Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
1
Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris
cano (3), cecini, cantum - sing of
Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit
fatum - fate
profugus (adj. here) - making one’s escape, fleeing
Lavinius - of Lavinium
litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto
litus litoris (n) - shore
iacto (1) - buffet, toss about
altum (a substantive from altus) - the (deep) sea
vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram;
vis (f) - force (irreg; vi is abl.)
superi superorum (m.pl.) - the gods above
superum = superorum
saevus - cruel
memor memoris + gen. - mindful of,
remembering; (OLD 5) unforgetting
ob + acc. - on account of, because of
patior (mix), passus sum - suffer
dum - until
condo (3), condidi, conditum hide; found
multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem,
5
ora - shore
inferretque deos Latio; genus unde Latinum,
infero, inferre, intuli, inlatum - bring... into, introduce
unde - from where (supply ‘came’)
Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae.
Albanus - Alban, of Alba
Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso,
moenia moenium (n.pl.) - walls, city
memoro (1) - remind of, speak of, mention
numen numinis (n) - divine power or
spirit
laedo (3), laesi, laesum - injure
quidve dolens, regina deum tot volvere casus
insignem pietate virum, tot adire labores
altus - high
genus generis (n) - race
10
-ve - or
doleo (2) - feel pain or sorrow, grieve, be upset (quid is internal acc. ‘feeling what pain’)
deum = deorum
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - roll; OLD 2
bring round (events) in due course, ‘go through a cycle of...’
casus (4) - something
that happens, fortune, experience, disastrous event, misfortune
10. insignis distinguished, outstanding, remarkable
pietas pietatis (f) - loyalty, sense of duty,
devoted service
adeo - go to; (OLD 11) meet, undergo, submit to
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae?
impello (3), impuli, impulsum - compel (here + acc. and infin.)
caelestis - heavenly
animus - heart, spirit, mind
Urbs antiqua fuit (Tyrii tenuere coloni)
antiquus - ancient
colonus - colonist
Tyrius - of Tyre
Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe
contra + acc. - opposite to
off
ostia, dives opum studiisque asperrima belli,
ostium - river-mouth
studium - pursuit
quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam
2
15
tenuere = tenuerunt
longe (adv., but in practice adjectival with ostia) - far
dives divitis - rich
opes opum (f.pl.) - wealth
asper aspera asperum - rough, harsh, fierce
fero ferre - say
posthabita coluisse Samo: hic illius arma,
posthabeo (2) - put second, regard as inferior
colo (3), colui, cultum - tend, love,
cherish
Samos Sami (f) - the island of Samos
hic - here
hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse,
currus (4) - chariot
dominion over...’
si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fovetque.
si qua - (OLD C9) if by any chance, in any way
sino (3), sivi, situm - allow
iam tum - already then, even then
tendo (3), tetendi, tentum - tend, promote
foveo (2), fovi, fotum - nurse, warm, cherish, nourish
progenies (5) - offspring; family, stock, ‘a breed of men’
sed enim - but (that
was in question) for; but in fact
duco (3), duxi, ductum - produce
Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci
audierat, Tyrias olim quae verteret arces;
20
20. olim - one day
regnum - realm, (OLD 4) political dominion, ‘the power with
gens gentis (f) - nation
verto (3), verti, versum - turn, overturn
arx arcis (f) - citadel
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
3
hinc populum late regem belloque superbum
hinc - from here; from this (i.e. ‘from this Trojan’)
rex regis (m) - king; (as applied to a country) - ruling over
venturum excidio Libyae: sic volvere Parcas.
excidium - destruction
excidio (predicative dat.) + dat. - (for a) destruction to
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - roll, unroll, bring round (used absolutely - OLD 2)
Parcae (f.pl.) - the Fates
metuo (3), metui - fear
Saturnia - daughter of Saturn, i.e. Juno
Id metuens, veterisque memor Saturnia belli,
prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis
(necdum etiam causae irarum saevique dolores
ad + acc. - at
carus - dear, beloved
important city in the Peloponnese in Greece
25
exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum
late - far and wide
l. r. - ‘widely ruling’
Argi Argorum (m.pl.) - Argos, an
necdum - nor yet, and not yet
etiam - still, yet, even now necdum etiam - and
still even now...not
saevus - savage
dolor doloris (m) - pain, resentment
excido (3), excidi - fall out or from
maneo (2), mansi, mansum - stay, remain
altus - deep, ‘deep in’
repono (3), reposui, repositum - put aside, store up
(repostum = repositum)
iudicium - judgment
sperno (3), sprevi, spretum - despise, spurn
forma - beauty
iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae,
et genus invisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores) -
genus generis (n) - race (the Trojans)
invisus - hated
rapio (mix), rapui, raptum - seize, steal away (rapti agrees with Gan.)
his accensa super iactatos aequore toto
accendo (3), accendi, accensum - inflame, incense
aequor aequoris (n) - sea, surface of the sea
Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli,
30
30. reliquiae (f.pl.) - remains, relics, the leavings
Greeks
immitis - cruel, harsh, ruthless
or Achilli)
super (adv.) - as well (with his)
Danai (Danaum is gen. pl.) - the
Achilles (the gen. is either Achillis
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
4
arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos
arceo (2) - keep away, ward off
errabant acti fatis maria omnia circum.
ago (3), egi, actum - drive
Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem.
moles molis (f) - a great mass, bulk, difficulty (tantae molis is characteristic gen. - ‘it
was (a task) of such difficulty to...’
Vix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum
vela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant,
vix - scarcely
conspectus (4) - sight, view
Siculus - Sicilian
tellus telluris (f) - earth, land
altum - the (deep) sea
35
velum - sail
vela do - set sail
spuma - spume, spray
sal salis (m) - salt
aes aeris (n) - bronze, ‘the bronze prow’
ruo (3), rui, rutum - rush, make or cause
to rush, ‘churn up’
aeternus (adj.) - for ever
servo (1) - preserve
sub + abl. - under, deep in
pectus pectoris (n) - breast, heart
cum Iuno aeternum servans sub pectore vulnus,
haec secum: 'Mene incepto desistere victam
nec posse Italia Teucrorum avertere regem?
Talia flammato secum dea corde volutans
nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus Austris,
longe (adv.) - far
incipio (mix), incepi, inceptum - begin
inceptum - a thing begun, undertaking,
enterprise, attempt
desisto (3), destiti + abl. - cease from
vinco (3), vici, victum - beat, conquer
38 averto (3), averti, aversum - turn aside, divert
50
flammo (1) - set fire to
cor cordis (n) - heart
voluto (1) - turn over, ponder
nimbus - cloud locus (pl. either loci or loca) - place (the difference between the
plurals is that loci is used for single places, and loca for connected places i.e. a region)
fetus (adj.) + abl. - full of
furens furentis - mad, raging
Auster Austri - the south wind
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
5
Aeoliam venit. Hic vasto rex Aeolus antro
antrum - cave
luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras
luctor (1) - struggle
imperio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat.
imperium - command; supreme authority; the exercise of authority, rule, discipline
premo (3), pressi, pressum - confine, control
vinclum = vinculum - chain, bond
carcer carceris (m) - prison, emprisonment
freno (1) - rein in, control
indignor (1) - be angry (at), brood over, be indignant
murmur murmuris (n) murmuring, rumble
Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis
55
sonorus - sounding, roaring
circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce
claustrum - bolt, bar
celsus - high
fremo (3), fremui, fremitum - roar, lament loudly
arx arcis (f) - citadel
sceptra tenens mollitque animos et temperat iras;
sceptrum - sceptre
regulate, restrain
mollio (4) - soothe, soften
Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum
ni = nisi
quippe ferant rapidi secum verrantque per auras.
quippe - indeed, ‘assuredly’
rapidus (of a wind or river) - moving so violently as to
carry off everything in its path
verro (3), verri, versum - sweep; (here OLD 4 )
carry off with irresistible force, sweep along
aura - breeze
60. omnipotens omnipotentis - all-powerful
spelunca - cave
abdo (3), abdidi, abditum - conceal, bury, hide (the winds are object of abdidit )
ater
atra atrum - black
moles molis (f) - mass
insuper (adv.) - above
altus - high
Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris,
hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos
60
ac - and
tempero (1) - rule, direct,
profundus - deep
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
6
imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo
foedus foederis (n) - treaty, contract
certus - fixed
et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas.
premere habenas (OLD 3b) press down the reins (so as to draw them tight)
laxus - loose, ‘free’
habena - rein
habenas dare - give reins to
Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his vocibus usa est:
supplex supplicis - on bended knee, in supplication
(OLD 7)
'Aeole, namque tibi divom pater atque hominum rex 65
namque - nam
et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere vento,
mulceo (2), mulsi, mulsum - touch lightly, stroke, caress, soothe
fluctus (4) - wave
tollo (3), sustuli, sublatum - lift, raise
gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum navigat aequor,
inimicus - hostile (to)
Tyrrhenum aequor - the Tuscan sea, between Corsica and
Sicily
navigo (1) - sail (over)
Ilium in Italiam portans victosque Penates:
Penates, Penatium (m.pl.) - household gods
incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes,
incutio (mix), incussi, incussum + acc. and dat. - strike something into
vis (f; acc. vim) - force, violence
submergo (3), submersi, submersum (also
summ-) - cause to sink, submerge (trans.)
obruo (3), obrui, obrutum - overwhelm
puppis puppis (f) - stern, poop; ship
70. diversus (adj.) - in different directions
disicio (mix), disieci, disiectum - throw apart, scatter
pontus - sea
aut age diversos et disiice corpora ponto.
Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae,
70
bis - twice
vox vocis (f) - voice; words
divus - god (divom is gen. pl.)
praestans praestantis - outstanding
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
7
quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea,
quae = eam quae (supply est) - ‘the one who is ...’ forma - beauty (forma is abl.)
conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo,
conubium - marriage
proprius - one’s own
omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos
omnis with annos
exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem.'
75
iungo (3), iunxi, iunctum - join
stabilis - lasting
dico (1) - set (someone apart), consecrate, call formally
meritum - desert, service
pro + abl. - in return for
exigo (3), exegi, exactum - accomplish; (here) pass time
proles prolis (f) - offspring, children
Aeolus haec contra: 'Tuus, O regina, quid optes
contra (adv.) - in reply
explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est.
exploro (1) - reconnoitre, search out, discover
labor laboris (m) - work, task
capesso (3), capessii, capessitum - take in hand, execute, undertake (government etc.)
fas (indeclin. noun) - right; fas (est) - it is right
quicumque quaecumque quodcumque - whoever, whatever
(after quod.. supply est; regni is partitive gen. with quod. - see Williams)
sceptrum - sceptre, royal power’
concilio (1) - procure, obtain, win over or win the favour of win over (concil. - the pres.
is perhaps best translated as perfect)
epulae (f.pl.) - banquet, feast
accumbo (3), accubui, accubitum - lie down , take one’s place at table
divom = divorum 80. potens potentis + gen. - having power or powerful over (with
pot. supply me)
Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra Iovemque
concilias, tu das epulis accumbere divom,
nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.'
Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversa cuspide montem
80
opto (1) - pray for, desire
cavus - hollow
converto (3), converti, conversum - turn, upturn
cuspis cuspidis (f) - (the pointed end of a) spear
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
impulit in latus: ac venti, velut agmine facto,
qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant.
Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis
una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis
85
Africus, et vastos volvunt ad litora fluctus.
Insequitur clamorque virum stridorque rudentum.
Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra.
praesentemque viris intentant omnia mortem.
impello (3), impuli, impulsum - strike or beat against (OLD 1)
latus lateris (n) side (in latus - against the side) velut - just as if
agmen agminis (n) - column,
company (military term) (agm. fact. - in military formation)
qua - where
porta - gate, outlet
ruo (3), rui, rutum - rush forth (but in 85 ruo is
trans. - churn up, disturb violently - OLD B9b)
turbo turbinis (m) - whirlwind,
hurricane
perflo (1) - blow through
incumbo (3), incubui, incubitum + dat. - lie or settle upon, press on incubuere =
incubuerunt
totum - supply mare from mari
sedes sedis (f) - home
imus - deepest, lowest, bottom of
una - altogether
Eurus - the East Wind
Notus - the South Wind
creber crebra crebrum - frequent (in line 90); packed with, full of (OLD 4)
procella - squall
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - send rolling
fluctus (4) - wave
insequor (3), insecutus sum - pursue, hound, persecute; (here) ensue, follow
virum = virorum
stridor stridoris (m) - screech
rudens rudentis (m) - halyard,
sheet
eripio (mix), eripui, ereptum - snatch from
nubes nubis (f) - cloud
dies (5) - daylight
Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque
Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether,
8
pontus - sea
90
incubo (1), incubui, incubitum - settle upon
90. intono (1), intonui - thunder
mico (1), micui - flash, flicker
intonuere = intonuerunt
polus - pole, heaven
aether aetheris (m) - the upper air
praesens, praesentis - present, ‘close’, ‘tangible’
intento (1) - hold out; point weapons etc in a threatening manner
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
9
Extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra:
extemplo - at once
intrans.) dissolve
ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas
ingemo (3), ingemui, ingemitum - groan
duplex duplicis - double, both
tendo (3), tetendi, tentum - stretch
sidus sideris (n) - star
palma - palm, hand
talia voce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati,
referre, rettuli, relatum - reply (OLD 12b, perhaps in response to the storm)
ter - three times
quater - four times
beatus - blessed, happy
quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis
95
contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis
non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere dextra,
saevus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens
scuta virum galeasque et fortia corpora volvit!'
os oris (n) - mouth, face
moenia, moenium (n.pl.) - walls, city
contingit (3), contigit + dat. - it is one’s good fortune
oppeto (3), oppetii or ivi, oppetitum - meet one’s end (prematurely)
gens gentis (f) - race
Tydides Tydidae (m) - Diomedes (son of Tydeus)
Iliacus - of Ilium
occumbo (3), occubui, occubitum + dat. - meet with (death), fall dying
campus - plain
anima - soul, spirit (hanc is deictic - he points to himself - translate as ‘my’)
effundo (3), effudi, effusum - pour out
dextra - (right) hand
Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis
Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis
quis = quibus (dat.)
altus - high
solvo (3), solvi, solutum - loose, relax; (the passivre makes it
frigus frigoris (n) - cold
membrum - limb
saevus - savage, cruel
Aeacides, Aeacides - Achilles (a descendant of Aeacus)
telum - spear
iaceo (2) - lie dead
100
100. Simois Simoentis (m) - the Simois, a tributary of the Scamander river in the Troad
corripio (mix), corripui, correptum - snatch at, seize hold of, carry off
unda - wave
scutum - shield
virum = virorum
galea - helmet
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - roll along, send rolling
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
10
Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella
iacto (1) - cry out (the dative refers to Aeneas)
strido (3) - screech
Aquilo Aquilonis (m) - north wind
procella - squall
velum adversa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit.
velum - sail
ferio (4) - strike
Franguntur remi; tum prora avertit, et undis
frango (3), fregi, fractum - break (transitive - the passive makes the sense intrans.)
remus - oar
prora - prow
averto (3), averti, aversum - turn aside (trans. and
intrans, as here - Austin ‘lurches round’)
latus lateris (n) - side
insequor (3), insecutus sum - follow up
cumulus - heap, pile, mass
praeruptus - steep, sheer
dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae mons. 105
adversus (adj.) - opposing, ‘full on’ (lit. ‘turned to’)
tollo (3), sustuli, sublatum - lift, raise
Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens
summus - top of, surface of
pendeo (2), pependi - hang
dehisco (3), dehivi - gape, yawn open
terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis.
aperio (4), aperui, apertum - open, reveal
furo (3) - rage
aestus (4) - tide, surge, swell
harena - sand
Tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet
tris = tres (supply naves, also in 110)
Notus - south wind
abripio (mix), abripui, abreptum - snatch, take violently away
saxum - rock
lateo (2) - lie hid
torqueo (2), torsi, tortum - turn, twist, whirl
quae - supply sunt
ara - altar
(saxa vocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus aras—
dorsum immane mari summo), tris Eurus ab alto
in brevia et Syrtis urget, miserabile visu,
110
110. dorsum - reef
sea
immanis - huge, cruel
mari summo - on the surface of the
brevia - (n.pl. substantive from brevis) shallows
Syrtes Syrtium (f.pl.) - the Syrtes, two areas of sandy flats betetween Carthage and
Cyrene, proverbially dangerous to shipping; sandbanks (here)
urgeo (2), ursi, ursum - impel, press on
miserabilis - pathetic
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
inliditque vadis atque aggere cingit harenae.
inlido (3), inlisi, inlisum - strike against (transitive - supply naves)
vada (n.pl.) shallows
agger aggeris (m) - mound, bank, barrier
cingo (3), cinxi, cinctum surround
fidus - faithful
veho (3), vexi, vectum - carry, convey
Unam, quae Lycios fidumque vehebat Oronten,
ipsius ante oculos ingens a vertice pontus
in puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister
ipsius (gen.) refers to Aeneas
vertice - from its height
115
volvitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem
torquet agens circum, et rapidus vorat aequore vertex.
Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto,
arma virum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas.
Iam validam Ilionei navem, iam fortis Achati,
et qua vectus Abas, et qua grandaevus Aletes,
11
puppis puppis (f) - stern, poop (puppim is acc.)
ferio (4) - strike
excutio (mix), excussi, excussum - shake off or from
pronus - head first
magister magistri - helmsman
ast = at - but
ter - thrice
ibidem - in the same place
torqueo (2), torsi, tortum - turn, twist
ago (3), egi, actum - drive
rapidus - tearing, rushing, strong-flowing
voro (1) - devour
vertex, verticis (m) - eddy, whirling column, swirl
appareo (2) - appear
rarus (adj.) - scattered, here and there
no (1) - swim
gurges gurgitis (m) - the open ,tossing sea
virum = virorum
120
vertex verticis (m) - summit, peak, head, ‘crown’; a
tabula - plank
120. validus - sturdy
qua = eam qua
by sea, sail
Ilioneus Ilionei
gaza - treasure
Achates Achatae
vehor (3), vectus sum (passive of veho, a sort of deponent) - travel
grandaevus - aged
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
vicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes
12
hiems hiemis (f) - storm
laxus - loosened
latus lateris (n) - side, hull
compages compagis (f) - framework
omnes - supply naves
accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt.
123
inimicus - hostile
imber imbris (m) - sea-water
fatisco (1) - open in chinks, gape
Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu
157
defessus - weary
proximus - nearest
litus litoris (n) - shore (with quae lit.
prox. supply sunt)
cursus (4) - course, speed (cursu with petere - ‘in speedy
course’)
contendo (3), contendi, contentum - contend, strive
peto (3), petii/-ivi, petitum seek, make for
vertor (3), versus sum - turn
ora - shore
contendunt petere, et Libyae vertuntur ad oras.
Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum
efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto
frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos.
Hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur
in caelum scopuli, quorum sub vertice late
aequora tuta silent; tum silvis scaena coruscis
secessus (4) - retreat, inlet
160
rima - crack
portus (4) - harbour
160. efficio (mix.), effeci, effectum - achieve, realize, successfully build
obiectus (4) - an interposing, barrier
latus lateris (n) - side
(obie. lat. - ‘by the interposing of its sides’)
quibus - ‘on which’
omnis with unda
altum - the (deep) sea
frango (3), fregi, fractum - break (the
passive makes this sense intrans.)
sinus (4) - bay or ripple (see Austin or
Williams)
scindo (3), scidi, scissum - cut, divide, split
reductus (past partic. of reduco) - receding, deeply set back (of a valley or inlet)
hinc - from (on) this side
rupes rupis (f) - rock, crag
geminus - twin, ‘pair of’
minor (1) - threaten, ‘lower’
scopulus - rock, crag
vertex verticis (m) - head, summit, peak late - far and wide
tutus - safe, ‘sheltered’
sileo (2) - be still and silent
coruscus - gleaming; quivering
scaena - stage, backdrop
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra. 165
Fronte sub adversa scopulis pendentibus antrum,
desuper (adv.) - from above
horrens horrentis - dreadful, awful
ater atra atrum - dark, black
nemus nemoris (n) - wood, grove
immineo (2) + dat. - threaten, loom over, overhang
umbra - shadow
frons frontis (f) - cliff-face
adversus - opposite
pendeo (2), pependi - hang
antrum - cave (supply est)
intus aquae dulces vivoque sedilia saxo,
intus (adv.) - within
saxum - rock
nympharum domus: hic fessas non vincula navis
non...ulla = nulla
ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu.
uncus - curved, hooked
Huc septem Aeneas collectis navibus omni
170
13
dulcis - sweet
vivus - living
sedile sedilis (n) - seat
vinculum - chain, cable
alligo (1) - bind, fasten, secure
morsus (4) - bite
170. huc - to this place
colligo (3), collegi, collectum - collect
ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore
subeo, subire - move up to
tellus telluris (f) - earth
egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena,
egredior (mix), egressus sum - leave, disembark
potior (4) + abl. - gain control or possession of
opto (1) - long for
et sale tabentis artus in litore ponunt.
sal salis (m. - but sometimes n. in sing.) - salt, brine
artus (4) - limb
tabeo (2) - drip
Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates
silex silicis (m/f- silici is an altern. abl.) - rock, flint
excudo (3), excudi, excusum - hammer or strike out
scintilla - spark
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
succepitque ignem foliis, atque arida circum
175
suscipio (mix), suscepi, susceptum - take up, ‘catch’
aridus - dry
circum (adv.) - all about
14
folium - leaf
nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam.
nutrimentum - fuel
rapio (mix), rapui, raptum - seize
fomes fomitis (m) - tinder, chips of wood etc. for kindling or feeding a fire
Tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma
Ceres Cereris (f) - Ceres, goddess of the corn; corn
corrumpo (3), corrupi
corruptum - ruin, destroy, spoil
Cer. arma - the culinary tools for preparing corn
expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas
expedio (4) - make or get ready
fruges frugum (f.pl.) - meal, corn
fessi rerum - ‘worn out with everything’ (Austin)
recipio (mix), recepi, receptum - get back, recover
et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo.
179
torreo (2), torrui, tostum - burn, scorch, ‘toast’
Et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo
223
finis finis (m) - end
despiciens mare velivolum terrasque iacentis
litoraque et latos populos, sic vertice caeli
aether aetheris (m) - sky, heaven
despicio (mix) despexi, despectum - look down
sails iacens iacentis - lying spread out
225
litus litoris (n) - shore
caelum - sky
latus - far flung
constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis.
consisto (3), constiti - stop, halt
lumen luminis (n) - light, eye
Atque illum talis iactantem pectore curas
atque - and
iacto (1) - hurl, utter vehemently
cura - anxiety, care
summus - highest
velivolus -a -um - flying with
vertex verticis (m) - highest point
defigo (3), defixi, defixum - cast down, fix
regnum - kingdom, realm
pectus pectoris (n) - breast, heart
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentis
tristis - sad
lacrima - tear
nitens nitentis - shining
adloquitur Venus: 'O qui res hominumque deumque
adloquor (3), adlocutus sum - speak to, address
deum = deorum
aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres,
230
15
sufficio (mix), suffeci, suffectum - suffuse
qui = tu qui - you who
230. aeternus - everlasting
rego (3), rexi, rectum - rule, govern
fulmen fulminis (n) - thunderbolt terreo (2) - terrify, frighten
quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum,
quid - what?
in + acc. - against, towards
commissum - commit (a crime)
quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis,
Tros Trois (m) - Trojan potuere = potuerunt
quibus is dat. pl. - it expresses
those to whom the world was barred
tot - so many
funus funeris (n) - death
patior (mix), passus sum - suffer
cunctus (adj.) - the whole of ob + acc. - on account of orbis orbis (m) - circle;
orbis terrae or terrarum - the whole world
claudo (3), clausi, clausum - close,
enclose; (here - see OLD 3b, quoting this) make inaccessible to
certe - certainly
hinc - from here
olim - one day
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - roll (the pres. partic is intrans. - ‘as the years roll by’)
cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis?
Certe hinc Romanos olim, volventibus annis,
hinc fore ductores, revocato a sanguine Teucri,
qui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent,
pollicitus, quae te, genitor, sententia vertit?
committo (3), commisi,
235 fore is the future infin. of sum (after pollicitus - see below)
ductor ductoris (m) leader revoco (1) - renew, restore (Austin says that revocatus means ‘brought to
life again) a + abl. - from
sanguis sanguinis (m) - blood
Teucer Teucri
(m) - Teucer (a Trojan king)
dicio dicionis (f) - power, jurisdiction, ‘sway’
polliceor (2), pollicitus sum - promise (after pollicitus supply es)
genitor genitoris
(m) - father
sententia - opinion, thought
verto (3), verti, versum - change
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
Hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristisque ruinas
hoc (abl.) - ‘with this’ (the thought of the Roman future)
equidem is used with ego
either expressed or implied (as here) for emphasis - I for my part, personally speaking, I
occasus (4) - fall tristis - sad ruina - ruin, destruction
solor (1) - console oneself for
fatum - fate, destiny
contrarius - opposing
rependo (3), rependi, repensum - weigh or balance against
solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens;
nunc eadem fortuna viros tot casibus actos
16
240
240. fortuna - fortune, good fortune, (here) ill fortune
tot - so many
casus (4) - misfortune
ago (3), egi, actum - drive, ‘harry’
insequitur. Quem das finem, rex magne, laborum?
insequor (3), insecutus sum - follow, pursue, ‘dog’
labor laboris (m) - work, toil and trouble
Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achivis,
Antenor Antenoris - Antenor
medius - middle of, midst of
elabor (3), elapsus sum - slip away or escape from
Achivi, Achivorum (m.pl.) - the Achaeans, the Greeks
Illyricus - Illyrian (Ill. sin. - the Dalmatian coast)
penetro (1) - make one’s way
into
sinus (4) - bay
intimus - inmost, innermost
tutus - safe
Illyricos penetrare sinus, atque intima tutus
regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timavi,
unde per ora novem vasto cum murmure montis
it mare proruptum et pelago premit arva sonanti.
Hic tamen ille urbem Patavi sedesque locavit
Liburni - a people of Illyria
supero (1) - pass or sail by
245
finis finis (m) - end
fons fontis (m) - spring, water from a spring
unde - from where os oris (n) - mouth
murmuring, rumble
novem - 9
murmur murmuris (n) -
prorumpo (3), prorupi, proruptum - burst forth; (here in a transitive meaning OLD 2b) cause to burst forth, force out, emit
prorupt. - ‘bursting forth’
pelagus pelagi (n) - sea
premo (3), pressi, pressum - press upon, crush
arvum - land, field
sonans sonantis - noisy, ‘thundering’, ‘raucous’
hic - here
Patavium - modern Padua
sedes sedis (f) - seat, home
loco (1) - place, set, found
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
17
Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit, armaque fixit
gens gentis (f) - nation, people
Troia; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit:
placidus - quiet, peaceful
compono (3), composui, compositum put together, (here) calm down
compostus = compositus
quiesco (3),quievi, quietum - grow still, rest
250. progenies (5) - offspring
adnuo (3), adnui, adnutum - nod in assent; (here,
OLD 4) grant, concede, promise
arx arcis (f) - citadel
nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem,
250
figo (3), fixi, fixum - put up
navibus (infandum!) amissis, unius ob iram
infandus - unspeakable, wicked
amitto (3), amisi, amissum - lose
unius is gen. of unus
ob + acc. - on account of
prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris.
prodo (3), prodidi, proditum - betray
Italus - Italian
disiungo (3), disiunxi disiunctum - separate, keep apart
Hic pietatis honos? Sic nos in sceptra reponis?'
pietas pietatis (f) - loyalty, sense of duty
honos honoris (m) - honour (i.e. ‘reward
for...’)
sceptrum - sceptre, sovereignty
repono (3), reposui, repositum - put
back into a former position, restore a person to a former status or condition (OLD 4,
quoting this)
olli = illi, the dat. fem. sing. of ille
subrideo (2) + dat. - smile at
sator satoris (m) - father
atque - and
Olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum,
vultu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat,
255
vultus (4) - face, features, expression
storm
sereno (1) - brighten, calm
caelum - sky
longe - far
ora - shore
tempestas tempestatis (f) -
oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur:
osculum - kiss
libo (1) - touch, bestow
dehinc - then talia - such things, the following
'Parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum
parco (3), peperci, parsum + dat. - spare, cease from
metus (4) - fear (metu is
dat. here)
Cytherea = Venus of Cythera, the island on whose shores she rose from
the sea
maneo (2), mansi, mansum - remain
immotus - unchanged
cerno (3), crevi, cretum - see
promitto (3), promisi, promissum - promise
nata - daughter
(for) (1), fari, fatus sum - speak
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
18
fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lavini
Lavinium - Lavinium
moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli
moenia moenium (n.pl.) - walls, city
sublimis - high
fero, ferre, tuli, latum carry, take
sidus sideris (n) - star
caelum - heaven, sky
magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia vertit.
260
260. magnanimus - great-hearted
verto (3), verti , versum - change
sententia - argument, opinion
hic - he (Aeneas)
(for) (1), fari, fatus sum - speak
quando - since
cura - care, concern
remordeo (2), remordi, remorsun - bite back; gnaw, nag
persistently
longe - far
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - roll, unnroll a book
arcanus - secret
arcanum - a secret moveo (2), movi, motum - move; put into
action, bring to reality (Austin - start up or put into words; Williams - bring to light)
gero (3) gessi, gestum - wage (war)
ferox ferocis - warlike, brave
Hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet,
longius et volvens fatorum arcana movebo)
bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces
contundo (3), contudi, contusum - crush, bruise, subdue utterly
mos moris (m) - custom (in pl. - character, morals)
moenia moenium (n.pl.) - walls,
city
ponere = imponere - impose
dum - until
regnare (1) - reign
aestas aestatis (f) - summer
contundet, moresque viris et moenia ponet,
tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit aestas,
265
ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis.
ternus - third
(quarters)
At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo
at - but
transeo transire transii - pass
hiberna (castra - n.pl.) - winter
subigo (3), subegi, subactum - subdue
cognomen, cognominis (n) - an (added) name
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
additur (Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno)
triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbis
imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lavini
270
19
Ilus - a name of Ascanius, referring to his Trojan background; Troy = Ilium
Ilius - of Troy
res Ilia - the Trojan state
sto (1) steti - stand firm
regnum - sovereignty
volvendus - the gerundive acts as a present passive partic., making the transitive verb
intrans.)
mensis mensis (m) - month
orbis orbis (m) - circle, cycle;
magnus orbis - a year (OLD 15b)
270. imperium - command, rule
expleo (2), explevi, expletum - fulfil, complete
sedes sedis (f) - seat
transferet, et longam multa vi muniet Albam.
transfero, transferre, transtuli, translatum - transfer, remove
vi is abl.)
munio (4) - fortify, build strongly
Hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos
ter - three times
(regnabitur is impersonal passive; literally ‘it wlll be reigned’;
not literally - ‘kings will rule...’
gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos,
Hectoreus - of Hector i.e. Trojan
donec - until
regina - queen
sacerdos, sacerdotis (f) - priestess
Marte gravis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem.
gravis - heavy, pregnant
Mars Martis - Mars, the god of war
geminus - twin
partus (4) - the action of giving birth;
do (1), dedi, datum - produce
proles prolis (f) - offspring, progeny
inde - after that, then
lupa - she-wolf
fulvus - tawny
nutrix nutricis (f) - nurse
tegmen tegminis (n) - covering, ‘skin’
laetus - glad, rejoicing in
excipio (mix), excepi, exceptum - welcome
Mavortius - of Mars
condo (3), condidi, conditum - found
Inde lupae fulvo nutricis tegmine laetus
Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mavortia condet
moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet.
275
de + abl. - from
dico (3), dixi, dictum - call, name
vis (f) - force (irreg;
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
20
His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono;
meta - turning-post (in a race-track); boundary, limit
imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Iuno,
imperium - empire
sine + abl. - without
finis finis (m) - end
quin - in fact, ‘and what is more’ (Austin) asper aspera asperum - rough, cruel, harsh
quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, 280
280. metus (4) - fear
consilia in melius referet, mecumque fovebit
consilium - plan refero referre, rettuli, relatum - bring back, cause to revert (OLD
15) ‘in melius ref.’ - amend her plans for the better’
foveo (2), fovi, fotum - nurse, warm, coddle, warmly support
rerum - ‘of the world’
togatus - dressed in the toga
Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam:
sic placitum. Veniet lustris labentibus aetas,
Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar,
imperium oceano, famam qui terminet astris,
fatigo (1) - weary, harry, harrass
placeo (2) + dat. - please (also used as a deponent, so placitum est means ‘it pleased’,
‘it was decided’) lustrum - a period of five years; (here used vaguely of a long
period - OLD 3c) ‘the long years’
labor (3), lapsus sum - glide by, flow on
aetas aetatis (f) - era, age, generation (OLD 8)
clarus - renowned
Mycenae Mycenarum (f.pl.) - Mycenae
cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas
servitio premet, ac victis dominabitur Argis.
pono = impono - impose
285
servitium - slavery, servitude
premo (3), pressi, pressum - suppress
vinco (3), vici, victum - conquer
dominor (1) + abl. - be master of, hold sway over
Argi Argorum (m.pl.) - Argos, an important city in the Peloponnese in Greece
nascor (3), natus sum - be born
pulcher pulchra pulchrum - fine, noble
origo originis (f) - origin, ‘stock’
imperium - authority, empire
astrum - star
fama - fame
termino (1) - limit, bound
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
21
Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo.
demitto (3), demisi, demissum - send down ; past partic. (OLD 12b) - descended by
race or birth (from)
Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum,
olim - one day
the rising sun)
accipies secura; vocabitur hic quoque votis.
290
spolia (n.pl.) - spoils, plunder
onustus - loaded down with
290. securus - free from care
votum - vow, prayer
oriens orientis (m) - the East (lit.
secura - ‘never fear’
voco (1) - call upon
Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis;
asper, aspera, asperum - rough, cruel
mitesco (3) - become milder
cana Fides, et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus,
canus - white, grey-haired
iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis
ius iuris (n) - law
dirus - dreadful, dread
compages compagis (f) - joint
artus - tight
ferro...artis -‘with their close-fastened bars of iron’ (hendiadys and
descriptive abl.)
claudo (3), clausi, clausum - close, enclose
porta - gate
furor furoris (m) madness
impius - unholy
intus (adv.) - within
claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus,
saeva sedens super arma, et centum vinctus aenis
post tergum nodis, fremet horridus ore cruento.'
Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto,
295
saevus - savage
aenus - of bronze
pono (3), posui, positum - put, lay down
saeculum - age
fides (5) - honour, faith, Faith
super + acc. - on top of
vincio, (4), vinxi, vinctum - bind
post + acc. - behind
tergum - back
nodus - knot
fremo (3), fremui, fremitum - roar
horridus - rough, harsh, grim, dreadful, horrible
cruentus - bloody
aio (defective verb) - say
Maia - the mother of Mercury
gigno (3), genui, genitum - beget
demitto (3), demisi, demissum - send down
altum - a high place (usually in the sky)
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
ut terrae, utque novae pateant Karthaginis arces
novus (novae with Karthaginis) - new
arx arcis (f) - citadel
hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido
hospitium - hospitality
unacquainted with
finibus arceret: volat ille per aera magnum
300
remigium - oarage
ora - shore
Et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni
iussum - order
corda volente deo; in primis regina quietum
cor cordis (n) - heart
accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam.
in + acc. - towards
At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima volvens,
305
pateo (2) - lie open, offer free access
Teucri - Trojans
nescius (+ gen.) - ignorant of,
300. fines finium (f.pl.) - boundaries, territories
volo (1) - fly
aer aeris (m ; acc. aera) - air
remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris.
ala - wing
22
arceo (2) - keep away, keep at bay
citus - quick
pono = depono - lay aside
asto (1), astiti - halt, alight
Poeni - the Carthaginians
in primis - in particular
benignus - kind, kindly
at - but
pius - dutiful, righteous, good
over; ‘mull over’
volvo (3), volvi, volutum - turn
ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque
ut primum - as soon as
lux lucis (f) - light
explorare novos, quas vento accesserit oras,
accedo (3), accessi, accessum - go to, visit, approach
almus - kindly, dear, loving
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
23
qui teneant, nam inculta videt, hominesne feraene,
incultus - neglected, uncultivated (substantival, inculta - a desert)
-ne...-ne - whether...or
fera - wild beast
quaerere constituit, sociisque exacta referre
quaero (3), quaesivi, quaesitum - seek
exigo (3), exegi, exactum - drive out;
(here, OLD 10) inquire into (exacta - ‘what he had found out’)
refero, referre, rettuli, relatum - relate, report
310. classis classis (f) - fleet
convexus - curved (here substantival - ‘the curve’)
nemus nemoris (n) - wood, grove rupes rupis (f) - rock, crag
cavo (1) - hollow out
claudo (3), clausi, clausum - close, enclose
circum (adv.) - around
horrens horrentis - dreadful, awful; quivering
umbra - shadow
Classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata
310
arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris
occulit; ipse uno graditur comitatus Achate,
occulo (3), occului, occultum - hide from view, conceal
gradior (mix), gressus
sum - make one’s way, walk uno - ‘alone’
comitor (1) - accompany (but
comitatus is passive - accompanied)
bini binae bina - two, a set of two, a pair
latus - broad
crispo (1) - brandish (OLD 2, quoting this - Austin and Williams contradict this ‘balancing’
hastile hastilis (n) - shaft of a spear, spear
me fero (OLD 3) - make one’s way, go, proceed
obvius + dat. - facing, meeting,
‘to meet’
bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro.
Cui mater media sese tulit obvia silva,
virginis os habitumque gerens, et virginis arma
315
habitus (4) - appearance, dress
gero (3), gessi, gestum - wear
Spartanae, vel qualis equos Threissa fatigat
vel - or
H. who...
Harpalyce, volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum.
volucer volucris volucre - winged
fuga - flight; (here) rapid movement, speed
(OLD 5)
praevertor (3), praeversus sum - outstrip
qualis - of what sort
qualis... Threissa - like the Thracian girl
fatigo (1) - weary, exhaust, ‘outlast’
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
Namque umeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum
venatrix, dederatque comam diffundere ventis,
nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentis.
320
Ac prior, 'Heus' inquit 'iuvenes, monstrate mearum
24
umerus - shoulder
mos moris (m) - custom, habit (OLD 3a de more in the
customary or traditional way)
habilis - easy to handle or wield
suspendo ( 3), suspendi, suspensum - hang up
arcus (4) - bow
venatrix venatricis (f) - huntress
coma - hair
do (1) dedi, datum + infin. allow to, let
diffundo (3), diffudi, diffusum - spread
320. genu genus (n) - knee
nodus - knot
sinus (4) - the fold of a
garment
colligo (3), collegi, collectum - collect together (see Williams here)
fluo (3), fluxi, fluxum - flow
prior prioris - first
heus is an interjection to attract attention - ho!
monstro (1) - point out
vidistis si quam hic errantem forte sororum,
si quis, qua or quae, quid - if any
si q. ..sororum - ‘if...any of my sisters’
hic - here
forte - by chance, as it happens
succinctam pharetra et maculosae tegmine lyncis,
succinctus (past partic. of succingo) - clothed in, (but here, OLD 3a, - equipped with)
pharetra - quiver
maculosus - spotted, striped tegmen tegminis (n) - clothing,
garment, cover
lynx lyncis (f) - lynx
spumo (1) - foam
aper apri (m) - boar
cursus (4) - course; speed,
running
premo (3), pressi, pressum - press hard upon
contra (adv.) - in reply
ordior (4), orsus sum - begin
aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.'
Sic Venus; et Veneris contra sic filius orsus:
325
'Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum—
nulla...sororum - none of your sisters
O quam te memorem, virgo? Namque haud tibi voltus
quam - how
haud = non
mihi (dat. of agent.) - by me
memoro (1) - mention, address
vultus (4) - expression
namque = nam
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
25
mortalis, nec vox hominem sonat: O, dea certe—
sono (1) - sound, speak
certe - certainly, for sure
an Phoebi soror? an nympharum sanguinis una?—
an introduces a direct quest. with a note of surprise - can it be that...
sanguis sanguinis (m) - blood
sis felix, nostrumque leves, quaecumque, laborem, 330
330. felix felicis - happy, fortunate
levo (1) - lighten, relieve
quicumque quaecumque quidcumque - whoever, whatever (supply es)
et, quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris
tandem emphasizes the question ‘for goodness’ sake !’
ora - shore
iactemur, doceas. Ignari hominumque locorumque
iacto (1) - toss about, buffet
ignarus +gen. - ignorant, unsure of
erramus, vento huc vastis et fluctibus acti:
erro (1) - wander
multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.'
ante = acc. - before, in front of
ara - altar
cado (3), cecidi, casum - fall
hostia - victim
dextra (manus) - right hand
Tum Venus: 'Haud equidem tali me dignor honore; 335
equidem is used with ego either expressed or implied (as here) for emphasis - I for my
part, personally speaking, I
dignor (1) - think ...worthy of (+ abl.)
virginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram,
Tyrius - Tyrian, of Tyre
mos moris (m) - custom, habit
gesto (1) - carry with one, have
purpureoque alte suras vincire cothurno.
purpureus - purple
alte (adv.) - on high
sura - calf of the leg
vincio (4), vinxi, vinctum - bind, encircle
cot(h)urnus - a high boot or buskin, as
used in hunting
orbis orbis (m) - world
doceo (2), docui, doctum - teach, explain
ago (3), egi, actum - drive
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
26
Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem;
Punicus - Punic, Carthaginian
sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello.
fines finium (f.pl.) - boundaries, territories
Libycus - Libyan (supply sunt)
genus generis (n) - race, family
intractabilis - unmanageable, that cannot be dealt
with
340. rego (3), rexi, rectum - rule (OLD 10b imp. reg. - exercise dominion)
proficiscor (3), profectus sum - set out, depart
Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta,
340
germanum fugiens. Longa est iniuria, longae
germanus - brother
ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum.
ambages ambagum (f.pl.; also found in abl. sing. only) - twists and turns, maze-like
route, circuitous path; (metaphorical) ‘complicated story’ summus - highest, ‘main’
sequor (3), secutus sum - follow, ‘go through’
fastigium - roof- top, height; ‘main
point’, ‘outline’
coniunx coniugis - husband
dis ditis (superl.ditissimus) rich, wealthy
aurum - gold
'Huic coniunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus auri
Phoenicum, et magno miserae dilectus amore,
cui pater intactam dederat, primisque iugarat
longus - long-standing
iniuria - injury, harm, wrong
Phoenix Phoenicis - Phoenician
miserae (dat. of agent ) - by the poor woman
(miser is often used of problems in love)
diligo (3), dilegi, dilectum - love
345
intactus - untouched, virgin
iugaverat
iugo (1) - yoke, join in marriage
iugarat =
ominibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus habebat
omen ominis (n) - omen; prima omina - the omen of the marriage ceremony (OLD)
regnum - kingdom
Tyros Tyri (m) - Tyre
Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnes.
scelus sceleris (n) - crime, wickedness
ante + acc. - before, ‘above’, ‘more than’
immanis - huge, awesome; dreadful, frightful
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
27
Quos inter medius venit furor. Ille Sychaeum
inter governs quos (medius,used adverbially, adds to this)
madness
impius ante aras, atque auri caecus amore,
impius - impious, godless
caecus - blind (ed)
clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum
350
ara - altar
furor furoris (m) -
aurum - gold
350. clam - secretly
incautus - off one’s guard
supero (1) - conquer, overcome
securus - free from care; (here) indifferent to, not caring about
germanae; factumque diu celavit, et aegram,
germana - sister
factum - deed
aeger aegra aegrum - sick (with love)
multa malus simulans, vana spe lusit amantem.
multa is intenal acc. with simulans (‘full of pretences’)
simulo (1) - feign, pretend
vanus - empty, false, useless
ludo (3), lusi, lusum - play; (transit. as here, OLD 9)
treat someone without due seriousness, tease, trifle with; trick, deceive
inhumatus - unburied
imago imaginis (f) - vision, ghost
Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati venit imago
coniugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris,
crudeles aras traiectaque pectora ferro
os oris (n) - face
pallidus - pale
355
crudelis - cruel
transfix, pierce
celo (1) - conceal
modus - way, manner
mirus - strange, wondrous
attollo (3) - raise, lift up
traicio (mix), traieci, traiectum - throw across; (OLD 3)
ferrum - iron, sword
nudavit, caecumque domus scelus omne retexit.
nudo (1) - lay bare, disclose, expose
caecus - blind, unseen
retego (3), retexi, retectum - uncover, reveal
Tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet,
celero (1) - hurry, hasten, quicken
excedo (3), excessi, excessum + abl. - depart
from
suadeo (2), suasi. suasum - persuade, counsel
domus is gen..
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
auxiliumque viae veteres tellure recludit
auxilium - help, assistance
via - way, journey
earth
recludo (3), reclusi, reclusum - open up, reveal
28
tellus telluris (f) -
thesauros, ignotum argenti pondus et auri.
His commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat:
360
'Quisquis es, haud, credo, invisus caelestibus auras
387
thesaurus - treasure
ignotus - unknown, i.e. unimaginable, incalculable
argentum - silver
pondus ponderis (n) - weight
360. commoveo (2), commovi, commotum - strongly affect emotionally
387. haud - not invisus - hateful
aura - breeze, air
vitalis carpis, Tyriam qui adveneris urbem.
vitalis (adj.) - of life
Perge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer,
pergo (3) perrexi, perrectum - proceed
limen liminis (n) - threshold, door
Namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam
390
nuntio, et in tutum versis aquilonibus actam,
ni frustra augurium vani docuere parentes.
392
Corripuere viam interea, qua semita monstrat.
418
caelestis - heavenly; god (as substantive)
carpo (3), carpsi, carptum - pluck
modo - only
perfero, perferre, pertuli, perlatum - convey
390. namque = nam
redux reducis (adj.) - returning
refero, referre, rettuli, relatum - bring back
classis classis (f) - fleet
nuntio (1) - report, announce
tutus - safe (tut. is substantival - safety)
verto (3), verti, versum - turn, change (the passive makes these senses intransitive)
aquilo aquilonis (m) - North wind
ago (3), egi, actum - drive
392. ni = nisi
frustra - in vain
augurium - the taking of auguries, augury;
the art of augury vanus - empty, false, useless (vani is adverbial - ‘to no purpose’
docuere = docuerunt
doceo (2), docui, doctum - teach, explain
418. corripio (mix), corripui, correptum - seize, ‘tear into’ corripuere = corripuerunt
qua - whither
semita - path
monstro (1) - show
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi
imminet, adversasque adspectat desuper arces.
collis collis (m) - hill
420
29
plurimus - ‘in a long mass’
420. immineo (2) + dat. - overhang, threaten, loom over
aspecto (1) confront, look at
Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam,
miror (1) - wonder at
moles molis (f) - bulk, massive structure
magalia magalium (n.pl.) - native huts
miratur portas strepitumque et strata viarum.
strepitus (4) - din
streets
Instant ardentes Tyrii: pars ducere muros,
insto (1), institi - press on with, be urgent
ardeo (2), arsi, arsum - burn with
enthusiasm
duco (3), duxi, ductum - lead; build lengths of walls
molirique arcem et manibus subvolvere saxa,
molior (4) - labour at
arx arcis (f) - citadel
roll up
saxum - rock
pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco.
425
sterno (3) stravi, stratum - spread, lay
opto (1) - choose
tectum - building
out
sulcus - trench, furrow
strata viarum - paved
subvolvo (3), subvolvi, subvolutum -
concludo (3), concludi, conclusum - mark
Iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum.
ius iuris (n) - law
magistratus (4) - magistrate
hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris
portus (4) - harbour
effodio (mix), effodi, effossum - dig out
altus - deep, lofty (in 429)
fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas
fundamentum - foundation
immanis - huge
lego (3), legi, lectum - choose
columna - column
Virgil : Aeneid I (lines 1-38, 50–123, 157–179, 223–360, 387–392, 418–438)
A Running Vocabulary prepared by Terry Bird
rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris.
Qualis apes aestate nova per florea rura
30
rupes, rupis (f) - rock, crag, cliff
excido (3), excidi, excisum - hew or cut out
scaena - stage
decus decoris (n) - adornment
430
430. qualis - just like the... which
apis apis (f) - bee
floreus - flowery
rus ruris (n) - countryside
exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos
exerceo (2) - keep busy
educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella
educo (3), eduxi, eductum - escort out
mel mellis (n) - honey
stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas,
stipo (1) - pack distendo (3), distendi, distentum - fill out
cella - cell
aut onera accipiunt venientum, aut agmine facto
onus oneris (n) - burden
agmen agminis (n) - column, company (military term)
(agm. fact. - in military formation, ‘in serried ranks’)
ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent:
435
sol solis (m) - sun
aestas astatis (f) - summer
fetus (4) - offspring liquo (3), liqui - be oozy
ferveo (2), ferbui - boil, seethe, be in a turmoil
fragro (1) - be scented
'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!'
fortunatus - lucky, happy
438
nectar nectaris (n) - honey
ignavus - lazy fucus - drone
pecus pecoris (n) - herd, ‘crew’
praesepe praesepis (n) - hive (literally ‘stall’)
arceo (2) - keep off
fervet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella.
Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis.
adultus - full-grown
fastigium - gable, roof
redoleo (2) - be fragrant
suspicio (mix), suspexi, suspectum - look up at