special Peru
for everyone
Hay un Perú para cada quién
Lake Titicaca
Dancer at Lake Titicaca
Everyone
who comes
discovers so
much more
than they
expected.
Departamento de Loreto, Iquitos www.peru.travel
03
Welcome
There is a special Peru for everyone.
Handbook for Tour Operators.
A publication by Peru Export and
Tourism Promotion Board - PromPerú.
Unit of Audiovisuals and Publications ©
PromPerú.
Av. República de Panamá Nº 3647,
San Isidro, Lima - Perú.
Telephone: (51-1) 616-7406
All rights reserved.
www.promperu.gob.pe
Credits:
Editorial management and graphic
design: Comunica + A
Text editing: Comunica + A
Cartographic design: Grupo Geographos
Photo Edition: Comunica + A
Acknowledgements:
Regional Offices of Foreign Trade and
Tourism (Áncash, Arequipa, Cajamarca,
Cusco, Ica, Lambayeque, La Libertad,
Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, Puno and
Tumbes).
Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú No. 2013 - 05703 Lima
Print: CECOSAMI PRE PRENSA E IMPRESION DIGITAL (Calle Los Plateros No. 142 - Lima 3 Perú)
Lima, April 2013
Free distribution
04
www.peru.travel
| www.peru.travel
www.peru.info
05
Overland crossings
from Bolivia are at
Desaguadero and
Kasani (Puno).
08
A guide to Peru
Useful information
VISAS AND CUSTOMS
Nationals from most American
and Western European countries
do not require visas.
Baggage
Please refer to the list
of items that are exempt
from customs duty,
which can be found on
the following websites:
S
RIE
O
S
ES
C
C
Citizens of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia,
Chile and Ecuador only require
identity cards.
90 days
Any longer periods or visits with
other purposes in mind (residence,
study, work etc.) require a visa to be
arranged in advance from a
Peruvian Consulate.
CLO
TH
IN
G
www.peru.travel
MONEY
Coon T-shirts
Nuevo Sol S/. This is the
national currency.
US Dollar $
This is accepted in some
shops, restaurants and
service stations at the daily
exchange rate.
Warm clothing
CURRENCY EXCHANGE
Hat
Sunglasses
Sun lotion
It is possible to exchange Euros,
dollars and other foreign
currencies in authorized currency
exchange bureaus, hotels and
banks. Changing money on the
streets is not recommended.
Water
bole
Loose, comfortable
pants
1
Available in the main cities of the country.
Various types of card are accepted.
3
CREDIT CARDS
22 - 25
Trujillo and surrounding area
DEPARTMENT OF LA LIBERTAD
5
NS Tumbes
Mangroves
6
26 - 29
Huaraz and the Callejón de Huaylas 30 - 33
Nasca and Paracas
DEPARTMENT OF ICA
7
Moquegua and Tacna
Cajamarca and surrounding area
DEPARTMENT OF CAJAMARCA
9
Huánuco, Cerro de
Pasco, Huancayo,
Huancavelica, Abancay
14
15
PF Alto Mayo
Túcume Pómac
Forest
3
Sipán
34 - 37
87
4
DEPARTMENT OF MOQUEGUA AND TACNA
8
NR Allpahuayo - Mishana
2
NP Cerros
de Amotape
2
DEPARTMENT OF ÁNCASH
Karajía
10
Ayacucho and surrounding area
DEPARTMENT OF AYACUCHO
11
Arequipa and the valley of Colca
DEPARTMENT OF AREQUIPA
12
Cusco
Machu Picchu
and surrounding area
DEPARTMENT OF CUSCO
13
Puno Lake Titicaca and its islands
DEPARTMENT OF PUNO
Iquitos and the Amazon River
DEPARTMENT OF LORETO
15
8
17
84 - 88
NP Abiseo River
18
Incahuasi
52 - 63
9 Ayacucho
NS Machu
Picchu
6
NP
Bahuaja Sonene
Choquequirao
Vilcashuamán
NS Ampay Cusco
10
12
9
13
Nasca
Lines
68 - 71
80 - 83
NR
Tambopata
Urubamba
Pisac
NR Paracas
64 - 67
NP Manu
18
Pachacamac
Puerto
Inca
Sillustani
Chivay
BOLIVIA
11
NR Salinas and
Aguada Blanca
PF
Protected forest
NP
National park
SR
Scenic reserve
RZ
Reserved zone
NR
National reserve
Protected area
NS
National sanctuary
Archaeological zone
89
Reserves of Manu
and Tambopata
17
9
SR Nor Yauyos - Cochas
1
46 - 51
76 - 79
Puerto
Maldonado
9
RZ Huayhuash 9
Caral
Tarapoto
DEPARTMENT OF UCAYALI
BRAZIL
El Brujo
42 - 45
72 - 75
Pucallpa
16
El Sol y
la Luna
Chan
Chan
NP Huascarán
Sechín
Chavín de
5
Huántar
38 - 41
Chachapoyas
DEPARTMENT OF SAN MARTÍN
NR Pacaya - Samiria
Kuélap
CENTRAL DEPARTMENTS
16
Their use is limited, so it is recommended that you
check with the establishment whether or not they will
be accepted before purchasing or consuming goods.
ECUADOR
Chiclayo and surrounding area
DEPARTMENT OF AMAZONAS
TRAVELLER’S CHECKS
COLOMBIA
13 - 17
18 - 21
DEPARTMENT OF LAMBAYEQUE
14
The most widely accepted cards are American
Express, Visa, Diners and Mastercard.
Pages
of the north
Tumbes and Piura Beaches
DEPARTMENTS OF TUMBES AND PIURA
AUTOMATIC CASH MACHINES (ATM)
Walking boots,
trainers and
sandals
Downtown
Callao and surrounding area
Lima Historic
DEPARTMENT OF LIMA
2
4
is the maximum permied
length of stay.
www.aduanet.gob.pe
AN
D
A
Due to the varied geography of the country and its
multiple climates, regardless of the season and the place,
it is advisable to bring the following items with you:
by city
7
7
CHILE
www.sernanp.gob.pe
DEPARTMENT OF MADRE DE DIOS
TOURIST SERVICES
ALTITUDE OF THE PRINCIPAL CITIES
H
Accommodation
There are many different
options:
Boutique and luxury hotels
Hotels, from 1-star to
5-stars
Hostels and lodgings
02
Air transport
There are domestic flights to the
country's main tourist
destinations. The prices can be
found on the internet.
www.mtc.gob.pe
Departamento de Loreto, Iquitos www.peru.travel
Interstate buses
The overland transport network
covers all the country's destinations
except certain cities in Amazonia.
Different prices are charged according
to the level of comfort and whether
the journey is direct with no changes.
www.mtc.gob.pe
Car hire
To drive a car in Peru it is necessary to have:
Driving license • Copy of passport • Vehicle
documentation (SOAT-compulsory accident
insurance, technical revision certificate and
confirmation of ownership) • Hire car
contract in the case of hire cars • The
international driving license must be valid for
at least one year.
Taxis
Various companies operate
private taxis offering services to
and from the airport and many
other destinations.
They have call centers
and websites.
Tumbes
Sea
level
Trujillo
34 m
Lima
154 m
Arequipa
2 335 m
Huaraz
3 091 m
Cusco
3 399 m
Machu Picchu
2 400 m
Puno
3 827 m
Tarapoto
333 m
Iquitos
104 m
Departamento de Loreto, Iquitos www.peru.travel
03
Circuito Mágico de Agua (Magic Water Tour), Parque de la Reserva
Peru
is a multifaceted country
Peru is a multifaceted country. You choose where you want
to begin and then take your own journey. As the cradle
of one of the great civilizations of the continent or as the
gastronomic capital of America, it offers many different
journeys in one.
Peru is a specialist country. Its ancestral past has left a
legacy of unique knowledge and monuments. Its natural
richness offers an abundance of resources, some of which
are still unknown in the rest of the planet. Its cultural
diversity is demonstrated through the beliefs, traditions
and artistic expressions that bear witness to a permanent
cultural synthesis.
Peru is a captivating country. Everyone who comes discovers
so much more than they expected. They discover a country
of powerful but creative people. They discover that it is still
possible to have authentic, life-changing experiences. They
discover all the reasons that will tempt them to return and
seduce them deeper into the life of the country.
Lima
Lima is a city in constant transformation, where
modern life and the traditions of its pre-Columbian
and colonial past converge.
Department of Lima, Lima | www.peru.travel
13
Unique experiences
Living Culture
Bars playing Creole
music and traditional
fiestas.
Calendar
of festivals and events
Anniversary of the City of Lima.
18th January. A celebration with open-air music concerts, parades and popular art fairs.
Festival de la Vendimia - Santiago de Surco.
March. Wine tastings for the best wines of the district of Santiago
de Surco and opportunities to help with the wine-making process.
National Peruvian Paso Horse Competition.
Of Today
April. Meeting of breeders at the hacienda Mamacona, Lurín.
Shops selling art and
decorative items,
fashion shows, film,
art and photography
festivals as well as
modern shopping
centers etc.
International Book Fair.
28th and 29th July. The commemoration includes events such as
the Te Déum in the cathedral and a military parade in a central
Film, music and fashion festivals are staged alongside traditional
Adventure
Festival de Lima (Latin American Film Festival)
fiestas; modern shopping centers st and next to colonial mansions;
Surfing and paragliding on the Lima coast.
Kayaking, canoeing
and mountain biking in
the basins of the Rivers
Lurín and Cañete.
Main Square of Lima
Lima
museums of history and art share the city with interactive exhibitions. The beach and
the city complement each other to offer the best of modern living with ocean views,
along with the opportunity to see seals and seabirds on the nearby islands.
’
’
This is one area where all the cultures come
together: populations of Japanese, Chinese,
Afro-Peruvian and European origin coexist
with people from the coast, mountains and
jungle, which has allowed Lima to develop
one of the world’s richest and most diverse
cuisines. This is why Lima is considered to be
the gastronomic capital of America and one
of the 12 best cuisines of the world, according
to The Economist magazine.
Culinary styles
Creole: colonial style, with a blend of Peruvian
and Spanish flavors. Chifa: a fusion of Chinese
and Peruvian cuisine. International: French,
Italian, Indian, Korean, Arabic, Spanish
and many more. Novoandean: a fusion of
modern recipes using Andean ingredients
and traditional techniques. Nikkei: a fusion
of Japanese and Peruvian cuisine. Vegetarian
and organic: specialist restaurants. Fish
and seafood: thanks to the proximity of the
14
Departamento de Lima, Lima | www.peru.travel
Anticuchos (kebabs) in the Mistura Gastronomic Fair
ocean, the restaurants have access to a wide
variety of fresh, top quality marine products.
What to buy
Handicrafts from all the different regions
of Peru can be found in the craft markets of
Lima, Miraflores and Pueblo Libre. Clothing
made from alpaca and vicuña, the South
American cameloids known for the quality
and softness of their wool, in specialist
shops. National and international brands
in shopping centers such as Larcomar,
Jockey Plaza, Real Plaza Primavera, Open
Plaza Angamos, Caminos del Inca, Plaza
San Miguel, Plaza Lima Sur, Real Plaza
Centro Cívico, Aventura Mall, Mega Plaza
and Plaza Norte. Antiques and artwork
in the Avenida La Paz or Parque Kennedy,
both in the district of Miraflores. Gold
and silver jewelry and designer items in
specialist shops. Contemporary design:
decorative items, fashion and jewelry
created by young Peruvian designers.
Accommodation and tourism services
Boutique and luxury hotels, from 3 to
5-stars. Presence of the most important
international
chains.
Tour
guide
services, day and night, through the
most interesting parts of the city and to
destinations outside Lima. Tourist bus; car
hire and bike rental; 24-hour taxi service.
Peruvian National Holidays.
August. A festival where you can see Latin American films and learn
about actors, directors and scriptwriters from around the world.
Santa Rosa de Lima.
30th August. Celebrations focused around the patron saint of Lima,
wishes into the well where the saint threw the key to her iron belt.
Mistura.
Ancient
What to eat
July. Gathering of Peruvian and overseas writers. Book sales.
Museums of art,
history, geography
and gastronomy plus
interactive exhibitions
etc.
September. Latin America’s most important gastronomic trade fair.
This event brings together all the major players in Peru’s culinary
chain and top national and international chefs.
Mes del Señor de los Milagros (Month of the Lord of Miracles).
October. Mass procession of faithful Catholics to accompany the
streets of Lima.
Natural
Watching seals and
seabirds on the Islas
Palomino, Callao.
Day of the Creole Song.
31st October. A celebration of one of the traditional musical genres
of the Peruvian coast with concerts in restaurants and plazas.
Lima in figures
Climate: Temperate. Sunny in summer (December to
April). Possible light rain in winter (June to September).
Max. temp.: 26ºC / 79ºF Min. temp.: 15ºC / 58ºF
Wondrous
The pisco route with
its traditional bars and
bodegas.
Altitude: 154 masl
How to arrive
By air to Jorge Chávez International Airport and connections to the interior.
Overland from Chile via Arequipa and from Bolivia via
Cusco. International services to neighboring countries.
By cruise ship to the port of Callao.
Lima Cathedral. Although the cathedral dates
from the XVII century, later modifications were
carried out in a mixture of different architectural
styles, such as Renaissance, Baroque and NeoClassical. It contains some notable works of
art, a magnificently carved choir stall and the
tomb of the conquistador Francisco Pizarro.
Plaza Mayor. This was the place where Francisco
Pizarro founded Lima in 1535. It is surrounded by
the Government Palace, City Hall, the Cathedral,
the Archbishop’s Palace and the Club de la Unión. A
bronze column dating from the XVII century stands
in the center of the plaza.
Los Descalzos Church and Convent.
Originally founded in 1565 as a house
of meditation and penitence, today this
convent and museum houses a valuable
art collection, primarily featuring paintings
of the Cusco, Lima and Quito schools.
Santo Domingo Church and Convent.
This is the oldest church in Lima. It has a
wonderful statue showing the crucifixion;
a work from the school of Juan Bautista
Vásquez. The adjacent convent holds the
tombs of San Martín de Porres, Santa Rosa
de Lima and San Juan Masías. This was
the seat of the first university in America,
the National University of San Marcos,
founded in 1551.
Parque de la Reserva and Magic
Water Tour. A Neoclassical design,
completed in 1929. In 2006 a circuit
of 13 fountains was installed,
which have been recognized by the
Guinness Book of Records as the
largest fountain complex in a public
park in the world. Here visitors can
enjoy a spectacular show of music,
light and color.
From
Lima
MAP OF LIMA
To La Libertad
To Áncash
3
To Junín
Santa Rosa de Lima Church and Monastery.
As well as the church it is possible to visit the
house where the patron saint of Lima lived
and the hermitage and oratory that she built
in 1614 to dedicate herself to prayer.
Lima
CALLAO
LIMA
5
San Francisco Church and Convent. These
two buildings –the church and monastery–
form the most outstanding architectural
group in all Lima. The most important features
are the choir stalls, the Baroque and NeoClassical altarpieces and some important
religious sculptures. The famous catacombs
can be found in their underground galleries.
Main
Barrio Chino. Lima’s Chinatown is one of the
largest Chinese districts in South America, with
lively shopping streets, arcades, banks and stores
selling Chinese products as well as restaurants
known as “chifas”. Its most outstanding
architectural feature is the Portada China, a
gateway leading to Calle Capón. The best way
to explore this district is with a local guide.
Aliaga House. The elegant residence of
one of the founders of the city of Lima,
Don Jerónimo de Aliaga. Its features
include a beautiful Republican balcony
and several halls and patios. Nowadays
it hosts a variety of cultural events.
Costa Verde Beaches. Several of the coastal districts
and their beaches are connected by a highway and a
seafront offering various sports and leisure facilities.
Miraflores and San Isidro. Residential and commercial
districts with an active nightlife and numerous
entertainment venues in addition to an impressive
ocean view.
Torre Tagle Palace. Situated in the
Historic Center of Lima, this palace is
now the seat of the Ministry of Foreign
include its stone doorway and the
Andalusian Baroque-style balconies
with Moorish and Creole features,
carved in cedar and mahogany,
which are considered architectural
jewels of the XVIII century. In addition
to the halls, patios and corridors,
its most impressive feature is the
wooden paneled chapel.
1
Huaca Pucllana and Huaca Huallamarca. Located in the heart of Miraflores and San Isidro, these truncated
pyramids are pre-Inca constructions that were ceremonial and funeral centers of the Lima culture. They are
noted for their architecture, based on “adobitos” -bricks made of mud and straw- and the remains of tombs,
mummies and ceramics.
Real Felipe Fortress. This imposing fortress was
completed in 1774 and was built to defend the port
Museo Nacional de Arqueología,
Antropología e Historia del Perú.
Located in Pueblo Libre, this museum
houses collections of ceramics, gold
and silverware and textiles from
pre-Columbian cultures as well
as artifacts from the Colonial and
Republican periods. This cultural
complex also includes the Quinta
de los Libertadores, the XVIII century
mansion lived in by Don José de San
Martín and Simón Bolívar.
Lima Art Museum. The museum is
one of the most beautiful examples
of the eclectic architecture of Lima
that embraces a blend of different
styles. This museum was built
between 1870 and 1871 as the seat
of the World Exhibition Palace
and is considered one of the most
important projects of its era. It
currently houses an important
exhibition of artworks from the
various stages of Peruvian history.
Parque de la Muralla. This park conserves part of the ancient
walls that surrounded Lima in the XVII century. It contains a
museum displaying archaeological finds from the region.
4
To Ica
KEY
Caral. This 5 000 year old is the oldest cradle
of civilization in America, contemporary with
societies such as those of Egypt, China and
Mesopotamia. The architectural complexity of
its pyramids and the remains that have been
found reveal the high standard of the cultural
development of its people.
Pachacamac. Located in the valley of the
Lurín River, this mud-brick citadel was the
home of the creator god Pachacamac (“he
who moves the world”), the most venerated
and feared oracle of the Andean world. It
was populated by the Lima, Wari, Ychsma
and Inca cultures.
Larco Museum. This museum presents, in chronological order, a
large private art collection corresponding to 3,000 years of preColumbian Peruvian history, including textiles, ceramics and
objects of gold and silver. It is one of the few museums in the world
that allows visitors to view its entire archaeological collection of
47,000 objects. The viceregal mansion that houses the museum
was built on a truncated pyramid and is located in Pueblo Libre.
1
Callao
Departmental
2
Pachacamac - Lurín
capital
3
Sacred City of Caral
Paved road
4
Lunahuaná
Unpaved road
5
Islands Palomino
Airport
Departmental
Port
boundary
UNESCO
World Heritage
Site
Offices of iPerú
Museo de la Nación. In its
large, informative rooms this
museum presents one of the
most important collections of
the
cultural
manifestations
of Peru through the ages. It is
also a center of contemporary
cultural development and hosts
a variety of artistic presentations,
temporary
exhibitions
and
conferences. It is one of the most
impressive buildings in the San
Borja district.
MATE - Asociación Mario Testino. Cultural center dedicated
to the renowned Peruvian photographer Mario Testino with
exhibitions that display his work in the field of fashion and with
celebrities from all over the world.
Barranco. This place began life as a seaside resort
for middle and high class Lima residents and was
integrated into the city in 1874. It is noted for its
European-style mansions and the Bridge of Sighs.
It is acknowledged as a Bohemian district due to its
artistic history and its bars and restaurants.
one of the few works of military architecture that
was built by the Spanish in America.
2
Palomino Islands. Located on the coast
opposite the seaside resort of La Punta, in
Callao, this group of islands is home to a
large population of seals and seabirds that
can be visited on a day trip.
Tourist information and assistance
Jorge Chávez International Airport
(Domestic Departures, National and
International Arrivals and Public Area)
Tel./fax: (01) 574-8000
Mon - Sun 24 hours
iperulimaapto@promperu.gob.pe
Metropolitan Lima
Jorge Basadre 610, San Isidro
Tel.: (01) 421-1627 / Tel./fax: (01) 421-1227
Mon - Fri 9:00 to 13:00 – 14:00 to 18:00
iperulima@promperu.gob.pe
Peruvian Paso Horses. The rhythmic gait of the
Paso Horses can be appreciated in the shows
that are staged by the National Association of
Breeders and Owners of Peruvian Paso Horses,
mainly in Lurín. Visitors can also go horse riding
and soak up the pleasant rural atmosphere in the
haciendas of the region.
Lunahuaná. A sunny valley south of Lima,
this is an ideal place for adventure sports and
is also known for its crayfish dishes, its wines
and its Pisco. The ancient citadel of Inca Wasi is
also located nearby.
Larcomar - Miraflores
Module Nº 10, Plaza Principal
Tel./fax: (01) 445-9400
Mon - Sun 11:00 to 14:00 - 15:00 to 20:00
iperularcomar@promperu.gob.pe
Department of Lima, Lima | www.peru.travel
17
Ayacucho
Main
MAP OF AYACUCHO
2
AYACUCHO
3
1
To Ica
To Lima
To Apurímac
To Apurímac
To Cusco
To Nasca
Artisanal District of Santa Ana. This craft district is
traditionally lived in by families of artisans in different trades
who express their creativity through alabaster carvings,
woven fabrics, altarpieces, handicrafts, tin ware, ceramics,
furs and saddlery etc.
Colonial temples. More than 33 churches, each one decorated with artistic altars: The cathedral
(1612); Saint Christophers Church (1540), the oldest place of worship; Saint Francis of Assisi Chruch
(1552); Saint Clair of Assisi Church and Monastery (1568); Saint Teresa Church (see photo), (1703);
Saint Dominic (1548) and Moray Church (1540).
Wari Archeological Complex. This complex marks one of the largest
urban centers of ancient Peru and belonged to the Wari culture,
which flourished between the VI and XI centuries A.D.
Ayacucho
From
KEY
1
Wari Archeological Complex
2
Pampa de Ayacucho Historic Sanctuary
3
Quinua
Village of Quinua. This town preserves the
and its inhabitants are mostly dedicated
Capitulation of Ayacucho was signed,
Departmental boundary
Departmental capital
Paved road
Unpaved road
Airport
Offices of iPerú
Tourist information and assistance
Main Square
45 Portal Municipal (City Hall of Huamanga)
Tel./fax: (066) 31-8305
Mon - Sat 9:00 to 18:00 / Sun 9:00 to 13:00
iperuayacucho@promperu.gob.pe
Cnel. FAP Alfredo Mendívil Airport
(Arrivals)
iperuayacuchoapto@promperu.gob.pe
Colonial houses. These mansions had large entrance halls, elaborate stone doorways and walls
with zoomorphic images, mostly of pumas and snakes. Some of the most impressive houses are
Casona Vivanco (see photo), (XVII century); Casona Ruiz de Ochoa (XVIII century); Casona Boza
y Solís (XVII century); Casona de Castilla y Zamora (1677), seat of the National University of San
Cristóbal de Huamanga.
Pampa de Ayacucho Historic Sanctuary. This historic sanctuary
44
Department of Ayacucho | www.peru.travel
commemorative obelisk has now been placed. It is possible to go
horse riding in this area.
Vilcashuamán.
culture, as can be seen in the base of the church of San Juan
Bautista. It has one temple dedicated to the sun and another to
the moon, as well as an impressive ceremonial terrace (Ushno).
Pampa Galeras National Reserve.
This extensive plateau with its gentle
undulations is surrounded by valleys
and ravines. As well as being the best
natural refuge for vicuñas, one of the most
beautiful animals of the Andes, it is also
the habitat of other typical animals of
the region such as the Andean fox, taruca,
vixcacha and a considerable variety of
birds. Access from the city of Nasca (Ica).
What to buy
The culture is vibrant and exudes creativity from its watercolorists,
modern artists and writers, let alone the artisans working in stone, textiles
and embroidery, such as the ones in Colca, and embossed leatherwork.
Chocolates and liqueurs are also made locally.
Accommodation and tourism services
The city of Arequipa has hotels of up to 5-stars. In Colca, there are luxury
hostels and hotels in the towns along the valley’s length. In Cotahuasi
and Orcopampa in the Valley of the Volcanoes there are various types of
simple accommodation. The city of Arequipa offers transport, complete
meal services and other tourist services. The valley of Colca offers
transport (car, bus) and full trekking and canoeing services. It is advisable
to use specialist companies to visit the Valley of the Volcanoes and
Cotahuasi. Arequipa also has a good reputation for the organization of
conventions and congresses and has a high quality infrastructure for that
purpose. Due to its strategic location, Arequipa is the starting point for
various circuits through the south of Peru.
Santa Catalina Monastery
Arequipa
Unique experiences
Living Culture
Experience how the
stonemasons of
Arequipa continue
to use ancestral
techniques for carving
the local sillar stone.
Of Today
Visit the Viceregal
Museum of Art in
Arequipa.
Known as the “White City” for the color of its sillar,
Adventure
the volcanic stone used in the construction of its
Trekking, canoeing,
mountaineering
(climbing to the
volcanoes of Misti and
Chachani, Ampato,
Coropuna and the Chila
Mountain Range) and
rock climbing.
colonial houses, churches and convents, which form part of its extraordinary architectural
legacy, Arequipa is also a land of exceptional natural beauty, located between valleys,
canyons and volcanoes.
Ancient
Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the capital of the
region is guarded by the impressive presence of the Misti
Volcano. The mountain range has left its mark on Arequipa:
it meets the ocean at Atico, a coastal zone of superb beaches,
and also offers the contrasting landscape of the Colca
Canyon, which is 4,160 m (13,648 ft) deep at its lowest point
and from whose vantage point visitors can watch the flight
of the majestic condor.
Explore archaeological
sites and places with
cave paintings such
as Puerto Inca, Toro
Muerto and the Caves
of Sumbay (see photo).
Misti Volcano
Natural
Go birdwatching in
the valleys of Colca
and Cotahuasi and in
the Lagunas de Mejía
National Sanctuary
and the Salinas
and Aguada Blanca
National Reserve.
What to eat
Tourist in the Colca Canyon
46
Department of Arequipa | www.peru.travel
The culinary tradition of Arequipa can be enjoyed in the so-called “picanterías”
(traditional restaurants that cook on wooden fires). A good meal starts with
“rocoto relleno” (baked peppers stuffed with minced meat, spices, cheese, eggs
and milk). The most popular second courses are “caldo blanco” (made from
lamb, potatoes, chick peas, chuño and spices) and “puchero” (boiled beef, pork
and chicken with vegetables and spices). Main courses include “adobo” (a stew
made from pork loin, chilies, onions and “chicha de jora”, served with bread),
“picantes” (made from pork or beef, lamb or duck), “chupe de camarones”
(prawns sautéed with chilies then cooked with broad beans, cheese, milk, rice,
sweet corn and potato) and “malaya frita” (beef skirt cooked until golden). The
favorite desserts are “queso helado” (an ice cream made from milk, cinnamon,
coconut and spices), chocolates and toffees. Drinks include a good local beer,
regional carbonated drinks or “chicha de jora”. Meals often finish with “té
Wondrous
Girl from Chivay
Spend a day in the
therapeutic thermal waters of Yura in Arequipa,
La Calera in Chivay and
Chacapi in Yanque, in the
Valley of Colca; Huancarama in Orcopampa
- Castilla and Luicho in
Cotahuasi.
47
Calendar
of festivals and events
Virgin of Chapi Feast
1st May A traditional pilgrimage to the Chapi Sanctuary,
some 90 km (56 miles) outside the city of Arequipa.
Main Square and Catedral. The Main Square, famous for the harmonious symmetry
and the grand architecture of its double arcades, is the starting point for any visit. On
one side the cathedral, also built of sillar in a Neo-Classical style, displays valuable
works of art, sculptures, jewelry and religious art along with its famous Belgian organ
dating from the XIX century. Visitors can easily access the Museum and the Cathedral.
Church of the Company of Jesus Christ. Experts consider this holy group to be perhaps the most
beautiful and complete architectural achievement of the city. It is representative of the religious
architecture of the XVII century. Located in one of the corners of the Main Square, it contains
paintings from the Cusco school, a beautiful carved wooden pulpit and the chapel of San Ignacio,
which is noted for its wonderful colors.
Plaza de Yanahuara. This peaceful square contains
one of the most important churches in Arequipa,
San Juan Bautista, built in 1750 and now considered
a true architectural gem. It also houses the lookout,
with inscriptions from Arequipan poets in its
sillar-built arcades, which give a magnificent
view out across the city and its three volcanoes.
Arequipa
Anniversary of the city of Arequipa
15th August. Various activities such as the Feria
Internacional de Arequipa (located in the Cerro Juli), craft
exhibitions, the Festidanza and the Corso de la Amistad.
Main
Arequipa in figures
Climate: Temperate. Possibility of light drizzle
or short showers all year round.
Max. temp.: 23 ºC / 73 ºF Min. temp.: 7 ºC / 45 ºF
La Recoleta Convent. A Franciscan convent from the XVII
century. This building presents different styles that range
from the Romanesque to the Neo-Gothic. It is noted for
its magnificent library that contains more than twenty
thousand books, some of which are four hundred years old.
Altitude:
Santa Teresa Museum of viceregal Art. The Monasterio de Carmelitas Descalzas de San
José opened its doors as the Museum of Viceregal Art 295 years after its foundation. The
religious seclusion that was maintained for almost three centuries has allowed time to
stand still for every space and object. It now houses the most exquisite collections of
paintings, sculptures, religious artifacts and furniture from the XVI to XIX centuries.
Univeristy of San Agustín Archeological Museum.This museum has pre-Hispanic
textiles, mummies and stone and metal objects. However, its most valuable property is
its collection of “keros”, or ceremonial vases, known as the Yabar Collection.
2 335 masl (7 661 feet)
Due to its altitude Arequipa offers excellent conditions for
gradual acclimatization before heading to Colca (3 600
m / 11 811 feet) Cusco (3 400 m / 11 155 feet) and Puno
(3 800 m / 12 467 feet). Staying in Arequipa for two or
three days reduces considerably the risk of suffering
altitude sickness, otherwise known as soroche.
How to arrive
Museo Histórico Municipal. The exhibition of this museum is dedicated to the eras of
Independence and the Republic. It displays objects, documents and photographs as well
as authentic uniforms worn during the war. Currently it has a display of jewelry and other
artifacts from the Chiribaya culture.
Casonas. Built in architectural styles from the XVII and
XVIII centuries, these grand houses can be found in the
streets and squares of the historic center. Of particular
note are the Casa del Moral (see photo), dating from the
XVIII century, whose facade, carved in sillar, represents one
of the best examples of Arequipan Baroque), the Casona
Goyoneche (whose original foundations date from 1558,
famous for its ornamental architecture and its colonial art)
and the Casa Tristán del Pozo (built in 1738 on the remains
of houses from the XVI century, which combines unusual
characteristics of the Arequipan architectural style).
Santa Catalina Monastery. A small walled citadel with
cloisters, plazas, streets, straw roofs and paved floors
which was inaugurated in 1580 as a retreat for female
members of religious orders. It houses valuable colonial
paintings from the Cusco school, sculptures and images,
cult objects and well preserved rooms, as well as items
from daily life of more than four centuries ago.
Museums of the University of Santa María de Arequipa. These two museums are
the Archaeological Museum and the Andinos Sanctuary Museum. The first shows, in
chronological and scientific order, the entire cultural development of Arequipa through
history. The second exhibits the mummy Juanita from May to December as well as
other Andean mummies.
Saint Lazarus neighborhood. A picturesque district of
alleyways, narrow passages, small plazas and generous
houses, known for being the oldest part of Arequipa where
the city is said to have been founded. Dominican priests
Daily flights from:
Lima (Lima): 1 h 30 min
Cusco (Cusco): 30 min
Juliaca (Puno): 20 min
Tacna (Tacna) 30 min
Overland from:
Lima: 1 009 km / 15 h
Cusco: 491 km / 9 h
Puno: 294 km / 5 h
Tacna: 270 km / 6 h
It has an excellent port in Matarani for receiving cruise
of the region and the Southern Peru Tourist Corridor.
Contemporary Art Museum. This museum houses a permanent collection of works of
art of Peruvian painters from 1900 to the present day as well as some sculptures and
photographs taken by the Vargas brothers.
49
MAP OF AREQUIPA
Colca Valley and Canyon. An inexhaustible destination that combines natural riches, living history and adventure
sports such as canoeing, mountaineering, mountain biking, hiking and horse riding. The canyon drops down to 4 160 m
(13 648 feet), twice as deep as the Grand Canyon in Colorado. Along the valley there are fourteen colonial towns where
it is possible to see extraordinary evidence of civil and religious architecture, stone houses with roofs of straw and ichu
grass, and churches such as those of Lari, Yanque, Cabanoconde and Sibayo, which are real masterpieces of mestizo
Baroque art. At the top of the canyon there are vantage points strategically located for looking out over the countryside
and watching the majesty of the condor in flight.
Arequipa
From
To Lima
Lomas de Atiquipa and Quebrada de la Waca. Close to
the port of Chala. A phenomenon of vegetation on the
low coastal hills that run from the north of Chile and
along part of the Peruvian coast. This is a habitat rich
in bird and plant species, many of them endemic. It has
terraces, granaries, paths and other constructions from
the Inca period such as Quebrada de la Waca, now called
Puerto Inca (see photo), situated opposite the low hills of
Atiquipa, which was used to store products on route to
Cusco.
Las cuevas de Sumbay. Located along a small
side track from the road to the Colca Canyon, these
caves have around 500 examples of cave art dating
back 6 000 and 8 000 years.
Valley of the Volcanoes. A magical terrain that goes from
3 800 m (12 467 feet) to 1 700 m (5 577 feet) and contains
more than thirty small but perfectly formed volcanic cones.
These dwarf volcanoes, which vary in height from 30 and
60 up to 80 and even 300 meters, create a rare spectacle
between outcrops of lava from enormous eruptions. The
towns here are inhabited by ancient communities in a
constant struggle to survive on this rough land. Among
the lava there is some highly specialized flora and fauna,
including sixteen species of cactus.
ORCOPAMPA
ANDAGUA
Cotahuasi Valley and Canyon. A notable
natural spectacle in the highlands of
Arequipa, which offers great biodiversity and
a variety of different landscapes, such as the
beautiful scenery of the snow-capped peaks
of Coropuna and Solimana, the waterfalls of
Sipia and its thermal waters and the canyon
of Cotahuasi, which drops to a depth of 3 562
m (11 687 feet). The zone has been declared
a Scenic Reserve (natural protected area)
and is ideal for hiking, canoeing, climbing,
paragliding or mountain biking.
ATIQUIPA
1
CHALA
Toro Muerto and Querullpa. Toro Muerto
holds one of the largest repositories of cave
art in the world. Five square kilometers (1.93
square miles) are covered with rocks engraved
with thousands of figures in a wide range
of designs (animals, geometric and dancing
figures) which were worked by the people
of the region between 700 and 1 500 A.D.
Just a few minutes away lies Querullpa
and the astonishing traces of prehistoric
animals from around 150 to 200 million
years ago who lived in this land when this
mountainous place was a tranquil beach.
Lagunas de Mejía National Sanctuary. A
unique wetland that survives 2 000 km (1 243
miles) from the coast. Despite its small size (690
hectares) this reserve is home to eight different
habitats and is a strategic point for migrating
birds (more than 200 species).
CHUQUIBAMBA
CAYLLOMA
SIBAYO
5
CHIVAY
3
AYO HUAMBO
APLAO
7
To Puno
To Cusco
6
AREQUIPA
CAMANÁ
QUILCA
Port MATARANI
Port ISLAY
Socabaya. A historic district that contains the
place known as “Las Peñas de Socabaya”,
a natural system of caves that distil water
and “La Mansión del Fundador” (see photo),
a grand house built in Huasacache by the
founder of Arequipa, Garcí Manuel de Carbajal.
In the countryside
around Arequipa
Salinas and Aguada Blanca National Reserve. An
impressive landscape of volcanoes, rivers, salt flats and
unusual rock formations. It protects an ecosystem of
the “puna seca”, or dry plateau, that has been essential
in conserving the Chili River basin and the vicuña as
well as other species of fauna and flora, including three
species of flamingo, 358 species of plants and 141 of
birds. It covers an area of 340 000 hectares and includes
the volcanoes of Misti (5 825 m / 19 110 feet), Chachani
(6 075 m / 19 931 feet) and Ubinas (5 676 m / 18 622
feet), the most active volcano in Peru.
COTAHUASI
2
Sabandía. This beautiful district is noted for its
countryside, where fields perch on pre-Inca terraces.
Some of its houses still conserve characteristics of
the Republican patron of the XIX century. It is also
the location of the Sabandía Mill.
Sogay. A picturesque town whose surrounding
area, like that of Quequeña, has reservoir beds
of petroglyphs on an area of level ground and
ruins dating back 500 years. Sogay is known for
its waterfalls, which are reached by walking up
a small canyon.
Quarries of sillar. A gorge near the airport that
was created by water erosion, uncovering a
small canyon of white volcanic rock deposited
by the craters of Chachani several million years
ago. This material is known as “sillar”. The
new circuit of the stonemasons of Añashuayco
offers rural community tourism and the chance
to watch the stonemasons, who use ancestral
techniques to carve the traditional blocks of
stone used in the construction of Arequipa. It is
a place for exploring both nature and culture
in impressive scenic surroundings. An ongoing
project is adapting a large amphitheater as well
as offering adventure tourism in the form of
climbing and hiking.
MOLLENDO
4
TAMBO
To Moquegua
KEY
1
Puerto Inca
Departmental boundary
2
Cotahuasi Canyon
Departmental capital
3
Colca Canyon
Paved road
4
Lagunas de Mejía National Sanctuary
Unpaved road
5
Valley of the Volcanes
Airport
6
Salinas and Aguada Blanca National
Port
Reserve
UNESCO
Toro Muerto
World Heritage Site
7
Offices of iPerú
Tourist information and assistance
Main Square
110 Portal de la Municipalidad
Tel.: (054) 22-3265
Mon - Sat 9:00 to 18:00 / Sun 9:00 to 13:00
iperuarequipa@promperu.gob.pe
Alfredo Rodríguez Ballón Airport
(Arrivals and Main Hall)
Tel.: (054) 44-4564
Mon - Sun 6:20 to 22:00
iperuarequipaapto@promperu.gob.pe
51
Cusco
The paved streets and temples built by the
Walking through Cusco is like
traveling back in time.
Incas still stand in the same place they
were built more than 500 years ago, bearing
loyal witness to the heyday of this culture,
the most important in all of South America,
and its ultimate conquest by the Spanish,
who also left a valuable legacy in this city.
Unique experiences
Living Culture
Sunday fairs at
Chinchero and Pisac.
Join in with the farmers
in Raqchi.
Take part in the fiesta
of Inti Raymi or Qoyllur
Rit’i.
Of Today
in some of the city’s bars,
gourmet restaurants and
discotheques.
Adventure
Canoeing, mountain
biking, paragliding
etc, in the area around
Cusco. Canopy tours
in Santa Teresa, at the
foot of Machu Picchu.
Ancient
Cusco Cathedral
The Main Square is the heart of the city, surrounded by the cathedral, the
church of the Company of Jesus Christ and dozens of cafés, shops, hotels
and restaurants that fill it with life at all hours of the day and night. Here,
as is the case throughout the historic center, the colonial buildings were
constructed on top of Inca buildings, creating a unique style. Yet just a
short distance away it is also possible to find temples and archaeological
sites that demonstrate the skill of the Inca architects in all their grandeur,
as in Sacsayhuamán, Qenko, Pukapukara and Tambomachay.
One hour’s walk away is the valley of the Urubamba, also known as
the Sacred Valley of the Incas, whose capital, the city of Urubamba, is at
2 875 m (9 432 feet). This fertile zone in the north-west of the province
of Cusco was chosen as one of the urban and agricultural centers of
the empire. Here visitors can see the presence of important temples and
architectural monuments such as those of Ollantaytambo and Pisac, as
well as the system of terraces that can be observed on the steel hillsides
and in archaeological sites such as Moray, which is presumed to have
been a genetic laboratory used for agricultural experimentation. The
valley gave its name to the pass of the Vilcanota River, which changes its
name as it enters this region, becoming the Urubamba.
Dancing in the festival of Inti Raymi, Sacsayhuamán
Visit the archaeological
zones of Choquequirao,
Sacsayhuamán,
Tipón, Pisac and
Ollantaytambo.
Natural
Go birdwatching in
two extraordinary
sites: on Huacarpay
Lake and on Abra
Málaga.
Wondrous
Spend a day shopping
in the craft district of
San Blas.
53
Calendar
of festivals and events
MAP OF CUSCO
Easter week.
March or April (a movable feast). Holy Monday, procession and
blessing of the Señor de los Temblores, patron saint of Cusco.
Corpus Christi.
May or June, a movable feast. Procession of the images of 16 patron saints.
Qoyllur Rit’i.
6
5
7
To Apurímac
To Ica
May / June, a movable feast. The name of this festival means “Snow
Star” and mixes the ancestral cult of the “Apus” or mountains with
Catholic rituals. 50 thousand people wearing the typical costumes
of the different regions of the south come together and process to the
Santuario de Sinakara. The pilgrims usually carry stones of different
weights and deposit them on the “apacheta” (a mound of stones).
4
1 2 3
CUSCO
Inti Raymi.
Tourists in the town of Chinchero
To Puno
WHAT TO EAT
Such is the impact of tourism on Cusco
that there are restaurants for all tastes and
budgets. On a par with the typical South
Andean cuisine, the menus include stews such
as “qapchi” or “lawa” and dishes based on
alpaca meat (prized for its exquisite flavor and
low cholesterol). A further trend worth noting
is the growing popularity of Novoandean
cuisines, which uses Andean ingredients
such as quinoa and physalis but modern
cooking techniques. There is an abundance of
restaurants serving pasta dishes, vegetarian
food and, in general, international cuisine.
The traditional “picanterías”, for their part,
offer menus that are designed to hold on to
the earthy flavors of the regional foods.
ACCOMMODATION AND TOURISM SERVICES
Cusco has accommodation in all categories, including excellent boutique hotels and 5-star
establishments, with air conditioning and good restaurants. There are restaurants in every
category. The area also offers equipment hire for hiking, camping and canoeing. There are
various means of transport: cars, buses and trains to Puno and Machu Picchu. Guided tours
and specialist trips.
Weaver, Chinchero
1
Sacsayhuamán
Departmental boundary
2
Tambomachay
Departmental capital
3
Písac
Paved road
4
Yucay
Unpaved road
5
Ollantaytambo
Airport
6
Machu Picchu
UNESCO
7
Choquequirao
World Heritage Site
Tourist information and assistance
The main craft items include woven fabrics,
ceramics, silver jewelry, replicas of Cusco
paintings, furs, wood carvings(decorated
with gold leaf), religious imagery (Three
Kings, Virgin Mary, Baby Jesus and
Archangels), masks and other items.
The district of San Blas is home to craft
workshops such as those of the master
craftsmen Edilberto Mérida, Antonio Olave,
Jesús La Torre and the Mendívil family.
CUSCO
Velazco Astete Airport
(Arrivals and Main Hall)
Tel.: (084) 23-7364
Mon-Sun 6:00 to 17:00
iperucuscoapto@promperu.gob.pe
Main Square
177 Portal de Harinas
BCP Traveler Point
Mon-Sun 8:00 to 20:00
iperucusco@promperu.gob.pe
Hotel in the Urubamba Valley
It is necessary to acclimatize to the region. Visitors are advised to avoid strenuous
exercise during the first few hours and should eat light, easily digestible foods and drink
mate de coca to avoid soroche or altitude sickness. During the rainy season it is advisable
to wear a poncho or raincoat; during the dry season hats and sun lotion are necessary.
Department of Cusco | www.peru.travel
KEY
Offices of iPerú
WHAT TO BUY
54
To Puno
To Cusco
Machu Picchu
Av. Pachacutec block 1 s/n, of. 4
Tel./fax: (084) 21-1104
Mon-Fri 9:00 to 13:00 and 14:00 to 18:00
iperumachupicchu@promperu.gob.pe
24th June. Re-enactment of the fiesta of the Sun God, the highest Inca
deity, with a great folkloric display. This begins in Qoricancha and
culminates in Sacsayhuaman. It was the largest, most important
and spectacular festival carried out in the time of the Empire of
Tahuantinsuyo, whose religion was based on the worship of the sun.
Nuestra Señora del Carmen.
16th June. Colorful dances and a procession in honor of the Virgen
del Carmen in the town of Paucartambo. Important people like
the Q’ollas, Chunchus and Maqtas re-enact purgatory with
races and acrobatic displays. The main day starts at 5 a.m.
with a dawn mass. The highlight of the main mass, at 10 a.m.,
is the singing of the black Qollas and Qhapac. In the afternoon
the procession of the virgin is awaited by hundreds of faithful
worshippers, while in the rooftops and balconies the Saq’ras
(mischievous characters) add a colorful touch to the festivities.
Cusco in figures
Climate:
Cold/dry. Heavy rains from December to March.
Possibility of light drizzle or short showers all year round.
Max. temp.: 20.9 ºC / 69.62 ºF Min. temp.: 0.1 ºC / 32.18 ºF
Altitude: 3 399 masl (11 152 feet)
How to arrive
Daily flights:
From Lima (Lima): 1 h 15 min
From Arequipa (Arequipa): 35 min
From Juliaca: 55 min
From Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios): 55 min
From La Paz, Bolivia: 1 h / Flights every other day
From Lima (Lima): 1 104 km / 21 h 30 min
(Via Nasca, Abancay, Cusco)
From Nasca (Ica): 671 km / 14 h
From Arequipa (Arequipa): 516 km / 10 h
From Juliaca: 8 h
From Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios): 15 h
From Puno (Puno): 389 km / 6 h
Puno - Cusco: 9 h
Cusco - Aguas Calientes: 3 h
Departamento de Loreto, Iquitos www.peru.travel
55
03
Church of the Company of Jesus Christ. This is a majestic church of the Jesuit Order, in the heart of the
Main Square of the Imperial City, next to the Cathedral. It contains a beautiful collection of paintings,
delicate sculptures in wood and maguey and some more unusual corners, such as its underground
chapel for prayers for the dead, the sacristy and the covered aerial corridors that reach up to the central
dome.
Cusco
Main
Neighborhood and Chruch of San Blas. This picturesque craft
district is built on the same site as the ancient Inca district of
T’oqokachi. Inside its beautiful temple is a rich art collection
and a fantastic carved wooden pulpit.
Cathedral. A monumental architectural gem of the XVI century
formed of three churches with a rich collection of more than 1 200
works of art on display. Its main features are its altars, which are
richly decorated in gold leaf, its extraordinary choir stalls that are
carved out of solid wood and a curious picture of the Last Supper that
includes a guinea pig, a native species.
Sacsayhuamán Archeological Complex.
sites, the best known of which are Sacsayhuamán, Qenko, Pukapukara and Tambomachay.
On the main plaza of Sacsayhuaman the Inti Raymi or Festival of the Sun is celebrated on
24th June. The archaeological complex of Qenko or “labyrinth” probably dates from the
year 1500 A.D.; here ceremonies were carried out in worship of the sun, the moon and the
stars. Pukapukara offers numerous chambers, internal plazas, aqueducts, watchtowers
and paths and could well have served as an inn or a place for the Incas to rest and
stay. Tambomachay, on the other hand, could have played an important religious role
connected with water and the regeneration of the earth.
Museum of Pre-Colombian Art. In its 11 rooms
this museum has 450 works of art, including
ceramics and jewelry, created between 1250
B.C. and 1532 A.D. by various pre-Columbian
cultures.
Main Square. In Inca times this was known as “Haucaypata” (“place
of weeping or meeting”). It was the scene of some important historical
events. In pre-Hispanic times it was a site of holy ceremonies.
Church and Convent of Santo Domingo. Constructed on the famous temple of Qoricancha, the
temple of the Inca sun god which, in accordance with Andean cosmogony, was situated in the
middle of the world. The site covers the temple of the sun, the royal chambers and the holy
temples of the moon, the stars, the rainbow and the circular turret that is the main external
feature of the monument.
Archbishop’s House and the Twelve-angle Stone.
Viceregal construction of Arab influence built on
the base of the palace of Inca Roca. It is currently
the home of the Museo de Arte Religioso (Museum
of Religious Art). In Calle Hatunrumiyoc, adjacent
to the palace, there is an ancient Inca wall that is
a remarkable example of the skills of polishing and
placing each stone. The highlight of this structure
is the so-called “Twelve-angle Stone” (see photo),
famous for the perfect fit of its corners.
Church and Convent of La Merced. This church, the
principle seat of the Mercedarian Order, is a complete
example of majestic viceregal architecture. Inside
visitors can appreciate its collection of Cusco paintings,
which have been impeccably restored. However,
the highlight of any visit here is the marvelous
monstrance, or religious vessel. Made of gold, it is
covered with a multitude of diamonds, rubies, pearls
and many other precious stones. It is said to be a
replica of the monstrance of Toledo in Spain.
Machu Picchu Museum. Located in the Casa
Concha of the University of San Antonio Abad,
this museum displays more than 360 items
from Machu Picchu that were found at Yale
University. The collection includes ceramic
pots, metal objects and skeletons.
57
Village of Maras. The church and houses of this
town preserve the coats of arms of indigenous
noblemen on their doorways. From here it is
possible to visit the salt mines of Maras, which
date back to the Inca culture. The view of
approximately three thousand pools is truly
spectacular. The local people demonstrate the
ancient techniques and let visitors help in the
harvesting process.
from Cusco
Village of Písac. This town is known for
its craft market and for having some
interesting archaeological remains from
Inca times: an irrigation system, an
astronomic observatory, a solar clock or
“Intihuatana” and terraces.
Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one
of the 7 New Wonders of the World.
Moray Archeological Complex. An impressive circular system of
terraces. It is believed that this place was an important center for
agricultural experimentation that, due to the use of concentric terraces
and the different temperatures on each level, would have reproduced
all the ecological soils in the surrounding area of Tahuantinsuyo.
In the Sacred Valley
of the Incas
Village of Chinchero. The main highlight of this town is the church, which was
built in the colonial era and where visitors can see some beautiful paintings of the
Cusco school. On Sundays it holds a fair in which traders and farmers exchange their
products using a bartering system. The area also contains important archaeological
remains and terraces.
City of Urubamba. Located in the heart of the Sacred
Valley, in pre-Hispanic times it was an extremely
important agricultural center. Today its economy is
based around agriculture and tourism services.
Raqchi Archeological Complex. This archaeological
complex dates from the XV century and is considered
one of the boldest of all Inca constructions. The main
highlight of the group is the Templo de Wiracocha,
built of mud bricks supported on foundations of
volcanic stone. A few minutes away, in the town of
the same name, the inhabitants offer interesting rural
community tourism deals.
Pikillacta. This pre-Inca city is thought to have been at its height between the years
800 and 1100 A.D., in the period corresponding to the regional development of the Wari.
The grand urban and ceremonial center is almost 2 km (1.2 miles) long and is made
up of a citadel surrounded by steep embankments and walls rising up some 7 m (23
feet) in height. There are many deposits, “qolqas” or granaries which, in almost all the
constructions, are made of small stones joined with mud.
Village of Oropesa. Traditionally this
town is known as the “Land of Bread”.
The houses still have many ovens
which are used to produce the delicious
rural breads known as “chutas”.
Huaro. In the square of this small
district there is a colonial temple
that may have been built between
the XVII and XVIII centuries. It has
Tadeo Escalante (1803), one of the
last painters of the Cusco School,
and an altar carved in wood and
covered with sheets of embossed
silver and gold leaf.
Village of Yucay. From ancient times this
has been seen as a very important center
for hydraulic technology and agricultural
production. Here, too, it is possible to see
the palace of the Inca Manco Sayri Túpac.
According to legend, it was the personal
property of the Inca Huayna Cápac.
Ollantaytambo. This place is known as the “town
of the living Inca” as its people have held on to the
habits and customs of old. The archaeological group of
Ollantaytambo includes a temple, some terraces and an
urban sector. It was a notable administrative center which
would also have had military functions, as shown by
its walls and turrets. From Ollantaytambo it is possible
to visit the village of Willoc, whose Quechua-speaking
inhabitants are noted for their red clothing, which identifies
them as members of a unique community that is different
from the rest of the region.
City of Calca. Located in the folds of the snow-capped
peaks of Pitusiray and Sawasiray. Here visitors can
see the archaeological complex of Huchu’y Qosqo
or Cusco Chico, the therapeutic thermal waters
of Machacancha (warm, sulfurous waters) and
Minasmoqo (cold, sparkling waters).
Tipón Archeological Complex.
According to legend, this is one of
the royal gardens that Wiracocha
ordered to be built. It is possible to
see the advanced Inca technology in
its terraces and irrigation channels.
Andahuaylillas. This is known as the “Sistine
Chapel of America” due to the magnificent
decoration of the wall paintings, which
evoke wonder and admiration in visitors.
Choquequirao Archeological Complex.
This site is considered to be one of the lost citadels
of the Valley of Vilcabamba, where the Incas took
refuge after 1536. The complex keeps revealing new
architectural stone groups. It has hundreds of terraces,
rooms and irrigation channels. It can be reached from
the town of Cachora (Apurímac) in a two-day hike.
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ACCOMMODATION AND TOURISM SERVICES
At the entrance to the city there are toilet facilities, a telephone, a fast food restaurant and
a luxury hotel.
The district of Machu Picchu (known as the town of Aguas Calientes) has 3 and 4-star hotels
plus basic hostels as well as restaurants and an assortment of craft stalls.
Along the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu there are areas specifically marked out for overnight
stays by the managing authority of Machu Picchu (UGM). Wiñaywayna has a tourist lodge
with a basic hospitality service for 39 people and a restaurant that can cater for around 100
guests. The accredited agencies that operate on this route are in charge of providing basic
supplies for each visitor, such as food, tents and sleeping bags. It is important to respect the
natural conservation regulations of the Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
Reservations for walking the Inca Trail must be made in advance; in high season the advice
is to book at least 3 months in advance.
Information about availability and authorized tour operators can be found on the website:
www.machupicchu.gob.pe.
Terrace of a hotel at Machu Picchu
Tourist in the citadel of Machu Picchu
THE DISCOVERY
Panoramic view of Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu and the Inca Trail
Hidden high up on the mountain of the same name -which translates from the Quechua as
“old mountain”- the impressive Inca city of Machu Picchu, at 2 400 m (7 874 feet), blends
into its surroundings.
Machu Picchu
Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and chosen as one of
the 7 New Wonders of the World, the beauty of this site is almost
indescribable. The architecture of its temples and sacred chambers,
which is both monumental and supremely sophisticated, leaves
every visitor marveling at how a city of this scale could have been
built in such a remote location.
Today it is possible to access the city by train or bus or by walking
along part of the trail developed by the Incas to unite the empire.
Following the Inca Trail can take between 4 and 8 days, depending
on the level of interest and fitness of the traveler.
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Hiram Bingham, a historian and professor
from the University of Yale, was informed
of the existence of some Inca structures
that aroused his interest. On his return to
Peru in 1911, while he was searching for
Vilcabamba -known to be the last capital of
the Incas- he was taken by a local peasant
to the zone and arrived, in July of that
year, in Machu Picchu. Although they were
overrun by vegetation, it was still possible
to see the splendor of the stone buildings.
The explorer knew from the outset that this
was an important discovery. Today it has
become a true Wonder of the World. The
citadel that can be seen today forms part
of the Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary, a
natural protected area that was declared a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983.
Interior of a hotel in Aguas Calientes
THE INCA TRAIL TO MACHU PICCHU
This trail formed part of the network of
paths created by the Incas to unite the
main administrative and religious centers
all across Tahuantinsuyo. One of these
paths connected Cusco with Machu Picchu.
Travelers in search of adventure are now
able to walk along some sections of these
legendary paths. From one of them, known
as the Inca Trail, it is possible to observe
archaeological sites and varied scenery,
which has made it the most famous path
in all South America. The total distance
covered is around 43 kilometers (28 miles),
starting from a point known as Kilometer
88. Another trail starts in Mollepata, passes
over the hillsides of the snow-capped
Salkantay mountain and, four days later,
arrives at the lost city of the Incas. Visitors
who do not want the rigors of a demanding
trek can cover a one-day route that takes in
the archaeological site of Wiñaywayna.
Machu Picchu in figures
Climate: Average annual tem-
perature of 16°C.
The dry season runs from May
to September.
The wet season runs from October to April.
Altitude: 2 400 masl (7 874 feet)
How to arrive
Access from Cusco to Machu
Picchu railway station:
110 km / 4 h
Inca Trail
to Machu Picchu: 4 to 8 days.
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Huayna
Picchu
Sacred
Plaza
Temple of
the Three
Windows
Main
Temple
Industrial
Zone
(Los Morteros) Temple of
the Cóndor
Intihuatana
Wiñaywayna. This translates from the Quechua as “forever
young” and is perhaps the most beautiful building on the
Inca Trail; it can be reached on the third day of the trek.
However, it is not necessary to spend four or five days
walking the Inca Trail to get to know Wiñaywayna; it can
be accessed from the town of Machu Picchu by following
the railway track and then starting an ascent from Km 104.
The walk takes 3 1/2 hours.
Home Workshop
Intihuatana or solar clock
Main
Square
Citadel of Machu Picchu. This is divided into two zones. The agricultural sector is surrounded by a
succession of terraces of different designs and dimensions. It also has five rooms with storerooms known as
“qolcas”, or granaries. The urban sector contains the best architectural features of a wealthy city. The city
is U-shaped: to the north there is a large religious sub-sector while to the south are the residential areas,
with buildings that are assumed to have been inhabited by priests, administrators and even “acllas”, or
specially chosen women. This is where the Intihuatana is located, considered by many to be the solar clock
of the Incas. Its name means “hitching post of the sun” and due to its location it is thought that it also served
to indicate the position of the sun during the solstices. Alternatively it may have been a sacrificial altar.
Royal
Palace
From
Machu Picchu
Main Staircase
Temple
of the Sun
Main places to visit on
a tour of the citadel of
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu Historic Sanctuary. Covering 32 592 hectares, this
protected area contains 34 archaeological groups connected to each
other via the Inca Trail, including the city of the same name. It offers a
rich variety of species of flora and fauna, much of it native to the area.
The steepness of the area and its environmental configuration have led to
the existence of new zones of life. Its altitude varies from 2 000 to 6 000 m
(6 562 to 19 685 feet), covering high Andes and plateaus as well as
subtropical zones or jungle, which are home to a vast biodiversity. Its
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Department of Cusco, Machu Picchu | www.peru.travel
Temple of the Moon. From the main square of Machu
Picchu a three hour walk takes visitors to Huayna
Picchu and this fascinating temple, where the religious
conceptualization of the three levels of the Andean world
becomes apparent: the Hanan Pacha (the world above
the earth), the Kay Pacha (the world of the earth) and
the Ukju Pacha (the world inside the earth), represented
by the condor, the puma and the snake.
AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
(terraces)
greatest wealth is found in the humid zones between 2 000 and 3 000
m (6 562 and 9 843 feet). 500 species of orchid and various vines and
bromeliads are registered here. There is also an enormous variety of
fauna. 432 species of birds have been registered, including the cock-ofthe-rock (Rupícola peruviana) and many different hummingbirds. The
larger mammals include the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatos), the
puma (Puma concolor) and dwarf deer (Mazama chunnyi). There is also
an important diversity of reptiles, amphibians and insects.
Intipunku. The name means “Gateway of the Sun” in
Quechua and it forms the entrance to Machu Picchu
from the Inca Trail. Arriving here just before dawn to look
down on the Inca city emerging from the mist is a very
moving sight.
Site Museum and Botanic Garden. The museum of
Manuel Chávez Ballón and the botanic gardens are
located at the foot of the Inca city and display pieces of
sliverware and ceramic found in the different sites of the
Historic Sanctuary of Machu Picchu.
Huayna Picchu. The eternal guardian of the
Sanctuary, Huayna Picchu (“young mountain”
in Quechua) towers up over the Inca citadel.
experience. Along the way and at the summit
it is possible to see holy chambers and
extraordinary terraces build on the steep sides.
Mandor Waterfalls. After a two-hour walk along the
course of the Vilcanota River visitors reach the start
of the route up to the Valley of Mandor, where it is
possible to bathe and relax in the waterfalls. On the
way visitors can observe the interesting wildlife of the
region, with species that include the colorful cock-ofthe-rock, parrots and green jays.
Putucusi Lookout. Rising above the town of Machu
Picchu is the mountain of Putucusi, whose summit offers
spectacular views of the canyon of Vilcanota and the
city of Machu Picchu. The ascent is via a trail covered in
dense vegetation and takes approximately three hours.
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