R3104 Understanding Applied Plant Propagation
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Including Examiner Comments R3104 UNDERSTANDING APPLIED PLANT PROPAGATION Level 3 Wednesday 12 February 2014 15:30 – 16:15 Written Examination Candidate Number: ………………………………………………………………. Candidate Name: …………………………………………………………………. Centre Number/Name: …………………………………………………………… IMPORTANT – Please read carefully before commencing. i) The duration of this paper is 45 minutes. ii) ALL questions should be attempted. iii) EACH question carries 10 marks. iv) Write your answers legibly in the spaces provided. It is NOT necessary that all lined space is used in answering the questions. v) Use METRIC measurements only. vi) Use black or blue ink only. Pencil may be used for drawings only. vii) Where plant names are required, they should include genus, species and where appropriate, cultivar. viii) Where a question requires a specific number of answers; only the first answers given that meet the question requirement will be accepted, regardless of the number of answers offered. ix) Please note, when the word ‘distinct’ is used within a question, it means that the items have different characteristics or features. Ofqual Unit Code J/505/8534 Please turn over/….. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS MARKS Q1 a) Identify TWO distinct propagation facilities for softwood cuttings giving ONE NAMED plant example suitable for EACH, by completing the table below. Propagation Facility 4 Plant Example 1 1 2 2 Please see over/….. 2 MARKS b) Describe how propagation facilities maintain the turgor of cuttings. 6 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….... ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Total Mark ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Please turn over/….. 3 MARKS Q2 a) Explain the functions of the following in seed germination: i) ii) iii) 3 2 2 testa; micropyle; radicle. ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Please see over/….. 4 MARKS ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Describe ONE technique used to overcome hard seed coat dormancy for a NAMED plant example. 3 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Total Mark ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….... …………………………………………………………………………………………. Please turn over/….. 5 MARKS Q3 a) Name ONE plant that can be propagated from EACH of the following: i) ii) leaf petiole cuttings; root cuttings. 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… b) Identify the appropriate propagation facilities for EACH of the plants NAMED in a). 2 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………….... ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………. Please see over/….. 6 MARKS c) Describe the physiological importance of EACH of the following in vegetative propagation: i) ii) leaf petioles; roots. 6 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Total Mark ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………. Please turn over/….. 7 MARKS Q4 a) State FOUR distinct criteria to be used when selecting rootstocks for chip budding ornamental trees. 4 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Please see over/….. 8 MARKS b) Describe the propagation of a NAMED tree by the chip budding technique, up until the point of callus. 6 ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ******* 9 Total Mark DO NOT USE THIS PAGE 10 DO NOT USE THIS PAGE 11 ©These questions are the property of the Royal Horticultural Society. They must not be reproduced or sold. The Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Woking, Surrey GU23 6QB. Charity Registration Number: 222879/SC038262 12 R3104 UNDERSTANDING APPLIED PLANT PROPAGATION Level 3 Wednesday 12 February 2014 Candidates Registered Candidates Entered Candidates Absent Candidates Deferred Candidates Withdrawn Q1 98 55 8 12 23 56.12% 8.16% 12.25% 23.47% Total Candidates Passed Passed with Commendation Passed Failed 41 5 36 14 74.55% 9.10% 65.45% 25.45% a) Identify TWO distinct propagation facilities for softwood cuttings giving ONE NAMED plant example suitable for EACH, by completing the table below. b) Describe how propagation facilities maintain the turgor of cuttings. To obtain full marks in part a), the candidate was required to include two named plant examples in full botanical Latin that are suited to the propagation environments created by the two distinct propagation facilities. The aim of the question was to test the understanding of the candidate in respect of the desired propagation requirement for rooting softwood cuttings and for the candidate to select plant examples that are vegetatively propagated and root from softwood cuttings. Examples of a propagation facility included a mist unit and low polythene tunnels. Plant examples for each included Fuchsia megellanica and Lavandula angustifolia. Part b) of the question required the candidate to concentrate on propagation facilities and how the selection of the correct facilities and their manipulation maintains cuttings turgor. This question did not require the candidate to provide an in depth description of turgor. Candidates referring to facilities such as mist and polythene tents, control mechanisms such as an electronic leaf or humidity sensors and the use of shading, screens and ventilation and how these interact to maintain cutting turgor, were awarded marks. 13 Q2 a) Explain the functions of the following in seed germination: i) ii) iii) testa; micropyle; radicle. b) Describe ONE technique used to overcome hard seed coat dormancy for a NAMED plant example. Part a) required the candidate to understand the role of the testa, micropyle and radicle together with the part they play in seed germination. Good answers expressed an understanding of the hard seed coat and the protection afforded to the embryo by the testa. Candidates who referred to the fact that water enters through a small hole in the testa (the micropyle) marking the first stage of germination were awarded marks and those who correctly identified that the radicle is the embryonic root system which first anchors the seed and then begins the process of independently taking in moisture and nutrients. The question did not require the candidate to describe the process of germination. To obtain full marks for part b), the candidate was required to select the appropriate named plant example to describe both scarification and stratification. Candidates who selected a plant example such as Lathyrus odoratus, described a process of reducing the hard seed coat through the use of hot water, sandpaper or chipping and then stated that the technique is called stratification rather than scarification gained fewer marks. Remembering that scarification requires the seed to be scarred in some way might help the candidate to recall which term is correct. Other examples suchs as Rosa canina and Acer palmatum were accepted. Q3 a) Name ONE plant that can be propagated from EACH of the following: i) ii) leaf petiole cuttings; root cuttings. b) Describe ONE technique used to overcome hard seed coat dormancy for a NAMED plant example. c) Describe the physiological importance of EACH of the following in vegetative propagation: i) ii) leaf petioles; roots. 14 This question required the candidate to select the appropriate named plant associated with each cutting type. For full marks the plant name must be written in botanical Latin. Examples included Peperomia caperata or Papaver orientale. Part b) required the candidate to write down two appropriate propagation facilities such as: closed case, mist, fog and polythene tunnel. There is an expectation at Level 3 that the candidate’s knowledge goes beyond the use of a plastic bag and a three and a half inch pot when identifying propagation facilities. Part c) required the candidate to understand why both some leaf petioles and roots when placed into the appropriate propagation environment develop new roots and shoots from which new plants are produced. This question did not require the candidate to describe the propagation process to include growing media, environment and facilities. The candidates who described callus formation, and adventitious bud development were awarded marks. In answering part c), it is important to remain focussed on the cutting types and not the description of the role of soft and hardwood cuttings or the role roots play once a cutting has rooted. Q4 a) State FOUR distinct criteria to be used when selecting rootstocks for chip budding ornamental trees. b) Describe the propagation of a NAMED tree by the chip budding technique, up until the point of callus. This question asked for the understanding the candidate has of the relationship between rootstock and scion. Good answers included references to compatibility, vigour, environmental benefits, ripeness of wood and health status. The question did not require the candidate to focus only on the rootstock as the criteria selected should relate to the tree the candidate has in mind to be budded. To obtain high marks in part b) a named plant example using botanical Latin that is propagated by chip budding should be described such as Acer plantinoides ‘Crimson King’. Candidates who confused chip with T budding could not be awarded maximum marks. Good answers focused on rootstock establishment, carpentry and aftercare but those candidates who described plant husbandry post callus achieved fewer marks. 15 ©These questions are the property of the Royal Horticultural Society. They must not be reproduced or sold. The Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, Woking, Surrey GU23 6QB. Charity Registration Number: 222879/SC038262 16
