LANGUAGES
ENGLISH SYLLABUS
FORM 1
1. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
1. Pronunciation
1. English sounds: vowel and consonant sounds .
2. Distinction between English sounds and mother tongue and Kiswahili .
3. Identification of problematic sounds .
4. Mastery of problematic sounds in meaningful contexts e.g. through use of tongue twisters,
songs and poems .
2. Listening Comprehension and note -taking
1. Listening and responding to oral narratives
(trickster and ogre stories) and riddles .
2. Features of trickster and ogre stories, and riddles .
3. Listening and responding to information/articles o n
children\'s rights, child labour, environment, HIV/AIDS and o n
moral values .
3. Mastery of Content
1. Debat e
4. Etiquette
1. Use of courteous language e.g. thank you, excus e
me, sorry, please.
5. Non-verbal cues that enhance listening and speakin g
1. Importance of respecting personal spac e
2. GRAMMAR
1. Parts of speech-Nouns
1. Common nouns
2. Proper nouns
3. Concrete nouns  Count  Non-count
4. Abstrac t nouns
5. Number - Regular and irregular nouns
6. Articles - Definite and indefinite articles Functions of pronouns
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pronouns
Personal pronouns
Possessive pronouns
Reflexive pronouns
Functions of pronouns
3. verbs
1. Lexical - Regular - Irregular verbs
2. Tenses - Simple present tense - Simple past tens e
4.
1.
2.
3.
Adjectives
Comparative and superlative form s
Regular and irregular adjectives
Gradable and non-gradable adjectives
5. Adverbs
1. Adverbs of manner tim e and frequenc y
6. Prepositions
1. Simple prepositions e.g. in, of at
7. Conjunctions
1. Co-ordinating conjunctions (and, but, or)
8. Phrases
1. Constituents and examples of the noun phras e
9. Simple sentences
1. Sentence structure (subject, predicate )
2. Types of sentences - Interrogative - Imperative Exclamatory - Declarative/ affirmative - Negative
3. READING
1. Reading Skills
1. Identification of the learner\'s reading problem s
in silent reading e.g. moving lips, verbalizing words, use o f
fingers and moving the head.
2. Development of good reading habits in: - Silent
reading - Reading aloud - Speed reading
3. Using a dictionary
4. Using the library
2. Intensive Reading
1. Study of poems, plays and short stories .
2. Focus on plot and literary language.
3. Extensive Reading
1. Literary and non-literary materials on contemporary
issues such as: - Children\'s rights - Child labour Environment - HIV/AIDS - Moral values
2. Adventure stories
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fairy tales
Poem
Play s
Novels
Short stories
8. Newspapers / Magazines / Periodical s
4. Comprehension Skills
1. Recall, comprehension and applicatio n
2. Summary and note-making
4. WRITING
1. Handwriting
1. Legibility and tidines s
2. Spelling
1. Spelling rules
3. Building sentence skills and paragraphing
1. Writing clear and correct sentences
2. Structure of the paragraph. - Topic sentences
supporting - Sentences - Clincher sentences - Sequencing of
ideas - Unity in paragraphs
4.
1.
2.
3.
Punctuation
Capitalization
Final punctuation mark s
Commas
5.
1.
2.
3.
Personal writing
Diaries
Addresses
Packing list s
6. Social Writing Informal letters
7. Study Writing
1. Making notes
2. Taking notes
8. Creative Writing
1. Imaginative compositions
2. Poems
9. Institutional Writing
1. Public notices
2. Inventories
* FORM 2
1. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
1. Pronunciation
1.
2.
3.
4.
Further practice on problematic sounds
Stress and intonation
Rhyme in poetry
Word play (puns )
2. Listening Comprehension and Note -taking
1. Listening and responding to 6.2 myths, legends and songs .
2. Features of myths, legends and songs .
3. Listening and responding to information on issues of social responsibility, drug and
substance abuse equal role of men and women Integrity/anti corruption education information
technology
4. Skills of attention and turn taking through use of dialogues .
3. Mastery of content
1. Interviews
4. Etiquette
1. Telephone etiquett e
5. Non-verbal skills in listening and speaking
1. Facial expressions, gestures and eye contact .
2. Bowing/curtsying.
2. GRAMMAR
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nouns
Collective nouns
Compound nouns
Use of phrasal quantifiers e.g. a piece of advic e
Possessives
2. Pronouns
1. Number and person in pronouns .
2. Indefinite pronouns .
3.
1.
2.
3.
Verbs
Auxiliary verbs -primary and modal
Aspect - perfective and progressive
Future time
4. Adjectives
1. Order of adjectives
5. Adverbs
1. Adverbs of place and degree
2. Comparative and superlative forms of adverb s
6. Prepositions
1. Complex prepositions e.g. in spite o f
7. Conjunctions
1. Subordinating conjunctions e.g. because, when, that, whic h
8. Interjections
1. Identification and usage in sentences
9. Phrases
1. Constituents of verb and adverb phrases and example s
10. Clauses
1. Independent and subordinate clauses (relative an d
adverbial clauses).
2. Compound sentences .
3. Complex sentences .
4. Active and passive voice.
3. READING
1. Reading Skills
1. Scanning and skimming.
2. Using reference materials (library, encyclopedi a
and the internet).
3. Interpretive reading.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Intensive reading
Study of novels, plays and poems .
Focus on characterization and themes .
Aspects of style.
3. Extensive reading
1. Literary and non literary materials on contemporary
issues such as: Social responsibility Gender responsiveness Drug and substance abuse
Human right s
2. Biographies
3. Novels
4. Play s
5. Poems
4. Comprehension Skills
1. Recall, comprehension, application and analysis .
2. Summary and note-making.
4. WRITING
1. Spelling
1. Commonly misspelt words
2. Building sentence skills and paragraphin g
1. Sentence variety; using simple, compound and complex sentence s
2. Devices of developing paragraphs Giving reasons/examples com paring and contrasting
Using idiomatic expressions Using facts/statistics Using rhetorical question s
3.
1.
2.
3.
Punctuation
Quotation mark s
Apostrophe
Hyphen
4. Study Writing
1. Summaries
2. Descriptive essay s
5. Creative Writing
1. Imaginative compositions
2. Dialogues
6.
1.
2.
3.
Institutional Writing
Business letters
Posters
Advertisement s
7. Personal Writing
1. Personal journal s
2. Shopping list s
8. Social Writing
1. Invitations
9.
1.
2.
3.
Public Writing
Telephone messages
Filling forms
Letters of apology
* FORM 3
1. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
1.
1.
2.
3.
Pronunciation
Stress and intonation in sentences
Rhythm in poetry
Alliteration and assonance in poetry
2. Listening Comprehension and Note -taking
1. Listening and responding to information on:
HIV/AIDS Rights and responsibilities of citizen s
2. Listening and responding to dilemma and aetiological oral narrative s
3. Features of dilemma and aetiological storie s
4. Receiving and giving instructions
5. Giving directions .
3. Mastery of Content
1. Discussion
2. Speeches
4. Etiquette
1. Appropriate choice of register
5. Non-verbal cues that enhance listening and speaking
1. Appearance and grooming
2. GRAMMAR
1. Parts of SpeechNouns
1. Typical noun derivations
2. Gender - sensitive language
2. Pronouns
1. Pronoun case Subjective and objective
2. Demonstrative pronouns
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Verbs
Transitive and intransitive verbs
infinitives
Phrasal verbs and idiomatic expression s
Participles
4. Adjectives
1. Quantifiers - few, a few, little, a littl e
2. Predicative and attributive adjectives i.e .
position of adjectives
5. Adverbs
1. Formation of adverbs
2. Functions of adverbs (modifiers )
6. Prepositions
1. Distinguishing prepositions from connectors and adverb particles .
7. Conjunctions
1. Correlative conjunctions, e.g. both……and not only..... but also neither…. nor either.... o r
8. Phrases
1. Prepositional and adjectival phrases
9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clauses
Conditional and adjectival clauses
Noun clauses
Compound-complex sentences
Direct and indirect speech Form and usag e
3. READING
1. Reading skills
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Study reading
Note-making
Critical reading
Recognizing attitude and tone
Distinguishing facts from opinions
Interpretive reading
Close reading
2. Intensive reading
1. Study of novels, plays, poems and short storie s
2. Focus on critical analysis of three prescribe d
texts: 1 novel I play I play/novel/anthology of short storie s
3. Focus on oral literature
3. Extensive reading
1. Literary and non- literary materials on contemporary issues such as: Good governance
integrity HIV/AIDS Technological advancemen t
2. Newspapers, Journals and magazines on a variety of subject s
3. Report s
4. Novels
5. Play s
6. Poems
7. Short stories
4. Comprehension Skills
1. Recall, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluatio n
2. Summary and note making
4. WRITING
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Building Sentence Skills and Paragraphing
Cohesion in paragraphs
Using transitional words and phrases
Choice of words
Recurrent words (different words that refer to the same idea in the paragraph )
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Punctuation
Colon
Semi-colon
Das h
Parenthesis
3. Personal writing
1. Reminders
2. Personal journal s
4. Social writing
1. Notes of thanks, congratulations and condolences
2. Telegrams
5. Public writing
1. Letter application
6. Study writing
1. .Synopsis
2. Argumentative essay s
7.
1.
2.
3.
Creating writing
Imaginative compositions
.Play s
.Short stories
8.
1.
2.
3.
Institutional Writing
Notification of meetings
Agenda and minute writing
Memoranda
* FORM 4
1. LISTENING AND SPEAKING
1. Pronunciation
1. Distinguish word class on basis of stres s
2. Use of tone to reveal attitude
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Listening Comprehension and Note -taking Listen and respond to :
Oral poetry
Proverbs
Features of oral poetry and proverbs
Information on poverty eradication
3. Mastery of content
1. Oral report s
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Etiquette
Interrupting and disagreeing politely
Negotiation skill s
Turn-taking
Paying attention (listening)
2. GRAMMAR
1. Parts of Speech - Nouns
1. Functions of nouns in sentences e.g. subject, object, complemen t
2. Pronouns
1. Interrogative pronouns
2. Relative pronouns
3. Verbs
1. Participle phrases
2. Gerunds
4. Adjectives
1. Typical endings of adjectives (e.g. - ful, - less, -ous )
2. Functions of adjectives
5.
1.
2.
6.
1.
Adverbs
Position of adverbs in sentences
Typical endings of adverbs e.g. -ly, -wards, -wise)
Prepositions
Functions of prepositions in sentences
7. Conjunctions
1. Functions of conjunctions in sentence s
8.
1.
2.
3.
Clauses
Inversions
Sentence connectors
Substitution and ellipsi s
3. READING
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Reading Skills
Note-making
Study reading
Critical reading
Interpretive reading
Responsive reading
Recognising attitude and tone
Distinguishing facts from opinions
2. Intensive Reading
1. Focus on critical analysis of prescribed texts: I novel play 1 play/novel/anthology of short
stories
2. Focus on oral literature
3. Extensive Reading
1. Literary and non literary materials on contemporary issues such as: Poverty Eradication
Drug and Substance abus e
2. Journals and magazines on different subject s
3. Novels
4. Short stories
5. Play s
6. Report s
4. Comprehension Skills
1. Summarising and note-making
4. WRITING
1. Building sentence skills and paragraphing
1. Paraphrasing
2. Punctuation
1. Devices for presenting quotations and heading s
3. Personal writing
1. Recipes
4.
1.
2.
3.
Social writing
E-mails
Fax
Instructions to family and friends
5. Public writing
1. Letters of inquiry
2. Letters of reques t
6.
1.
2.
3.
Study writing
Reviews
Expository writing
Questionnaires
7.
1.
2.
3.
Creative writing
Imaginative compositions
Autobiographies
Biographies
8. Institutional writing
1. Curriculum vitae
2. Speeches
KISWAHILI
KIDATO CHA KWANZA
1. KUSIKILIZA NA KUZUNGUMZ A
1. Matamshi bora
1. Kiimbo
2. Shadda
3. Irabu/vokali-/a/,/e/,/i/,/o/,/u/
4. Konsonanti-/b/,/ch/,/d/,/dh/,/f/,/g/,/gh/,/h/,/j/,/k /
,/l/,/m/,/n/,/ng/,/ny/,/p/,/r/,/s/,/sh/,/t/,/th/,/v/,/w/,/y/,/z /
5. Ala za sauti/kutamki a
6. Namna ya kutamka na aina za sauti k. m
ghuna,sighuna/hafifu, vipasuo, vikwamizo n. k
7. Silabi
8. Maneno
9. Vitate k.m baba,papa
10. Vitanza ndim i
2. Maamkizi na mazungumuz o
1. Maamkizi na mazungumuzo ya: (i)Nyumbani (ii)Dukan i
(iii)Mtaani (iv)Sokoni (v)Shuleni
2. Mahojiano k.m mwalimu na mwanafunz i
3. Mijadala k.m umoja na utangamano katika famili a
4. Hotuba
3. Ufahamu wa kusikiliz a
1. Ufahammu wa taarifa za kusikiliz a
4. Kusikiliza na kudadis i
1. Utangulizi wa fasihi:(i)Maana (ii)Aina
2. Fasihi simulizi (i)Hadithi (ii)Semi (iii)Ushair i
3. Maigizo:Yategemee shabaha na muktadha k. m
jandoni,sherehe za arusi n. k
2. SARUFI ZA MATUMIZI YA LUGHA
1. Lugha
1. Maana ya dhima ya lugha
2. Sauti (i)Irabu/vokali (ii)Konsonanti (iii)Mpangili o
wa sauti katika silabi na maneno
3. Vipasho vya lugha:sauti -silabi-neno-sentens i
2. Aina za maneno
1. Aina za maneno(i)Nomino- N (ii)Vitenzi-T
(iii)Viwakilishi-W (iv)Vivumishi-V
(v)Vielezi-E(vi)Viunganishi- U(vii)Vihusishi- U(viii)Vihusishi- I
2. Kubainisha maneno katika tungo k.m Mtoto anali a
3. Ngeli za nomino
1. A-WA,U-I,U-YA-YA-YA,LI-YA,KI-VI,I- ZI, I- I,U - ZI,U- U,KU,
PA-KU-MU
4. Viambishi
1. Maana
2. Aina-awali -Tamat i
5.
1.
2.
3.
Nyakati na hali
Nyakat i
Hali
Ukanushaji kutegemea
6. Mnyambuliko wa vitenz i
1. Viambishi vya mnyambulik o
2. Kauli Za vitenzi (i)Kutenda
(ii)Kutendewa(iii)Kutendeka(iv)Kutendana(v)Kutendea(vi)K utendwa(
vii)Kutendesha
7. Sentensi ya kiswahil i
1. Maana ya sentens i
2. Mpangilio na uhusiano wa maneno kimantiki katik a
sentennsi ya kiswahil i
3. Muundo wa sentens i
4. Sentensi sahili -Upambanuzi wa sentensi sahil i
kuonysha muundo wake kwa njia ya mstari
8. Uakifishaji
1. Alama za kuakifisha: 1.Nukta/kitone/kikomo(.) 2 .
Mkato/kipumuo/kituo/koma(,) 3. Nukta mkato/semi koloni(; )
4.Nukta pacha/nukta mbili/koloni 5.Kiulizi/kiulizo(?) 6. Alam a
hisi(!) 7.Alama mtajo/za kunukuu/za usemi(\"\" )
8.Mkwaju/mshazari(/) 9.Kistari kifupi(-) 10. Kistari (_)
11.Mstari 12.Ritifaa/kibainisha(\')
13.Mabano/vifungo/Parandesi(),[] 14..Herufi kubwa (H) n a
herufi ndogo(h) 15. Herufi nzito (Hh) 16.Herufi
mlazo/italiki(Hh) 17.Nukta za dukuduku/mdikezo(...) 18 .
Kinyota(*)
9. Ukubwa na udogo
10. Umoja na udogo
3. KUSOMA
1.
1.
2.
3.
Kusoma kwa saut i
Sauti mwambatano k.m/kw/mb/mw/ng/nj/nd/n. k
Sentens i
Vifungu vya maneno na ay a
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Kusoma kwa ufaham u
Kusoma kwa kina
Riway a
Tamthilia
Ushairi
Kusoma kwa mapana
Matunizi ya maktaba
Matumizi ya kamus i
4. KUANDIKA
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Uandishi wa kawaida
Majibu ya ufaham u
Muhtasari
Imla
Uchambuzi wa maandishi mbalimbal i
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Utungaji wa kiuamilifu
Maana na dhima ya utungaj i
Barua (i )Kirafiki (ii)Rams i
Ratiba kama vile ya sherehe ya kuzaliwa
Tahadhari (i)Onyo (ii)Ilani
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Matangaz o
Maagizo/maelekez o
Kujaza fomu,stakabadhi na orodha
Taarifa
Mahojiano na dayoloji a
3. Uandishi wa insha
1. Maana na aina za insha (a)Picha (b)Mdokez o
(c)Maelezo (d)Masimuliz i
4.
1.
2.
3.
Utungaji wa kisani i
Mashairi mepes i
Hdithi fupi
Vitendawili,mafumbo na chemsha bong o
* FORM 2
1. KUSIKILIZA NA KUZUNGUMUZ A
1. Matamshi bora
1. Silabi tatanishi k m
pa/ba,sa/sha,la/ra,cha/sha,za/sa n. k
2. Sauti tatanishi k.m b/mb,d/nd,g/ng,n. k
3. Vitate k.m kua/kuwa
4. Vitanza ndim i
2. Maamkizi na mazungumz o
3. Ufahamu wa kusikiliz a
4. Kusiliza na kudadis i
2. SARUFI NA MATUMIZI YA LUGHA
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Misingi ya maneno
Aina za maneno na migawanyo yak e
Aina za maneno
Vivumishi
Vitenz i
Viwakilishi
Vielez i
3. Vinyume
4. Nyakati na hali
5. Sentensi ya kiswahil i
6. Mnyambuliko wa vitenz i
7. Uakifishaji
8. Usemi halisi na usemi wa taarifa
9. Uundaji wa maneno
10. Ukubwa na udogo
1. Ukanushaji
12. Umoja na wingi
3. KUSOMA
1. Kusoma kwa saut i
1. Sauti na maneno tatanishi k. m
p/b,s/sh,l/r,ch/sh,s/z(papa /baba,tata/dada,susu/zuzu )
2. Vitate k.m kua/kuwa,pua/bua,vua/ fu a
3. Maneno tatanishi yenye sauti mwambatano k. m
mbali/bali,kindani/kidani,buni/mbuni
4. Sentensi zenye maana tatanishi
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Kusoma kwa ufaham u
Kusoma kwa kina
Riway a
Ushari
Tamthilia
Kusoma kwa mapana
Kusoma maktabani
Matumizi ya kamus i
4. KUANDIKA
1.
1.
2.
3.
Uandishi wa kawaida
Majibu ya ufahamu ya maandishi
Muhtasari
Imla
2. Utungaji wa kiuamilifu
1. Barua (i)Rasmi (ii)Mialiko (iii)Risala (iv)Sim u
2. Hotuba
3. Ratiba k.m siku ya wazazi shuleni
4. Matangaz o
5. Tahadhari (i)Ilani (ii)Ony o
6. Maagizo/maelekez o
7. Shajara
8. Resipe
9. Orodha ya mambo
10. Taarifa
11. Mahojiano
12. Dayolojia
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Uandishi wa insha
Maelez o
Mazungumz o
Mdokez o
Methali
4.
1.
2.
3.
Utungaji wa kisani i
Hadithi fupi
Mashairi
Michezo ya kuigiz a
* FORM 3
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
KUSIKILIZA NA KUZUNGUMZA
Maamkizi na mazungumz o
Maamkizi ya heshima na mazungumzo katika mazingir a
Mahojiano kama vile baina ya watu wawil i
Mjadala kama vile umoja wa kitaifa
Hotuba
2. Ufahamu wa kusikiliz a
3. Kusikiliza na kudadis i
1. Dhima ya fasihi kwa juml a
2. Umuhimu wa fasihi simuliz i
3. Muainisho wa fasihi simuliz i
2. SARUFI NA MATUMIZI YA LUGHA
1. Omoja na wingi
1. Ngeli za nomino na upatanisho wa kisarufi kwa
mintaarafu ya: (a)Viulizi (b)Idadi (c)-A-unganifu (d)Virejeshi
\ 'O\' na \'amba-\'(e)Visisitizi (f)Pekee (i)-enye (ii)-enyewe
(iii)-ote (iv)-o-ote (v)-ingine (vi)-ingineo
2. Vielez i
1. Vielezi vya: (a)Namna (b)Wakati (c)Idadi/kias i
(d)Mahali
3. Viwakilishi
4. Mwingiliano wa maneno
5. Vitenz i
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mzizi wa kitenz i
Viambishi awali katika vitenz i
Viambishi tamati katik a vitenz i
Vinyume vya vitenz i
Hali ya kuamrisha
Uundaji wa nomino
Sentensi ya kiswahil i
1. Aina za (i)Virai (ii)Vishaz i
2. Muundo wa sentens i
3. Aina za sentens i
4. Uchanganuzi wa sentensi kwa njia ya: (i)jedwal i
(ii)mchoro wa matawi (iii)mstari
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Nyakati na hali
Nyakati -LI-,-NA-,-TAHali ya, -KI-, -KA-,-A-, -PO-,-KUUkanushaji
Uakifishaji
Mnyambulik wa vitenz i
3. KUSOMA
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kusoma kwa
Kusoma kwa
Kusoma kwa
Kusoma kwa
saut i
ufaham u
kina
mapana
4. KUANDIKA
1.
1.
2.
3.
Uandishi wa kawaida
Majibu ya ufahamu na uchanganuz i
Muhtasari
Tahakiki za kazi za kisani i
2. Utungaji wa kiuamilifu
1. Barua
2. Ratiba k.m sherehe za arus i
3. Taharadhi (i)Ilani (ii)Ony o
4. Matangaz o
5. Maagizo/maelekez o
6. Tawasifu
7. Wasifu
8. Resipe
9. Kumbukumbu
10. Ripot i
11. Mahojiano na dayoloji a
12. Kujaza fomu na hojaj i
13. Insha za kitaaluma k.m makala ya redio na runing a
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
Uandishi wa insha
Utungaji wakisani i
Michezo ya kuigiz a
Mikusanyiko ya kazi za fasihi simuliz i
Mashairi
* FORM 4
1. KUSIKILIZA NA KUZUNGUMZ A
1. Maamkizi na mazungumz o
2. Ufahamu wa kusikiliz a
3. Kusikiliza na kudadis i
1. Sifa bainifu za fasihi simulizi na fasihi andish i
2. Muanisho wa fasihi simulizi (i)semi (ii)Masimuliz i
ya hadithi (iii)Mazungumz o
3. Maigizo kutegemea shabaha na miktadh a
4. Ngomez i
5. Ushairi
2. SARUFI NA MATUMIZI YA LUGHA
1. Ngeli za nomino
1. Ngeli za nomino na upatanisho wa kisarufi kwa
mintarafu ya: (i)Virejeshi \'O\' na \'amba\' (ii)Vivumishi
2. Aina mbalimbali za maneno
1. Viunganishi
2. Nomino
3. Vitenz i
4. Viwakilishi
5. Vivumishi
6. Vielez i
7. Vihusishi
8. Vihisishi
3. Mwingiliano wa aina mbalimbali za maneno k.m kivumish i
kuwa nomino
4. Muundo wa sentensi ya kiswahil i
5. Mnyamuliko wa vitenzi vya:
1. Asili ya kigeni
2. Silabi moja
3. Asili ya kibant u
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Nyakati na hali
Nyakati: LI,NA.TA
Hali:ME,HU,NGE,NGELI,NGALI,PO,A,KA,KI,K U
Hali ya kuamuru
Ukanushaji kutegemea nafs i
7. Uakifishaji
8. Uundaji wa maneno
1. Nomino kutokana na mziz i wa nomino
2. Nomino kutokana na mzizi wa kitenz i
3. Kitenzi kutokana na mzizi wa nomin o
4. Kivumishi kutokana na mzizi wa nomin o
5. Nomino kutokana na mzizi wa kivumish i
6. Kivumishi kutokana na mzizi wa kitenz i
7. Kitenzi kutokanan na mzizi wa kivumish i
9. Matumizi ya maneno na viambishi maalu m
10. Umoja na wingi
3. KUSOMA
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kusoma kwa
Kusoma kwa
Kusoma kwa
Kusoma kwa
4. KUANDIKA
saut i
ufaham u
kina
mapana
1.
1.
2.
3.
Uandishi wa kawaida
Majibu ya ufahamu na uchanganuz i
Muhtasari
Tahakiki z a kazi za kisani i
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Utungaji wa kiuamilifu
Uandishi wa insha
Masimuliz i
Mazungumz o
Mawaz o
Maelez o
HUMANITIES
HISTORY & GOVERNMENT Examination Syllabus
FORM 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
The meaning of History
The meaning of Government
Sources of information on History and Governmen t
Importance of studying History and Government .
2. EARLY MAN
1. Origin of man
2. Evolution of man
3. Cultural and economic practices of Early Ma n
3. DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Development of early agriculture
Early agriculture in:
Egypt
Mesopotamia
The Agrarian Revolution i n
1. Britain
2. U.S. A
4. The food situation in Africa and the rest of the Third Worl d
5. Remedies of food shortages
4. THE PEOPLE OF KENYA UP TO THE 19th CENTUR Y
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Origin migration and settlement of the people of Keny a
Bant u
Nilotes
Cushites
Results of the migration and settlement of th e
people of Keny a
5. SOCIAL,ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF KENYAN SOCIETIES IN
THE 19th CENTURY
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bant u
Agikuy u
Ameru
Akamba
Abagusii
Mijikenda
2.
1.
2.
3.
Nilotes
Luo
Nandi
Maasai
3. Cushites
1. Borana
2. Somali
6. CONTACTS BETWEEN EAST AFRICA AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD UP TO THE 19th
CENTURY
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Early visitors to the East African Coast up to 150 0
Trade between the East African Coast and the outside Worl d
Development of the trade
Organization of the trade
Impact of the trade on the people of East Afric a
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The coming of the Portugues e
Reasons for their coming to East Afric a
Their conquest and rul e
The decline of Portuguese power
Establishment and Impact of Omani Rule :
1. Seyyidd Said and the development of plantation Agricultur e
2. Development,Organization and Consequence of
5.
1.
2.
3.
The spread of Christianity :
Reasons for the coming of Christian missionarie s
Missionary activities and challenge s
Effects of missionary activities
7. CITIZENSHI P
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kenya citizenshi p
Rights of a citizen
Responsibilities of a citizen
Elements of good citizenshi p
8. NATIONAL INTEGRATION
1. National Integration
1. Meaning
2. Importanc e
2. National Unit y
1. Factors promoting national unit y
2. Factors limiting national unit y
3.
1.
2.
3.
Conflict Resolution
Meaning of the term 'conflict '
Methods of resolving conflict s
Process of resolving conflict s
* FORM 2
1. TRADE
1. Definition of trade
2.
1.
2.
3.
Methods of trade
Barter
Currenc y
Types of trade
1. Local trade
2. Regional trade (Trans -Saharan Trade)
3. International Trade (Trans -Atlantic Trade)
2. DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIO N
1. Definition of transport and communicatio n
2. Traditional forms of Transport
1. Land
2. Water
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Development in modern means of transport
Road transport
Rail transport
Water transport
Air transport
Space exploration
4. Impact of modern means of transport
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Traditional forms of communication
Smoke signal s
Drum beat s
Messengers
Horn blowing
Written messages on s crolls and stone tablet s
6. Developments in modern means of communicatio n
1. Telecommunication
2. Print media
3. DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY
1.
1.
2.
3.
Early source of energy
wood
Wind
Water
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Uses of metals in Afric a
Bronz e
Gold
Copper
Iron
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The Industrial Revolution in Europe
Uses of various sources of energy
Uses of Iron and steel
Industrial inBritai n
Industrialization in Continental Europe
Effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europ e
4. The Scientific Revolution
1. Sc ientific inventions
2. Impact of science inventions on
5.
1.
2.
3.
Emergences of selection World industrial power s
US A
Germany
Japan
6.
1.
2.
3.
Industrialization in the Third Worl d
South Afric a
Brazil
India
4. URBANIZATION
1. Meaning of urbanization
2. Early Urbanization in:
1. Afric a
2. Europe
3. Emergence of modern urban center in Afric a
1. Nairobi
2. Johannesburg
4. Impact pf agrarian and industrial development o n
Urbanization
5. SOCIAL ,ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF AF RICA SOCIETIES IN
THE 19th CENTURY
1. The Social Economic and Political organization of Afric a
society with reference t o
1. The Baganda
2. The Ashanti /Asant e
2. The Shona
6. CONSTITUTION AND CONSTITUTION MARKING
1. Types of constitutions
1. Written
2. Unwritten
2. The independence Constitution
3.
1.
2.
3.
The Kenya constitution
Constitution making proces s
Constitutional amendments since independenc e
Feature of the Kenyan constitution
7.
1.
1.
2.
3.
DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Democrac y
Definition of democrac y
Types of democrac y
Principel of democrac y
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Human Right s
Defination of Human Right s
The Bills of Human
U.N Charter on Human Right s
The rights of the chil d
classification of Human Right s
* FORM 3
1. EUROPEAN INVASION OF AFRI CA AND THE PROCESS OF COLONIZATIO N
1. The Scramble for and Partition of Afric a
1. Definition of the terms ''scramble'' and
''partition''
2. Methods used by Europeans to acquire colonies i n
Afric a
3. Factors that led to the scramble for colonies i n
Afric a
4. The process of partition
5. Impact of partition
2.
1.
2.
3.
African Reactions to European Colonizatio n
Resistanc e
Collaboration
Mixed Reactions
2. ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA
1. Background to the Scramble and Partition of East Afric a
2. British occupation of Keny a
3. The response of the peoples of Kenya to the Britis h
invasion and occupation
1. Resistanc e
2. Collaboration
3. COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION
1. Indirect Rule:
1. The British in Keny a
2. The British in Nigeri a
2.
1.
3.
1.
Direct Rule:
The British in Zimbambwe (Southern Rhodesia )
Assimilation:
The French in Senegal
4. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE COLONIAL PERIOD IN
KENYA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The Uganda Railway
Settler farming in keny a
Colonial land policies
The Devonshire W hite Paper
Urbanization
Education and Healt h
5. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE IN
KENYA (1919-1963)
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Early Political Organization in Kenya up to 193 9
East Africa Association
Kikuyu Central Association
Kavirondo Tax Payer and Welfare Associatio n
Ukamba Members Association
Coast African Association
Taita Hills Association
2. Emergence of Independent Churches and School s
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
4.
1.
2.
Political organization and movements after 194 5
Kenya Africa Study Union (K.A.S.U. )
Kenya African Union (K.A.U)
Mau Mau
Kenya Africa National Union (K.A.N.U)
Kenya Africa Democratic Union (K.A.D.U)
African People Party (A.P.P )
Trade Union Movement
Africa Workers Federation
Kenya Federation of Labour
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Role of women in the struggle for independenc e
Constitutional changes leading to independenc e
African representation in the Legc o
Lyttleton Constitution
Lennox -Boyd Constitution
Lancaster House Conferences
6.
1.
1.
2.
3.
RISE OF AFRICAN NATIONALISM
Rise and growth of African Nationalism in :
Ghana
Mozambique
South Afric a
7. LIVES AND CONTRIBUTION OF KENYAN LEADERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Jomo Kenyatt a
Daniel arap Moi
Oginga Odinga
Tom Mboy a
Ronald Ngala
8. THE FORMATION AND FUNCTION OF THE G OVERNMENT OF KENYA
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Electoral Proces s
Function of the Electoral Commission of Keny a
Formation of Government
Structure and Function of the Government of Keny a
Legislature
Executive
The Judiciary
The role of Law
The Concept Natural Justic e
* FORM 4
1. WORLD WARS
1. The First World War(1914-1918)
1. Causes
2. Cours e
3. Result s
2.
1.
2.
3.
The League of Nations
Formation
Organization
Performanc e
3.
1.
2.
3.
The second World War (1939-1945)
Causes
Cours e
Results
2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
1.
1.
2.
3.
The United Nations
Formation
Organization
Performance and challenges
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Commonwealt h
Formation
Membership
Functions
Challenges
3. The Non-Aligned Movement
1. Formation
2. Perfomance and challenges
4.
1.
2.
3.
The Cold War (Vietnam, Cuba, Europe, Angola )
Causes
Cours e
Effect s
3. CO-OPERATION IN AFRICA
1.
1.
2.
3.
Pan-Africanis m
Origins
Development
Perfomanc e
2.
1.
2.
3.
Organisation of African Unity (OAU)
Formation
Charter
Perfomance and challenges
3. African Union
1. Formation
2. Charter
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
East African communit y
Formation
Organization
Challenges up to 1977
Rebirth of the East African Community -2001
5.
1.
2.
3.
Economic Community of West African State (ECOWAS )
Formation
Organization
Perfomance and challenges
6.
1.
2.
3.
The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA )
Formation
Functions
Perfomance and challenges
4. NATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES (KENYA)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Africa Socialis m
Harambee
Nyayois m
Impact of National Philosophies
5. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES IN
KENYA SINCE INDEPENDENC E
1. Political development s
1. Developments from 1963-1991
2. Multi-party democracy in keny a
3. challenges of multi -party democrac y
4. The role of political parties in Government an d
nation building
2. Economic development and challenge s
1. Land policies
2. Industry
3.
1.
2.
3.
Social developments and challenges
Education
Healt h
Culture and sport s
6. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND CHALLENGES IN
AFRICA SINCE INDEPENDENC E
1. Social, Economic and Political developments in selecte d
African countries
1. Democratic Republic of Congo -DRC
2. Tanzania
2. Social, Economic and Political challenges in Africa sinc e
independenc e
7. LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN KENYA
1. Types of local authorities
2. Function of local authorities
3. Relationship between local authorities and the centra l
government
4. Challenges facing local authorities
8. GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IN KENYA
1. National budget
2. Sources of government revenue
3. Control of public financ e
9. THE ELECTORAL PROCESS AND FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENTS IN OTHER
PARTS OF THE WORL D
1. US A
2. Britain
3. India
GEOGRAPHY Examination Syllabus
FORM 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY
1. Definition
1. Geography
2. environment
2. branches of geography
1. physical Geography
2. Human Geography
3. importance study of geography
4. relationship between geography and other discipline s
2. THE EARTH AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM
1. composition of the solar system
2. origin, shape,size,and position of the earth in the sola r
system
3. rotation and revolution of the earth and their effect s
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
structure of the eart h
the atmosphere
the hydrosphere
the lithosphere/crus t
the asthenosphere /mantl e
the core (outer and inner core)
. WEATHER
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
definition of weather
elements of weather
factors for siting weather station
instrument for measuring elements of weather conditio n
recording and calculating weather condition s
structure and composition of the atmosphere
weather forecasting
factors influencing weather
4. STATISTICAL METHODS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
definition of statistic s
types of statistical dat a
source of statistical dat a
method of collecting dat a
methods of recording dat a
analysis of data by working out
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
arithmetic mean
median
mode
percentage
range
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
statistical representation through;
simple lines
simple bars
combination bar and line graph
simple wind ros e
8. advantage and disadvantage of each method of dat a
presentation
5. MAPS AND MAP WORK
1. definition of pictures, plans and maps
2. distinction between pictures, plans and map s
3. types of maps
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
atlas maps
topographic al maps
sketch maps
uses o maps
marginal information
map scales
1. estimations and measurement s
2. calculation of area of regular and irregular shope s
6. FIELD WORK
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Definition of field work
types of field work
importance of field work
field work procedure
problems likely to be encountered during field stud y
field work within the local environment
7. MINERALS AND ROCKS
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Definition of mineral s
rock s
characteristics of mineral s
classificat ion of rock according to mode of formation
characteristics of rock s
distribution of major types of rocks in Keny a
significance of rocks in Keny a
8. MINING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
Definition of mining
factors influencing the occurrence of minerals and their exploi tation
methods of mining
distribution of major minerals in keny a
significance of minerals in keny a
problems fancing the mining industry in keny a
effects of mining on the enviroment
study of trona on lake magadi
gold amd diamond in sout h Afric a
petroleum in middle eas t
* FORM 2
1. INTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES
1. Earth movement
1. definition
2. types of movements horizontal and vertica l
3. Causes
2. Theories of
1. Continental Drift
2. Plate tectonic s
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Folding
definition
Processes
types of folds and the resultant features
World distribution of folds mountain system s
Significance to human activities
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Faulting
Definition
Processes
Types of faults and the resultant feature s
A study of the great rift valley
World distribution of features due to faultin g
Significance of faulting to human activitie s
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Vulcanicit y
definition
types and the resultant features
World distribution of features due to vulcanicit y
Significance of vulcanicity to human activities
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Earthquakes
Definition
causes
measurement s
Distribution of major earthquake zones in the worl d
effects of earthquak e
2. MAP WORK
1.
1.
2.
3.
Direction and bearing
distinction between direction and bearin g
Traditional and modern methods of showing direction
Calculation of bearing
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Location of places using
Direction, bearing, and distanc e
Places names
Latitude and longitudes
Grid reference system
3. Methods of representing relief on topographical map s
3. PHOTOGRAPH WORK
1. types of photographs
2. Parts of a photograph
3. interpretation of a photograph by
1. Estimating actual size of photograph s
2. Sketching from photographs
3. Studying physical features and human activities i n
photographs
4. STATIS TICAL METHODS
1.
1.
2.
3.
Statistical presentation, analysis and interpretation of:
comparative group multiple line graphs
Comparative group multiple bar graphs
Divided bars rectangles
2. advantage and disadvantage of each method of dat a
presentation
5. CLIMATE
1. Distinction between weather and climat e
2. Factors influencing climat e
3. Distribution and characteristics of climatic regions o f
1. Keny a
2. The world
4. Causes effects and possible solution t o
1. Aridit y
2. Desertification
5. Causes and consequences of climate change
6. VEGETATION
1. DEFINITION OF VEGETATION
2. Factors influencing the distribution of vegetatio n
3. Characteristics of major vegetation region o f
- Keny a
- The world
4. Significance of vegetation
5. Field work
7. FORESTRY
1. definition
1. Forestry
2. Fores t
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Factors influencing the distribution and types of natural fores t
importance of forests and forest products to Keny a
Problems facing forestry in Keny a
Management and conservation of forests with s pecific emphasis to Keny a
Related study on softwood in Kenya and Canad a
* FORM 3
1.
1.
1.
2.
3.
STATISTICAL METHODS
statistical presentation, analysis and interpretation o f
Compound/cumulative bar graphs
proportional circles
Pie charts/dividing circles
2. advantages and disadvantages
2. MAP WORK
1. INTERPRETATIO N of physical features and human activities
on topographical maps
1. Land forms
2. vegetation
3. Drainage
4. economic activities
5. Settlement s
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
Enlargement and reduction of maps
Drawing of cross sections
calculations and interpretation of
vertical exaggeration
gradient
5. Intervisibilit y
3. EXTERNAL LAND FORMING PROCESSES
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Weathering
definition
Agent s
Types and processes
Significance of weathering
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
1.
Mass wasting
Definition
Factors influencing mass wasting
Types and processes
Effects of mass wasting on the physical and human environment s
Hydrological cycl e
Definition
2. Proces s
3. Significanc e
4. Action of rivers
1. Definition
2. the work of rivers and the development of rivers
3. The resultant features
4. River capture and rejuvenation
5. Drainage patterns
6. The significance of rivers and the resultan t
features
5.
1.
2.
3.
Lakes
Definition of lak e
Formation and classification of lakes
Significance of lakes
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Oceans Seas and their coast s
distinction between oceans and sea s
Nature of ocean water
water movement meaning causes and significance o f
Wave action and the resultant features
types of coas t
significance of oceans ,coast and coastal features
7. Action of wind and water in arid areas
1. Process and the resultant features
2. Significance of the resultant features
8. Action of water in limestone areas
1. Process of surface and underground water and th e
resultant features
9. Glaciation
1. Definition of
2. Process of glaciation and the resultant features i n
highlands and low lands areas
3. Significance of glaciation
10. Field work
4. SOILS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Definition of soil
Composition of soi l
Soil forming processes
Properties and characteristics of soil s
5. Soil profile and soil catena
6. Soil degeneration
1. definition
2. Types of soil degeneration
3. Soil erosion
7. Classification of soil s
8. Significance of soil s
9. Management and conservation of soil
5. AGRICULTURE
1. Definition of agriculture
2. Factors influencing agriculture
3. Types of agriculture
4. Crop farming
1. major cash crops in keny a
2. study of Tea Sugar cane,and maiz e
3. Study of cocoa in Ghana
4. Oil palm in Nigeri a
5. Related study in coffe in kenya and brazil,wheat i n
kenya and canada ,horticalture in kenya and the netherland s
5.
1.
2.
3.
Livestock Farming
Pastrol farming in keny a
Daily farming in kenya and Denmark
Beef farming in kenya and Argentina
6. Field work
* FORM 4
1. STATISTICAL METHODS
1. Statistical representation through age-sex pyramids
2.
1.
2.
3.
Analysis and interpretation of
Age-sex pyramids
Dot maps
Choropleth maps
2.
1.
1.
2.
LAND RECLAMATION
A study of
mwea-Tebera irrigation schem e
Pekera irrigation sc hemes
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Definition of
land reclamation
land rehabilitation
Significance of irrigation farming in keny a
Problems experienced in irrigation farming in keny a
Methods of land reclamation and rehabilitation keny a
Related studies on land recl amation in kenya and the Netherlands
3. FISHING
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Definition of;
Fishing
Fisheries
Factors influencing fishing
Distribution of major fishing grounds of the worl d
types and methods of fishing
Fresh water and marine fisheries in East Afric a
Problems facing in Kenya and their solution s
Comparative study of fishing in Kenya and Japa n
Management and conservation of fresh water and marine fisherie s
4. WILDLIFE AND TOURIS M
1. Wildlife
1. Definition of wildlife
2. factors influencing the distribution of wildlife i n
East Afric a
3. Distinction between game reserve ,national park and sanctuarie s
4. location of national parks major reserves an d
sanctuaries in East Afric a
5. Significance of wildlife
6. Problems facing wildlife in East Afric a
7. Management and conservation of wildlife in East Afric a
2. TOURIS M
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Definition of ;
Distinction between domestic and international touris m
factors influencing tourism in keny a
Tourism attraction in keny a
Significance of touris m
Problems facing and associated with tourism in Keny a
Related study on tourism in Switzerlan d
The future of tourism in Keny a
5. ENERGY
1. Definition of energy
2. Sources and types of energy
3. Electric power projects in Kenya and Uganda
1. Hydro-electric power project s
2. Geothermal power projects in Keny a
4.
5.
6.
7.
Location and other hydro-electric power projects in Afric a
Significance of energy
The energy crisi s
Management and conservation of energy
6. INDUSTRY
1. definition
1. Industry
2. Industrialization
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
factors influencing the location and development of industrie s
Types of industries
Distribution of industries in keny a
Significance of industrialization in keny a
Problems of industrialization and their possible solution s
A study on
1. Cottage industry in indi a
2. Iron and steel industry in the Ruhr region of German y
3. Car manufacture and electronics industry in Japa n
7. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATI ON
1. Definition
1. Transport
2. Communication
2. Mode of transport and types of communicatio n
3. The role of transport and communication in the economic development of Afric a
4. Problems facing transport and communication in Africa andefforts being made to solve
them
5. A study of the Great lakes and the St Lawrence seawa y
8. TRADE
1. Types of trade
2. factors influencing trade
3. Major exports and imports of keny a
4. Significance of trade to keny a
5. problems facing trade in keny a
6. The future of international trade in keny a
7. The role played by the following regional trading block s
in the economic of their respective regions
1. COMES A
2. SADA C
3. ECOWA S
4. EU
9. POPULATION
1. Definition of population
2. Factors influencing population
3. Factors influencing population growth in ;
1. fertilit y
2. Motalit y
3. Migration
4. Population structure
5. Consequences of population growth and structur e
6. Related studies on population in kenya and Swede n
10. SETTLEMENT
1. Definition
1. settlement
2. Urbanization
2. Factors influencing
1. Settlement s
2. patterns of settlement
3. Distribution of major urban centers in East Afric a
4. Factors influencing the growth of major urban center i n
East Afric a
5.
1.
2.
3.
Study of the following towns i n keny a
Thik a
Kisumu
Eldoret
6. Related studies with the following
1. Cities Nairobi and New York
2. Port Mombasa and Rotter
7. Effects of urbanization
11. MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION OF THE ENVIRONMEN T
1. definition of;
1. Management
2. conservation
2. the need for environmental management and conservatio n
3. Environmental hazards
4. Selected environmental hazards the associated problem s
and measures for combating them
1. Floods
2. Lightning
3. Wind storm
4. Pest and diseases
5. Pollution
5. Environmental management and conservation measures in keny a
6. field work
CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
GENERAL OBJECTIVESBy the end of the course, the learner should be able to :
1. gain insights into the unfolding of God ’s self-revelation to humankind through:
· personal experience, the African Religious Heritage,
· the Biblical relation as a whole and specifically in Jesus Christ ,
· the Christian community ;
2. use the acquired social, spiritual and moral insights to think critically and make appropriat e
moral decisions in a rapidly changing society ;
3. appreciate and respect their own, and other people’s cultural and Christian beliefs an d
practices ;
4. acquire the basic principl es of Christian living and develop a sense of self respect an d
respect for others ;
5. promote international consciousness through the understanding of universal brotherhood
and
sisterhood;
6. contribute positively to the transformation of self and the soci ety as a whole;
7. acquire knowledge for further studies in various career fields .
1.0.0 MEANING OF CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATIO N
1.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) Define Christian Religious Education;
b) Explain be importance of learning Christian Religious Education ;
1.2. 0 Content
1.2.1 Definition of Christian Religious Education .
1.2.2 Reasons for studying Christian Religious Education .
2. 0 THE BIBLE
2.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the to pic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the Bible as the word of God, its major divisions and its human authors ;
b) outline the translation of the Bible from the original languages (Hebrews, Greek) t o
local languages ;
c) discuss the effects of the translation of the Bible into African languages .
2.2. 0 Content
2.2.1 The Bible as the word of God (Hebrews 1: 1 – 2; 2 Timothy 3: 16; Revelation 22: 18).
2.2.2 Human authors (2 Peter 1:20-21).
2.2.3 Major divisions of the Bi ble.
2.2.4 The Bible as a library .
2:2.5 The translations of the Bible from the original languages (Hebrew, Greek) to the presen t
local languages .
2:2.6 Versions of the Bible used in Kenya today .
2:2.7 The effects of the translation of the Bible into Afric an languages .
3.0. 0 CREATION AND THE FALL OF MAN
3.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) describe the Biblical accounts of creation and appreciate creation as the work of God ;
b) identify the attribute of God from the Biblical creation accounts ;
c) describe the traditional African understanding of creation ;
d) explain the teaching from the Biblical creation ;
e) explain the origin of sin according to the Biblical accounts of the fall of human being s
and its consequences ;
f) explain the traditional African concept of evil and discuss the similarities an d
differences with the Biblical concept of sin ;
g) explain God ’s plan of salvations .
3.2. 0 Content
3.2.1 The Biblical accounts of creation and their meaning (Ge nesis I and 2).
3.2.2 Attributes of God from the Biblical creation accounts (Genesis 1 and 2) .
3.2.3 Traditional African view of creation.
3.2.4 Teaching from the Biblical accounts of creation (Genesis 1 and 2) .
3.2.5 The Biblical teaching on the origin of sin and its consequences (Gen. 3: 4; 6 -9; 11).
3.2.6 Traditional African concept of evil .
3.2.7 God ’s plan of salvation (Genesis 3:15).
3.28 Similarities and differences between the traditional African concept of evil and the
Biblical concept of sin.
4.0.0 FAITH AND GOD’S PROMISES : ABRAHAM
4.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) outline the background to the call of Abraham ;
b) define the term ‘faith in God
c) explain how Abraham demonstrated his faith in God and its relevance to Christians today ;
d) state the promises made by God to Abraham and explain their importance/relevance
to Christianity today ;
e) define the term ‘covenant
f) explain the importance of God ’s covenant with Abraham ;
g) identify covenants in modern life and state their significance ;
h) state the importance of circumcision to Abraham and his descendants, (the Jews) and
relate it to the African circumcision practice .
4:2. 0 Content
4:2.1 Bac kground to the call of Abraham (Genesis 11: 24 -32; 12:1-9).
4:2.2 Definition of the term faith in God (Hebrews 11: 1 -6).
4:2.3 a) Abraham ’s acts of faith in God (Genesis 12:1 -9; 15: 1-6; 17:23-24; 21: 1-7; 22: 119).
b) The importance of faith in Christi an life today .
4:2.4 God’s promises to Abraham and their relevance to Christians today (Genesis 12: 2-3;
15:1-21; 17:1-8; 17:15-18).
4:2.5 Meaning of the term covenant .
4:2.6 God ’s covenant with Abraham and its importance (Genesis 15: 1 – 19).
4:2.7 Covenants in modern life and their importance.
4:2.8 Circumcision.
a) The importance of the circumcision to Abraham and his descendants (Genesis 17: 1 -16).
b) Compare the Jewish and African practices of circumcision .
5.0. 0 SINAI COVENANT: MOSES
5:1. 0 Specifi c Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) describe the call of Moses ;
b) explain how God saved his people from Egypt ;
c) discuss the attributes of God learnt from the ten plaques ;
d) give an outline on how God cared for the Israelites during the Exodus ;
e) describe how the Sinai covenant was made, broken and renewed ;
f) explain the Ten Commandments and show how they should be applied in a Christian ’s
daily life;
g) describe how the Israelites worshipped God in their life in the wilderness ;
h) explain the new understanding that Moses gave to his people about the nature of God .
5:2. 0 Content
5:2.1 The call of Moses (Exodus 3: 1-22).
5:2.2 The ten plagues (Exodus 7: 14 – 11:1– 10).
5:2.3 The Passover (Exodus 12:1-31).
5:2.4 The Exodus
a) The crossing of the Red Sea (Exodus 14:5 -31).
b) Provision of water (Exodus 15:22-29; 17:1-6).
c) Provision of Manna and quails (Exodus: 16 1 -35).
d) Defeat of the Amelekites (Exodus 17: 8 -16).
5:2.5 a) The making of the Sinai Covenant (Exodus 19; 24: 1 – 8).
b) The breaking of the Sinai covenant (Exodus 32:1 -35).
c) The renewal of the Sinai covenant (Exodus 34: 1 -35).
5:2.6 The worship of God by the Israelites in the wilderness .
5:2.7 The Ten commandments (Exodus 20:1-17).
5:2.8 Israelites new understanding of the nature of God .
6.0. 0 LEADERSHIP IN ISRAEL: DAVID AND SOLOMO N
6.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the reasons for kingship in Israel;
b) explain reasons against kingship in Israel ;
c) explain King Saul’s failures ;
d) explain the lessons that can be learnt from King Saul’s failures ;
e) explain the importance of David as King of Israel and as an ancestor of Jesus Christ ;
f) explain the qualities of a good leader d raw n from King D avid ’s leadership ;
g) explain King Solomon ’s achievements and failures ;
h) explain the importance of the temple in Israel ;
i) assess the achievements and failures of King Solomon .
6.2. 0 Content
6.2.1 Reasons for kingship in Israel (1 Samuel 8: 1 -9).
6.2.2 Reasons against kingship in Israel ( 1 Samuel 8: 10 -20).
6.2.3 King Saul’s failures (1 Samuel 13:8 -14; 15:7-25).
6.2.4 Lessons learnt from king Saul’s failures .
6.2.5 King David ’s importance:
(i) King David ’s achievements as King of Israel ( 1 S am uel 16:1 -23; 2 Samuel 6:1 –15).
(ii) David as an ancestor of Jesus Christ (2 Samuel 7: 1 -29; Luke 1: 26-33).
6:2.6 Qualities of a good leader d raw n from King D avid ’s leadership .
6:2.7 King Solomon ’s achievements and failures (1 Kings 3 -12).
6:2.8 Importance of the temple in Israel .
7.0. 0 LOYALTY TO GOD: ELIJAH
7.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain how and why idolatry became widespread among the Israelites. ;
b) explain the effects of idolatry in Israel ;
c) describe how Elijah fought against false religion and corruption among the people of Israel ;
d) explain why Elijah faced danger and hostility as a prophet of God ;
e) explain the relevance of Elijah ’s prophetic mission to Christian today ;
7.2. 0 Content
7.2.1 The spread of idolatry
a) The local Canaanite religion.
b) The schism between Judah and Israel (1 Kings 12:25 – 33).
7.2.2 The effects of idolatry in Israel .
7.2.3 Elijah ’s fight against:
a) False religion (1 Kings 18: 17-46)
b) Corruption (1 Kings 21)
7.2.4 The effects of idolatry in Israel. .
7.2.5 Elijah ’s fight against:
a) False religion (1 Kings 18:17-46)
b) Corruption (1 Kings 21).
7.2.6 Life skills that help fight corruption:
· critical thinking
· creative thinking
· decision making
8.0. 0 SELECTED OLD TESTAMENT PROPHETS AND THEIR TEACHING S
8.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the term s’ prophet’ and prophecy ’ ;
b) identify categories of prophet ;
c) explain the importance of prophets in Israel ;
d) describe the characteristics of prophets ;
e) explain how the prophetic messages were written ;
f) explain the relationship between t he Old Testament prophesies and the New
Testament ;
g) draw parallels between the traditional and the Old Testament prophets and thei r
relevance to Christians today .
8.2. 0 Content
8.2.1 Definition of the term s ‘prophets’ and ‘prophecy ’ .
8.2.2 Categories of prophets .
8.2.3 Importance of prophets .
8.2.4 The characteristics of prophets .
8.2.5 The writing of prophetic Messages .
8.2.6 Relationship between the Old Testament prophecies and the New Testament .
8.2.7 Similarities and differences between the Tradit ional and the Old Testament prophets
and
their relevance to Christian today .
9.0. 0 AMOS
9.1. 0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe the historical background to Amos ;
b) describe the call of Amos ;
c) describe the five visions of Amos ;
d) explain the teaching of Amos and relate their relevance to Christians today .
9.2. 0 Content
9.2.1 Background to prophet Amos .
9.2.2 The call of Amos (Amos 1:1; 3:8; 7:10 -15).
9.2.3 The visions of Amos (Amos 7: 1-9; 8:1:3; 9:1-14).
9.2.4 The Teachings of Prophet Amos
a) Social justice and responsibility (Amos 2:6 -8; 3: 9-12; 4:1-3; 5:10-15; 6:1-8; 8: 4-6).
b) Hypocritical religion in Israel (Amos 4:4 -5; 5: 4-5, 5:21-29)
c) Judgment against Israel and other nations (punishment and repentance) (Amos 1: 3-5; 5:117; 6: 7; 8: 9).
d) Israel’s E lection (A m os 2:9 -11; 3:1-2; 9: 7).
e) The day of the Lord (Amos 5:18-20; 6:3-5; 8:7-13).
f) The Remnant and Restoration (Amos 9:8-15).
10.0.0 JEREMIAH
10.1.0 Specific Objecti ve s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) describe the historical background of Prophet Jeremiah ;
b) describe his personal life and his call ;
c) explain the evils condemned by Jeremiah, which led to the breaking of the covenant ;
d) explain the temple sermon and the evils condemned by the prophet ;
e) explain the relevance of Jeremiah ’s teachings o n evils and false prophets to Christians
today ;
f) analyse Jeremiah ’s teaching on judgment and punishment ;
g) explain the significance of symbolic acts related to judgment and punishment ;
h) explain Jeremiah ’s teaching on the new covenant ;
i) describe the suffering and lamentations of Jeremiah and their relevance to Christians today ;
j) explain Jeremiah ’s symbolic acts related to hop e and restoration ;
k) describe the fall of Jerusalem and the exile of the Israelites ;
l) relate the teaching of Jeremiah to the New Testament and Christian life today .
10.2. 0 Content
10.2.1 Political, social and religious background of Prophet Jeremia h
10.2.2 Personal life and the call of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1 )
10.2.3 Evils addressed by prophet Jeremiah
a) Necromanc y
b) Dishonesty/deception
c) False prophecy (Hananiah)
d) Human sacrific e
e) Idolatry (Jeremiah 2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 9; 10; 23; 28)
10.2.4 The temple sermon (Jeremiah 7: 1-8: 1-3).
10.2.5 Relevance o f Jeremiah ’s teaching on evils and false prophets to C hristians today .
10.2.6 Teachings on judgment and punishment (Jeremiah 5:12 -18; 6:1-30; 7:30 – 8:1-17;
10:17-25; 14:1-18; 15: 1-9; 16:16-18; 17:1-13; 21:1-14; 25:1-38; 39:1-10).
10.2.7 Symbolic acts related to judgement and punishment (Jeremiah 13; 16; 18; 19; 24; 27) .
10.2.8 Suffering and Lamentations of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 11: 18 -23; 12:1-6; 15:10-21, 17:1418; 18:18-23; 20:1-6; 26;27; 37; 38).
10.2.9 The new covenant (Jeremiah 23:1-8; 24; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33).
10.2.10 Symbolic acts related to hope and restoration (Jeremiah 24: 10 – 32: 1-14).
10.2.11 The fall of Jerusalem and the exile of the Isra elites (Jeremiah 39).
10.2.12 Relating the teaching of Jeremiah to the New Testament and Christian life today .
11.0.0 NEHEMIAH
11.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) describe the historical background to Nehemiah;
b) identify and explain occasions when Nehemiah prayed ;
c) explain the importance of prayer in Christian life ;
d) describe how Nehemiah demonstrated good leadership qualities ;
e) explain w hat Christians today can learn from Nehemiah ’s leadership ;
f) describe the problems faced by Nehemiah during his mission ;
g) explain w hat Christians today can learn from Nehemiah ’s experiences ;
h) discuss how the covenant was renewed ;
i) describe the dedication of the Jerusalem wall ;
j) explain and an analyse Nehemiah ’s final reform s ;
k) relate the teachings from Nehemiah ’s exemplary life to S t L uke’s Gospel an d a
Christian life today .
11.2.0 Content
11.2.1 Political, religious and social background to Nehemiah .
11.2.2 Occasions when Nehemiah prayed (Nehemiah 1:4-11; 2:4-8; 4:4-9; 5:19;6;9; 13:14;
22;
29; and 31).
11.2.3 Importance of prayer in Christian life .
11.2.4 Good leadership qualities (Nehemiah 1; 2; 4; 5; 6 and 7) .
11.2.5 Relevance of Nehemiah’s leadership to Christians today .
11.2.6 Problems faced by Nehemiah (Nehemiah 3:5; 4; 5; 6; 13) .
11.2.7 Relevance o f Nehemiah ’s experiences to Christians today .
11.2.8 Renewal of the covenant (Nehemiah 8 – 12:1-26).
11.2.9 Dedication of the wall of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 12:27 -47).
11.2.10 Final reforms (Nehemiah 13).
11.20.1 Teachings from Nehemiah ’s exemplary life to S t. Luke’s gospel and a Christian life
today .
12.0.0 OLD TESTAMENT PROPHESIES ABOUT THE MESSIA H
12.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner sh ould be able to:
a) explain the Old Testament prophecies about the coming of the Messiah and th e
concept of the Messiah in the Old and the New Testaments ;
b) explain the role of John the Baptist as a link between the Old and the New Testament .
12.2.0 Content
12.2.1 The Old Testament prophesies about the coming of the messiah and the concept of
the
Messiah in the New Testament (2 Samuel 7:3 -17, Isaiah 7:10-16; 9:1-7; 53; 61:1-2; Jeremiah
23:5-6; Psalms 41:9; 110: 1-2); Micah 5:2-5; Luke 1: 26-38; 2: 1-23; 23:1-35; 24: 50-51).
12.2.2 The role of John the Baptist (Isaiah 40:3 -5; Malachi 3:1; 4:5-6; Luke 7:20-35)
13.0.0 THE INFANCY AND EARLY LIFE OF JESUS
13.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to describe the infanc y and early life
of Jesus.
13.2.0 Content
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
The annunciation (Luke 1:5-56)
The birth of John the Baptist (Luke 1:57 -80)
The birth of Jesus (Luke 2:1-20)
Dedication (Luke2: 21-40)
The boy Jesus at the Temple (Luke 2:41 -52)
14.0. 0 THE GALILEAN MINISTRY
14.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) outline the teachings of John the Baptist ;
b) describe the baptism and temptations of Jesus ;
c) explain the relevance of the baptism and the temptations of Jesus to Christians today ;
d) explain why Jesus was rejected at Nazareth ;
e) describe Jesus’ healing at Capernaum ;
f) describe the call of the first disciples ;
g) explain why Jesus faced opposition from the Pharisees and the Scribes ;
h) explain the choosing of the twelve disciples and identify Jesus’ teachings on the qualities of
the discipleship;
i) explain Jesus’ teachings on the sermon on the plain and apply it to daily life ;
j) explain Jesus’ works of compassion ;
k) narrate the parables of Jesus ;
l) relate the significance of the parables to daily life ;
m) describe the mighty works of Jesus ;
n) explain the significance of the teaching from the mighty works of Jesus to Christians today ;
o) explain the teaching of Jesus on discipleship , divine power, messiahship, faith and humility .
14.2.0 Content
14.2.1 John the Baptist and Jesus
a) The preaching of John the Baptist (Luke 3:1 -20).
b) The baptism of Jesus (Luke3:21-22).
14.2.2 The temptation of Jesus (Luke 4:1-13).
14.2.3 The relevance of the baptism and the temptations of Jesus to Christians today .
14.2.4 Jesus begins work in Galilee and is rejected at Nazareth (Luke 4:14 -30).
14.2.5 Jesus heals in Capernaum (Luke 4:31 -44).
14.2.6 Jesus calls the first disciples (Luke 5:1 -11).
14.2.7 Jesus faces opposition (Luke 5:12-6:11).
14.2.8 T he choosing of the tw elve disciples and Jesus’ teaching on tru e discipleship (Luke
6: 12-16, 27-49).
14.2.9 The sermon on the plain (Luke 6:17 -49).
14.2.10 Jesus’ w orks of com passion
a) T he healing of the C entu rion ’s servant (L uke7:1 -10).
b) The raising of the son of the widow of Nain (Luke7:11 -17).
c) Assurance to John the Baptist (Luke7:18 -35).
d) Forgiveness of the sinful woman (Luke7:36 -83).
14.2.11 Jesus teaches in parables (Luke 8:4 -21).
14.2.12 Significance of the parable of Jesus .
14.2.13 Mighty works of Jesus (Luke 8:22 -56).
14.2.14 Jesus and the twelve disciples .
a) The commissioning of the twelve disciples (Luke 9: 1 -9).
b) Jesus feeds the 5000 (Luke 9:10-17).
c) The person of Jesus and His destiny (Luke9:18-27).
d) The transfiguration (Luke 9:28-36).
e) Jesus teaching on faith and humility (Luke9:37 -50).
15.0.0 THE JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM
15.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain and evaluate the characteristics of a true follower of Jesus ;
b) explain Jesus’ teaching o n God ’s power in overcoming evil. ;
c) define the terms confession, honesty and hypocrisy ;
d) explain Jesus’ teaching on material possessions, readiness and watchfuln ess ;
e) relate Jesus’ teaching on material possessions, readiness and watchfulness to Christian
living today ;
f) explain the spiritual teaching given by Jesus through the parables of the feasts ;
g) narrate the parables of the lost ;
h) explain the parables’ teaching in daily Christian life;
i) explain Jesus teaching on wealth and poverty ;
j) explain Jesus’ teaching o n the power of faith ;
k) explain the significance of faith in Christian life ;
l) explain Jesus’ teaching o n prayer and persistence ;
m) explain Jesus’ teaching o n the w ay of salvation.
15.2.0 Content
a) Duties and privileges of discipleship (Luke 9:51 -62).
b) The mission of the seventy two (Luke10:1 -24).
c) A committed follower of Jesus (Luke 10: 25 -11:1-13).
15.2.1 U se of God ’s power to o vercome evil (Luke 11:1 4 -36).
a) Material possessions (Luke12:13-34).
b) Watchfulness and readiness (Luke12:35 -59).
15.2.3 T he grow th of G o d ’s Kingdom (Luke 13:1 -35).
15.2.4 A great feast for all who are prepared (Luke 14:1 -35)
a) The invited gues ts .
b) The great feast .
c) The cost of discipleship.
15.2.5 Retrieving the lost (Luke 15:1-32)
a) Parable of the lost sheep.
b) Parable of the lost coin.
c) Parable of the lost son.
15.2.6 Wealth and poverty (Luke 16:1-32).
15.2.7 The power of faith (Luke 17:1-37).
15.2.8 Persistence in prayer (Luke 18:1-14).
a) Parable of the widow and the unjust judge (Luke 18:1 -8)
b) Parable of the Pharisees and the Tax collector (Luke 18: 9 -14)
15.2.9 The way to salvation (Luke 18:15-19:1-27).
16.0.0 JESUS’ MINISTRY IN JERUSALEM
16.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) describe the triumphant entry of Jesus into Jerusalem ;
b) explain the cleansing of the temple;
c) explain Jesus’ conflict with Jewish leaders ;
d) explain Jesus’ teaching about eschatology .
16.2. 0 Content
16.2.1
16.2.2
16.2.3
16.2.4
The triumphant entry into Jerusalem (Luke 19: 28 -40).
Cleansing of the temple (Luke 19:41 -48).
Jesus’ conflicts with the Jewish leaders (Luke 20:1 -24:1-4).
Eschatology (Luke 21:5-38).
17.0.0 JESUS ’ PASSION, DEATH AND RESURRECTIO N
17.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) discuss the Lord ’s supper and show its meaning to Christians today ;
b) describe the events that took place on Mount Olives ;
c) explain the events that took place between the arrest and the burial of Jesus ;
d) describe the resurrection of Jesus ;
e) explain and relate the significance of the teaching on the passion, death an d
resurrec tion of Jesus to daily life.
17.2. 0 Content
17.2.1 The last supper (Luke 22:1-38).
17.2.2 Prayer on Mount Olives, betrayal and arrest (Luke 22:39 -53).
17.2.3 The denial by Peter, trial, crucifixion, death and burial (Luke 22:54 -71; 23:1-56).
7.2.4 The resurrection (Luke 24:1-53)
a) Witness to the risen Chris t
· testimony of the Holy women
· the disciples on the way to Emmaus
· appearance to the disciples .
b) Jesus ascension to heaven
17.2.5 Significance of passion, death and the resurrectio n of Jesus to daily Christian
life .
18.0.0 THE GIFTS OF THE HOLY SPIRI T
18.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) relate the message of Peter on the Day of Pentecost ;
b) explain the teaching of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit ;
c) explain the gifts of the Holy Spirit and their manifestation as expressed by Paul ;
d) explain the criteria for discerning the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the New Testament ;
e) Discuss the manifestation of the Holy Spirit in the c hurch today .
18.2. 0 Content
18.2.1 Peter’s message o n the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2:1 -40).
18.2.2 The teaching of Jesus on the role of the Holy Spirit (John 14:15 -26; 16:5-15; Acts 1:78).
18.2.3 The gifts of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 12, 13, 14) .
18.2.4 The criteria for discerning the gifts of the Holy Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:1 -3; Matthew
7:15-20; Galatians 5: 16-26).
18.2.5 Manifestations of the gifts of the Holy Spirit in the church today (Galatians 5: 16 -26).
18.2.6 The fruits of the Holy Spiri t (Galatians 5:16-26).
19.0.0 UNITY OF BELIEVERS
19.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the unity of believers as taught in selected New Testament texts ;
b) show how unity of believers in the Chris tian community and the nation is promoted .
19.2.0 Content
19.2.1 Teaching on the unity of believers in selected New Testament text s
a) The people of God (1 Peter 2:9-10).
b) The body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:12-27); Ephesians 4:1-12).
c) The vine and the branches (John 15:1-10).
d) The church (Ephesians 5:21-32).
e) The bride (Revelation 21:1-12;2 Corinthians 11:2).
20 .0.0 AFRICAN CONCEPT OF GOD, SPIRITS AND ANCESTOR S
20.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the African concept of God, spirits and ancestors ;
b) explain the African understanding of the hierarchy of beings ;
c) describe the role of God, spirits, and ancestors ;
d) explain the responsibilities of the living towards God , spirits and ancestors ;
e) describe the traditional African way of worshipping God, venerating and communicating
with the ancestors and spirits .
20.2. 0 Content
20.2.1 African concept of God, spirits and ancestors .
20.2.2 African understanding of the hierarchy of beings .
20.2.3 The role of God, spirits and ancestors .
20.2.4 Responsibility of the living towards God, spirits and ancestors .
20.2.5 Traditional African ways of:
a) worshipping God;
b) venerating and communicating with spirits and ancestors .
21.0.0 AFRICAN MORAL AND CULTURAL VALUES
21.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning of life and its wholeness in the traditional African society ;
b) explain the African concept of community an d kinship system ;
c) outline and explain factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in the African
community ;
d) describe the rites of passage and their role in inculcating moral values in the traditional
African community ;
e) explain the role of religious specialists in the African communities and evaluate their
relevance in modern society ;
f) explain the African moral values ;
g) discuss and evaluate continuity and change in the African understanding of leisure, dress,
old age, the aged, widows, orphans, dowry, community, land, medicine, worship and property .
21.2. 0 Content
21.2.1 Meaning of life and its wholeness in the traditional African society .
21.2.2 The African concept of community and kinship system .
21.2.3 Factors contributing to harmony and mutual responsibility in the African communities .
21.2.4 a) Rites of passage
i) Birth and naming
ii) Initiation
iii) Marriage
iv) Death.
b) The role of each in inculcating moral values .
21.2.5 The role of religious specialists in the African communities and their relevance today .
21.2.6 African moral values hospitality, honesty, courtesy, integrity tolerance/perseveranc e
loyalty, chastity, respect, responsibility, love, co -operation, and unity .
21.2.7 Continuity and change in the African understanding of community old age, land, the
aged, property widows, orphans, dress, dowry, medicine, and leisure .
22.0.0 INTRODUCTION TO CHRISTIAN ETHICS
22.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of Christian ethics ;
b) explain the basis of Christian ethics .
22.2.0 Content
22.2.1 Meaning of Christian ethics .
22.2.2 Basis of Christian ethics .
23.0.0 CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO HUMAN SEXUALITY, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY
23.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) define human sexuality, marriage and family ;
b) explain the traditional African understanding of human sexuality ;
c) explain Christian teaching on human sexuality ;
d) explain traditional African practices related to male/female relationships ;
e) explain Christian teaching on male/female relationship at various levels ;
f) explain Christian teaching on responsible sexual behaviour ;
g) explain Christian teaching on irresponsible sexual behaviour and their consequences ;
h) explain traditional African understanding of marriage ;
i) explain Christian teaching on marriage;
j) discuss the traditional African and Christian approaches to marriage preparation ;
k) explain celibacy as an alternative to marriage ;
l) discuss Traditional and Christian understanding of the family ;
m) discuss the value of responsible parenthood ;
n) discuss problems related to family life today ;
o) explain and evaluate traditional African and Christian approaches to problems related to
family life today .
23.2. 0 Content
23.2.1
23.2.2
23.2.3
23.2.4
Definitions of human sexuality, marriage and family .
Traditional African understanding of human sexuality .
Christian teaching on human Sexuality .
Traditional African practices related to male/female relationships at various levels .
23.2.5 Christian teaching on male/female relationships at various levels .
23.2.6 Christian teaching on responsible sexual be haviour.
23.2.7 Christian teaching on:
a) Irresponsible sexual behaviour; Incest, rape, fornication adultery, homosexualit y
prostitution;
b) Effects of irresponsible sexual behaviour; H IV /A ID S , S T I’s, abortion, divorce ,
separation, death, street chi ldren, unplanned pregnancies, school drop outs .
Psychological problems:
Depression, self pity, withdraw, aggressiveness, violence, and stress .
23.2.8 Traditional African understanding of marriage .
23.2.9 Christian teaching on marriage.
23.2.10 Preparation for marriage in both the traditional African society and Christian practice ;
a) Traditional African preparation for marriage
b) Christian teaching on preparation for marriag e
23.2.11 Celibacy as an alternative to marriage .
23.2.12 Traditional African and Christian understanding of the family .
23.2.13 Value of responsible parenthood.
23.2.14 Problems related to family life today .
23.2.15 Traditional African and Christian approaches to problems related to family life today .
24.0.0 CHRISTIAN APPROACHED TO WORK
24.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define the term s ‘work ’ and ‘vocation ’ ;
b) explain the traditional African attitude towards work ;
c) explain the role of professional ethos, ethics and code in society ;
d) explain virtues related to work ;
e) discuss the moral duties and responsibilities of employers and employees ;
f) discuss Christian approaches to issues related to employment .
24.2. 0 Content
24.2.1
24.2.2
24.2.3
24.2.4
Definition of the term s ‘work ’ and ‘vocation ’ .
Traditional African attitude to work .
Christian teaching on work .
The roles of professional ethos, ethics and codes in society .
24.2.5 Some virtues related to various types of work.
(i) diligenc e
(ii) honesty/integrit y
(iii) faithfulnes s
(iv) responsibilit y
(v) loyalt y
(vi) tolerance.
24.2.6 Moral duties and responsibilities of employers and employees .
24.2.7 Christian approaches to issues related to employmen t
a) Wages and industrial action
b) Child labour
c) Unemployment and self-employment .
25.0.0 CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LEISURE
25.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning of leisure;
b) discuss the traditional African understanding of leisure;
c) discuss Christian teaching on leisure ;
d) discuss the importance of leisure;
e) outline various forms and uses of leisure ;
f) explain how leisure is misused in the society today ;
g) discuss the abuse of alcohol and other drugs and their effects ;
h) explain Christian criteria for evaluating the use of leisure .
25.2. 0 Content
25.2.1
25.2.2
25.2.3
25.2.4
25.2.5
25.2.6
Meaning of leisure.
Traditional African understanding of leisure .
Christian teaching on leisure.
Importance of leisure.
Various forms and uses of leisure.
Misuse of leisure today .
25.2.7 Misuse/abuse of drugs.
a) Alcohol
b) Other drugs
c) Effects of drug abus e
25.2.8 Christian criteria for evaluating the use of leisure .
26.0.0 CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO WEALTH, MONEY AND POVERT Y
26.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) define the concepts of wealth, money and poverty ;
b) explain the traditional African understanding of wealth and povert y ;
c) describe and evaluate the impact of the introduction of the money economy in the
traditional African society ;
d) explain Christian teaching on money, wealth and poverty ;
e) discuss Christian approaches to some issues related to wealth, money, and poverty .
26.2. 0 Content
26.2.1
26.2.2
26.2.3
26.2.4
Definition of the concepts wealth, money and poverty .
Traditional African understanding of wealth and poverty .
Impact of the introduction of money economy in traditional African society .
Christian teaching on money, wealth and poverty .
26.2.5 Christian approaches to some issues related to wealth.
a) Fair distribution of wealth (affluence and poverty )
b) Bribery and corruption
c) Life skills :
i) critical thinking
ii) creative thinking
iii) decision making
iv) self-esteem assertiveness .
d) Christian values :
(i) love
(ii) honest y
(iii) reliabilit y
(iv) fairnes s
(v) justic e
(vi) respect (for other people’s rights and property )
(vii) humilit y
(viii) faithfulnes s
(ix) persistence.
27.0.0 CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO LAW, ORDER AND JUSTICE
27.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic the learner should be able to:
a) define the term s ‘law " order’ and ‘justice’ ;
b) describe and evaluate traditional African practices that promote law, order and justice ;
c) explain the Biblical teaching on law, order and justice ;
d) identify and evaluate the need for law, order and justice in the society ;
e) explain the rights and duties of citizens ;
f) explain the causes and remedies of social disorder ;
g) evaluate the role of Christians in the transformation of the society ;
h) discuss Church-State relationship.
27.2. 0
27.2.1
27.2.2
27.2.3
27.2.4
27.2.5
Content
Definition of the term s ‘law ’ ‘order’ and ‘justice’ .
Traditional African practices that promote law, order and justice .
Biblical t eaching on law, order and justice.
Need for law, order and justice in the society .
Rights and duties of citizens .
27.2.6 Causes of social disorder and remedies
a) Causes
(i) discrimination
(ii) inequitable distribution of wealth and resource s
(iii) racis m
(iv) tribalis m
(v) crime
(vi) sexism.
b) Remedies
(i) Rehabilitation
(ii) punishment .
27.2.7 The role of Christians in transforming the social, economic and political life of
the society.
27.2.8 Church - State relationship.
28.0.0 CHRISTIAN APPROACHES TO SELECTED ISSUES RELATED TO
MODERN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
28.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the Christian view on some issues related to modern science and technology ;
b) describe the effects of modern science and technology on the environment .
28.2.0 Content
28.2.1 Christian view on some issues related to science and technology.
a) Euthanasia
b) Blood transfusion
c) Organ transplant
d) Genetic engineering
e) Plastic Surgery
28.2.2 The Christian view on the effects of modern science and technology on the
environment
(Pollution, desertification).
565 - BUSINESS STUDIE S
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
This course will enable th e learner to:
1. acquire necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes for the development of
self and the nation;
2. understand business and its environment ;
3. appreciate the role of business in society ;
4. acquire necessary entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and attitude for
starting and operating a business ;
5. develop ability for inquiry, critical thinking and rational judgment ;
6. appreciate the need for ethical practice and efficient business manageme nt;
7. acquire self-discipline and positive attitude towards work ;
8. enhance co-operation and inter-relation in the society through trade;
9. understand the role of the government in relation to business activities ;
10. appreciate the role of communication and information technology in modem
business management ;
11. develop positive environment and health practices ;
12. have a firm foundation for further education and training ;
13. appreciate the need for measuring business performance ;
14. appreciate bas ic economic issues in society ;
15. understand the role of auxiliary services in business ;
16. appreciate the role of market forces in determining prices of goods .
1.0.0 INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS STUDIES
1.1.0 Specific objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of business studies ;
b) explain the importance of business studies in society .
1.2.0 Content
1.2.1 Meaning of business studies
1.2.2 Importance of business studies in societ y
2.0.0 BUSINESS AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
2.1.0 Specific objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and purpose of a business ;
b) identify& various business activities ;
c) identify various types of business environments ;
d) explain how the various business environments influence a business ;
e) recognise the need for maintaining a healthy business environment .
2.2.0 Content
2.2.1 Meaning and purpose of a busines s
2.2.2 Business activities
2.2.3 Business: Internal, External
2.2.4 Effects of various business environments on a busines s
2.2.5 Healthy business environment s
3.0.0 SATISFACTION OF HUMAN WANT S
3.1.0 Specific objective s
At the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning and characteri stics of human wants ;
b) classify human wants ;
c) explain the meaning of goods and services ;
d) discuss characteristics of goods and services ;
e) explain the meaning and characteristics of economic resources ;
0 relate the concepts of scarcity, choice and o pportunity cost to real life situations .
3.2.0 Content
3.2.1 Meaning and characteristics of human want s
3.2.2 Types of human want s
3.2.3 Meaning of goods and services
3.2.4 Characteristics of goods and service s
3.2.5 Economic resources
3.2.6 Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost .
4.0.0 PRODUCTION
4.1.0 Specific objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of production;
b) distinguish between the different types of utility ;
c) distinguish between direct and indirect production;
d) describe the levels of production and occupations relating to each ;
e) Discuss the factors of production and tbe reward for each ;
f) Explain the role of division of labour in the production process ;
g) Discuss the factors that influence the mobility of factors of production ;
h) Classify goods and services produced in an economy .
4.0.0 Content
4.2.1 Meaning of production.
4.2.2 Types of utilit y
4.2.3 Direct and indirect production
4.2.4 Levels of production and related occupations
4.2.5 Factors of production as their reward s
4.2.6 Division of labour
4.2.7 Factors that influence the mobility of factors of productio n
4.2.8 Classification of goods and services produced in an economy .
5.0.0 ENTREPRENEURS HIP
5.1.0 Specific objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning of entrepreneurship;
b) discuss the importance of entrepreneurship to an economy ;
c) describe the characteristics of an entrepreneur ;
d) generat e business ideas ;
e) identify a business opportunity ;
I) evaluate a business opportunity ;
g) discuss the factors that may inhibit entrepreneurial development ;
h) discuss the causes of business failure .
5.2.0 Content
5.2.1 Meaning of entrepreneurshi p
5.2. 2 Importance of entrepreneurship to an econom y
5.2.3 Characteristics of an entrepreneur
5.2.4 Business ideas
5.2.5 Business opportunit y
5.2.6 Evaluating a business opportunit y
5.2.7 Factors that may inhibit entrepreneurial developmen t
5.2.8 Business failure.
6.0.0 MANAGEMENT A BUSINES S
6.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning of the term management ;
b) describe the function of management ;
c) explain how the various functions can be applied for the success of a
business ;
d) recognize the need for ethical practices in business ;
e) explain the functions of various departments in a business organization ;
I) discuss the role of technology in business ;
g) discuss emerging issues and practices in management of business .
6.2.0 Content
6.2.1 Meaning of management
6.2.2 Functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Coordinating, Controlling, Staffing .
Note: Only elementary treatment of the functio ns
6.2.3 Role of management in success of a busines s
6.2.4 Ethical issues in busines s
6.2.5Department in an organization
6.2.6 Technology in busines s
6.2.7 Emerging issues and practices in the management of business .
7.0.0 THE OFFICE
7.1.0 Specific objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the concept of an office;
b) explain the functions of an office;
c) discuss the various office layouts ;
d) explain the uses of various office equipment ;
e) discuss the role of filing in an office;
f) discuss the duties of various categories of office staff
g) describe essential qualities of each category of office stafl
h) discuss trends in office management .
7.2.0 Content
7.2.1 Concept of an offic e
7.2.2 Functions of an offic e
7.2. 3 Types of office layout s
7.2.4 Office equipment
7.2.5 Role of filing in an offic e
7.2.6 Duties of various office staff
7.2.7 Essential qualities of office staff
7.2.8 Trends in office management
8.0.0 HOME TRADE
8.1.0 Specific objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and importance of trade ;
b) classify trade;
c) explain the forms of home trade;
d) discuss the types and functions of retailers ;
e) discuss the types and functions of wholesaler s ;
f) describe the documents used in home trade ;
g) describe the documents used in home trade and the circumstances under which
they are used;
h) Explain the terms of payment used in home trade and circumstances in which they are
used.
8.2.0 Content
8.2.1 Meaning and importance of trade
8.2.2 Classification of trade
8.2.3 Forms of home trade
8.2.4 Types and functions of retailers
8.2.5 Types and functions of wholesalers
8.2.6 Documents used in home trade
8.2.7 Means of payment in home trade
8.2.8 Terms of payment in home trade
9.0.0 FORMS OF BUSINESS UNIT S
9.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify the various forms of business units ;
b) explain the characteristics of each form of business unit ;
c) discuss the formation and management of each form of business unit ;
d) discuss the sources of capital for each form of business unit ;
e) explain advantages and disadvantages of each form of business unit ;
) recognize the circumstances under which the various forms of business units may be
dissolved;
g) Discuss trends in business ownership .
9.2.0 Content
9.2.1 Business units: Sole proprietorships, Partnerships, Co -operatives,
Private companies, Public com panies, Public corporations
9.2.2 Features of each form of business uni t
9.2.3 Formation and management of each from of business uni t
9.2.4 Sources of capital for each form of business uni t
9.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of each form of business uni t
9.2.6 Dissolution of business unit s
9.2.7 Trends in business ownership e.g. Globalisation, Amalgamation mergers, Privatisation .
10.0.0 GOVERNMENT AND BUSINES S
10.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain reasons for government involvement in business ;
b) explain how the government gets involved in business ;
c) discuss the merits and demerits of government involvement in business activities ;
d) Discuss the importance of consumer protection .
10.2.0 Content
10.2.1 Government involvement in busines s
10.2.2 Methods of government involvement in business activities: Regulation,
Training, Trade promotion, Provision of public utilities, Enabling environment .
10.2.3 Merits and demerits of Government involvement in busines s
10.2.4 Consumer protection: Need for consumer protection , Methods of consumer protection .
11.0.0 TRANSPORT
11.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning and importance of transport t o business ;
b) explain the essentials of transport ;
c) describe the modes and means of transport ;
d) discuss advantages and disadvantages of each means of transport ;
e) discuss the factors which influence choice of an appropriate means of
transport ;
t) Discuss trends in transport .
11.2.0 Content
11.2.1
11.2.2
11.2.3
11.2.4
11.2.5
11.2.6
Transport
Essentials of transport
Modes and means of transport
Advantages and disadvantages of each means of transpor t
Choice of an appropriate means of transport
Trends in transport. Containerization, Pipelin e
12.0.0 COMMUNICATION
12.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning and importance of communication ;
b) describe the lines of communication ;
c) explain the essentials of effective communication ;
d) describe the various forms and means of communication ;
e) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each means of communication ;
0 discuss the factors that influence choice of an appropriate means of com munication;
g) identify’ the barriers to effective communication ;
h) discuss services that facilitate communication ;
i) discuss trends in communication.
12.2.0 Content
12.2.1 Communication
12.2.2 Lines of communication: vertical/horizontal, formal and in formal.
12.2.3 Essentials of effective communicatio n
12.2.4 Forms and means of communicatio n
12.2.5 Advantages and disadvantages of communicatio n
12.2.6 Choice of an appropriate means of communicatio n
12.2.7 Barriers to effective communicatio n
12.2.8 Services that facilitate communication e.g. courier, postal, telecommunicatio n
12.2.9 Trends in communication: Facsmile (Fax), Developments in the internet
(e.g. e-mail, e-commerce), Cell-phones
13.0.0 WAREHOUSING
13.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the leaner should be able to :
a) explain the meaning and importance of warehousing to business ;
b) discuss the essentials of a warehouse ;
c) identify’ the various types of warehouses ;
d) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each type of warehouse .
13.2.0 Content
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
Warehousing
Essentials of a warehous e
Types of warehouses
Advantages and disadvantages of each type of warehouse .
14.0.0 INSURANCE
14.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the leaner should be able to :
a) explain the concept of insurance;
b) discuss the meaning and importance of insurance ;
c) explain terms used in insurance;
d) explain the principles of insurance;
e) distinguish between the classes of insurance;
f) explain the meaning of reinsurance and co -insurance;
g) describe procedure for obtaining an insurance policy ;
h) describe the procedure of making an insurance claim .
14.2.0 Content
14.2.1
14.2.2
14.2.3
14.2.4
14.2.5
14.2.6
14.2.7
14.2.8
Insuranc e
Importance of Insuranc e
Terms used in Insuranc e
Principles of Insuranc e
Classes of insuranc e
Re-insurance and co-insuranc e
Obtaining an insurance polic y
Making an insurance clai m
15.0.0 PRODUCT PROMOTION
15.1.0 Specific Obj ective s
By the end of the topic, the leaner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of a product ;
b) explain the meaning and purpose of product promotion ;
c) discuss various methods of product promotion ;
d) discuss advantages and disadvantages of each method of product promotion ;
e) discuss factors which influence choice of promotion medium ;
0 discuss the factors which influence choice of promotion medium ;
g) recognise the need for ethical practices in pro duct promotion;
h) discuss trends in product promotion.
15.2.0 Content
15.2.1 Meaning of a produc t
15.2.2 Product promotion
15.2.3 Methods of product promotion
15 2.4 Advantages and disadvantages of each method of product promotio n
15.2.5 Choice of promotion method
15.2.6 Choosing a promotion medium
15.2.7 Ethical issues in product promotio n
15.2.8 Trends in product promotion
16.0.0 DEMAND AND SUPPL Y
16.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meani ng of demand;
b) explain the factors which influence demand for a product ;
c) distinguish between derived demand and joint demand ;
d) derive a demand curve from a demand schedule ;
e) distinguish between movement along a demand curve and shift in the demand curve;
f) explain the meaning and importance of elasticity of demand ;
g) explain the meaning of supply ;
h) explain the factors which influence supply of a product ;
i) derive a supply curve from a supply schedule ;
j) distinguish between movement along a su pply curve and shift in supply curve;
k) explain the meaning and importance of elasticity of supply ;
I) determine equilibrium price and quantity ;
m) discuss the effects of excess demand and excess supply on equilibrium price and quantity ;
n) discuss the effects of a shift in a demand curve and a shift in a supply
curve on equilibrium price and quantity .
16.2.0 Content
16.2.1 Demand
16.2.2 Factors which influence demand for a produc t
16.2.3 Derived demand and joint demand
16.2.4 Demand schedule and demand curve
16.2.5 Movement along and shift in a demand curve
16.2.6 Elasticity of demand
16.2.7 Meaning of suppl y
16.2.8 Factors which influence supply of a produc t
16.2.9 Supply schedule and supply curve
16.2.10 Movement along a supply curve and shift in the supply curve
16.2.11 Elasticity of suppl y
16.2.12 Equilibrium price and quantit y
16.2.13 Excess demand and excess suppl y
16.2.14 Effects of shift in a demand curve and shift in a supply curve on equilibrium price and
quantity .
THEORY OF THE FIRM
17.0.0 Specific Objective s
17.1.0 By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) distinguish between a firm and an industry ;
b) discuss the factors which influence the decision on what goods and services to produce ;
c) distinguish between different costs of production ;
d) describe the criteria for determining the size of a firm ;
e) explain the factors that influence the location of a firm ;
I) discuss the economies and diseconornies of scale ;
g) discuss advantages and di sadvantages of localization and delocalization of firms ;
h) justify the reasons for existence of small firms ;
i) discuss the implication of production activities on the environment and community health .
17.2.0 Content
17.2.1 The concepts of a firm and industry
17.2.2 Decision on what goods and serves to produc e
17.2.3 Costs of production: Fixed costs and variable costs, Direct costs and indirect costs,
Total costs, average costs and marginal costs ,
17.2.4 Determining the size of a firm
17.2.5 Location of a firm
17.2.6 Economies and diseconomies of scal e
17.2.7 Localization and delocalization of firms in an economy .
17.2.8 Existence of small firms in an econom y
17.2.9 Implications of production activities on the environment and community healt h
18.0.0 PRODUCT MARKET S
18.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of a market ;
b) discuss different types of product markets ;
c) determine price and output in the various product marke ts ;
d) explain other methods of determining price of a product .
18.2.0 Content
18.2.1 Meaning of a market
18.2.2 Types of product markets and he assumptions of eac h
18.2.3 Determining price and output in various product market s
Note: Coverage of profit and loss not required
Other methods of determining price of a produc t
19.0.0 CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION
19.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of distribution
b) describe the various channels of distribution
c) discuss the role of intermediaries in distribution chai n
d) discuss the factors which may influence choice of a distribution channel .
19.2.0 Content
19.2.1
19.2.2
19.2.3
19.2.4
Meaning of distribution
Channels of distribution
Intermediaries i n the distribution chai n
Choosing a distribution channel
20.0.0 NATIONAL INCOM E
20.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the leaner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of national income ;
b) describe the circular flow of income;
c) determine national income using the various approaches ;
d) explain the problems encountered in measuring national income ;
e) discuss the uses of national income statistics ;
f) discuss the factors which influence the level of national income .
20.2.0 Content
20.2.1
20.2.2
20.2.3
20.2.4
20.2.5
Meaning of national incom e
The circular flow of incom e
Approaches to measurement of national incom e
Problems encountered in measuring national incom e
Use of national income statistic s
20.2.6 Factors which influence the level of national incom e
Note : Only elementary treatment of national income concepts require d
21.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the basic concepts in populatio n
b) explain the implications of population size and structure on the development
of a country
c) explain the meaning of employment and unemploymen t
d) discuss the various types and causes of unemploymen t
e) discuss measures that may be taken to solve unemployment problem s
21.2.0 Content
21.2.1 Basic concepts in population: Fertility, Mortality, Growth rate, Optimum
population, Under-population, Over-population, Young population, Aging population.
21.2.2 Implication of population size and structure on developmen t
21.2.3 Employment and Unemployment
21.2.4 Types and causes of unemploymen t
21.2.5 Solving unemployment
22.0.0 DETERMINING THE NET WORTH OF A BUSINES S
22.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of the terms assets, liabilities and capital ;
b) derive the book -keeping equation;
c) prepare a simple balance sheet ;
d) relate the accounting equation to the balance sheet ;
e) explain the meaning of networth of a business .
22.2.0 Content
22.2.1
22.2.2
22.2.3
22.2.4
22.2.5
Meaning of assets, liabilities and capita l
The book keeping equation
Balance sheet
Relationship between book -keeping equation and balance sheet
Networth of a busines s
23.0.0 BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
23.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of a business transaction ;
b) distinguish between cash and credit transactions ;
c) determine the effects of transactions on the balance sheet ;
d) discuss causes of changes in capital ;
e) determine the initial and final capital of a business .
23.2.0 Content
23.2.1
23.2.2
23.2.3
23.2.4
23.2.5
Meaning of a business transactio n
Cash and credit transactions
Effects of transactions on the balance shee t
Causes of changes in capi tal
Initial and final capital of a busines s
24.0.0 THE LEDGER
24.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and purpose of a ledger;
b) explain the concept of double entry ;
c) explain the meaning and format of a ledger account ;
d) explain the rules of recording business transactions in ledger accounts ;
e) record business transactions in various ledger accounts ;
1) describe the procedure of balancing a ledger account ;
g) balance off a ledger account ;
h) extract a trial balance from ledger account balances ;
i) Explain the purposes and limitations of a trial balance ;
j) Classify accounts ;
k) Discuss the various types of ledgers .
24.2.0 Content
24.2.1 Meaning and purpose of a ledger
24.2.2 Concept of double entry
24.2.3 Meaning and format of a ledger accoun t
24.2.4 Rules of posing to various ledger accounts: Asset account, Liability account, Expense
account, Revenue account, Capital account .
24.2.5 Recording business transactions in the ledger account s
24.2.6 Balancing a ledger account
24.2.7 The trial balanc e
24.2.8 Purpose and limitations of a trial balanc e
24.2.9 Classification of ledger account s
24.2.10 Types of ledgers
25.0.0 THE CASH BOOK
25.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and purpose of a cash book ;
b) distinguish between the basic types of cash books ;
c) explain the term contra entry ;
d) prepare the various cash books .
25.2.1 Meaning and purpose of a cash book
25.2.2 Basic types of cash book s
25.2.3 Contra entry
25.2.4 Preparation of a cash book: Single — column, Two— column, Three column, Petty
cash book .
26.0.0 SOURCE DOCUMENTS AND BOOKS OF ORIGINAL ENTR Y
26.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of the term source documents ;
b) identify the various source documents used to record business transactions ;
c) explain the meaning of the term journal ;
d) discuss the various books of original entry ;
e) record information in the relevant journal from source documents ;
Post information from journals to the relevant ledger accounts .
26.2.0 Content
26.2.1
26.2.2
26.2.3
26.2.4
26.2.5
26.2.6
Source document s
Different source documents used in recording busine ss transactions
Journal
Books of original entry
Recording information in the relevant journals from the source document s
Posting information to the relevant ledger accounts from various journals .
27.0.0 FINANCIAL STATEMENT S
27.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify the various financial statements ;
b) explain the importance of each of the financial statements ;
c) explain the concept of trading period;
d) prepare simple financial statements ;
e) discuss the various types of capital ;
O calculate basic ratios from financial statements ;
g) explain the importance of each of the basic financial ratios .
27.2.0 Content
272.l Financial statements: Trading accounts, Profit and loss a ccount, Trading,
profit and loss account, Balance sheet .
27.2.2 Importance of the financial statement s
27.2.3 Concept of trading period
27.2.4 Preparations of simple financial statement s
27.2.5 Types of capital: working capital, borrowed capital, capital employed, capital owne d
27.2.6 Calculating basic financial ratios: margins and mark -ups, current ratio/working capital
ratio, rate of stock turn-over, return on capital
27.2.7 Importance of financial ratios
28.0.0 INCOMPLETE RECORDS
28.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the term incomplete record;
b) explain the term statement of affairs ;
c) prepare a statement of affairs ;
d) distinguish between a statement of affairs and a balance sheet ;
e) update incomplete records ;
f) prepare final statements from updated records .
28.2.0 Content
28.2.1
28.2.2
28.2.3
28.2.4
28.2.5
28.2.6
Incomplete records
Statements of affairs
Preparation of a statement of affairs
Distinction between a statement of affairs and a balance shee t
Updating incomplete records
Preparation of final statements from updated record s
2 9.0.0 MONEY AND BANKING
29.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and limitations of barter ;
b) explain the meaning and characteristics of money ;
c) explain the functions of money ;
d) discuss demand for and supply of money ;
e) explain the meaning of banking;
I) describe the development of banking;
g) explain the functions of commercial banks ;
ii) discuss the types of accounts offered by commercial banks ;
i) explain the functions of non bank financial institutions ;
j) distinguish between commercial banks and non -bank financial institutions ;
k) discuss the role of a Central Bank in an economy ;
I) discuss trends in banking.
29.2.0 Content
29.2.1 Barter
29.2.2 Meaning and characteristics of mone y
29.2.3 Functions of m oney
29.2.4 Demand for and supply of money
29.2.5 Meaning of banking
29.2.6 Development of banking
29.2.7 Functions of commercial bank s
29.2.8 Types of accounts offered by commercial bank s
29.2.9 Functions of non-bank financial institutions
29.2.10 The role of the Central Bank in an econom y
29.2.11 Trends in banking
30.0.0 PUBLIC FINANCE
30.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning and purpose of public finance ;
b) describe the various sources of public finance;
c) categorize government expenditure;
d) discuss the principles of government expenditure ;
e) explain the meaning and purpose of taxation ;
f) explain the principles of taxation;
g) classify taxes ;
h) discuss the merits and demerits of ea ch type of tax ;
i) discuss the role of the budget as a tool of planning .
30.2.0 Content
30.2.1
30.2.2
30.2.3
30.2.4
30.2.5
30.2.6
30.2.7
30.2.8
30.2.9
Public financ e
Sources of public financ e
Categories of Government expenditure
Principles of Government expenditure
Taxation
Principles of taxation
Classification of taxes
Merits and demerits of each type of ta x
Budget as a tool of planning
31.0.0 INFLATION
31.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of inflation;
b) determine consumer price index ;
c) discuss the types and causes of inflation ;
d) assess the effects of inflation in an economy ;
e) discuss the methods of controlling inflation .
31.2.0 Content
3 1.2.1 Inflation
31.2.2 Consum er price index
31.2.3 Types and causes of inflation
31.2.4 Effects of inflation in an econom y
3 1.2.5 Controlling inflation
32.0.0 INTERNATIONAL TRADE
32.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the meaning of international trade;
a) discuss the advantages and disadvantages of international trade ;
b) account for the differences in the terms of trade between countries ;
c) describe the components of balance of payments account ;
d) discuss the causes of balance of payments disequilibrium ;
e) discuss the measures that may be taken to correct balance of payments disequilibrium ;
f) explain the terms of sale in international trade ;
g) Describe the documents used in international trade ;
h) Discuss the role of international financial institutions in international trade ;
i) Describe the various forms of economic integration ;
j) Recognize the importance of economic integration to a country ;
k) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of free trade ;
1) Explain the reasons for and methods of trade restriction ;
m) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of trade restriction ;
n) Discuss the various exchange rate systems ;
o) Discuss trends in international trade.
32.2.0 Content
32.2.1 International trade
32.2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of international trad e
32.2.3 Terms of trade
32.2.4 Reasons for differences in the terms of trade between countrie s
32.2.5 Balance of payments account s
32.2.6 Balance of payments disequilibriu m
32.2.7 Correcting balance of payments disequilibrium
32.2.8 Terms of sale in international trade
32.2.9 Documents used in international trad e
32.2.10 International financial institutions: International Monetary Fund (IMF), African
Development Bank (ADB), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World
Bank )
32.2.11 Forms of economic integration
32.2.12 Importance of economic integration to a countr y
32.2.13 Free trade
32.2.14 Reasons for and methods of trade restrictio n
32.2.15 Advantages and disadvantages of trade restriction
32.2.16 Exchange rates: fixed, flexibl e
32.2.17 Trends in international trade e.g. Liberalization, Export Processing Zones (E.P.Z )
33.0.0 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING
33.1.0 Specific Objective s
By the end of the topic, the learner shoul d be able to:
a) distinguish between economic growth and economic development ;
b) discuss the characteristics of under-development ;
c) explain the goals of development ;
d) discuss the factors which may hinder development ;
e) explain the meaning of developm ent planning;
1) recognize the need for development planning ;
g) discuss problems encountered in development planning
.
332.0 Content
33.2.1 Economic growth and development
33.2.2 Characteristics of underdevelopmen t
33.2.3 Goals and development
3 3.2.4 Factors which hinder development
33.2.5 Meaning of development planning
33.2.6 Need for development planning
33.2.7 Problems encountered in development planning .
MATHEMATICS & SCIENCES
MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS
FORM 1
1. NATURAL NUMBERS
1. Place values of numbers
2. Round off numbers to the nearest tens, hundreds,
thousands, millions and billions
3. Odd numbers
4. Even numbers
5. Prime numbers
6. Word problems involving natural numbers
2. FACTORS
1. Factors of composite numbers
2. Prime factors
3. Factors in power form
3. DIVISIBILITY TESTS
1. Divisibility tests of numbers by 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11
4. GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR (GCD) / HIGHEST COMMON FACTOR (HCF)
1. Greatest common divisor of a set of numbers
2. Application of GCD /HCF to real life situations
5. LEAST COMMON MULTIPLE (LCM)
1. Multiples of a number
2. LCM of a set of numbers
3. Application of LCM in real life situations
6. INTEGERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Introduction to integers
The number line
Operation on integers
Order of operations
Application in real life situations
7. FRACTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Introduction to fractions
Proper, improper fractions and mixed numbers
Conversion of improper fractions to mixed numbers and vice versa
Comparing fractions
Operations on fractions
Order of operations on fractions
Word problems involving fractions in real life situations
8. DECIMALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Fractions and decimals
Recurring decimals
Recurring decimals and fractions
Decimal places
Standard form
Operation on decimals
Order of operations
Real life problems involving decimals
9. SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Squares by multiplication
Squares from tables
Square roots by factorization
Square roots from tables
10. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Letters for numbers
Algebraic expressions including algebraic fractions
Simplification of algebraic expressions
Factorisation by grouping
Removal of brackets
Substitution and evaluation
Problem solving in real life situations
11. RATES, RATIO, PERCENTAGES AND PROPORTION
1. Rates
2. Solving problems involving rates
3. Ratio
4. Comparing quantities using ratios
5. Increase and decrease in a given ratio
6. Comparing ratios
7. Proportion: direct and inverse
8. Solve problems involving direct and inverse proportions
9. Fractions and decimals as percentages
10. Percentage increase and decrease
11. Application of rates, ratios, percentages and
proportions to real life situations
12. LENGTH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Units of length
Conversion of units of length from one form to another
Significant figures
Perimeter
Circumference (include length of arcs)
13. AREA
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Units of area
Conversion of units of area
Area of regular plane figures
Area of irregular plane shapes
Surface area of cubes, cuboid and cylinder
14. VOLUME AND CAPACITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Units of volume
Conversion of units of volume
Volume of cubes, cuboid and cylinders
Units of capacity
Conversion of units of capacity
Relationship between volume and capacity
Solving problems involving volume and capacity
15. MASS, DENSITY AND WEIGHT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mass and units of mass
Density
Problem solving involving real life experiences on mass, volume, density and weight
Weight and units of weight
Mass and weight
16. TIME
1.
2.
3.
4.
Units of time
12 hr and 24 hr system
Travel time-tables
Problem solving involving travel time tables
17. LINEAR EQUATIONS
1. Linear equations in one unknown
2. Simultaneous linear equations
3. Formation and solution of linear equations in one and two unknowns from given real life
situations
18. COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Currency
Currency exchange rates
Currency conversion
Profit and loss
Percentage profit and loss
Discounts and commissions
Percentage discounts and commissions
19. CO-ORDINATES AND GRAPHS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Cartesian plane
Cartesian co-ordinates
Points on the Cartesian plane
Choice of appropriate scale
Table of values for a given linear relation
Linear graphs
Graphical solutions of simultaneous linear equations
Interpretation of graphs
20. ANGLES AND PLANE FIGURES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Types of angles
Angles on a straight line
Angles at a point
Angles on a transversal
Corresponding angles
Angle properties of polygons
Application to real life situations
21. GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Construction of lines and angles using a ruler and compasses only
Construction of perpendicular and parallel lines using a ruler and a set square only
Proportional division of a line
Construction of regular polygons (upto a hexagon)
Construction of irregular polygons (upto a hexagon)
22. SCALE DRAWING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Types of scales
Choice of scales
Sketches from given information and scale drawing
Bearings
Bearing, distance and locating points
Angles of elevation and depression
Solving problems involving bearings, scale drawing, angles of elevation and depression
Simple surveying techniques
23. COMMON SOLIDS
1. Common solids, e.g cubes, cuboids, pyramids, prisms, cones, spheres and cylinders e.t.c
2. Sketches of solids
3. Nets of solids
4. Models of solids from nets
5. Surface area of solids from nets (include cubes,
cuboids, cones, pyramids, prisms)
6. Distance between two points on the surface of a solid
* FORM 2
1. CUBES AND CUBE ROOTS
1. Cubes of numbers by multiplication
2. Cubes from tables
3. Cube roots of numbers by factor method
4. Evaluation of cube and cube root expressions
5. Application of cubes and cube roots to real life situations
2. RECIPROCALS
1. Reciprocals of numbers by division
2. Reciprocals of numbers from tables
3. Computation using reciprocals
3. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Indices (powers) and base
Laws of indices (including positive integers, negative integers and fractional indices)
Powers of 10 and common logarithms
Common logarithms
1. Characteristics
2. Mantissa
5. Logarithm tables
6. Application of common logarithms in multiplication, division and finding roots
4. EQUATIONS OF STRAIGHT LINES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Gradient of straight line
Equation of a straight line
The equation of a straight line of the form y=mx+c
The x and y intercepts of a line
The graph of a straight line
Perpendicular lines and their gradients
Parallel lines and their gradients
Equations of parallel and perpendicular lines
5. REFLECTION AND CONGRUENCE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lines and planes of symmetry
Mirror lines and construction of objects and images
Reflection as a transformation
Reflection in a Cartesian plane
Direct and opposite congruency
Congruency tests (SSS,SAS,AAS,ASA and RHS)
6. ROTATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Properties of rotation
Centre and angle of rotation
Rotation in the Cartesian plane
Rotation symmetry of plane figures and solids point axis and order)
Congruence and rotation
7. SIMILARITY AND ENLARGEMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Similar figures and their properties
Construction of similar figures
Properties of enlargement
Construction of objects and images under enlargement
Enlargement in the cartesian plane
Linear, volume, area and scale factors
Real life situations
8. PYTHAGORAS THEOREM
1. Pythagoras theorem
2. Solutions of problems using Pythagoras theorem
3. Application to real life situations
9. TRIGONOMETRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Tangent, cosine and sine of angles
Trigonometric tables
Angles and sides of a right angled triangle
Sine and cosine of complimentary angles
Relationship between tangent, sine and cosine
Trigonometric ratios of special angles 30, 45,60 and 90
Logarithm of a sine, a cosine and a tangent
Application of trigonometry to real life situations
10. AREA OF A TRIANGLE
1. Area of a triangle
1. A=1/2 ab sin c
2. Application to real life situations
11. AREA OF QUADRILATERALS AND OTHER POLYGONS
1. Area of quadrilaterals
2. Area of other polygons (Regular and irregular)
12. AREA OF A PART OF A CIRCLE
1. Area of a sector
2. Area of a segment
3. Area of a common regions between two circles
13. SURFACE AREA OF SOLIDS
1. Surface area of prisms, pyramids, cones, frustrums and s pheres
14. VOLUME OF SOLIDS
1. Volume of a prism, a pyramid, a cone, a frustrum and a sphere
15. QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Expansion of algebraic expressions
The three quadratic identities
Using the three quadratic identities
Factorisation of quadratic expressions
Solutions of quadratic equations by factor method
Formation and solution of quadratic equations
16. LINEAR INEQUALITIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Inequalities on a number line
Simple and compound inequality statements
Linear inequality in one unknown
Graphical representation of linear inequalities
Graphical solutions of simultaneous linear inequalities
Simple linear inequalities from inequality graphs
Inequalities from inequality graphs
17. LINEAR MOTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Displacement, velocity, speed and acceleration
Determining velocity and acceleration
Solve problems involving relative speed
Distance-time graph
Velocity time graph
Interpretation of graphs of linear motion
Relative speed
18. STATISTICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definition of statistics
Collection and organisation of data
Frequency distribution tables (for grouped and ungrouped data)
Grouping data
Mean, mode and median
Representation of data
Line graph
Bar graph
Pie chart
Pictogram
Histogram
Frequency polygon
Interpretation of data
19. ANGLE PROPERTIES OF A CIRCLE
1. Arc, chord and segment
2. Angles subtended by the same arc at the circumference
3. Relationship between angles subtended at the centre and angle subtended on the
circumference by the same arc
4. Angle in a semi circle
5. Angles properties of a cyclic quadrilaterals
6. Finding angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
20. VECTORS
1. Vector and scalar quantities
2. Vector notation
3. Representation of vectors
4. Equivalent vectors
5. Addition of vectors
6. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar
7. Column vectors
8. Position vectors
9. Magnitude of a vector
10. Midpoint of a vector
11. Translation vector
* FORM 3
1. QUADRATIC EXPRESSIONS AND EQUATIONS(2)
1. Factorisation of quadratic expressions
2. Perfect squares
3. Completion of the square
4. Solution of quadratic equation by completing square method
5. Quadratic formulae
6. Solutions of quadratic equations using the formulae
7. Formation of quadratic equations and solving them
8. Tables of values for a given quadratic relation
9. Graphs of quadratic equations
10. Simultaneous equations-one linear and one quadratic
11. Application to real life situations
2. APPROXIMATIONS AND ERRORS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Computing using calculators
Estimations and approximations
Significant figures
Absolute, relative, percentage, round-off and truncation errors
Propagation of errors from simple calculations
Maximum and minimum errors
3. TRIGONOMETRY (2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
The unit circle
Trigonometric ratios from the unit circle
Trigonometric ratios of angles greater than 360 and negative angles
Using trigonometric tables
Radian measure
Simple trigonometric graphs
Derivation of sine and cosine rule
Solution of triangles
Application of sine and cosine rule to real situation
4. SURDS
1. Rational and irrational numbers
2. Simplification of surds
3. Rationalisation of denominators
5. FURTHER LOGARITHMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Logarithmic notation
The laws of logarithms
Simplification of logarithmic equations
Further computations using logarithmic laws.
6. COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Principal rate and time
Simple interest
Compound interest using step by step method
Derivation of compound interest formulae
Calculations using the compound interest formula
Appreciation and depreciation
Calculation of appreciation and depreciation using the compound interest formula
8. Hire purchase
9. Income tax
7. CIRCLES CHORDS AND TANGENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Arcs, chords and tangents
Lengths of tangents and intersecting chords
Properties of chords
Construction of tangents to a circle
Direct and transverse common tangents to two circles
Angles in alternate segment
Circumscribed, inscribed and described circles
Centroid and orthocentre
Apply knowledge of tangents and chords to real life situations
8. MATRICES
1. Matrix
2. Order of a matrix
3. Square matrix
4. Compatibility in addition and multiplication of matrices
5. Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar
6. Matrix multiplication
7. Identity matrix
8. Determinant of a 2x2 matrix
9. Inverse of a 2x2 matrix and singular matrix
10. Solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns
9. FORMULA AND VARIATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Change of the subject
Direct, inverse, partial and joint variations
Constant of proportionality
Graphs of direct and inverse proportion
Formation of equation on variation from real life situations
10. SEQUENCES AND SERIES
1. Simple number patterns
2. Sequences
3. Arithmetic sequence
4. Geometric sequence
5. Determining a term in the sequence
6. Arithmetic progression (A.P)
7. Geometric Progression (G.P)
8. Sum of an A.P
9. Sum of a G.P
10. Application of A.P and G.P to real life situations
11. VECTORS (2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Co-ordinates in two and three dimensions
Column and position vectors in three dimensions
Column vectors in terms of unit vectors and
Magnitude of a vector
Parallel vectors
Collinearity
Proportional division of a line
8. Ratio theorem
9. Vector methods in geometry
12. BINOMIAL EXPANSION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Binomial expansion up to power four
Pascal's triangle
Coefficient of terms in binomial expansion
Computation using binomial expansion
Evaluation of numerical cases using binomial expansion
13. PROBABILITY
1. Probability
2. Experimental probability
3. Range of probability measure 0Range of probability measure 0<p(x)Range of probability
measure 0<p(x)<1 </p(x)
4. Probability space
5. Theoretical probability
6. Discrete and continuous probability (simple cases only)
7. Combined events (mutually exclusive and independent
events)
8. Laws of probability
9. The tree diagrams
14. COMPOUND PROPORTIONS AND RATES OF WORK
1.
2.
3.
4.
Proportional parts
Compound proportions
Ratios and rates of work
Proportions applied to mixtures
15. GRAPHICAL METHODS
1. Tables and graphs of given relations
2. Graphs of cubic equations
3. Graphical solutions of cubic equations
4. Average rate of change
5. Instantaneous rate of change
6. Empirical data and their graphs
7. The line of best fit
8. Equation of a circle
9. Finding of the equation of a circle
10. Determining of the centre and radius of a circle
* FORM 4
1. MATRICES AND TRANSFORMATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Transformation on the cartesian plane
Identification of transformation matrix
Successive transformations
Single matrix of transformation for successive transformations
Identity matrix and transformation
Inverse of a transformation
Area scale factor and determinant of a matrix
Shear and stretch (include their matrices)
Isometric and non-isometric transformation
10. Application of transformation to real life situations
2. STATISTICS
1. Mean from assumed mean
2. Cumulative frequency table
3. Ogive
4. Median
5. Quartiles
6. Range
7. Interquartile range
8. Quartile deviation
9. Variance
10. Standard deviation
3. LOCI
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Common types of loci
Perpendicular bisector loci
Loci of a point at a given distance from a fixed point and a fixed line
Angle bisector loci
Constant angle loci
Other loci under given condition including intersecting loci
loci of inequalities
Loci involving chords
4. TRIGONOMETRY (3)
1. Trigonometric ratios
2. Deriving the relation
1. `(sin^{2}(x))+(cos ^{2}(x))=1`
3. Graphs of trigonometric functions
1. y=sinx
2. y=cosx
3. y=tanx
4. y=a sinx
5. y=a cosx
6. y=a sinbx
7. y=a cosbx
8. y=a tanbx
9. `y=a sin(bx +- theta )`
10. `y=a cos(bx +- theta )`
11. `y=a tan(bx +- theta )`
4. Simple trigonometric equations amplitude, period,
wavelength and phase angle of trigonometric functions
5. THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
5.
Geometrical properties of common solids
Skew lines and projection of a line onto a plane
Length of a line in 3-dimensional geometry
The angle between
a line and a line
A line and a plane
A plane and a plane
Angles between skew lines
6. LONGITUDES AND LATITUDES
1. Latitude and longitudes (great and small circles)
2. The equator and Greenwich Meridian
3. Radii of small and great circles
4. Position of a place on the surface of the earth
5. Distance between two points along the small and great circles in nautical miles and
kilometres
6. Distance in nautical miles and kilometres along a circle of latitude
7. Time and longitude
8. Speed in knots and kilometres per hour
7. LINEAR PROGRAMMING
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Formation of linear inequalities
Analytical solutions of linear inequalities
Solutions of linear inequalities by graphs
Optimization (include objective function)
Application to real life situations
8. DIFFERENTIATION
1. Average and instantaneous rates of change
2. Gradient of a curve at a point
3. Gradient of `y=x^{n} (where n is a positive integer)
4. Delta notation `( Delta )`
5. Derivative of a polynomial
6. Equations of tangents and normals to the curve
7. Stationary points
8. Curve sketching
9. Application of differentiation in calculation of distance, velocity and acceleration
10. Maxima and minima
9. AREA APPROXIMATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Area by counting techniques
Trapezium rule
Area using trapezium rule
Mid-ordinate rule
Area by the mid-ordinate rule
10. INTEGRATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Differentiation
Reverse differentiation
Integration notation and sum of areas of trapezia
Indefinite and definite integrals
Area under a curve by integration
Application in kinematics
Biology Syllabus 231
FORM 1
1. Introduction to Biology
1.
2.
3.
4.
Definition of Biology
Branches of Biology
Importance of Biology
Characteristics of living organisms
5. Comparison between plants and animals
2. CLASSIFICATION 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
5.
Review and use of magnifying lens
External features of plants and animals
Necessity and significance of classification
Major units of classification( naming)
Kingdoms
Discussion of Binomial nomenclature
3. THE CELL
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definition of cell
Structure and functions of parts of a light microscope
Use and care of the light microscope
Cell structure and functions as seen under microscope
Preparation of temporary slides of plant cells
Estimation of cell size
Cell specialization, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Practical activities
Observe, identify, draw and state the functions of parts of the light microscope
Prepare and observe temporary slides of plant cells
Observe permanent slides of animal cells
Comparison between plant and animal cells
Observe, estimate size and calculate magnification of plant cells
4. CELL PHYSIOLOGY
1. Meaning of cell physiology
2. Structure and properties of cell membrane (Theories of
membrane structure not required)
3. Physiological properties- diffusion, osmosis and active
transport
4. Factors affecting diffusion, osmosis and active transport
in living organisms
5. Role of diffusion, osmosis and active transport in living
organisms
6. Water relations in plant and animal cells: turgor, plasmolysis, wilting and haemolysis
1. Diffusion as demonstrated with potassium permanganate or potassium iodide/ flower dyes/
coloured plant extracts/ smoke
2. Experiments with visking tubing and living tissues: fresh arrow roots/ cassava/ sweet
potatoes/ leaf petioles/ irish potatoes
3. Demonstration of plasmolysis
5. NUTRITION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Meaning, importance and types of nutrition
Nutrition in plants
Definition of photosynthesis and its importance in nature
Adaptations of leaf to photosynthesis
Structure and function of chloroplast
Process of photosynthesis- light and dark stage
Factors influencing photosynthesis
3. Chemical compounds which constitute living organisms
1. Chemical composition and functions of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
2. Properties and functions of enzymes
4. Nutrition in animals
1. Modes of feeding in animals
2. Dentition of a named carnivorous, herbivorous and
omnivorous mammal
3. Adaptation of the three types of dentition of feeding.
4. Internal structure of mammalian teeth.
5. Common dental diseases, their causes and treatment
5. Digestive system and digestion in a mammal human)
1. Digestive system, regions, glands and organs
associated with digestion.
2. Ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
6. Importance of vitamins, mineral salts, roughage and water in human nutrition
7. Factors determining energy requirements in humans
FORM 2
1. TRANSPORT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Meaning and importance of transport systems
Absorption of water and mineral salts
Internal structure of root and root hairs
Absorption of water
Active intake of mineral salts
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Transpiration
Definition of transpiration
Review of structure of the leaf.
Structure and function of xylem
Factors affecting transpiration
Forces involved in water movement in plants
4. Translocation
1. Structure and function of phloem
2. Materials translocated
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Comparison between closed and open circulatory system.
Mammalian circulatory system
Structure and function of heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
Diseases and defects of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries
Diseases and defects of the circulatory system.
The structure and functions of blood
Composition of blood
Functions of blood plasma
The structure and functions of red blood cells and white blood cells
Mechanism of blood clotting and its importance
8.
9.
1.
2.
3.
Blood groups (ABO system and rhesus factor)
Immune responses
Natural and artificial immunity
Allergic reactions
Importance of vaccinations against diseases
10. Practical Activities
1. Observe permanent slides of sections of stems and roots
2. Carry out experiments to compare transpiration on lower and upper surfaces
3. Observe wall charts/models
4. Analyse data on transpiration rate under different environmental conditions in plants
5. Dissect a small mammal and observe its transport system.
6. Make longitudinal section of the mammalian heart
to display the chambers and associated blood vessels
7. Record pulse rate at the wrist before and after vigorous activities and analyse the res ults
8. Demonstrate the unidirectional flow of blood in the cutaneous veins of the fore arm
2. GASEOUS EXCHANGE
1. Gaseous exchange in living organisms
2. Gaseous exchange in plants
1. Mechanism of opening and closing of the stomata
2. The process of gaseous exchange in roots, stem and
leaves of both aquatic and terrestrial plants
3. Gaseous exchange in animals
1. Types and characteristics of Respiratory surfaces cell membrane, gills, buccal cavity, skin and lungs
2. Mechanism of gaseous exchange in protozoa,
insect (grasshopper), fish (bonnyfish),Frog and human
3. Factors affecting rate of breathing in humans
4. Respiratory diseases: Asthma, Bronchitis, Pulmonary
Tuberculosis, Pneumonia and Whooping cough
3. RESPIRATION
1. Meaning and significance of respiration
2. Tissue respiration
1. Mitochondrion- structure and functions
2. Aerobic respiration
3. Anaerobic respiration in plants and animals
4. Application of anaerobic respiration in industry
and at home
5. Compare energy output of aerobic and anaerobic
respiration
4. EXCRETION AND HOMEOSTASIS
1. Excretion in Plants
1. Methods of excretion in plants
2. Useful and harmful excretory products of plants and their economic importance e.g. coffee,
caffeine
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Excretion and homeostasis in animals
Difference between excretion, homeostasis and egestion
Excretion in a named unicellular organism (protozoa)
Structure and functions of skin and kidney
Neuro-endocrine system and homeostasis
Common kidney diseases, their symptoms and possible methods of prevention and control
The role of skin in thermoregulation, salt and water balance
Major functions of liver and their contributions to homeostasis
Common diseases of liver, their symptoms and possible methods of prevention, control
FORM 3
1. CLASSIFICATION II
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Review of binomial nomenclature
General principles of classification
General characteristics of kingdoms
Monera
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
4.
1.
2.
3.
Main characteristics of major divisions of plantae
Bryophyta
Pterodophyta
Spermatophyta
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Main characteristics of phyla Arthropoda and Chordata
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Chilopoda
insecta
crustacea
arachnida
6. Construction and use of simple dichotomous keys based on observable features of plants
and animals
2. ECOLOGY
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Concepts of ecology
Habitat
Niche
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biomass
Carrying capacity
2. Factors in an ecosystem
1. Abiotic factors
2. Biotic factors
3. Inter-relationships:- Competition, predation,
saprophytism, parasitism and symbiosis
4. Nitrogen cycle
3. Energy flow in an ecosystem:- Food chains, food webs, decomposers, pyramid of numbers
and pyramid of biomass
4. Population estimation methods
1. Quadrat method
2. Line transect
3. Belt transect
4. Capture-recapture method
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Adaptations of plants to various habitats
Xerophytes
Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Halophytes
6. Effect of pollution on human beings and other organisms
Causes, effects and control of pollutants in air, water and soil
7.
1.
2.
3.
Human diseases
Bacterial diseases- Cholera and Typhoid
Protozoa- malaria and amoebic dysentry
Ascaris lumbricodes and schistosoma
3. REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1.
1.
2.
3.
1.
2.
3.
Concept of reproduction
Importance of reproduction
Chromosomes, meiosis and mitosis
Asexual reproduction
Binary fission in amoeba
Spore formation/ reproduction in mucor / Rhizopus
Budding in yeast
4. Sexual reproduction in plants
1. Structure and function of parts of named insect and
wind pollinated flowers
2. Pollination and agents of pollination
3. Features and mechanisms that hinder self
fertilization and self pollination
4. The process of fertilization
5. Fruit and seed formation and dispersal
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Sexual reproduction in animals
External fertilization in amphibians
Structure of the reproductive system of a named mammal (human)
Functions of the parts of reproductive system
Fertilization, implantation and role of placenta.
Gestation period
Role of hormones in reproduction in humans
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Sexually transmitted infections (S.T.Is)
Gonorrhea
Herpes Simplex
Syphilis, Trichomoniasis, hepatitis, Candidiasis
HIV/AIDS
7. Advantages and disadvantages of asexual and sexual
reproduction
4. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Concepts of growth and development
2. Growth and development in plants
1. Dormancy and ways of breaking it
2. Conditions necessary for germination
3. Measurement of one aspect of growth in a named
seedling e.g. region of growth
4. Primary and secondary growth
5. Role of growth hormone in plants
6. Apical dominance
3. Growth and development in animals
1. Complete and incomplete metamorphosis in insects
2. Role of growth hormones in insects
* FORM 4
1. GENETICS
1.
1.
2.
3.
Concept of genetics
Variation within plant and animal species
Review of chromosomes
Brief mention of genes and DNA (Without details of molecular structure of genes and DNA)
2.
1.
2.
3.
First law of heredity
Mendel's experiments- monohybrid inheritance(3:1 ratio)
Complete and incomplete dominance, back/ testcross
Inheritance of ABO blood groups and Rh factor
3. Sex determination in humans
4. Linkage: sex linked genes, sex linked characteristics e.g. colour blindness, Haemophilia,
Hairy ears and nose
5.
1.
2.
3.
Mutations
Types of mutations
Causes and consequences of chromosomal mutations
Gene mutations
2. EVOLUTION
1. Meaning of evolution
2. The origin of life
1. Special creation
2. Chemical evolution
3. Evidence of organic evolution
1. Fossil records
2. Geographical distribution - Continental drift
3. Comparative embryology
4. Comparative anatomy
5. Cell biology- occurrence of cell organelles and
blood pigments
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mechanisms of evolution
Lamarck's theory (Brief mention)
Evolution by natural selection
Natural selection in action e.g. peppered moth
Resistance to drugs, pesticides and antibiotics
3. RECEPTION, RESPONSE AND COORDINATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1. Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability
2. Reception, response and coordination in plants
1. Response to a variety of external stimuli
2. Tropisms and tactic movements and their survival values
3. Production of auxins and their effects on plant growth
3.
1.
2.
3.
Reception, responses and coordination in anim als
Components of the nervous system in a mammal
Structure and functions of the neurones
Functions of major parts of human brain
4. Simple and conditioned reflex actions
4. The role of hormones in coordination in a mammal
1. Effects of over secretion and under secretion of
adrenaline and thyroxine in humans
5. Effects of drug abuse on human health
6. Structure and functions of parts of the mammalian eye
1. Accommodation, image formation and interpretation
2. common eye defects and their corrections
7. Structure and functions of parts of the mammalian ear (human)
1. Hearing
2. Balance and posture
4. SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
1. Plants
1. Necessity for support and movement in plants
2. Review of tissue distribution in monocotyledonous
and dicotyledonous plants
2. Animals
1. Necessity for support and movement in animals
2. Types and functions of the skeleton
3. Locomotion in a finned fish
4. Identification of the bones of axial and appendicular
skeletons (names of individual bones of coccyx not required)
5. Types and functions of movable joints (ball and socket, hinge joint)
6. Structure, function and location of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscles
PHYSICS KCSE Examination Syllabus 232
FORM 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
physics as a science (reference to primary science syllabus)
Meaning of physics
Branches of physics
Relationship between physics and other subjects and technology
Career opportunities in physics
Basic laboratory safety rules
2. MEASUREMENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definition of length, area ,volume, mass, density and time
SI units and symbols
Estimation of quantities
Conservation of units
Measuring instruments
Experiments on density
Problems on density
3. FORCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definition of force
Types of forces including cohesive .adhesive and surface tension
Experiments to demonstrate cohesion, adhesion and surface tension)
Effects of force
Mass ,weight and their relationship
Scalar and vector quantities
Problems involving W=mg (take g=10n/Kg)
4. PRESSURE
1. Definition of pressure
2. Pressure in solids
3. Factors affecting pressure in fluid
4. Derivation of P=gh
5. Atmospheric pressure
6. Simple mercury barometer
7. Application of pressure drinking straw syringe siphon, hydraulic press hydraulic brakes
bicycles pump force, pump lift pump
8. Problems on pressure
5. PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER
1. Experiments to show that matter is made up of tin
particles (eg cutting papers into small pieces dilution experiments
2. Brownian motion
3. Diffusion (Grahams law not required)
6. THERMAL EXPANSION
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Temperature
thermometers
Liquids
clinical,
sixs maximum and minimum
Expansion of solids liquids and gases
Effects of expansion and contraction
Unusual expansion of water (anomalous expansion)
Application of thermal expansion include bimetallic strip
7. HEAT TRANSFER
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
Heat and temperature
Modes of heat transfer
Factors affecting heat transfer
Application of heat transfer on
Vacuum flask
Domestic hot water system
solar concentrators
8. RECTILINEAR PROPAGATION OF LIGHT AND REFLECTION AT PLANE
1. Rectilinear propagation of light
FORM 2
1. MAGNETISM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Magnets properties and uses
Magnetic and non magnetic materials
Basic law of magnetism
Magnetic field patterns
Magnetization and demagnetization
Domain theory of magnetism
Care of magnets
Constriction of a simple compass
2. MEASUREMENT II
1. Measurement of length using Vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauge
2. Decimal places ,significant figures and standard form
3. Estimation of the diameter of the molecule of oil (related to the size of the HIV virus
mention effects of oil spill on health and environment
4. Problems in measurements
5. Project Work
1. construct Vernier calipers
3. TURNING EFFECT OF A FORCE
1. Moment of a force unit of moment of a force
2. Principle of moments
3. Problems on principle of moments (consider single pivot only)
4. EQUILIBRIUM AND CENTRE OF GRAVITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Centre of gravity
State of equilibrium
Factors affecting stability
Application of stability
Problems on centre of gravity and moments of a force (consider single pivot only)
5. REFLECTION AT CURVED SURFACES
1. Concave and convex parabolic reflectors
2. Principal axis principal focus centre of curvature and related terms
3. Location of images formed by curved mirrors by
construction methods (Experimental on concave mirrors required)
4. Magnification formula
5. Application of curved reflectors
6. MAGNETIC EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Magnetic field due to a current
Oersteds experiment
Magnetic field patterns on straight conductors and solenoid( right hand grip rule )
Simple electromagnets
Factors affecting strength of an electromagnet
Motor effect (Fleming left hand rule)
Factors affecting force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field
8. Application :
1. Electric bell
2. Simple electric motors
9. Project work
1. construct an electromagnet and at least one of the following loudspeaker telephone
receiver
7. HOOKES' LAW
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hooks law
Spring constant
Spring balance
Problems on Hooke's laws
8. WAVES I
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pulses and waves
Transverse and longitudinal waves
Amplitude (a), Wavelength ( ) frequency (f) periodic time (T)
V=f
problems involving v=f
9. SOUNDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sound nature and sources (Experimental treatment required)
Propagation of sound compressions and rarefactions
Speed of sound by echo method
Factors affecting speed of sound
Problems on velocity of sound
10. FLUID FLOW
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Streamline and turbulent flow
Equation of continuity
Bernoulli's effect (Experimental treatment required)
Application of Bernoulli's effect Bunsen burner spray gun
Problems on equation of continuity
* FORM 3
1. LINEAR MOTION
1.Distance, displacement .speed velocity. acceleration (experimental treatment required )
2. Acceleration due to gravity
1. Free fall
2. Simple pendulum method
3. Motion time graphs:
1. Displacement time graphs
2. Velocity time graphs
4. Equations of uniform accelerated motion
5. Problems on uniform accelerated motion
2. REFRACTION OF LIGHT
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Refraction of light laws of refraction (experimental treatment required)
Determination of refractive index
Snell law
Real apparent depth
Critical angle
3. Dispersion of white light
4. Total internal reflection and its effects -. Critical angle
5. Applications of total internal reflection
1. Prism periscope
2. Optical fibre
6. Problems on refractive index and critical angle
3. NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Newton's laws of motion
experimental treatment on inertia required
Conservation of linear momentum elastic collisions inelastic collisions
F=ma
Frictional forces:
1. Advantages and disadvantages,
2. Viscosity
3. Terminal velocity qualitative treatment)
5. Problems on Newton's laws and law of conservation of linear
momentum (exclude problems on elastic collisions)
4. WORK ENERGY POWER AND MACHINES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Scale reading ammeter voltmeter
Electric circuits current potential difference
Ohms law (experimental treatment required)
Resistance types of resistors measurements of resistance and units
Electromotive force (emf )and internal resistance of a cell (E=V+Ir)
Resistors in series and in parallel
Galvanometers: Conversion to ammeters and Voltmeters
Problems on Ohms law resistors in series and in parallel
5. WAVES II
1.Properties of waves including sound waves :reflection refraction diffraction interference
Experimental treatment required)
2. Constructive interference and destructive interference
3. Stationary waves (qualitative and experimental treatment required)
6. ELECTROSTATICS II
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Electric field patterns
Charge distribution on conductors spherical and pear shaped conductors
Action at points lightning arrestors
Capacitance unit of capacitance (farad microfarad) factors affecting capacitance
Applications of capacitors
Problems on capacitors (using Q=CV, Ct=C1+C2)
7. HEATING EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
Simple experiments on heating effect
Factors affecting electrical energy W=VIt, P=VI
Heating devices electric kettle, electric iron bulb filament electric heater
Problems on electrical energy and electrical power
8. QUANTITY OF HEAT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Heat capacity specific heat capacity units Experimental treatment required)
Latent heat of fusion, latent heat of treatment necessary)
Boiling and melting
Pressure cooker refrigerator
Problem on quantity of heat (Q=MC Q=MC
6. Project work
1. Construct a charcoal refrigerator cooler)
9. GAS LAWS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Boyles law Charles law pressure law, absolute zero
Kelvin scale of temperature
Gas laws and kinetic theory of gases
Problems on gas laws including PV/T constant)
* FORM 4
1. THIN LENSES
1. Types of lenses
2. Ray diagrams and terms used
3. Image formed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ray construction
Characteristics,
Magnification.
Determination of focal length Experimental treatment required)
1. Estimation methods
2. Lens formula,
3. Lens-mirror method
5. Human eye, defects short sightedness only)
6. Optical devices:
1. Simple microscope
2. Compound microscope,
3. The camera
4. Problems involving the lens formula and the
magnification formula
7. Project
1. construct a telescope
2. UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
1. The radian, angular displacement, angular velocity
2. Centripetal forces; F=mv2/r, F=mrw2
3. Application of uniform circular motion
4. Centrifuge, vertical horizontal circles banked tracks ( calculation on banked tracks and
conical pendulum not required)
5. Problems solving
1. (apply F=mv2/r, F=mrw2)
3. FLOATING AND SINKING
1.Archimedes' principle law of floating (experimental treatment)
2. Relative density
3. Application of Archimedes principle and relative density
4. Problems of Archimedes principle
5. Project work
1. Construct a hydrometer
4. ELECTROMAGNETI C SPECTRUM
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Properties of electromagnetic waves
Detection of electromagnetic (e.m) radiations
Applications of (e.m.) radiations
Problems involving c=f
5. ELECTROMAGNETI C INDUCTION
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Simple experiments to illustrate electromagnetic induction
Induction emf
Faradays law,
Lenz's law
Mutual induction
Alternating current generator, direct current generator
Flemming right hand rule
Transformers
7. application of electromagnetic induction
1. Induction coils
2. moving coil loudspeaker
8. Problems on transformers
9. Project work
1. Construction a simple transformer
6. MAINS ELECTRICITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
sources of mains electricity
Power transmission
Domestic wiring system
Kw-hr, consumption and cost of electrical energy
Problems in mains electricity
Excursion a field trip to a power station recommended
7. CATHODE RAYS AND CATHODE RAY TUBE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Production of cathode rays, cathodes ray tube
Properties of cathodes rays
C.R.O and TV tubes
uses of C.R.O
Problems on C.R.O
8. X-RAYS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Production of X rays ,X-ray tubes
Energy changes in an x-ray tube
Properties pf X-rays, soft X-rays and hard X-rays
Dangers of X-rays (Braggs law not required)
Problems on X-rays
9. PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
Photoelectric effect. protons, threshold frequency: work
Factors affecting photoelectric emission
Energy of photons
Einstein equation
hf=hf+1/2 mv2
5.
1.
2.
3.
Application of photoelectric effects
photo emissive
photo conductive
photovoltaic cell
6. Problems on photoelectric emission
7. Project work
10. RADIO ACTIVITY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Radioactive decay
Half life
Types of radiations, properties of radiations
Detectors of radiation
Nuclear fission ,nuclear fusion
Nuclear equations
Hazards of radioactivity, precautions
Applications
Problems on half life (integration nor required
11. ELECTRONICS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Conductors semi conductors, insulators
Intrinsic and extrinsic semi conductors
Doping
p-n junction diode
Applications of diodes half wave rectification and full wave rectification
Project work
CHEMISTRY Syllabus
FORM 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Definition of chemistry and its role in society
Properties of matter
States of matter
Mixtures and their separations
Conductors and non-conductors of electricity
Mention of drugs prescription, dosage and abuse)
Chemistry laboratory
1. Heating apparatus Bunsen burner, spirit
lamp, candle, gas or kerosene stove and electric heater)
2. Parts of a Bunsen burner and its flame
3. Measuring apparatus volume, temperature, mass, time)
4. Other apparatus glass ware, spatula, deflagrating
spoon, crucible, wire gauze e.tc)
5. Laboratory safety rules
2. SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES
1. Separation of mixtures
1. Filtration, evaporation and condensation
2. Distillation simple and fractional),
chromatography, solvent extraction as a method of extracting
oil from nut seeds, crystallization, separation by using
separating funnel, sublimation and decantation
3. Simple criteria for purity; melting point and
boiling point
2. Effect of heat on substances
1. States of matter solid, liquid, gases); The kinetic theory
2. Melting and boiling, condensation and evaporation of liquids in terms of kinetic theory
3. Permanent and non-permanent changes illustrate using iodine, wax, copper (II) sulphate
crystals, potassium manganate (VII), Zinc (II) oxide e.t.c)
3.
1.
2.
3.
Constituents of matter
Elements, atoms, molecules and compounds
Names and symbols of common elements
Simple word equations
4. Applications
1. Fractional distillation of crude oil (e.g changamwe oil refinery) and liquid air, salt extraction
e.g. Magadi soda
Company and Ngomeni; removal of stains from fabrics (dry cleaning); obtaining cream from
milk
5. Projects
1. Extraction of natural dyes, medicines and oils from plants
2. Construction and use of a fractionating column
3. ACIDS, BASIS AND INDICATORS
1. Acid/Base indicators
1. Plant-extracts as simple acid-base indicators
2. Common acid-base indicators, universal indicators and pH scale
3. Acidic, neutral and basic/alkaline solutions illustrated by the use of the following examples;
water, aqueous solution/suspension; lemon juice, soap, wood ash, baking powder, anti-acid
tablets and powders, toothpaste, sour milk, ammonia, ammonium sulphate, sodium chloride,
sodium hydroxide, carbon (IV) oxide, sulphur (IV) oxide, sulphur acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric
acid, calcium hydroxide and
magnesium oxide
2. Simple properties of acids and bases
1. Reaction of dilute acids with metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and hydrogen
carbonates
2. Effects of acids on substances
3. Applications
1. Use of acids and bases
4. Projects
1. Investigate various plant extracts and use them as
acid/base indicators
4. AIR AND COMBUSTION
1. Composition of air
1.Approximate percentage of nitrogen and oxygen in air by volume mention of carbon dioxide
and noble gases as other constituents of air)
2. Quantitative determination of oxygen in air using copper, iron fillings and burning candle
3. Burning of substances in air; carbon, sulphur, phosphorus (CARE), sodium and copper
4. Oxygen as an active part of air mass changes involved)
5. Fractional distillation of liquefied air
6. Rusting: conditions, composition and prevention
2. Oxygen
1. Laboratory preparation of oxygen using 20 volume by volume (v/v) hydrogen peroxide with
water( relate methods of collection to the properties of the gas)
2. Properties; physical and chemical
3. Combustion of elements in oxygen (metals and non-metals)
4. Competition for combined oxygen illustrated by the
reaction of magnesium with carbon (IV) oxide, lead (II) oxide and copper(II)oxide
5. Mention atmospheric pollution due to burning in oxygen
3. Reactivity series
1. Order of reactivity of elements from reaction with
oxygen: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium,
carbon, zinc, iron, lead and copper
2. Uses: oxy-acetylene in welding; life support
functions
4. Application
1. Extraction of metals - use the concept of reactivity series only)
5. Projects
1. Determination of oxygen in water from different sources. Investigate industrial processes of
large scale oxygen production (e.g the British Oxygen Company (BOC) Kenya Limited)
5. WATER AND HYDROGEN
1. Water
1. Sources of water; Burning of organic matter e.g burning candle in air(test for carbon (IV)
oxide and water vapour using calcium hydroxide and cobalt chloride paper or anhydrous
copper (II)sulphate respectively)
2. Water as an oxide of hydrogen
3. Reaction of sodium, calcium, magnesium with cold water
and reaction of magnesium, zinc, iron with steam.
4. Hydrogen
1. Laboratory preparation of hydrogen by reacting a metal with dilute acid. Test for hydrogen
2. Properties: physical and chemical
3. Oxidation and reduction (Oxygen gain and removal only)
4. Uses - manufacture of margarine, rocket fuels,
ammonia, hydrochloric acid, Oxy-hydrogen flame for welding and
weather balloons)
5. Project
1. Identification of common pollutants of water from local sources and suggesting their control
* FORM 2
1. STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM AND PERIODIC TABLE
1. The structure of the atom
1. Names and symbols of the first twenty elements of the periodic table
2. Simple structure of the atom; protons, electrons, neutrons; elect ron energy levels in atoms
2. Atomic characteristics
1. Definition of atomic number, mass number, isotopes
and relative atomic mass (reference C-12); Examples of isotopes
2. Calculation of relative atomic mass from relative
abundance of isotopes of an element
3. The periodic table
1. Build up of the periodic table for the first twenty elements on the basis of energy levels
4. Ion formation
1. Formation of simple ions (cations and anions):qualitative treatment of the ionisation energy
and electron affinity
2. Writing of the electron arrangement of ions formed from atoms; lithium, sodium, fluorine,
chlorine, aluminium, magnesium and sulphur; definition of valency and oxidation numbers.
3. Derive latency and oxidation number of an element from atoms; its position in the periodic
table
4. Names and formula of common radicals
5. Use of valencies in determining the chemical formula of some common compounds
6. Writing simple balanced chemical equations
5. Project
1. Atomic model construction
2. CHEMICAL FAMILIES; PATTERNS IN PROPERTIES
1. Alkali metals (Group 1); Lithium, sodium and potassium
1. Electron arrangement, gradation in size of the
atom, ion and trends in ionisation energy
2. Physical properties; appearance, melting point,
boiling point, thermal and electrical conductivity
3. Reaction with air, water and chlorine
4. Similarity of ions and formula of hydroxides,
oxides and chlorides of alkali metals
5. Uses of alkali metals( sodium only)
2. Alkaline-earth metals Group 2)(Berylium, magnesium, and calcium)
1. Electron arrangement, gradation in size of atom,
ion and trend of ionisation energy
2. Physical properties; appearance, melting point,
boiling point, thermal and electrical conductivity
3. Reaction with air, water, chlorine and dilute acids
4. Similarity of ions and formula of oxides,
hydroxides and chlorides
5. Importance of alkaline earth metals
3. Halogens Fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine)
1. Electron configuration of chlorine and fluorine, gradation in size of atoms and ions
2. Physical properties (Appearance, melting point, boiling point, thermal and electrical
conductivity)
3. Reaction with metals, sodium, zinc, iron and water
4. Similarity of ions and formulae of compounds
5. Importance of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
4. Noble gases (Helium, neon, argon )
1. Electron arrangement and gradation in size of atoms
2. Electron arrangement-the basis of low reactivity of helium, neon and argon
3. Importance of noble gases
5. Properties and Trends Across a period
1. Period three elements sodium, magnesium, aluminium, silicon, phosphorus ,sulphur,
chlorine and argon)
2. Electron arrangement of the elements
3. Physical properties of period three elements atomic
size, ionisation energy, melting point, boiling point, thermal
and electrical conductivity)
4. Reaction of period three elements with oxygen,
water and dilute acids. (Caution: Reaction of sodium with acids is explosive. Give theoretical
treatment only)
6. Project
1. Construction of the models of the periodic table
3. STRUCTURE AND BONDING
1. The role of outer electrons in chemical bonding
1. Significance of outer electrons in chemical bonding
2. The noble gas electron arrangement
3. Electron transfer and ionic bonding
4. Electron sharing and covalent bonding
5. Use dot(.) and cross (x) diagrams to illustrate bonding, electrostatic forces of attraction in
the following: molecular (iodine ), giant covalent (diamond, graphite and silicon (IV) oxide),
giant ionic (sodium chloride) and giant metallic copper)
6. Other types of bonds: coordinate, hydrogen bond,
van der waals forces of attraction( simple explanation only)
7. The influence of hydrogen bonds and Van der waals
forces on physical properties melting point, boiling point,
solubility, electrical and thermal conductivity)
2. Types of Bonds Across a Period
1. Changes in types of chemical bonds in oxides and chlorides of sodium, magnesium,
aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, Sulphur and chlorine
3. Applications
1. Selection of materials for various uses; e.g.
diamond, graphite and aluminium
4. Project
1. Investigation of materials in terms of their
structure and bonding
4. SALTS
1. Methods of preparing salts
1. Preparation of soluble salts by reaction of acids with; metals, metal hydroxides, metal
carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates
2. Preparation of insoluble salts by precipitation (ionic equations required)
3. Direct combination reaction( e.g. sodium with chlorine, iron with sulphur)
4. Types of salts; normal, acid and double salts
2. Solubility of salts
1. Solubility of sulphates, chlorides, nitrates and carbonates in water
2. Relationship between method of preparation and solubility
3. Action of heat on salts
1. Effects of heat on the following salts; carbonates, nitrates, sulphates and hydrated salts
(include ammonium salts)
2. Applications
4. Project
1. Analysing anti-acid drugs
5. EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT ON SUBSTANCES
1. Conduction of electricity
1. Conductors and non-conductors
2. Test of conduction of electricity by:
* FORM 3
1. GAS LAWS
1.
1.
2.
3.
Boyle's law and Charles' law
Boyle's law, Charles law and combined gas laws
Explanation of the laws
Calculations involving gas laws
2. Grahams' law of diffusion
2. THE MOLE: FORMULAE AND CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
1.
1.
2.
3.
The mole as a basic unit
Molar mass
Relative atomic mass
Conversion of mass in grams to moles and vice versa
2. Determination of formulae
Empirical and mass formulae, Molar solutions . Molar gas volume
3. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1 (HYDROCARBONS)
1. Alkanes
2. Alkenes
3. Alkynes
4. Action of heat on nitrates
4. NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS
1. Isolation of nitrogen gas from air
2. Laboratory preparation of nitrogen gas
3. Oxides of nitrogen (nitrogen (I) oxide, nitrogen (II) oxide, nitrogen (iv) oxide )
4. Ammonia
5. Nitric acid
SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Occurrence and extraction of sulphur
Sulphur (iv) oxide (sulphur dioxide)
Manufacture of sulphuric(vi) acid
Properties of sulphuric(vi) acid
Hydrogen sulphide
6. CHLORINE AND ITS COMPOUNDS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Chlorine
Hydrogen chloride
Effects of solvent on the properties of hydrogen chloride
Use of hydrogen chloride gas
* FORM 4
1. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
1.
1.
2.
3.
Acid and bases
Acids as substances which dissociate in water to give hydrogen ions
Bases as substances which dissociates in water to give hydroxide ions
Weak and strong acids and bases
2. Characteristics of amphoteric oxides and hydroxides
1. Reactions with acids and alkalis
3. Role of solvent
1. Characteristics of hydrogen chloride in methyl benzene and aqueous solution
2. Reaction of dry and aqueous ammonia
4. Salts
1. Salts as ionic compounds formed when cations combine with anions
2. Precipitation reactions
5. Complex ions
6. Water and hardness
2. ENERGY CHANGES IN CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROCESSES
1. Endothermic and exothermic reactions
1. Enthalpy notation for exothermic and endothermic
reactions
2. Latent heat
1. Molar heat of fusion and vaporization as evidence
of overcoming forces of attraction between particles
3. Quantitative determination of enthalpies
1. Formation of hydrogen chloride gas from hydrogen
and chlorine
4. Simple energy level diagrams
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
Hess Law
Relate heat of solution to hydration and lattice energy Common fuels; Energy contents of:
Charcoal, fuel, oil, ethanol (methylated spirit), kerosene and diesel
Choice of fuel
Precautions necessary when using fuels
6. Pollution by common fuels
3. REACTION RATES AND REVERSIBLE REACTIONS
1. Reaction rates
1. Definition of rate of reaction
2. Collision theory and activation energy (qualitative treatment only)
3. Qualitative treatment of the effects of
concentration, pressure, temperature.
2. Reversible reactions
1. Equilibrium as the state of balance
2. Le chateliers principle
3. Uses in industrial processes( Haber and contact processes)
4. ELECTROCHEMISTRY
1.
1.
2.
3.
2.
1.
2.
Redox reactions
Electron transfer( gain and loss of electrons)
Determination of oxidation numbers
Use an illustration of iron (II)
Displacement reactions ( as redox reactions)
Reducing power
Oxidising power of halogens
3. Electrochemical cells
1. Qualitative treatment of the electron flow in zinc and copper
2. Standard electrode potentials
4. Electrolysis
1. Role of water in electrolysis
2. Preferential discharge in electrolysis
3. Factors affecting preferential discharge
5. Applications
1. Extraction of metals
2. Copper refining, electroplating
METALS
1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Metals, methods of extraction:
Chief metal ores of: sodium, aluminium, zinc, iron, copper and lead
General methods of extraction (electrolysis and reduction)
The electrolytic production of sodium and aluminium
Extraction of iron, copper and zinc from their ores.
Properties of metals
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physical properties
Chemical properties
Uses of metals and their alloys
Pollution effect of the industrial production of metals on the environment
6. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II (ALKANOLS AND ALKANOIC ACIDS)
1.
1.
2.
3.
Alkanols
General formula( ROH)
Preparation of alkanols
Uses-solvents, fuels and pharmaceuticals
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alkanoic acids
General formula -RCOOH
Nomenclature
Preparation by oxidation of primary alkanols
Gradual change in physical properties
Acid properties
3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Detergents
Soapy detergents
Soapless detergents
Polymers
Names of some natural polymers and fibres
Names of some synthetic fibres and polymers
Synthetic rubber
Advantages and disadvantages of synthetic polymers and fibres over those of natural origin
Uses of polymers and fibres
7. RADIOACTIVITY
1. Stability of isotopes of elements
1. Types of radiation, beta and gamma rays
2. Radioactive decay as measured by half life
3. Nuclear equations: changes in nuclei resulting from radioactive decay by alpha and gamma
rays
4. Qualitative treatment of fission and fusion
2. Uses and importance of radioisotopes in chemistry, medicine, carbon dating and
agriculture
3. Pollution effects of radioactivity
1. Dangers of radioisotopes
2. Environmental pollution
Agriculture Syllabus
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The Secondary Agriculture course aims to:
1.
develop an understanding of agriculture and its importance to the family and t he
nation;
promote interest in agriculture as an industry and create awareness of opportunities
existing in agriculture and related sectors;
3. demonstrate that farming is a dignified and profitable occupation;
4. enhance skills needed in carrying out agricultural practices;
5. provide a background for further studies in agriculture;
6. develop self-reliance, resourcefulness and problem solving abilities in agriculture;
7. develop occupational outlook in agriculture;
8. enable schools to take an active part in national development through agricultural
activities;
9. create awareness of the role of agriculture in industrial and technological
development;
10. enhance understanding of the role of technology and industrialization in agricultural
development;
2.
II. promote agricultural activities which enhance environmental conservation;
12. promote consciousness of health promoting activities in agricultural production.
1.0.9 INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE
1.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define agriculture;
b) state the main branches of agriculture;
c) describe farming systems;
d) describe farming methods;
e) explain the role of agriculture in the economy.
1.2.0 Content
1.2.1 Definition of agriculture.
1.2.2 Branches of agriculture.




Crop-farming (Amble farming) - Field crops; Horticulture - Floriculture (flower
farming), Olericulture (vegetable farming) and Promoculture (fruit farming).
Livestock farming: Pastoralism (mammalian livestock farming); Fish farming;
Apiculture (Bee keeping); Poultry keeping
Agricultural economics
Agricultural engineering.
1.2.3 Systems of fanning; Extensive, Intensive, Large scale, and Small sea Study these under
the following headings; Meaning, Advantages and
Disadvantages.
1.2.4 Methods of farming: Mixed farming; Nomadic Pastoralism; Shifting cm Organic farming;
Agro-forestry.
1.25 Roles of agriculture in the economy: Food supply; Source of employment Foreign
exchange earner; Source of raw materials for industries; Provision market for industrial
goods; Source of capital.
2.0.0 FACTORS INFLUENCING AGRICULTURE
2.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the human factors influencing agriculture;
b) explain biotic factors influencing agriculture;
c) explain how climatic factors influence agriculture;
d) define soil;
e) describe the process of soil formation g) determine soil constituents;
h) classify soils by physical characteristics;
i) explain chemical properties of soils;
j) relate crop and livestock distribution to soils in different regions.
2.2.1 Content
2.2.2 Human factors: Levels of education and technology; Health — HIV/AIDS and health in
general; Economy (include liberalization); Transport and communication; Market forces (local
and international); Government policy; Cultural and religious beliefs.
2.2.3 Biotic Factors: Pests, Parasites, Decomposers, Pathogens, Predators, Pollinators
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
2.2.4 Climatic Factors


Rainfall: Intensity, Reliability, Quantity; Distribution.
Temperature: - How topography and altitude affect temperature.
- How temperature influences crop and livestock production.


Wind: Evapotranspiration, Lodging, Pollination, Seed dispersal, Soil erosion
Light — Intensity, Duration — long, neutral and short day plants, Wavelength
Note: - Each factor to be discussed with respect to Land potentiality, Crop production,
Livestock production, Crop and livestock distribution in Kenya.
2.2.5 Edaphic factors: Definition of soil, Soil formation, Soil profile (definition, characteristics
of different soil layers, difference between soil formed in situ and depositions, Soil depth and
its influence on crop production).




Soil constituents: Constituents, Importance of each constituent, Physical properties of
soil.
Soil Structure — definition, types, influence on crop production.
Soil texture —definition, soil textural classification, influences on crop growth and
production, porosity, capillarity, drainage and water retention capacity.
Soil colour

Chemical properties of soil -Soil pH, PH influence on crop growth and production,
effects of pH on mineral availability.
3.0.0 SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION
3.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define soil erosion;
b) explain the various factors that influence erosion;
c) list the agents of erosion;
d) describe various types of erosion;
e) describe various methods of erosion control;
1) carry out soil erosion control measures;
g) describe water harvesting and conservation techniques;
h) describe micro-catchments and their uses;
i) design and construct a micro-catchment.
3.2.0 Content
3.2.1 Soil erosion - definition
3.2.2 Factors influencing erosion: land use and ground cover, topography-gradient and
length of slope (horizontal and vertical intervals).


Soil type and condition (Erodability)
Rainfall intensity (Erosivity)
3.2.3 Agents of erosion: Water, Wind, Human beings and Animals.
3.2.4 Types of erosion: Splash/rain drop, Sheet, Rill, Gully (gully formation, types of gullies),
River bank, Solifluction, Landslides.
3.2.5 Biological/cultural control: Grass strips, Cover crops, Contour farming and strip
cropping, Mulching, Afforestation/forestation.
.2.6 Physical/structural control: Stone lines, Filterstrips, Trashlines, Terraces (level, graded,
broad-based, narrow-based. Bench, fanya juu, fanya chini), Bunds, Cutoff-drains/Diversion
ditches, Gabions/porous dams, Ridging.
3.2.7 Water harvesting: Roof catchments, Rock catchments, Weirs and dams, Ponds,
Retention ditches/Level terraces.
3.2.8 Micro-catchments: Types, Uses, Laying out and construction methods.
4.0.0 WATER SUPPLY, IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE
4.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) state the sources of water for the farm;
b) describe collection, storage, pumping and conveyance of water;
c) describe water treatment and explain its importance;
d) define irrigation;
e) explain the importance of litigation;
1) describe methods of irrigating land;
g) list the equipment used in litigation;
h) grow a crop through irrigation;
1) cart: out maintenance oil drilling equipment and facilities;
j) define drainage;
k) explain the importance of drainage;
1) describe the methods of drainage;
m) explain how agricultural activities pollute water and how this can be prevented;
4;2;0 Content
4;2;l Water supply: Sources of water4 Collection and storage of water Pumps and pumping,
Conveyance of water (Piping types of pipes Choice of pipes, Canals, Transportation in
containers), Water treatment (Meaning, Methods, Importance), Uses of water on the farm
4;2;2 litigation: Definition, Importance (include irrigation as a method of land reclamation)
Methods (surface4 subsurface, overhead, drip).
Note.’- the advantages and the disadvantages of each.
Maintenance practices of each irrigation system.
4;2i Project on crop production through any method of Irrigation.
414 Drainage: Definition, Importance (include as a method of land ret lamatioii)5
Methods of drainage (surface, sub-surface, pumping, planting of appropriate trees);
4;2; Water Pollution: Meanings Agricultural practices that pollute water, Methods of pollution
prevention and control.
SOIL FERTlLITY I (Organic Manures)
Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic5 the learner should be able to:
a) define soil fertility;
b) explain how soil fertility can be maintained; describe how soil loses fertility;
l) define and distinguish organic matter manure and humus;
e) explain the Importance of organic matter In the soil
f) describe the different organic manures;
g) prepare compost manure
Soil fertility Definition4 How soil loses fertility, Maintenance of soil fertility. Organic Manure
Organic matter and humus4 Importance of organic matter in the soil, types of organic
manures - green manure, Famyard manure Compost manure
Note; For each type, describe its preparation, advantages and disadvantages and u4c.
5.2.3 Compost manure: Meaning, Materials used and materials to avoid, Preparation methods
and procedure (Heap and Pit).
6.0.0 SOIL FERTILITY: II (INORGANIC FERTILIZERS)
6.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) list the essential elements;
b) classify’ the essential elements;
c) state the role of each macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients;
d) describe the deficiency symptoms of the macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients;
e) identify and classify fertilizers;
1) describe the properties of various fertilizers;
g) describe soil sampling and testing procedures;
h) use appropriate methods of fertilizer application;
i) calculate fertilizer application rates;
j) explain how soil acidity and alkalinity affect crop production.
6.2.0 Content
6.2.1 Essential elements
• Macro-nutrients: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, fertilizer elements (N.PK.), liming elements
(Ca, Mg), Sulphur, Role of macro-nutrients in crops,
Deficiency symptoms of macro-nutrients ts in crops
• Micro-nutrients: Role of micro-nutrients in crops, Deficiency symptoms of micro-nutrients in
crops,
6.2.2 Inorganic fertilizers: Classification of fertilizers, Identification of fertilizers, Properties of
fertilizers, Methods of fertilizer application, Determination of fertilizer rates..
6.2.3 Soil sampling: Meaning, Soil sampling methods and procedures, Sites to avoid,
Preparation and Procedure of sending soil for testing.
6.2.4 Soil testing: Meaning, Importance, Testing for pH, How soil pH affects crop production.
Note Learners to mak e a table showing optimum pH range for various crops.
7.0.0 FARM TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
7.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) identify various farm tools and equipment;
b) name parts of various farm tools and equipment;
c) describe the use of various tools and equipment
d) carry out maintenance practices on tools and equipment.,
7.2.0 Content
7.2.1 Garden tools and equipment
7.2.2 Workshop tools and equipment: Woodwork tools and equipment, Metalwork tools and
equipment.
7.2.3 Livestock production tools and equipment
7.2.4 Plumbing tools and equipment
7.2.5 Masonry tools and equipment.
Note: Study the above tools under the headings: Name and uses, Parts and uses,
Maintenance practices
See the appendix for the list of tools and equipment to be studied.
8.0.0 CROP PRODUCTION I (LAND PREPARATION)
8.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) explain the importance of land preparation;
b) describe the various types of cultivation;
c) relate cultivation operation to correct tools and or implements;
d) prepare a piece of land ready for crop production.
8.2.0 Content
8.2.1 Land preparation: Definition, Importance.
8.2.2 Operations in land preparation: Clearing land before cultivation (importance include
clearing as a method of land reclamation; Methods and equipment.

Primary cultivation: Definition and importance, Timing, Choice of tools implements

Secondary cultivation: Definition and importance, Number of operations, Relating final
tilth to the intended planting material.
Tertiary operations: Ridging, Rolling, Leveling

Note: For each operation: give reasons and explain how it is carried out.
• Sub-soiling: Meaning, Importance, Equipment used.
8.2.3 Minimum tillage: Definition, Importance, Practices.
9.0.0 CROP PESTS AND DISEASES
9.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) define pest and disease;
b) state the main causes of crop diseases;
c) describe the harmful effects of crop pests and diseases;
d) identif’ and classify some of crop pests and diseases;
e) carry out general disease and pest control measures.
9.2.0 Content
9.2.1 Pests: Definition, Classification of pests (mode of feeding, Crops attacked, Stage of
growth of crop attacked, Field and storage pests), Identification of common pests, Harmful
effects of pests, est control measures.
9.2.2 Diseases: Definition, Classification of diseases according to cause, Identification of
common diseases, Disease control, Harmful effects of diseases, Disease control measures.
10.0.0 CROP PRODUCTION II (PLANTING)
10.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
a) state the correct planting materials for various crops;
b) select and prepare planting materials;
c) determine the optimum time of planting;
d) state the factors which determine the depth of planting;
e) describe the planting procedures for different crops;
f) state the factors that determine seed rate, spacing and plant population;
g) calculate plant population.
10.2.0 Content
10.2.1 Types of planting materials



Seeds: Description, Advantages, Disadvantages,
Vegetative materials: Description, Advantages, Disadvantages
Plant parts used for vegetative propagation: Slips, Splits, Bulbils, Crowns,
Suckers, Tubers, Vines, Cuttings and setts.
10.2.2 Selection of planting materials: Suitability to ecological conditions (use maize hybrids
and coffee varieties as examples), Purity, Germination percentage,
Certified seeds.
.2.3 Preparation of planting materials: Breaking dormancy, Disease and pest control/seed
dressing, Seed inoculation, Chitting.
Note: Give appropriate crop examples for each practice.
10.2.4 Planting:

Timing - factors to consider, advantages of timely planting.

Methods of planting: broadcasting, row planting, oversowing (refer to pastures),
undersowing.
note: Give appropriate crop examples for each method
Plant population:


Spacing - factors to consider, seed rate
Calculation of plant population per unit area. : Factors to consider
110,0 CROP PRODUCTION III (NURSERY PRACTICES
11,1,0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe a nursery bed;
(b distinguish between a nursery bed, a seedling bed and a seed bed;
(c) state the importance of a nursery bed;
(d) select a suitable site for a nursery
(e) prepare a nursery bed;
(0 establish a nursery bed
(g manage a nursery bed;
(h) transplant crops from a nursery;
(1) bud a seedling;
Q) graft a seedling;
(k) explain the importance of budding, grafting, layering and tissue culture;
(I) describe damage caused by animals on tree seedling and how to prevent it
11 2,0 Content
Nursery bed:
Definition, Difference between a nursery bed, seedling bed and a seed bed, importance, Site
selection, nursery establishment (vegetable nursery, tree nursery, vegetative propagation
nursery (tea as an example)
use of sleeves and other innovations for growing young plants making and using seedling
boxes for growing young plants preparation of rooting medium
preparation of cuttings.
11,22 Routine management in raising seedlings: Seed drilling, Mulching, Watering,
Shading, Pricking out, Hardening off, Weed control, Pest control, Disease control,
I I,23 Budding: Meaning, Methods and procedure, Appropriate plants, Appropriate tools and
materials.
Note: Learners to practise budding of orange scions on lemon root -stocks or other
appropriate plants,
II l4 Grafting: Meaning, Methods and procedure, Appropriate plants, Appropriate tools
and materials.
Note: Learners to practice grqlIing on appropriate fruit trees.
1124 Importance of budding and grafting.
11.2.6 Layering: Methods, Importance, Appropriate crops/plants t br layering, Materiah used in
layering.
11.2.7 Tissue culture fbr crop propagation
11.2.8 Transplanting of vegetable seedlings from nursery to seedbed: Timing, Procedure and
precautions
11.2.9 Transplanting of tree seedlings: Timing, Digging appropriate holes, Planting including
firming and watering, Protecting the seedlings after transplanting
- Shading
- Damage caused by animals on tree seedlings and how to prevent it.
12.0.0 CROP PRODUCTION IV (FIELD PRACTICES I
12.IS Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic the learner should be able tot
(a) define crop rotation;
(I,) state the importance of crop rotation;
(c) draw a crop rotation programme;
(d) distinguish terms used in crop fanning;
(e) state the importance of mulching in crop production;
(f) describe the importance of various routine field practices In crop production;
(g) catty out various field practices;
(h) state the correct stage rot harvesting various crops;
(i) describe harvesting practices for various crops
122O Content
12.2.1 Crop rotation: Definition, Importance, Factors influencing crop rotation, Rotational
programmes.
12.12 Terms used in crop production; Monocropping, intercropping, Mixed cropping
12.2.3 Mulching; Meaning, Importance, Types of mulching materials (organic, inorganic),
Advantages and disadvantages of mulching materials.
12.24 Routine field practices: Thinning, Rogueing; Gapping, Training Pruning( Coffee single
and multiple stem, capping, de-suckering, changing cycles; banana stool management;
pyrethrum - cutting back), Earthing up, Crop protection (weed control pests and disease
control
Note:- Study the importance and timing of each activity and the appropriate kite crops.
12.2.5 Harvesting: Stage and timing of harvesting, Methods of harvesting, Precautions during
harvesting
12.2.6 Post = harvesting practices: Threshing/shelling, Drying, Cleaning, Sorting and grading,
Dusting, Packaging.
12.2.7 Storage: Importance, types of storage, Preparation of *tore.
13.0.0 CROP PRODUCTION V (VEGETABLES)
13.1.1 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) grow a vegetable crop from nursery establishment to harvesting;
(b) keep a crop production records;
(c) market farm produce.
13.2.0 Content
13.2.1 Vegetable crops: Tomatoes (use varieties that require pruning and staking), Carrots,
Onions, Cabbages/Kales.
14.0.0 CROP PRODUCTION VI (FIELD PRACTICES II
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe management practices in crop production;
(b) carry out management practices for a given crop;
(c) explain how crop production can be an economically lucrative activity.
14.2.0 Content
14.2.1 Production of: Maize/millet/sorghum, Beans
• Discuss the above crops under the following:- Meaning of hybrids, composites and cultivars
- Selecting best hybrids, composites or cultivars for given climatic regions.
- Raising of a maize/sorghum/millet and bean crop from seed bed preparation to harvesting.
- Keeping records in production of maize/sorghum millet and beans.
14.2.2 Rice production: Land preparation, Water control, Use of flooding in rice-field, Fertilizer
application, Weed control.
14.2.3 Harvesting of the following crops: Cotton, Pyrethrum, Sugar cane , Tea, Coffee Under
the following: Stage of harvesting; ; Method and procedure of harvesting; Precautions in
harvesting.
Note: Compare cost of production with value of product for maize/sorghum/ millet and beans
15.0.0 FORAGE CROPS
15.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define and classify pastures;
(b) identify forage crops;
(e) describe the ecological requirements of forage crops;
(d) describe the establishment and management of pas tures and fodder;
(e) describe forage utilization and conservation.
15.2.0 Content
15.2.1 Pastures: Definition, Classification, Establishment, Management, Utilization - grazing
systems -rotational grazing, herding, zero grazing.
15.2.2 Fodder crops: ; Napier/bana grass; Guatemala grass; Sorghum; Kale; Edible cana
Lucerne; Clovers; Desmodium; Mangolds; Agro-forest trees/bushes used as fodder.
Nb. Study the above crops under the following: Ecological requirements, Establishment and
management, Production per unit area, Utilization.
15.2.3 Forage conservation: Hay making, Silage making, Standing hay.
16.0.0 WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL
16.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learners should be able to:
(a) define a weed;
(b) identify weeds;
(e) classify weeds;
(d) explain the characteristics which make the weeds competitive;
(e) describe ways of controlling weeds;
(f) state harmful effects of weeds;
(g) control weeds;
(h) exercise safety measures to oneself, to crops and the environment while cont rolling
weeds.
16.2.0 Content
16.2.1 Weeds: Definition of a weed, Weed identification and classification, Competitive ability
of weeds (Appropriate examples for each ability), Harmful effects of weeds (appropriate
examples for each effect).
Note:- See appendix Resources B on weeds to be studied.
16.2.2 Weed control methods: Chemical weed control (classes of herbicides, methods of
application and safety measures in use of chemicals), Mechanical weed control, Cultural
weed control, Biological weed control, Legislative control.
17.0.0 AGRO-FORESTRY
17.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define agro-forestry;
(b) state the importance of agro-forestry;
(c) describe various forms of agro-forestry;
(d) explain the importance of trees;
(e) select appropriate trees for different uses;
(f) describe tree nursery management and transplanting;
(g) explain routine tree management;
(h) select appropriate sites for trees in the farm and other areas;
(i) describe various methods of tree harvesting.
17.2.0 Content
17.2.1 Definition of agro-forestry: Forms of agro-forestry
17.2.2 Importance of agro-forestry
17.2.3 Importance of trees and shrubs: Important trees and shrubs for particular purposes;
Trees and shrubs to avoid at certain sites and reasons.
17.2.4 Tree nursery: Types of nurseries, Seed collection and preparation, Nursery
management, Transplanting.
17.2.5 Care and management of trees: Protection, Pruning and training, Grafting old trees.
17.2.6 Agro-forestry practices: Alley cropping, Woodlots in farms.
17.2.7 Sites for agro-forestry trees: Boundaries, River banks, Terraces, Slopes, Homestead.
17.2.7 Tree harvesting methods.
18.0.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION I (COMMON BREEDS)
18.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic the learner should be able to:
(a) state the importance of livestock;
(1,) name various livestock species;
(e) define the terms livestock, breed and type;
(d) describe the various breed characteristics;
(e) state the origin of various livestock breeds;
(f) classify the various breeds into types;
(g) name the external parts of the various livestock species.
18.2.1 Content
18.2.2 Importance of livestock
18.2.3 Livestock species: Cattle (exotic and indigenous), Goats, Sheep, Pigs, Poultry
(chicken), Rabbits, Camels.
Discuss each under the following: Breed, origin and characteristics, Type of each breed,
External parts of each livestock species, Typical conformation
18.2.4 Terms used to describe livestock in different species by age, sex and use.
19.0.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)
19.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe reproduction and;
(b) reproductive systems;
(c) select breeding stock;
(d) describe breeding systems;
(e) identify signs of heat in livestock;
(f) describe methods used in serving livestock;
(g) describe signs of parturition in cattle, pigs and rabbits.
19.2.0 Content
19.2.1 Reproduction and reproductive systems: Cattle and Poultry.
19.2.2 Selection: Meaning; Factors to consider in selecting a breeding stock - Cattle, Sheep,
Goats, Pigs, Camels; Methods of selection - mass selection , contemporary comparison,
progeny testing.
19.2.3 Breeding: Meaning; Terms used in breeding - dominant and recessive genes,
Heterosis (hybrid vigour), Epistasis; Breeding systems - Cross-breeding, Upgrading,
Inbreeding, Line breeding, Out-crossing
Note: Discuss under the headings: Definition, Advantages and Disadvantages
19.2.4 Signs of heat in Cattle, Pigs and Rabbits.
Note: Study the oestrus cycle of each of the above.
19.2.5 Methods of service in livestock: Natural mating, Artificial insemination, Embryo
transplant.
Note: Discuss advantages and disadvantages of each
19..2.6 Signs of Parturition in Cattle, Pigs and Rabbits.
Note: Learners to handle livestock in appropriate caring manner.
LIVESTOCK HEALTH I (INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK HEALTH)
20.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic the learner should be able to:
(a) define health and disease;
(b) describe signs of sickness in animals;
(c) state the predisposing factors of livestock diseases;
(d) categorize animal diseases;
(e) carry out disease control practices;
(fl state the importance of maintaining livestock healthy;
(g) describe appropriate methods of handling livestock.
20.2.0 Content
20.2.1 Health and disease: Definitions; Importance of keeping livestock healthy; Predisposing
factors of livestock diseases; Signs of ill-health in livestock.
20.2.2 Classification of livestock diseases by cause.
20.2.3 General methods of disease control
20.2.4 Appropriate methods of handling livestock.
21.0.0 LIVESTOCK HEALTH II (PARASITES)
21.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic the learner should be able to:
(a) describe host parasite relationship
(b) identify different parasites;
(c) describe the life-cycle of parasites;
(d) state signs & symptoms of attacks;
(e) explain methods of parasite control in livestock.
21.2.0 Content
21.2.1 Host: Parasite relationship; Effects of parasites on hosts.
21.2.2 External parasites: Ticks, Tsetse flies, Mites, Lice, Fleas, Keds
21.2.3 Internal parasites: Roundworms (Ascaris spp); Tapeworms (Taenia spp); Flukes
(Fasciola spp).
Note: The parasites should be studied under the following: -Identification, Livestock species
attacked, Part(s) of livestock attacked or inhabited and mode of feeding.
21.2.4 Signs and symptoms of attack.
21.2.5 Describe the life cycles of the following:Roundworm (Ascaris spp); Tapeworm (Taenia
spp); Liver fluke (Fasciola spp); Ticks (appropriate example one host, two host , three hos t)
Note: Indicate whether soft or hard tick
21.2.6 Methods of parasite control giving appropriate example of a parasite for each method.
2.0.0 LIVESTOCK HEALTH III (DISEASES)
22.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe causes and vectors of main livestock diseases;
(b) state the incubation period;
(c) describe the signs of each disease;
(d) state the predisposing factors where applicable;
(e) carry out simple control measures of livestock diseases;
(fl state the measures taken to avoid environmental pollution.
22.2.0 Content
22.2.1 Protozoan diseases: East coast fever; Anaplasmosis; Coccidiosis; Trypanosomiasis
(Nagana).
22.2.2 Bacterial diseases: Fowl typhoid; Foot rot; Contagious abortion (Brucellosis); Scours;
Blackquarter; Mastitis; Anthrax; Pneumonia
22.2.3 Viral diseases: ; rinderpest; Foot and mouth ; Newcastle; Fowl pox; Gumboro; African
Swine fever.
22.2.4 Nutritional diseases: Milk fever; Bloat.
All the above diseases should be studied under the following:

Animal species attacked






Cause/casual organism/agent and or vector
Predisposing factors (where applicable)
Incubation period (where applicable)
Signs and symptoms of disease
Simple control measures of the diseases
Appropriate measures to avoid environmental pollution.
23.0.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION II (NUTRITION)
23.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) identify and classify livestock feeds;
(b) describe digestion;
(c) define terms used to express feed values;
(d) compute a livestock ration;
(e) prepare balanced ration for various livestock;
(0 describe the appropriate livestock handling techniques while feeding.
23.2.0 Content
23.2.1 Livestock nutrition: Feeds and Feeding (identification, classification of feeds, terms
used in expressing feed values, computation of livestock rations, preparation of livestock
rations); Digestive systems (ruminant eg cattle, and non- ruminant eg pig and poultry);
Digestion in cattle, pig and poultry.
23.2.2 Appropriate livestock handling techniques while feeding.
24.0.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)
24.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe livestock rearing practices;
(b) carry out livestock rearing practices;
(c) describe appropriate handling techniques of livestock during routine management.
24.2.0 Content
24.2.1 Routine livestock rearing practices: Feeding practices (flushing, steaming up, creep
feeding); Parasites and Disease control practices (vaccination, dehorning, hoof trimming,
docking, dipping/spraying, dusting); Breeding practices (crutching, tupping and serving,
raddling, ringing); Identification; Debeaking; Tooth clipping; Culling: Describe general
methods and carry out practicals on cattle, poultry; Castration (open, closed, caponization);
Management during parturition:- pigs, cattle, sheep, goats and rabbits.
24.2.2 Bee Keeping (Apiculture): Importance; Colony; Siting of the apiary and hive; Stocking a
bee hive; Management — feeding and predator and pest control; Honey harvesting and
processing.
24.2.3 Fish Farming (aquaculture): Importance; Types of fish kept in farm ponds;
Management; Harvesting; Processing and preservation.
24.2.4 Appropriate handling of livestock during routine management.
25.0.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)
25.1.0 Specific objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) raise young stock;
(b) describe milk by its components;
(c) describe milk secretion and let-down;
(d) milk using correct procedure and technique;
(e) describe marketing of beef cattle and milk;
25.2.0 Content
25.2.1 Raising young stock: ; Feeding; Weaning ; Housing; Routine practices.
25.2.2. Milk and milking: Milk composition,; Milk secretion and let down; Clean milk production
(equipment and materials (include milking machine), cleanliness of the milk man /milk woman,
milking procedure (by hand and by machine), Milking techniques); Dry cow therapy.
25.2.3 Marketing of milk
25.2.4 Marketing beef cattle.
26.0.0 LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)
26.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) identify parts of an egg;
(b) select eggs for incubation;
(e) describe conditions necessary for artificial incubation;
(d) identify, suitable sources of chicks;
(e) describe broodiness and natural brooding; (fl describe brooder and brooder management;
(g) describe rearing systems;
(h) describe the feeding for each age and category of poultry;
(i) identify stress and vices;
0) state the causes of stress and vices;
(k) state the effects of vices and stress in poultry;
(1) state control measures of vices and stress;
(m) describe marketing of eggs and poultry meat;
(n) select, sort and grade eggs for marketing;
(o) explain how poultry production can be an economically lucrative activity.
26.2.0 Content
262.1 Parts of an egg
26.2.2 Incubation: Meaning; Selection of eggs for incubation; Natural incubation (Signs of
broodiness in poultry, Preparation and management of natural incubation); Artificial incubation
(management of the incubator).
26.2.3 Sources of chicks
26.2.4 Brooding: ; Meaning; Natural brooding; Artificial brooding (brooder and brooder
management, conditions equipment, management of layers and broilers.
26.2.5 Rearing systems: Extensive (free range); Semi-intensive (fold system); Intensive (deep
litter and battery cage system.)
Note: Include advantages and disadvantages of each system.
26.2.6 Chicken feeding: Broilers and Layers.
26.2.7 Stress and vices in chicken: Identification; Causes; Control.
26.2.8 Marketing: Eggs —(-include grading of eggs for marketing) and meat.
27.0.0 FARM STRUCTURES
27.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe parts of a building;
(b) identify materials for construction;
(c) describe various farm structures and their uses;
(d) describe siting of various structures;
(e) construct and maintain farm structure.
27.2.0 Content
27.2.1 Farm building and structures: Siting; Parts of a building (foundation, wall, roof
27.2.2 Livestock buildings and structures: Crushes; Dips; Spray race; Dairy shed/parlour; Calf
pens; Poultry houses and structures (deep litter, Coops, folds/arks, Runs, battery cages);
Rabbit hutches/Rubbitry; Piggery/pigs sty; Fish ponds; Silos (for silage); Zero grazing unit;
Bee hives.
27.2.3 Farm stores: Feed; Farm produce; Chemical; Machinery; Tools
27.2.4 Green house: Meaning; Construction materials used; Uses.
27.2.5 Fences in the farm: Types of fences and materials used; Uses — advantages and
disadvantages; Gates and passes in fences; Fence reinforcement.
Note: Construct any of the following structures: a crush, a beehive, a hutch
28.0.0 FARM POWER AND MACHINERY
28.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) describe various sources of power in the farm;
(b) describe various systems of a tractor;
(c) describe the various tractor drawn implements, their uses & maintenance;
(d) describe the various animal drawn implements, their uses and maintenance;
(e) describe tractor service and maintenance practices.
282.0 Content
28.2.1 Sources of power in the farm: Human ; Animal; Wind; Water; Biomass (wood/charcoal,
biogas); Fossil fuel (coal, petroleum, natural gas); Electrical (hydro, geothermal, nuclear,
storage battery); Solar.
28.2.2 Tractor Engine: four stroke cycle engine (diesel and petrol); Two stroke cycle engine
28.2.3 Systems of the tractor: Fuel system; Electrical; Ignition; Cooling; Lubrication;
Transmission (clutch, gears, differential, final drive).
28.2.4 Tractor service and maintenance
28.2.5 Tractor drawn implements, their uses and maintenance: Attachment methods (one
point hitch - draw bar, three point hitch — hydraulic and power take off- P. T. 0); Implements
(trailer, disc plough, mould board plough, harrows - disc [plain, notched], spike toothed, spring
tined, sub-soilers, ridgers); Rotary tillers; Mowers (Gyro, reciprocating, planters and seeders);
Cultivators/weeders; Sprayers; Harvesting machines (grain, root crops, forage); Shellers.
28.2.6 Animal drawn implements, uses and maintenance: ploughs; carts; ridgers.
29.0.0 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS I (BASIC CONCEPTS AND FARM RECORDS)
29.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define economics and agricultural economics;
(b) explain basic concepts of economics;
(c) describe the importance of agricultural economics;
(d) explain the importance of farm records;
(e) describe the different types of farm records;
(0 keep farm records.
29.2.0 Content
29.2.1 Definition: Economics and Agricultural Economics.
29.2.2 Basic concepts of economics: Scarcity; Preferences and choice; Opportunity cost.
292.3 Uses of farm records
29.2.4 Types of farm records: Breeding; Feeding; Production; Health; Field operations;
Inventory; Labour; Marketing.
30.0.0 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)
30.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define the term tenure;
(b) describe tenure systems;
(c) describe land reforms
30.2.0 Content
30.2.1 Land tenure: Definition; Tenure systems - (I) individual (types, advantages and
disadvantages) and (ii) Collective (description, advantages and disadvantages).
30.2.2 Land reforms: definition; types of reform and reasons for each (fragmentation,
consolidation, adjudication, registration (emphasize the importance of a title deed); Settlement
and resettlement.
31.0.0 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS III (PRODUCTION ECONOMICS)
31.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) explain various parameters of national development;
(b) relate national development to agricultural production;
(c) state the factors of production and explain how each affects production;
(d) describe how the law of diminishing returns relates to agricultural production;
(e) describe agricultural planning and budgeting in a farming business;
(0 state sources of agricultural support services;
(g) describe risks and uncertainties in farming;
(h) explain ways of adjusting to risks and uncertainties.
31.2.0 Content
31 .2.1 National income: Household-firm relationship; Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Gross
National Product (GNP); Per Capita Income; Contribution of agriculture to national
development.
31.2.2 Factors of production: Land (definition and methods of acquisition); Labour (definition,
types, measures of labour, ways of increasing labour efficiency; Capital (definition, types and
sources); Management (definition, role of a farm manager)
31.2.3 Production function: Increasing returns; Constant returns ; Decreasing returns
3 1.2.4 Economic laws and principle: The law of diminishing returns; The law of substitution;
The law of equimarginal returns; Principle of profit maximization.
31.2.5 Farm planning: Meaning; Factors to consider; Steps
31.2.6 Farm budgeting: Definition; Importance; Types (partial and complete)
3 1.2.7 Agricultural services available to the farmer
3 1.2.8 Risks and uncertainties in farming: Meaning; Common risks and uncertainties; Ways
of adjusting.
32.0.0 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS IV (FARM ACCOUNTS)
32.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) state the importance of farm accounts;
(b) distinguish and describe the various financial documents and their uses;
(c) identify various books of accounts and their uses;
(d) prepare and analyse financial statements.
32.2.0 Content
32.2.1 Financial documents and books of accounts: Financial documents (Invoices,
Statements, Receipts, Delivery notes, Purchase orders); Books of Accounts
(Ledger, Journal, Inventory, Cash book); Financial statements; Cash analysis;
Balance sheet; Profit and loss account.
33.0.0 AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS V (AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AND
ORGANIZATIONS)
33.1.0 Specific Objectives
By the end of the topic, the learner should be able to:
(a) define market and marketing;
(b) describe the various types of markets;
(c) describe how the law of supply and demand affects the prices of agricultural products;
(d) state various marketing functions, agents and institutions;
(e) identi problems in marketing of agricultural products;
(f) list various agricultural organizations;
(g) describe the role of each of the agricultural organizations.
33.2.0 Content
33.2.1 Market and marketing
33.2.2 Types of markets
33.2.3 Demand, supply and price theory
33.2.4 Marketing functions
33.2.5 Problems of marketing agricultural products and possible solutions
33.2.6 Marketing boards, agents and institutions
33.2.7 Co-operatives: Formation; Functions
33.2.8 Associations and unions: Agricultural society of Kenya (ASK); Young Farmers Clubs
(YFC); Kenya National Farmers Union (KNFU); Agricultural based Women groups.
APPENDIX RESOURCES
A TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO BE STUDIED
1. GARDEN TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT TO BE STUDIED
Panga Knap-sack sprayer
Axe Sprinkler
Mattock/pick axe Hose pipe
Jembe/hoe Garden shear
Fork jembe Pruning saw
Spade Pruning knife
Wheelbarrow Meter rule
Watering can Secateurs
Rake Garden fork
Tape measure Pruning-hook
Soil auger Levelling boards.
2. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Elastrator Stir-up pump
Burdizzo Milk churn
Syringes and needles Strainer/sieve
Thermometer Rope
Halter Milking stool
Hoof trimmer Weighing balance
Strip cup Hot iron
Trochar and canula Tooth clipper
Hard broom Drenching gun
Wool shears Dosing gun
Ear notcher Bolus gun
Bull ring and leading stick Dehorning wire
Bucket Chaff cutter
3. WORKSHOP TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Cross cut saw Jack plane
Tenon/back saw Scrapper
Coping saw Try square
Compass saw/key hole saw Wood clamp
Rip saw Sash clamp
Bow saw G-clamp
Hack saw Mallet
Wood chisel Soldering gun
Cold chisel Tin-snip
Mes and rasps Claw hammer
Divider Sledge hammer
Center punch Wire strainer
Spoke share Pliers
Screw drivers Brace and bits
Spanners Hand drills and bits
Pipe wrench Riveting machine
Pipe cutter Crow bar
Levelling rod Masons’ square
Spirit level Plumb bob
Mason’s trowel Metal float
Wood float Shovel
Meter rule
B. WEEDS TO BE STUDIED
COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME
1.
Black Jack Bidens pilosa
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Mexican marigold Tagetes minuta
Oxalis/sorrel Oxalis species
Double thorn Oxygonum sinuatum
Thorn apple Datura stramonium
Couch grass Digitaria scalarum
Nut grass Cyperusrotundus
Wandering Jew Commelina benghalensis
Sow thistle Sonchus oleraceus
Devil’s horsewhip Achyranthes aspera
Macdonald /gallant soldier Gallinsoga parvfrlora
Sodom apple Solanum incanum
Black nightshade Solarium nigrum
Chinese lantern Nicandra physalodes
Bracken fern Pteridium acquilinum
Love grass/Bristly foxtail Setaria verticillata
Cleavers Gallium spurium
Stinging nettle Utica massaica
Fat hen/Goosefoot Chenopodium species
Rape weed Brassica napus
Wild oats Avenafatua
Lantana/tick berry Lantana camara
Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
Witchweed Striga hermonthica
Creeping indigo Indigofera spicata
C. CROP PESTS TO BE STUDIED
1.
2.
Armyworm
Cut worm
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Locust
Moths
Fruitfly
Mealybug
Thrips
Beetles
Weevils — field and store
Birds — weaver, sudan dioch, Mouse bird
Rodents — Squirrels, Moles and Rats
Boll worms
Stainers
Nematodes
Leaf miners
Aphids
Stalk borers
Loopers
Scales.
D. CROP DISEASES TO BE STUDIED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
maize streak
Smuts
Blasts
Leaf blight
Anthracnose
Rusts in cereals and leaf rust in coffee
Leaf spot
Blight-halow, Early and late
Panama disease
Cigar-end-rot
Mildew
Mosaic
Die-back
Greening
Tristeza
Wilts - Fusarium and Bacterial
Black arm
Damping off
Coffee Berry Disease
Rosette
Ratoon stunting disease
Armillaria root-rot.