Art and Architecture of the Roman Empire
Title
Type
Emperor
Features
Examination
Vatican
Marble
Veristic; shows Patrician with busts of ancestors
81,86,89,99,04
Commodus
1 BC-AD 1 (Wheeler,
Hannah)
c. AD 190
Vatican
Marble
82, 84,89,96,02
Sculpture – bust
Philip the Arabian
AD 244-249
Vatican
Marble
Relief sculpture
Augustus
13 – 9 BC
Rome
Arch of Titus
Relief sculpture
c. AD 81
Rome
Trajan’s Column
Relief sculpture
Titus and
Domitian
Trajan
Tufa, Travertine, Carrara
Marble
Concrete, Pentelic marble
Rome
Parian marble
Arch of Constantine
Relief sculpture
Constantine
AD 112 –113
(Hannah)
AD 312-315
Rome
Limestone, brick, marble
Pont du Gard
Aqueduct
Augustus
Nimes
(France)
Travertine
Theatre at Lepcis
Magna
Colosseum
Theatre
Augustus
c. 19 BC (Hannah);
20-16 BC (Campbell
and Sears); Wheeler
AD 14
AD 1-2
Antonine Baroque (theatrical); allegorical
treatment of Emperor; drilled and polished
marble
Veristic – return to late Republican style; dress
style late Empire
Altar for Imperial propaganda; reliefs of
allegorical, mythical and historical images
Triumphal arch; commemorates Titus’ victory
over Jews and sack of Temple in Jerusalem
Imperial propaganda of Dacian victories on
continuous frieze; tomb; St Peter’s statue
Triumphal arch; C’s victory over Maxentius;
pirated reliefs from reigns of the ‘Good
Emperors’ (2nd Century AD)
Roman engineering skill; imperial patronage
(Agrippa)
Libya
Concrete, Limestone, Marble
81,83,90,96,00
Amphitheatre
Flavians
AD 75 – 80 (Sear)
Rome
Concrete, Limestone, Marble
Baths at Lepcis
Magna
Maison Carree
Baths
Hadrian
AD 126-7
Libya
Concrete, Limestone, Marble
Temple
Augustus
Nimes
(France)
Local limestone
Pantheon
Temple
Hadrian
Rome
Brick/concrete, tufa, pumice,
marble
Temple at Baalbek
Temple
Antoninus Pius
Lebanon
Local limestone
Hadrian’s Villa
Country villa
Hadrian
18-16 BC (Campbell);
early 1st C AD
(Hannah)
AD 118-128;
dedicated AD 125
(Campbell)
c. AD 150; finished by
c. AD 250 (Campbell)
c. AD 118-125/ AD
125-134
Tivoli
Brick-faced concrete
Mosaics from
Hadrian’s Villa
Polychrome
mosaics
Hadrian
AD 125-134 (Hannah)
c. AD 130 (Campbell)
Tivoli
Glass, stone etc
Scale; role of wealthy patronage in building this
and additions; Carthiginian roots of colony
Imperial propaganda – site of lake in grounds of
Nero’s Domus Aurea; Greek influences (column
facades)
Imperial patronage/propaganda; grand scale;
axial symmetry
Imperial patronage; Roman style with
Greek/Italian influences (pseudo-peripteral
colonnade)
Imperial propaganda; domed rotunda on
traditional Roman porch; innovative
construction techniques
Temple for Bacchus in bigger temple complex;
mix of Roman, Greek and Eastern influences
Personal residence; evidence of Emperor’s
Eastern travels (Greece, Egypt); use of curves,
arches and water features
Decoration from central court Piazza d’Oro of
H.V.; reflects Emperor’s taste in nature
Patrician Carrying
busts
Bust of Commodus
Sculpture - statue
Augustus
Sculpture -Deep
bust
Bust of Philip the
Arab
Ara Pacis Augustae
Date
Found
Materials
80,87,95
83,92,98,02
85,91,95,99,03
81,88,92,96,01
82,92,97
80,85,90,98,04
83,87,91,96,01
81,85,95,03
82,84,89,93,00,
03
80,84,90,97,01
86,90,94,99,04
88,93,94,98,02
83,87,91,94,00