.--.---..-.--..
~--_..-.-
34
Meat Cuts
-
Use this poster in conjunction with Meat Cuts Identify Meat Cuts & locations from live Animal
situation/task statement and/or Wholesale Cuts of Beef identification tags.
Wholesale
/
RO>Eye Roll
\
Cuts of Beef
FoI'Tende"o1n
.;
-..
Rib Steak,
-
I
Short Ribs
Ground Beef
Chuck Roll
Shoulder Clod
Roast
lEARNING lABORATORY KIT
BraisingSteak
Rank Steak
Assuring Animal Product Quality by Youth Producers
This material is based uponwork supported by Extension Service,
United States Department of Agriculture, under special project
number 93-EFSQ-4096.
Graphic used with the express permission
of National
Live Stock and Meat Board.
Product distribution through the Ohio A,riculturaJ Educatioo Curriculum Materiala Service
r"a ~_ __~ ......-.-
Ethics are the moral philosophyand principles that
identify actions as acceptable or unacceptable as
generally observed by society.Throughout your
participation in the beef project you
are faced with many decisions.
Some are easier than others.
Sometime you may be
tempted to cheat or "bend"
the rules in order to place
higher in a class. This
decision becomes a
question of ethics.
What I Believe
Sit.u«~iQn
f~~a"obS-~oHlavored
e';.Jo
.:~.,..~:,;1,"""
.~-"
"".',
weight
.~;
's,temp'erament
rQprove~im:"fifusclirig
:.'
'."
..
;1\'-"
/_"~_'-A-
...",;-:::t:<* ,~: ';r
~sboYA'
, ,- "-....:~,
,
'.",
f::..-I~~ .-" .-:C
;.~_..,t~jl,!,?
~g;a?iY§JPr,nake
,
water
'_"
>
.. ,':';'.
.::,.~;...
-t~
;~'
-'~
, .V
'.1<
Show
Me the Beef
What are the two main reasons for pulling
up the leg hair?
In what direction is the hair glued on the
back legs?.front legs?
Why do you brush the legs at home?
Why does it matler how much adhesive
you use?
What options are there for fitling the tail?
What options are there for grooming the
body hair?
Why are the legs clipped?
Why is it important how the calf is
standing when you are clipping?
Why is the tail head clipped?
Why do you clip your calf?
.
Where's the Beef
How can you be creative when clipping
your beef animal?
Beef's Future
What did you learn in this activity that will
help you when you are fitling your animal?
Acknowledgments: Adapted with permission from the
Kansas 4-HBeef CurriculumNotebookand the Angus
Journal by Josh Merrill,LarryTibbs and Jackie Buckley.
",
Sf ump
~ the
''''''.'
1. View a video on
cli~ping show
anrma/s.
2. Attend a show and observe the clipping
techniques used by others. Share what
you learned with your beef group.
Educator /Leader Guide
Nutrients. Feeding. Feed Storage and the Importance qf Quality Water
NUTRIENTS
AND FEED LABELS
Feeds mixed by a feed company must have a label
that lists the ingredients in the feed. The actual
amount of ingredients is not usually given, but the
most prevalent ingredient in the item is usually
listed first. Ingredients are feedstuffs such as corn,
barley, or soybean meal. Ingredients may be listed
as general types, such as "grain products" or
"animal protein products."
The label must also state the analysis of the feed.
This part of the label explains what nutrients are
in the feed. Nutrients are the building blocks
contained in feeds for animals and foods for
humans. Nutrients are chemical substances
. required by animals in order to live, grow, have
young, and make milk. Every living thing (human
beings, animals, and plants) needs nutrients.
Animals (and people) require these nutrients:
· WATER carries other substances around in the
body and helps "to regulate body temperature.
· CARBOHYDRATES furnish energy for moving,
working, growing, and generating heat.
FATS are used to store energy.
· PROTEINS are used to build parts of the
animal's body, like muscle or skin.
· MINERALS make the animal's skeleton strong
and regulate movement of water in the body.
· VITAMINSare only needed in very small amounts
in the diet, but they are important because they
"catalyze" or start necessary chemical reactions
in the body.
The label on an animal feed tells the ingredients
and nutrients in the feed. The actual amount of
nutrients (and feed) required depends on the type of
animal, its age, how fast it is growing, and its
environment.
Finally, the label includes directions that explain
how much of the product to feed and if there is a
withdrawal time for the feed. Sometimes feed
contains medicine to protect the animal from
diseases or to make the animal grow more quickly,.
It is important that these medicines are not present
in your animal's meat when the animal goes to
market. People who eat meat (or who consume
other animal products) do not want to eat
chemicals other than the normal substances found
in the product.
·
View Critical Point #3
"What's in the Feed?"
Ask the youths why food
companies do not list
exact formulations and
briefly explain least cost
and proprietary
formulas.
Write important points
on a board or flip chart
in front of the group.
Ask the youths "What
other animal
characteristics might
affect an animal's
nutrient requirements?"
Discuss the difference
between nutrients and
ingredients.
Talk to the youths about
chemicals. "We
discussed the fact that
nutrients are chemicals.
Don't animals' bodies
already contain
chemicals?"
Talk about normal
chemicals versus added
chemicals that we use to
prevent disease or
improve production.
Unit 4, Levell
PJUfe64
Educator /Leader Guide
Nutrients. Feeding. Feed Storage and the Importance of Quality Water
A withdrawal time is the time needed for the
animal's body to get rid of any medicine or chemical
contained in the feed. If your feed has a withdrawal
time listed, you must stop using that feed for that
amount of time before the animal goes to sale.
Otherwise, "residue" (small amounts of the added
medicine or chemical) may remain in the meat or
milk.
Simple feedstuffs, such as cereal grains, protein
supplements, or roughages do not always have feed
labels.
Show classes for some 4-H and FFA animals have
maximum weight limits. Choose an animal young
enough so that it does not grow over the maximum
weight limit when fed correctly. You should know
about how many pounds per day you can expect
your animal to gain. Choose an animal that will
not grow over the maximum weight by the time it is
shown. The amount of weight you can expect your
animal to gain on average each day when fed
properly is:
Pigs:
1.6 pounds/day
Cattle:
2.5 pounds/day
Sheep:
0.5 pounds/day
Have group participate
in the activity entitled
"Interpreting Feed
Labels. "
Example:
It is May 20th and your show is
September 3rd. You want a market hog that will
weigh 220 lbs. How much should the pig you select
weigh on May 20?
May 20 to September
106 days x 1.6lbs/day
220 lbs (desired weight)
50.4 lbs
3
-
= 106
days
= 169.61bs gain in 106 days
169.6 lbs (gain /106 days) =
Therefore the pig you select on May 20 should weigh
about 50 pounds.
FEED CHANGES,
CONTAMINANTS
Choosing
FEED STORAGE,
AND FEED
feeds of high quality and storing
these
feeds properly is important in order to produce a ,
high quality product. Avoid feeds that are moldy or
contain foreign material (pieces of wire, plastic,
feces, or large amounts of weeds).
Talk about what can
happen if a steer eats a
wire, nail, or a piece of
glass.
.
Unit 4, Levell
P82e 65
Educator /Leader Guide
Nutrients. Feeding. Feed Storage and the Importance of Quality Water
Store feeds properly. Keepdry feeds in a clean,
dry place, protected from birds, rodents, and pets.
Birds and small animals (even your pet dog or cat!)
can spread diseases and parasites. Feeds that are
allowed to get wet or are stored in a damp place can
become moldy. Some molds produce toxic
substances ("mycotoxins") that contaminate the
feed and make it taste bad to your animal. Not only
can this make your animal sick, but it can also
affect the quality of meat produced from your
animal. Many feeds cannot be stored for long
periods of time. The fats and oils in the feed begin
to spoil. Vitamins supplements can lose their
effectiveness. Hay or silage can be stored for an
e~tire winter, as long as it is protected from weather
and animal pests (e.g., mice, rats, birds).
Never feed grains that have been treated for use
as seed. The chemicals used for treating seed grain
are very dangerous to animals and to people. Feed
contaminants can be dangerous to animals as well
as a source of chemical residues in meat.
Contaminants can be natural, resulting from plant
metabolism or from molds in the feed. Accidental
contamination by chemicals such as antibiotics or
pesticides may occur during processing or storage.
Cross contamination of feeds with antibiotics can
take place on the farm if medicated feed is not kept
separate from nonmedicated feed. If it is suspected
that there is a problem with feed, ask fQ_rhelp from
a 4-H leader, Vo-Ag teacher, or person who is
knowledgeable in animal nutrition.
A feed may need to be analyzed if animals do not eat
or grow as you would normally expect. Laboratory
analysis can tell if feed contains contaminants.
Feeds can be analyzed for nutrient content.
WATER AS A NUTRIENT
Many people don't think of water as a nutrient. In
fact, going without water will harm animals much
sooner than going without food.
What doeswater do in your animal's body?
. Water is a delivery system. It carries other
materials around in the body, and helps get rid
of waste products
Ask the youths if they
know what hardware
disease is. Explain that
a sharp object penetrates
the wall of the stomach,
the animal can get very
sick and experience a lot
of pain.
Write down important
points on a board,
overhead, or flip chart so
the group can view them.
Ask the students how
they can recogniZe if a
feed has been treated for
seed. If possible bring a
small amount of corn
which has been treated
and show its color.
Group participation in
the activity "Feed
Contaminants" will
familiarize the group
with common ways that
feeds are contaminated.
Have group participate
in the activity "Feed
Storage" to teach the
principles of proper feed
storage.
View the Critical Point #
2 "The Animal's Basic
Needs."
Unit 4, Level 1
Page 66
Educator /Leader Guide
NutJients. Feeding. Feed Storage and the Importance qf Quality Water
.
Water dissolves other chemicals that are
necessary for the body to work and allows
chemical reactions to occur.
. Water cushions and lubricates joints. Imagine
how scratchy your eyes would feel if there were
no tears in them, or how hard it would be to
swallow without the saliva in your mouth.
Water is especially important in regulating body
temperature. Animals cool themselves by the
evaporation of water from their skin (sweating) or
by using their mouths and noses (panting).
Animals should always have clean, good-tasting
water to diink. An animal's need for water is
greater during hot weather, during pregnancy, and
when they are making mille Even young calves and
lambs who are still drinking milk need to have
clean, fresh water to drink. Animals' feed intake is
closely related to their water intake. If young
animals do not have access to water, they will not
begin to eat solid food as quickly.
If it isn't possible to have water available all of the
time, animals should be given water at least twice
each day. On average, a lOO-pound animal needs
about one gallon of water per day.
Place waterers so that they will not become dirty
with feces or urine, but so animals can still reach
them. Clean watering devices or buckets often and
install heaters or break ice out of waterers in the
winter.
In some areas, water may contain dissolved
substances, such as nitrates or sulfates. Water can
also carry infectious disease organisms (bacteria).
Although you can't see these substances, they can
be unhealthy for you and your animals. Usually,
water that has been declared safe by the State or
County Public Health Department will be suitable
for animals.
The water at fairgrounds or shows may taste
different and animals may not drink water that
tastes strange if they are not used to that flavor.
If this is a problem, begin to flavor your animal's
water with molasses or lemon juice one or two
weeks before the show or sale. Then you can add
the same flavor to the water at the show to keep
your animal drinking.
.
Ask the students what
makes them thirsty. Do
they drink more when it
is hot or if they have
been playing a sport?
Do they feel thirsty after
eating salty foods like
potato chips or pizza?
Write down important
points on a board or flip
charts that are in plain
view of the group.
Have the group
participate in the
activity "Water Quality"
to illustrate the
importance of quality
water in the diet.
Unit 4. Level 1
Page 67