education
Spanish Education Project
Denise Egéa-Kuehne – Project Director, FEP
Pascale Seignolles – Coordinatrice Pédagogique, FEP
Pina Calvo – Asesora Pedagogica, SEP
Kaori Shimizu – Research & Project Coordinator, FEP
Tammie Jenkins – Research Assistant, FEP
Marie De Oliveira – Assistant to Project Director, FEP
Bernard Dubernet – Facilitator French, Field Experience Supervisor, LSU, ETPP
April Antonellis – Facilitator Social Studies, Park Ranger Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve
Maria Sotelo – Facilitator Spanish, Lead Teacher, Lafayette School Board
Scholars & Guest Speakers
April Antonellis
Louisiana State University
Paul Binford
Louisiana State University
Joseph Dunn
Council for the Development of French in Louisiana
Petra Munro Hendry
Louisiana State University
Robert C. Lafayette
Louisiana State University
Roland Mitchell
Louisiana State University
Olivier Moréteau
Herbert Law Centert, Louisiana State University
Donna Marie Porche-Frillot
Baton Rouge Community College
Ruth Smith
University of Louisiana at Monroe
Program
From Territory to State :
Louisiana Statehood 1812
Baton Rouge, February 3-5, 2012
Friday
Focus on the period: Exploring Louisiana history
Participants are together throughout the day
7:30-8:30
8:30-9:00
9:00-10:00
10:00-10:30
10:30-11:30
11:30-1:00
1:00-2:00
2:00-3:00
3:00-3:30
3:30-6:00
6:00-6:30
6:30-7:30
7:30-8:30
8:30-
Registration (Staff). Different symbols on name tags for teachers of French, Social Studies and Spanish.
Introduction to Staff and Program. (Dr. Egéa-Kuehne) (English)
Prior to the workshops, historical characters have been especially identified and attributed to each one of the
participants who researched their respective characters. Using only yes/no questions, participants must discover
the “identity” of as many “characters” as possible, with a prize for the teacher who identifies the greatest number.
(Staff and Scholars) (English, French, Spanish)
BREAK
Introductory Session: Video – Louisiana Purchase to Statehood: 1803-1812. The Historic New Orleans
Collection. (English)
LUNCH
Lecture: Dr. Petra Hendry – Re-imagining Louisiana’s Educational History 1699-1860 and Dr. Donna
Porche-Frillot. French heritage and its influence on Louisiana education. (English)
General Session: Dr. Roland Mitchell and April Antonellis. Louisiana Minorities in 1800s (African
Americans, Creoles, French, Isleños, Native Americans) (English)
BREAK
Film on time period: Amazing Grace. (English)
Followed by discussion per language groups. (Staff and Scholars)
DINNER
Main Address: Professor Olivier Moréteau, LSU Law School – Louisiana Law as Gumbo: Mixing and
Remixing French, Spanish, and Anglo-American Ingredients in a Dynamic Legal Culture. (English)
Discussion and conversation.
Saturday Morning
Focus on the classroom: building a collection of discipline-specific activities
Separate but identical activities for teachers of French, Social Studies, and Spanish.
8:30-9:30
9:30-10:00
10:00-12:00
12:00-1:00
Louisiana Trivial Pursuit. Working in small groups, participants create a six-category Trivial Pursuit game on
Louisiana Statehood (a minimum of 12 questions per group in one of the following categories: people;
events/government; American Union/France/Spain; customs/food; law/literature/art/music; fauna/flora. (Staff and
Scholars) (English, French, Spanish)
This activity will continue throughout the weekend, and the questions can be dropped in a box.
BREAK
Working in groups, participants prepare skits on the most important characters and events of the Louisiana
Statehood era to be enacted at the Saturday night theme banquet. (Staff and Scholars) (English, French, Spanish)
LUNCH
Saturday Afternoon
Focus on the classroom: building a collection of discipline-specific activities
Separate sessions for teachers of French, Social Studies, and Spanish.
All participants will reassemble for a general session at 4:30pm
Teachers of French
1:00-2:00
Lecture: Professor Olivier Moréteau - Le code civil louisianais comme élément identitaire et instrument
pédagogique. (French)
2:00-4:00
Small-group work on specific topics. Each group must come up with at least 5 classroom activities to teach these
topics. Results will be shared with other groups. (Staff and Scholars) (French)
Social Studies Teachers
1:00-2:00
Lecture: Dr. Paul Binford - The Divergent Chords of an American Union in 1812.(English)
2:00-4:00
Small-group work. Groups are divided by areas/levels (7th grade American studies, 8th grade Louisiana Studies,
American history, world history, and civics) to discuss those aspects of early 19th century Louisiana most
appropriate to be integrated in their own curricula. Each group must come up with at least 5 classroom activities.
Results will be shared with other groups. (Staff and Scholars) (English)
Teachers of Spanish
1:00-2:00
Lecture: Dr. Ruth Smith – El español y el estado de Luisiana. (Spanish)
2:00-4:00
Small-group work on specific topics. Each group must come up with at least 5 classroom activities to teach these
topics. Results will be shared with other groups. (Staff and Scholars) (Spanish)
4:00-4:30
BREAK
All Teachers
4:30-6:30
6:30-7:30
7:30-10:30
Work on skits, poetry, songs, dance, story telling, etc. for the evening celebration
Anniversary Address – Robert C. Lafayette, Professor Emeritus, LSU. (English)
Menu Constitutionnel – Constitutional Menu – Menú Constitucional
Theme banquet:
Celebration - Participants will present skits, poetry, songs, dances, storytelling of the period… (will be videotaped)
Sunday Morning
8:30-9:30
9:30-10:30
10:30-11:00
11:00-12:00
12:00
Focus on the community: preparing a Louisiana Statehood Day
Interdisciplinary groups
All participants will reassemble for a general session before lunch (11:00 am)
Small groups of school teams (French/Social Studies/Spanish) work on interdisciplinary applications of packet
documents and material presented during the past two days. They create at least 5 specific interdisciplinary
activities to engage their schools and their communities in the colonial history of Louisiana. (Staff and Scholars)
Creation of a sample Louisiana Statehood Day during which all teachers in the same school focus on activities
around a theme related to Louisiana Statehood. (Staff and Scholars) (English and/or French and/or Spanish)
BREAK
Closing Address – Joseph Dunn, Executive Director, CODOFIL – Influence of Louisiana’s heritage on its
economy. (English)
ADJOURN
Sponsored by:
French Education Project – LSU
Spanish Education Project – LSU
The University of Louisiana at Monroe – Department of FL
Consulat Général de France – New Orleans
Embassy of Spain – Washington, D.C.
CODOFIL
Friends of French Studies at LSU
Williams Research Center – New Orleans
The Historic New Orleans Collection
American Association of Teachers of French – Louisiana Chapter
Louisiana 1812 - Mathew Carey. "Louisiana." Atlas . Philadelphia: M. Carey & son, 1814 -
Louisiana Statehood: A Brief Overview
http://www.louisianabicentennial2012.com/history-louisiana/statehood
The 1802 Enabling Act required that any US territory must have a population of 60,000 to qualify for statehood. In 1804,
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the newly acquired Louisiana Territory was subdivided, and the portion below the 33 parallel, which eventually formed
the state of Louisiana, was named the Territory of Orleans. With only 35,932 people in 1804, the Territory did not have the
population to qualify for statehood. But with the massive immigration of both free and enslaved Americans into the
Territory after 1803, the population surged past the 60,000-person requirement by 1810.
On April 30, 1812, the United States admitted Louisiana as the 18th state into the Union. Louisiana was the first state to
have a majority Catholic French and Spanish-speaking population, reflecting its origins as a colony under France from
1699-1763 and Spain from 1763-1803. Following the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, Louisiana's road to statehood was not
all smooth. Federal law required citizens of a newly admitted territory to apply to congress for statehood, and the
admission of the Orleans Territory as the 18th state followed years of lobbying efforts by prominent citizens—both
American and Creole (French-speaking Catholics). Men such as French-born congressman Julien Poydras and American
attorney Edward Livingston sought the greater political rights that statehood bestowed and convinced Territorial Governor
William C.C. Claiborne that the Orleans Territory qualified for statehood. Finally in 1811, Democratic President James
Madison signed the bill allowing the people of Louisiana to form a state constitution. Following the state constitutional
convention in New Orleans where 43 American and Creole leaders convened, on April 14, 1812, President Madison
signed the bill approving statehood. The bill designated April 30, 1812, as the day of formal admission.
Louisiana's distinctive French Catholic Creole culture eventually blended with the American English Protestant culture to
create a distinct Creole-American society. Yet cultural differences between Creoles and Americans manifested
themselves in a variety of ways immediately after the Louisiana Purchase. Creole residents of colonial Louisiana had lived
under the Catholic Church, a political monarchy, and the legal Civil (Napoleonic) Code. In contrast, the new American
political laws enforced religious freedom, republican democracy, and English common law. After the Orleans Territory
came under U.S. rule, Catholic residents worshiped freely, but legal battles ensued over the interpretation of the Civil
Code, which places emphasis on codified community laws, and Common Law, which places greater reliance on judges for
legal interpretation. Today Louisiana remains the only U.S. state that follows the Civil Code, which is the most common
legal system in the world.
Prior to statehood, Americans such as Louisiana Territorial Governor William C.C. Claiborne expressed concern over the
abilities of Louisiana's Creole residents to embrace American democracy. But in the territorial period, men such as Julien
Poydras, Jacques Villeré, and Jean Noel Destréhan emerged as effective politicians and very vocal supporters of the
democratic rights that statehood bestowed. Additionally, many of the territory's Creole citizens had supported a
democratic political system since 1789, when the French Revolution replaced their monarchy with a republican
democracy. By the 1850s, state politics was largely free of any Creole and American division. Nevertheless, legislative
acts were published in both French and English for a bilingual population up until 1867.
Two hundred years after statehood, Louisiana remains one of the most distinctive states in the union. The state's rich
Creole heritage is evident in the use of the Civil Code, the organization of parishes as local political units, and the
celebration of Catholic traditions such as Mardi Gras. So as Louisiana commemorates this important bicentennial event,
we can also celebrate the distinct Creole-American culture that U.S. statehood has fostered.
Chronology of Main Events – 1673-1813
1673 - Frenchmen Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette begin the exploration of the Mississippi River.
1682 - René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle reaches the mouth of the Mississippi, claims possession for France of
the territory which he names “Louisiane.”
1699 - Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville, first European to reach the Mississippi from the open sea, explores the
Louisiana coast and founds Fort Maurepas at Old Biloxi (now in Mississippi)
1701 – Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville succeeds Ensign de Sauvolle as commandant of Louisiana.
1702 - Mobile (now in Alabama) is founded as capital of Louisiana by J.B. Le Moyne de Bienville for his brother Iberville.
1712 – Antoine Crozat receives royal charter giving exclusive trading rights to Louisiana.
1714 - Natchitoches, the oldest permanent settlement in Louisiana, is founded by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis.
1717 - Official drafting of blacks begins in Louisiana, to assist native tribe slaves.
1718 - New Orleans is founded, at crescent in river, to reduce flooding.
1719 – First slave ships of black Africans land at Mobile. German families arrive in Louisiana.
1720 - Biloxi, Mississippi becomes capital of French Louisiana.
1722 – A hurricane destroys much of New Orleans.
1723 - New Orleans becomes the official capital of French Louisiana.
1724 – “Black Code” is declared in effect.
1727 – Ursuline nuns arrive in New Orleans and open a school for girls.
1732 – Louis XV, king of France, names Bienville governor of Louisiana.
1762 - Treaty of Fontainebleau: France secretly cedes all of Louisiana west of the Mississippi to Spain.
1763 - Treaty of Paris: France cedes all of Louisiana east of the Mississippi and Canada to England. Cajuns migrate to
French-controlled New Orleans and west side of the river. Louisiana, including New Orleans, is ceded to Spain.
1764 - Terms of Treaty of Fontainebleau are revealed. First recorded arrival of Acadians in Louisiana. Jesuits expelled.
1766 – Antonio de Ulloa becomes the first Spanish governor of Louisiana; arrives in NO but does not take possession.
1768 - Creole and German settlers in the Rebellion of 1768 force the new Spanish governor to flee.
1769 - Spain quells the rebellion, executes the plotters and officially takes possession, imposing Spanish law.
1778 - France declares war on England, aiding the American revolution.
1779 - Spain declares war on England.
1788 - Great New Orleans Fire destroys most of New Orleans which is subsequently rebuilt in Spanish style.
1800 - Secret Treaty of San Ildefonso signed by which France regains Louisiana in 1803.
1803 - Napoléon Bonaparte sells Louisiana to the United States.
1803 April 30 - Louisiana Purchase: it expands the United States west of the Mississippi River.
1804 - Three Flags Day in St. Louis: Spain officially cedes Louisiana to France, which then cedes it to the United States.
1804 - The Louisiana Purchase is split into the District of Louisiana, and the organized Territory of Orleans.
1805 - The District of Louisiana is organized as Louisiana Territory.
1810 - Proclamation by President James Madison: the United States annexes the Baton Rouge and Mobile Districts of
West Florida, declaring them part of the Louisiana Purchase. 90 days earlier, they had declared independence as
the Republic of West Florida.
1811 - German Coast Uprising, a slave revolt that takes place in parts of the Territory of Orleans.
1812 – Louisiana first constitution adopted on January 22.
1812 - Louisiana is admitted into the United States by an Act of Congress to take effect on April 30. Most of the Territory
of Orleans is admitted as the 18th state, Louisiana. The rest of the territory (northwestern tip) is ceded to
Louisiana Territory.
1812 – War of 1812: US President James Madison asks the US Congress to declare war on Great Britain.
1812 – Following Louisiana’s admittance as a US state, Louisiana Territory, having the same name as a state, was
renamed Missouri Territory.
1812 June 18 – The War of 1812 begins between the United States and the British Empire. Will last until 1815.
1812 August 14-20 – Great Louisiana hurricane.
1812 December 20 – Sacagawea, interpreter and guide on the Lewis and Clark Expedition
1813 - The First Judicial District Court (sometimes referred to simply as the District Court or as the First District Court)
was created by act of the Louisiana Legislature in 1813.
A Few Main Characters’ Sketches
U.S. and Louisiana
Etienne de Boré (1741-1820). First person to hold the title of Mayor of New Orleans. He is considered the father of the
modern cane sugar industry. Born in America, educated in France, served as a member of the household guard of King
Louis XV, grew indigo in Louisiana, and when the crop failed in 1794-95 he planted sugar cane and developed the
process for making granulated sugar from sugar cane.
William C.C. Claiborne (1775-1817) President Thomas Jefferson chose William C.C. Claiborne, a loyal southern
Democrat, to govern the new Territory of Orleans. Although an outsider to Creole society, Claiborne endeared himself to
the French-speaking residents of Louisiana, and, in 1812, voters elected him to be the state's first.
William Clark (1770-1838) American explorer, soldier, Indian agent, and territorial governor. Along with Meriwether
Lewis, Clark led the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1803 to 1806 across the Louisiana Purchase to the Pacific Ocean.
Jean Noel Destréhan (1754-1823) Creole politician in Louisiana, and one-time owner of Destréhan Plantation. He
pioneered the unique Creole system of slave labor on his sugar plantations, a blend between the harsher gang system
and the more lenient task system.
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). American Founding Father who was the principal author of the United States
Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). In May 1785, he became
the United States Minister to France. A leader in The Enlightenment, Jefferson was a polymath who spoke five languages
and was deeply interested in science, religion and philosophy.
Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) American explorer, soldier, and public administrator, best known for his role as the leader
of the Lewis and Clark Expedition also known as the Corps of Discovery, with William Clark. President Thomas Jefferson
appointed him Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1806.
Edward Livingston (1764-1836) American jurist and statesman. He was an influential figure in the drafting of the
Louisiana Civil Code of 1825, a civil code based largely on the Napoleonic Code.
James Madison, Jr. (1751-1836) American statesman and political theorist. He was the fourth President of the United
States (1809–1817) and is hailed as the ―Father of the Constitution‖ for being instrumental in the drafting of the United
States Constitution, and as the key champion and author of the United States Bill of Rights.
Daniel Todd Patterson (1786-1839) An officer in the United States Navy during the Quasi-War with France, the First
Barbary War and the War of 1812. Commodore Daniel Patterson commanded an offensive against Lafitte and his men at
Barataria
Charles Willson Peale (1741 – 1827) American painter, soldier and naturalist.
Zebulon Pike, Jr. (1779-1813) A contemporary of Lewis & Clark, Pike conducted his expedition to the Southwest at about
the same time as they were blazing the trail to the Pacific. Pike’s real job was to spy on the Spanish, determine their
strength and the location of their forts, and report on how hard it might be to invade the southwest.
Julien de Lallande Poydras (1746 – 1824). Born in Rezé (near Nantes), Brittany, France, he served in the French Navy,
and was captured by the British in 1760 and taken to England. He escaped on board a West Indian merchantman to
Saint-Domingue, from which he immigrated to New Orleans, Louisiana in 1768. Considered the first literary figure in
Louisiana history, Poydras wrote the first poetry published in Louisiana in 1779.
Thomas Bolling Robertson (1779-1828) Born near Petersburg, Virginia, he emigrated to Louisiana and was appointed
Territorial Attorney General by Governor William C.C. Claiborne, from 1806-1807. He was then Secretary of the Territory
of Orleans from 1807 until 1812, at which time Louisiana became a state. When he proposed moving the capital from New
Orleans to Baton Rouge, riots broke out in the Crescent City and he was forced to resign.
Sacagawea - also Sakakawea, Sacajawea (c. 1788-1812). Lemhi Shoshone woman. The daughter of Shoshone chief,
she was kidnapped after a battle with Hidatsa Indians when she was only about ten years old. She accompanied the
Lewis and Clark Expedition, acting as an interpreter and guide, in their exploration of the Western United States.
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Tecumseh (1768-1813). Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy (known as Tecumseh's
Confederacy) which opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812.
Jacques Phillippe Villeré (1761-1830) Second Governor of Louisiana (1816-1820) after it became a state. First Creole
and first native of Louisiana to attain that office. Villeré was a member of the convention which drafted Louisiana's first
state constitution and was elected Governor in 1815.
James Wilkinson (1757-1825) American soldier and statesman associated with several scandals and controversies.
After his death, he was discovered to have been a paid agent of the Spanish Crown
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans
John Carroll (1735-1815). First Roman Catholic bishop and archbishop in the United States.
Luis Ignatius Peñalver y Cardenas (1749-1810) Cuban Catholic Bishop of New Orleans, and Archbishop of Guatemala.
Louis-Guillaume Dubourg (1766-1833) Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, apostolic administrator (1812), and
bishop (1815). He resigned February 2, 1825.
Joseph Rosati (1789-1843) U.S. (Italian-born) Catholic bishop. He served as the first Bishop of the Diocese of Saint
Louis between 1826 and 1843.
Leo-Raymond de Neckère (1800-1833) Belgian-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Served as Bishop of New
Orleans from 1830 until his death in 1833.
Antoine Blanc (1792-1860). Fifth Bishop and first Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans,
appointed 1835, elevated 1850. His tenure, at a time of growth in the city, was matched with the most rapid church
expansion in the history of New Orleans. Born and raised in Sury-le-Comtal, France, Dr. Egéa-Kuehne’s home town.
England
George III (1738-1820). King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820). Because of his politics against traditional liberties
and economic interests, he could never gain the trust of the public. In the later part of his life, George III suffered from
recurrent, and eventually permanent, mental illness.
George IV (1762-1830). King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also of Hanover from the death of his
father, George III, in 1820 until his own death ten years later. He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the
fashions of the British Regency and was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. His charm and culture earned
him the title "the first gentleman of England," but his dissolute way of life earned him the contempt of the people.
France
Jean Lafitte (ca. 1776 - ca. 1823) French pirate and privateer in the Gulf of Mexico in the early 19th century. Lafitte is
believed to have been born either in France or the French colony of Saint-Domingue. After the United States government
passed the Embargo Act of 1807, the Lafittes moved their operations to an island in Barataria Bay. By 1810, their new
port was very successful; they pursued a profitable smuggling operation and started to engage in piracy.
Pierre Lafitte (1770–1821) A pirate who also ran a blacksmith shop in New Orleans. Pierre was the historically less-wellknown older brother of Jean Lafitte. While not as much of a sailor as his brother, he was the public face of the Lafitte
operation, and well known for his wit and charm, in addition to his handling of the sale of pirated goods.
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821). As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform,
the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide
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Spain
Renato Beluche (1780-1860) Smuggler, privateer, and patriot, he was Simón Bolívar’s favorite admiral as well as an
active partner in the affairs of the Laffite brothers. He fought both as a revolutionary and as a defender against revolt. He
was a patriot in the eyes of eight American nations and a brigand in the eyes of England and France.
Simon Bolivar - Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Blanco (1783-1830).
Venezuelan military and political leader, he played a key role in Hispanic-Spanish America's successful struggle for
independence from the Spanish Empire, and is considered one of the most influential politicians in Latin American history.
Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte (1768-1844) The elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and
Sicily (1806–1808), and later King of Spain (1808–1813, as José I).
Luis Ignatius Peñalver y Cardenas (1749-1810). Cuban Catholic Bishop of New Orleans, and Archbishop of Guatemala,
first bishop of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.
Carlos IV – Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Jose Januario Serafin Diego (1748-1819). King
of Spain (1788-1808). By the Treaty of San Ildefonso (1796) Spain allied itself with France and became involved in the
war with England. Abdicated in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII, in 1808.
Ferdinand VII (1784-1833) was twice King of Spain: in 1808 and from 1813 to 1833 — the latter period in dispute with
Joseph Bonaparte. Why was he was known as "Ferdinand the Desired" or "The felon king"?
Sebastian Calvo de la Puerta (1751-1829). Following the death of Manuel Gayoso de Lemos y Amorin, Spanish military
officer Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta Y O'Farrill, Marqués de Casa Calvo was appointed interim governor of Louisiana on
in 1799. His term was extended until 1801, when illness delayed his successor’s arrival. In November, the Cabildo
requested the governor to issue a proclamation suspending the prohibition of the introduction of slaves from Africa. On
October 1, 1800, by the Treaty of San Ildefonso, Louisiana was secretly transferred back to France.
Manuel de Juan de Salcedo (1801-1803). Last Spanish governor of Louisiana, served from July 14, 1801, until the
transfer of Louisiana to the French on November 30, 1803. King Charles IV appointed Salcedo in 1799, but poor health
prevented him from taking office immediately. In 1802, he suspended the ―Right of Deposit‖ (decreed by Pinckney) which
made him unpopular with the Americans who depended on being able to ship their products down the Mississippi to New
Orleans.
Authors, Artists & Musicians
Supply Belcher (1751 – 1836) American composer, singer, and compiler of tune books. Members of the First New
England School, a group of mostly self-taught composers who created sacred vocal music for local choirs. Had to work as
tax assessor, schoolmaster, town clerk, and so on. Even so, he was well-known for his music, even dubbed “the Handell
[sic] of Maine” by a local newspaper.
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 – 1827) German composer and pianist. One of the most famous and influential
composers. Even after becoming completely deaf, he continued to compose, conduct, and perform.
William Blake (1757 – 1827) English poet, painter, and printmaker. Mostly unrecognized during his lifetime, he is now
considered a seminal figure in the history of both the poetry and visual arts
Luigi Rodolfo Boccherini (Italy, 1743 – Spain 1805) Italian classical era composer and cellist. He was influenced by
Spanish music, and composed several guitar quintets including the "Fandango."
Hugh Henry Brackenridge (1748 – 1816) American writer, lawyer, judge, and justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.
A frontier citizen in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, he founded the Pittsburgh Academy, now the University of Pittsburgh, and
the Pittsburgh Gazette, still operating today as the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Published Modern Chivalry in 1792-1815.
Charles Brockden Brown (1771 – 1810) American novelist, historian, and editor. Not the first American novelist, as some
early criticism claimed, but a crucial figure in US literature and culture of the 1790s and first decade of the 19th century.
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Muzio Clementi (1752 – 1832) Born in Italy, spent most of his life in England. Celebrated composer, pianist, pedagogue,
conductor, music publisher, editor, and piano manufacturer. He has been called "the father of the pianoforte," "father of
modern piano technique," and "father of Romantic pianistic virtuosity."
Jacques Louis David (1748 – 1825) Most influential painter in French art of the early 19th century. His Neoclassical style
of history painting marked a change away from Rococo toward classical austerity and severity.
Eugene Delacroix (1798 – 1863) French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of the
French Romantic school.
Maria Edgeworth (1768 – 1849) Prolific Anglo-Irish writer of adults' and children's literature. One of the first realist
writers in children's literature. In her time, she was a woman with advanced views on politic and education.
Jean August Dominique Ingres (1780 – 1867) French Neoclassical painter. His portraits are his greatest legacy.
Guardian of academic orthodoxy, Delacroix, with his romantic style, is said to have been his nemesis.
Washington Irving (1783 – 1859) First American author to be able to support himself through the income generated by
his publications.
Goya (1746, Spain – 1828, France) Spanish artist whose multifarious paintings, drawings, and engravings reflected
contemporary historical upheavals and influenced important 19th- and 20th-century painters. Painter to the Spanish
Crown.
Anthony Philip Heinrich (1781-1861) First "full-time" American composer. Started composing at 36, after losing his
business fortune in the Napoleonic Wars. A formative experience and inspiration for the most original music was a 700mile journey, on foot. Chaired the founding meeting of the New York Philharmonic Society in 1842.
Charlotte Lennox (c. 1730 – 1804) English author and poet. Most famous as the author of The Female Quixote. She had
a long career, writing poetry, prose, and drama.
Susanna Rowson (1762–1824) British-American novelist, poet, playwright, religious writer, stage actress and educator.
Author of the novel Charlotte Temple (1797), the most popular best-seller in American literature until Harriet Beecher
Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852).
Franz Peter Schubert (1797 – 1828) Austrian composer. Although he died at an early age, he was a prolific composer,
including the famous "Unfinished Symphony."
Antonio Soler (Antonio Francisco Javier José Soler Ramos) (1729 – 1783) Spanish Catalan composer, known for
keyboard sonatas, important contribution to the harpsichord, fortepiano and organ repertoire.
Tabitha Gilman Tenney (1762-1837) Early American author. Her novel Female Quixotism (1801) was also said to be the
most popular novel written in America prior to the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852).
Royall Tyler (1757 – 1826) American jurist and playwright, he wrote a semifictional travel narrative, The Yankey in
London (1809). He earned a reputation as a quick-witted joker, and was also considered rather profligate, spending half
his inheritance while in college, and also taking his father's first name.
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber (1786 – 1826) German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, He had
a lifelong interest in the music of non-Western cultures.
American music has been influenced by, and integrated elements of, ―foreign‖ musics, through formal and informal
processes. Slavery, for example, mixed persons from numerous tribes in tight living quarters, resulting in a shared
musical tradition that was enriched through further influences of indigenous, Latin and European music. American
diversity has also produced genres such as the French-African music of the Louisiana Creoles, the Native, Mexican and
European fusion Tejano music and the thoroughly hybridized slack-key guitar and other styles of modern Hawaiian music.
4
Sample Bibliography
Chambers, Fortier, Gayarré, and Martin have traditionally been recognized as Louisiana's major historians. However,
Louisiana's history has increasingly been attracting more scholarship, and more research on some events or groups
which had been neglected or overlooked thus far, especially Indians, Blacks, Acadians, Creoles, and women. Some
names are to be especially noted in the context of this project; from Louisiana: Alamel, Brasseaux, Conrad, Fredericks,
Hoffman, Klingler, Neuman.
PUBLICATIONS
"Alabama Exploration and Settlement" (2007). Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Britannica.com
Balesi, Charles J. (1996). The Time of the French in the Heart of North America (1673–1818). Chicago: Alliance
Française de Chicago. 2nd ed. (1st ed. 1992).
Balvay, Arnaud (2006). L'Epée et la Plume. Amérindiens et Soldats des Troupes de la Marine en Louisiane et au Pays
d'en Haut. Québec: Presses de l'Université Laval.
Balvay, Arnaud (2008). La Révolte des Natchez. Paris: Editions du Félin.
Carrière, J. -M. (1939). "Creole Dialect of Missouri." American Speech 12(6): 502–503.
Carrière, J. -M. (1941). "The Phonology of Missouri French: A Historical Study." The French Review 14(5): 410–415.
Conrad, Glenn R. (ed.) (1995). The French Experience in Louisiana. Lafayette: University of Southwestern Louisiana
Press.
Dawdy, Shannon Lee (2006). "The Burden of Louis Congo and the Evolution of Savagery in Colonial Louisiana."
Discipline and the other body: correction, corporeality, colonialism. Edited by Steven Pierce & Anupama Rao. Duke
University Press.
Du Vall, Kathleen (2006). "Interconnectedness and Diversity in 'French Louisiana' ," in Powhatan's Mantle: Indians in the
Colonial Southeast, ed. Gregory A. Waselkov, Peter H. Wood, and M. Thomas Hatley. Lincoln, NE: University of
Nebraska Press, 2nd edition, 2006. http://colonialseminar.uga.edu/DuVal.pdf
Ekberg, Carl J. (2000). French Roots in the Illinois Country. University of Illinois Press.
Ekberg, Carl J. (2002). François Vallé and his World: Upper Louisiana Before Lewis and Clark. University of Missouri
Press.
Gannon, Michael (1996). The New History of Florida. University Press of Florida.
Garnier, Michaël (1992). Bonaparte et la Louisiane. Paris: Kronos/SPM.
Goins, Charles R., and Caldwell, J. M. (1995). Historical Atlas of Louisiana. Norman/Londres: University of Oklahoma
Press.
Giraud, Marcel (1953-1974). Histoire de la Louisiane française (1698–1723). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. 4
tomes.
Giraud, Marcel (1991). A History of French Louisiana (1723–1731), tome 5. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University
Press.
Hamel, Réginald (1984). La Louisiane créole politique, littéraire et sociale (1762–1900). Ottawa: Leméac, coll.
“Francophonie vivante”. 2 tomes.
Havard, Gilles, and Vidal, Cécile (2006). Histoire de l'Amérique française. Paris: Flammarion, coll. “Champs.” 2nd ed. (1st
ed. 2003).
Hoffman, Paul E. (1996). A History of Louisiana before 1813. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Bookstore Publisher.
Hubert, V. (1975). A Pictorial History, Louisiana. New York: Ch. Scribner.
e
e
Jaquin, Philippe (1987). Les Indiens blancs: Français et Indiens en Amérique du Nord (XVI - XVIII siècles). Paris: Payot,
coll. “Bibliothèque historique.“
Langlois, Gilles-Antoine (2003). Des villes pour la Louisiane française : Théorie et pratique de l'urbanistique coloniale au
e
XVIII siècle. Paris: L'Harmattan, coll. ”Villes et entreprises.”
Lugan, Bernard (1994). Histoire de la Louisiane française (1682–1804). Paris: Perrin.
Meyer, Jean, Tarrade, Jean, and Rey-Goldzeiguer, Annie (1991). Histoire de la France coloniale, t. 1. Paris: A. Colin, coll.
“Histoires Colin.”
Neuman, Robert W. (1984). An Introduction of Louisiana Archeology. Baton Rouge/Londres: Louisiana State University
Press.
Thornton, Russel (1987). American Indian Holocaust and Survival. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Ulrich, Ammon; International Sociological Association (1989). Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties.
Walter de Gruyter.
WEBSITES
http://www.louisianabicentennial2012.com/history-louisiana/statehood Louisiana Statehood
http://www.louisianabicentennial2012.com/history-louisiana/1812 Louisiana in 1812
http://locutus.ucr.edu/~cathy/year/1812.html Fashion and Fun in 1812
http://archiseek.com/2010/1812-city-hall-new-york/ Architecture
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States North American territories maps
th
http://www.imdb.com/list/TiscZaZaFr4/ 18 century films
th
http://www.imdb.com/list/r4rDmYJ6bMQ/ 19 century films
http://www.louisiane.culture.fr/fr/index2.html (French) La Louisiane française (1682-1803)
http://www.archivescanadafrance.org/ (French and English) Archives Canada-France: Nouvelle-France. Histoire d'une
terre française en Amérique
http://j.pazzoni.free.fr/louisiana_purchase.htm (French) Site personnel de Jean-Pierre Pazzoni: Histoire de la Louisiane
française
http://www.tlfq.ulaval.ca/axl/amnord/louisianetxt.htm (French) University of Laval: 30 avril 1803: traité d'achat de la
Louisiane
http://www.crt.state.la.us/museum/ Museum of the State of Louisiana
http://www.republiquelibre.org/cousture/NVFR.HTM (French and English) New France: 1524-1763
http://www.frenchcreoles.com/CreoleCulture/creole%20chronology/creole%20chronology.htm Creole history
BOOKS ON FASHION
Bourhis, Katell le, et al. (Eds) (1989).The Age of Napoleon: Costume from Revolution to Empire, 1789-1815. New York:
Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Rothstein, Natalie (ed.) (1984). Four Hundred Years of Fashion. London: Victoria and Albert Museum.
Handy, Amy (ed.) (1989). Revolution in Fashion: European Clothing, 1715- 1815. New York: Abbeville Press.
(1983) An Elegant Art: Fashion and Fantasy in the Eighteenth Century. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art,
1983
NOVELS OF 1812
Maria Edgeworth The Absentee. Available from Penguin and other presses. One of Edgeworth's Irish novels that has
stayed in print. The vision of London society is very funny.
Maria Edgeworth. Emilie de Coulanges. A tale of the struggles of French emigres in London. The story has a wonderful,
talented heroine.
Maria Edgeworth. Vivian. A tale of political corruption.
NOVELS SET IN 1812
Cornwell, Bernard (1984). Sharpe's Sword: The Salamanca Campaign. New York: Penguin.
Dean, Dinah (1974). Flight from the Eagle. Masquerade Historical 24. Toronto: Harlequin.
Gladstone, Maggie (1978). The Scandalous Lady. The Lacebridge Ladies 2. New York: Playboy Press.
Grasso, Patricia (1998). Violets in the Snow. NY: Dell.
Lane, Allison (1997). The Earl's Revenge. NY: Signet.
Lane, Allison (1998). The Second Lady Emily. NY: Signet.
Walsh, Sheila (1977). Madalena. New York: Signet.
Warady, Phylis (1995). Breach of Honor. NY: Zebra.
Williams, Claudette (1976). Spring Gambit. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Crest.
Wolf, Joan (1982). Margarita. New York: Signet.
FILMS
Louisiana – Has a few good scenes of 1800 New Orleans - the open air market and around the cathedral. It also has
some good footage of Greenwood Plantation in St. Francisville.
Autobiography of Miss Jane Pittman. Covers memories of a 110 year old former slave, the Civil War to the Civil Rights
movement. Nine Emmy Awards. I have used this in class.
Belizaire the Cajun. A charismatic herbal dealer in love with the Cajun wife of a wealthy Anglo. PG rated, be careful of
words "bastard children", "nigger", and "shit", otherwise fairly tame movie. 1850 Louisiana.
The Buccaneer. Retells the story of Battle of New Orleans and Jean LaFitte.
Amazing Grace. Based on the true story of William Wilberforce, his inspiring passion, perseverance and courageous
quest to end the British slave trade.
THE HISTORIC NEW ORLEANS COLLECTION http://www.hnoc.org/?p=2734
Open free of charge Williams Gallery
August 30 - January 29, 2012
Gallery hours: Tuesday–Saturday, 9:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m. Sunday, 10:30 a.m.–4:30 p.m.
533 Royal St., New Orleans, Louisiana
The 18th Star: Treasures from 200 Years of Louisiana Statehood
The definition of treasure varies by individual, by community, and by culture. The term may immediately connote objects
made of intrinsically valuable materials—emeralds, platinum, ambergris—but is also used, in a broader sense, to
reference keepsakes, monuments, memories, events, and even people. Embracing this latter, more inclusive definition,
the exhibition The 18th Star: Treasures from 200 Years of Louisiana Statehood presents an array of signature items
from the holdings of The Historic New Orleans Collection to tell the stories that have defined Louisiana since its entry into
the Union on April 30, 1812, as the eighteenth state.
The exhibition’s curators—a diverse group of staff members including historians, cataloguers, registrars, librarians, and
reference specialists—selected objects that are by turns fundamental, quirky, and extraordinary. The 18th Star presents
these materials in a chronological fashion, though visitors will discern particular themes that weave in and out of the
narrative: political and military history, arts and literature, social change and cultural diversity. Although New Orleans, the
state’s most readily identified city, is well represented, every region of Louisiana lends its voice to the exhibition. Indeed,
visitors who consider themselves familiar with The Collection’s treasures may be surprised by the breadth of materials on
display; items that are usually included in the institution’s permanent exhibitions, or have had other recent exposure in
display or publications were not selected.
A review of a handful of items in the exhibition suggests the malleable definition of treasure and the wide-ranging nature
of Louisiana’s history illustrated in The 18th Star.
A can of drinking water distributed after Hurricane Katrina is a reminder that everyday conveniences (drinking water on
demand) can become keys to survival when a calamity occurs. The adage ―water, water everywhere and not a drop to
drink‖ took on new import, and irony, in many communities when hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated coastal
Louisiana in 2005.
A manuscript copy of the first Constitution for the State of Louisiana (1812), written in French, is not only an official
document but also a window into early 19th-century society. The prospect of admitting Catholic, French-speaking
Louisiana to the Union prompted great debate in the United States Congress. Though the official language of Louisiana
and its constitution was English, the revised and amended document continued to be published in French for more than
one hundred years. Despite the Gallic accent, a number of framers and signers of the state’s first constitution were in fact
English-speaking ―Americans.‖ Typical of its day, the constitution only offered the right of voting to white males.
A poster encouraging operators of small boats to assist the United States Coast Guard during World War II is one of many
produced under the auspices of the Works Progress Administration (WPA, later the Work Projects Administration). Visual
artists hired by the WPA used their talents to create images that alerted the public to the need to ration critical goods, stay
healthy, avoid loose talk that could assist the enemy, and promote the war effort in various ways.
A photograph by Arthur P. Bedou from 1915 depicts civil rights pioneer Booker T. Washington (who died November 14 of
that year) addressing a crowd in Louisiana on his final visit to the state. Photography entered the realm of visual
expression in Louisiana when Jules Lion, a free man of color, introduced it in New Orleans in the spring of 1840. From
that point, it became a common means of recording every manner of visage, event, milestone, and everyday occurrence,
offering the prospect of a visual present (and past) to a wide segment of the population.
These items and others in the exhibition speak not only to Louisiana’s rich history but to the nature of The Historic New
Orleans Collection as a cultural institution. The Collection’s holdings were built around a core group of objects collected by
the organization’s founders, Kemper and Leila Williams to illustrate key themes; the collection has been expanded in the
four decades since the deaths of the Williamses by a professional staff of curators and librarians under the authority of a
board of directors. Significant expansion of both the subjects covered (e.g., jazz history, the life and literature of
Tennessee Williams, materials documenting contemporary New Orleans) and forms of objects collected (audio and video
recordings, photographic negatives, examples of Louisiana-made furniture) have occurred during that time. Regardless of
one’s specific interests in Louisiana’s stunningly varied history, the trove of materials that constitutes the holdings of The
Historic New Orleans Collection contains treasures for all. —John H. Lawrence
Your Costume
FREE CRAVAT PATTERN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cut 1.5 yards white linen. Keep the selvage
edge smooth.
Fold in half lengthwise.
Measure 10 inches on the fold and cut. This will
give you an isosceles triangle, 55" x 10".
Hand sew a narrow hem on the slanted edges the selvage edge is already finished.
Spray starch and iron.
Simplicity pattern # 4055