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"Supersede is the only verb in the English language ending in
-sede. Exceed, proceed, and succeed are the only verbs ending in
-ceed. All other endings that have a "seed" sound are spelled -cede.
Note: A superscript number (1.2. etc.) after a word indicates
the spelling rule on page vii which applies. An asterisk (*)
indicates an exception to the rule.
_Vo_c_a_b_u_la_r~y_6_P_R_E_-T_E_S_T
,~
In each group below, circle the letter of the word that is nearest in meaning to the word at the left.
Then check your answers to see how you rate.
.
1. rampant
a. arrayed
b. luxuriant
c. muddled
d. trammeled
2. chaotic
a. profuse
b. unfeigned
c. restrained
d. disarrayed
3. chagrin
a. intolerance
b. impartiality
c. discomposure
d. magniloquence
4. flotsam
a. cliche
b. poise
c. debris
d. trance
5. hypocritical
a. pharisaical
b. rarik
c. unfeigned
d. guileless
6. reverie
a. reality
b. aplomb
c. prejudice
d. dream
7. bigotry
a. confidence
b. tolerance
c. eloquence
d. narrow-mindedness
8. embezzle
a. misappropriate
b. disconcert
c. wheedle
d. blandish
9. platitude
a. objectivity
b. fantasy
c. banality
d. unflappability
10. abash
a. swindle
b. intimidate
c. coax
d. embolden
11. rhetoric
a. cliche
b. prejudice
c. eloquence
d. dismay
12. cajole
a. inveigle
b. intimidate
c. discourage
d. embolden
:,
!
37
';J~~t~0?'ft:;~ff%'J:
.
.•
. ~~...
1:." \
1. abash (d -bash/) [From Old French esbahir "to astonish": es- (Latin ei-) "~~(v~~"h:i.ich" +
bahir "to gape, to astound"]
.
.; ~.,.,', ,. ~..,
(II) v. to destroy the self-confidence or self-possession
of anyonej i~make one feel
inferior or ashamed (used chiefly in the passive voice)
' ..
A believer in the verbal inspiration of the Bible has no reason to be abashed by
the ridicule of unbelieving scholars.
Synonyms: discomfit, disconcert, embarrass, intimidate, nonplus
Antonyms: embolden, encourage, reassure
Related forms: abashment (n.), abashed (adj.), abashedly (adv.)
II
2. bigotry (bIg'iH·rI) [From French bigoterie "overdevout," from bigot (of unknown origin), a word
of insult addressed by Frenchmen to Normans]
n. obstinate and unenlightened attachment to 'one's own religion, party, belief, or
opinion
Religious bigotry in Northern Ireland has resulted in great turmoil and strife for
that nation.
Synonyms: bias, fanaticism, intolerance, narrow-mindedness, prejudice
Antonyms: dispassion, impartiality, objectivity, open-mindedness, tolerance
Related forms: bigot (n.), bigoted (adj.), bigotedly (adv.)
3. cajole (ka-jol/) [From French cajoler "to chatter like a caged jay" (uncertain)]
(tr.} v. to get one's way by deceptive flattery or specious promises
He could neither be cajoled nor terrified from his ... avowal of the truth.
Synonyms: beguile, blandish, coax, inveigle, seduce, wheedle
Antonyms: deter, discourage, dissuade, hinder, repel, warn
Related forms: cajolement (n.), cajolery (n.), cajoler (n.), cajolingly (adv.)
-Trench
4. chagrin (sha-grlrr') [From French chagriner "to grieve, to be sad" (origin obscure)]
n. embarrassment or humiliation caused by disappointment or failure
You can imagine my chagrin at having to miss the banquet because I had no suit
to wear.
Synonyms: discomposure, dismay, mortification, perturbation, shame
Antonyms: aplomb, composure, confidence, poise, repose, unflappability
Related form: chagrined (v.)
5. chaotic (ka -ot/Ik) [From Greek khaos "empty space"]
adj. utterly disordered or confused
.
As the prime suspect exited the courthouse, a chaotic group of reporters rushed
forward to ask questions ..
Synonyms: cluttered, disarrayed, jumbled, muddled, snarled
Antonyms: arrayed, neat, orderly, organized, peaceful
Related forms: chaos (n.), chaotically (adv.)
38
I
6. embezzle (em-bez+'l) [From Old French embesillier: en- (em-) "thoroughly" + besillier "to make
away with, ravage"]
(11'.) v. to fraudulently
appropriate money entrusted to ?ne's care
Since he had embezzled a large sum of the banks money, the convicted teller
was sentenced to twenty years in prison.
Synonyms: defraud, misappropriate, steal, swindle
Related forms: embezzlement (n.), embezzler (n.)
11
·
'.!
7. flotsam (flot/scrn) [From French [loteson, from Old French [loter "to float"]
n. wreckage or goods found afloat after a ship has sunk
The mass of flotsam after the storm indicated a dreadful disaster at sea.
Synonyms: debris, fragments, remains
~.-:
8. hypocritical
(hlp/o-krft/l-kzzl)
(From Greek hupokrisis "an acting on the stage," from hupokrinesthai "to playa part"]
adj. characterized by feigning to be what one is not
People are not hypocritical in religion only; they pretend to be wealthy when
they have not a dime and affect knowledge when they are ignorant.
Synonyms: insincere, pharisaical, sanctimonious, specious, two-faced
Antonyms: genuine, guileless, sincere, undeceitful, unfeigned
Related forms: hypocrite (n.), hypocrisy (n.), hypocritically (adv.)
9. platitude
ar
10. rampant
or
[From French platitude "flatness," from Greekplatus "flat"]
n. a dull and trite remark solemnly stated
I do not remember what he said, for he mouthed a string of platitudes and
inanities.
Synonyms: banality, cliche, commonplace, truism
Related forms: platitudinous (adj.), platitudinize (v.), platitudinarian (n., adj.)
(plat/r-tud)
(ram/pant) [From Old French rampant, from ramper "to climb"]
adj. growing or flourishing unchecked; unrestrained
Hawthorne speaks of a courtyard walled and sinister, and almost hidden
under a rampant growth of vegetation.
Synonyms: luxuriant, overgrown, profuse, rank, rife
Antonyms: checked, curbed, restrained, trammeled
Related form: rampantly (adv.)
II
11. reverie (rev/er-I) [From French reverie, from rever "to muse, to dream"]
n. abstracted musing; daydreaming
He walked about in a sad reverie, oblivious to what was passing around him.
Synonyms: brown study, dream, fantasy, trance
Antonyms: certainty, reality, realization, substance
-~
it
.:
12. rhetoric
".-
ed
(From Greek rhetorike "the art of the orator," from rhetor "public speaker"]
n. the art of using effective and persuasive language; the rules guiding the
effective use of language
His rhetoric was so persuasive that he swayed the hostile audience to accept
his cause.
Synonyms: eloquence, expressiveness, forcefulness
n. language characterized by artificial or ostentatious expression
The speaker's feeble attempt at eloquence more nearly resembled high-flown
rhetoric.
Synonyms: bombast, grandiloquence, magniloquence
Related forms: rhetor (n.), rhetorical (adj.), rhetorician (n.)
(ret/ o-rlk)
39
--
------
,
I
-
t
l
7. bigotry
!
a. impartiality
a . cluttered
b. banality
8. rampant
!
9. flotsam
a. remains
b. shame
I
10. embezzle
a. intimidate
11. reverie
12. chagrin
I
.---...
j
!
c. unflappability
c. snarled
d. forcefulness
d. repose
b. repel
c. fantasy
c. defraud
a. discomposure
b. impartiality
c. poise
d. certainty
a. truism
b. repose
c. fantasy
d. dispassion
b. restrained
Exercise ~ ••1M_o_~_d_A_n_a
••IY_S_iS
•••••
(1) Learn the meanings
of the following
d. muddled
d. wheedle
_
word parts.
(2) Using the Word Analyzer (inside the front and back covers), write down the literal meaning of the
following words. First, write the meanings of the various parts; next, rearrange the wording of the
parts to determine the literal meaning.
incision
In-'
(PREFIX)
CIS
(ROOT)
III
1.
-(t)ion
(SUFFIX)
LITERAL MEAl\.l1NG
..
.
in-"
irrefrangible C )
rrre':
Ice
eled
:l
:Ie
(PREFIX) .
(PREFIX)
:
FRANG
-
=
-ible
(ROOT)
(SUFFIX)
LITERAL MEANING
=
-
anatomical anaTOM
-ical
(PREFIX)
(ROOT)
(SUFFIX)
.st
LITERAL MEANING
41
I