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:J Music
S
American music
1
T4.21 Ascolta questi diversi generi musicali. Sei capace di dire di
che genere si tratta? Scrivi il numero (1 – 5) di genere musicale che senti.
Folk music
Gospel music
Rap
2
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Country and western music
Marching bands
Jazz
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Tutti i generi di musica nell’elenco dell’es. 1 hanno avuto
origine negli USA. Ascolta e leggi questo testo.
T4.22
Folk music
Marching
bands
Early American folk music was
from English folk music and
German church music. The
songs were about work, love
or travelling. They were usually
slow, sad songs. Modern folk
songs are often protest songs
about war or ecology.
Gospel music
Gospel music started in the
churches in the southern states
of the USA. These churches
were popular with black people.
They enjoyed clapping their
hands, dancing and jumping.
The preacher (or priest) shouted
a question and the gospel choir
shouted an answer. It was like
a conversation.
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Rhythm ’n’ blues (‘R&B’)
Rock ’n’ roll
Country &
western music
Country and western music is a
combination of cowboy songs
and love songs. The best place
to hear country and western
music is Nashville, Tennessee.
Dolly Parton is a famous country
and western singer. A famous
country song is Tie a Yellow
Ribbon Round the Old Oak Tree.
Marching bands are famous all
over the USA. They are usually
military or police bands. The
bands wear uniforms and play
music as they march in parades
and processions, for example,
on Independence Day. John
Philip Sousa was a famous
musician of the 19th century.
People call him ‘The March
King’ because he wrote over
135 marches for bands including
The Stars and Stripes Forever.
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Jazz
Rap
The city of New Orleans is
important in the history of jazz.
Many African-Americans lived
there. At funerals, they played
slow marching music. Later, this
developed into jazz. It became
popular in other American
cities, especially Chicago.
One of the most famous jazz
musicians was Louis Armstrong.
He played the trumpet and his
nickname was Satchmo.
‘Rap’ is short for ‘rhythm and
poetry’. A lot of rap artists are
African-Americans, but Eminem
is unusual because he is a white
rapper. Rappers speak the words
rhythmically over the music.
Rhythm ’n’
blues
This grew out of jazz, gospel
music and negro spirituals.
This is the real sound of Black
America. The rhythm and the
story are important in R&B
music.
3
Rispondi a queste domande.
1 What were folk songs usually about?
2 Where did gospel music start?
3 Who is a famous country and
western singer?
4 Who was ‘The March King’?
5 Who was a famous jazz musician?
6 What is important in R&B?
7 What does ‘rap’ mean?
8 Who was a very famous rock ’n’ roll star?
Rock ’n’ oll
Rock ’n’ roll started in the
1950s. It was a mixture of R&B
and country and western music.
The first rock ’n’ roll singers
were black. Buddy Holly
introduced rock ’n’ roll to young
white people. Elvis Presley
(1935 – 77) was the ‘King of
Rock ’n’ roll’. He played the
guitar and was one of the
world’s most famous singers.
Portfolio
Rispondi a queste domande:
• Che genere di musica ti piace?
• Preferisci le canzoni e i cantanti
italiani o quelli internazionali?
• Chi sono i tuoi cantanti / gruppi
preferiti?
Scrivi un brano (25 – 35 parole) sul tuo
cantante / gruppo preferito. Di’ che tipo
di musica fanno e che tipo di canzoni
cantano.
13
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Science
Pumpkins
1
T4.23
Ascolta e leggi il testo sulle zucche.
Pumpkin facts
Pumpkins are from the squash family.
Cucumbers belong to this family, too. Pumpkins
are sometimes very big. The winner of the
Pennsylvania Giant Pumpkin Contest weighed
over 667 kg.
Pumpkins are good for you
• Pumpkins contain Vitamin A, potassium
and fibre.
• Pumpkins contain beta carotene, so they
help to protect your body from cancer.
• Pumpkins contain no cholesterol and
almost no salt so they are good for
your heart.
• Pumpkins are good for your skin. Many
skin creams contain pumpkin.
Anatomy of a pumpkin
1 Leaves
They are green and
they absorb energy from
the sun.
9 Stem
This is brown or green
and you can find it at
the top of the pumpkin.
It brings nutrients (or
food) to the pumpkin.
2 Pulp
This is sometimes
called ‘the meat’. You
cook the pulp in stews
or pies. You can make
ice-cream and beer
with the pulp.
8 Tendrils
The pumpkin holds
onto things with these
curly little arms. They
protect the pumpkin
when the wind blows.
3 Seeds
There are hundreds of
seeds in a pumpkin.
4 Nut
This is inside the seed.
When the seed has
water and it’s warm,
the nut grows into a
new plant.
14
5 Fibres
They are in the centre
of the pumpkin.
6 Ribs
The big lines on the
sides of the pumpkin.
7 Skin
The thin orange
outside part of the
pumpkin. It’s sometimes
called the ‘rind’.
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Scegli le riposte corrette.
1 Pumpkins belong to the … family.
a cucumber
b squash
2 Pumpkins are good for your heart
because they have no…
a sugar.
b salt.
3 The pumpkin skin is called the...
a peel.
b rind.
4 Fibres are on the...
a inside
b outside
5 You can make ... from the pulp.
a pies
b wine
Leggi la ricetta di biscotti alla zucca e metti le immagini nell’ordine corretto.
Recipe for pumpkin cookies
You need:
1 cup of margarine
1 cup of cooked pumpkin
1 egg
1 cup of raisins
1 teaspoon of cinnamon
1 teaspoon of baking soda
A
D
B
E
3/4 cup of sugar
1/4 teaspoon of salt
2 cups of flour
1/2 cup of molasses
1/4 teaspoon of nutmeg
(sodium bicarbonate)
Method:
1 Heat the oven to 190°C (375°F).
2 Mix the margarine and sugar.
c
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3 Add the pumpkin, egg and molasses
and mix it well.
■
4 Add the flour, raisins, cinnamon,
nutmeg and salt.
■
5 Put small amounts of the mixture
on a baking tray.
■
6 Bake the cookies in the oven for
10 –12 minutes.
■
C
F
Portfolio
Pensa all’Italia e rispondi a queste domande:
• Ci sono concorsi per frutta o verdura giganti?
• Quali pietanze italiane fanno bene al corpo?
• Quali pietanze italiane fanno male al corpo?
Poi riferisci le tue risposte alla classe.
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a
'
History 7
Ellis Island
1
T4.24
Leggi e ascolta questo testo su Ellis Island.
Ellis Island, in New York Harbor*, was a very important
place in the late 19th century. Immigrants to the USA
came here from Italy, Ireland, Germany and many other
countries and registered to enter the country. They
usually waited hours or even days to register. This was
after a long sea journey to reach the USA. In total,
around 12 million immigrants entered the USA through
Ellis Island. About 50 percent of Americans can trace
their family back to an Ellis Island immigrant. Now the
old Immigration Station is a museum and tourist attraction.
Ellis Island
Here is a time line of Ellis Island.
1670
Dutch settlers gave the island a name – Oyster Island.
1776
Samuel Ellis from New York opened a small bar and hotel on the island.
1808
The Ellis family sold the island to New York State.
1812
New York State kept all its guns and gunpowder on Ellis Island.
1892
The first Ellis Island Immigration Station opened.
1907
On April 17th 11,747 immigrants passed through – the highest number on one day.
1918
Ellis Island became a hospital for soldiers from World War I.
1924
The end of mass immigration.
1954
The Immigration Station closed.
1990
The new Ellis Island Museum opened. Since 1990 over 20 million people have visited
the museum and the Immigrant Wall of Honour (the world’s longest list of names).
2001
The website (www.ellisisland.org) opened with the national records of 25 million
immigrants to the USA from the years 1892 – 1924.
Factfile of immigrants to the USA:
Numbers and country of origin
1820 – 1880
3 million (Germany)
2.8 million (Ireland)
2 million (Britain)
1880 – 1930
4.6 million (Italy)
1930 – 1965
940,000 (Germany)
1965 – 2000
4.3 million (Mexico)
390,000 (Italy)
1.4 million (the Philippines)
Immigrants at Ellis Island
Many other immigrants to the USA came from
Vietnam, China, India, Russia, Iran and Jamaica.
*harbor (US)=harbour (UK)
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Usa il testo e la scheda dati per rispondere a
queste domande.
1 How many immigrants entered the USA
through Ellis Island in total?
2 How did the island get its name?
3 When did Ellis Island first become a post
for immigration?
4 What happened on April 17th, 1907?
5 When did the station close?
6 How many Italian immigrants came
between 1880 and 1930?
7 How many Mexican immigrants came
between 1965 and 2000?
3
The Immigration Hall today
Immagina che sia il 1898. Leggi la conversazione con un emigrante
italiano tipico. Scrivi le domande (a – i) negli spazi corretti. Poi ascolta
controlla le tue risposte.
T4.25
A 1
B Mario Bonomi.
A 2
B Piacenza in Italy.
A 3
B She’s at home in Italy. When I find a job
I can send her money and she can bring
the children.
A 4
B I wanted to come here because America
is the ‘land of opportunity’. My children
are hungry.
A 5
B I walked off the boat with all the other
immigrants and entered the Immigration
Office on Ellis Island.
A 6
B About five or six thousand.
A 7
B I was happy, nervous and hot. It was
August and I was in my heavy winter
suit. It was too big for my bag.
A 8
B About five hours. We saw the doctor
and the immigration officials.
A 9
B Some were, but there were also Jews
from eastern Europe, Irish families and
Germans, too.
a What happened when you arrived in
New York?
b Where’s your wife?
c Were all the other immigrants from Italy?
d How did you feel?
e What’s your name?
f How long were you in the Immigration Office?
g Where do you come from?
h Why did you leave Italy?
i How many immigrants arrived with you?
Portfolio
Pensa alla tua famiglia e rispondi
a queste domande:
• Hai amici o parenti che vivono
all’estero?
• Dove si trovano?
• Quando hanno lasciato l’Italia?
• Sono contenti?
Scrivi degli appunti e riferisci le tue
risposte alla classe. Poi discuti su questa
domanda:
• Ti piacerebbe lasciare l’Italia?
Perché? / Perché no?
17
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Science
The solar system
3
Quale pianeta? Ascolta e leggi il testo. Scrivi
il nome dei pianeti sotto le immagini corrette.
T4.27
Mars is a small, dry planet. It has a red, rocky surface
and, because of this, it is called the Red Planet. Mars
is much colder than Earth. It has two small moons,
Phobis and Deimos.
Uranus, Jupiter, Saturn and Neptune all have rings.
The rings consist of rocks that are floating in space.
Scientists don’t know how the rings formed or where
they came from. Each planet has a different number
of rings.
1
Quante cose sai sul nostro sistema solare?
Fai questo rapido quiz.
Quiz
1 How many planets are there in our
solar system?
2 What are their names?
3 Which is the largest planet?
4 Which is the smallest planet?
5 Which planet is closest to Earth?
6 Which planet is closest to the Sun?
7 Which planet is furthest from the Sun?
8 Which is the hottest planet?
2
Ascolta e leggi il testo per controllare
se hai ragione.
T4.26
The solar system consists of the Sun, the
planets, moons, asteroids and comets. It
formed about 4.5 billion years ago. There are
nine main planets in the solar system. They are
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus, Neptune and Pluto*. Venus is the
hottest planet, but it isn’t the closest to the Sun
– that’s Mercury. Pluto is the coldest planet
and is the furthest away from the Sun. Pluto
is also the smallest planet and Jupiter is the
largest. Mars is the closest planet to Earth.
*Pluto is now thought to be a minor or ‘dwarf’ planet.
18
Neptune has four rings. It is very impressive because it
has a blue surface. Neptune is as big as Earth. It also
has four moons.
Uranus has 11 rings and 15 moons. The atmosphere
around Uranus is a greenish colour and it consists of
gases: methane, hydrogen and helium. Uranus is very
cold – the average temperature is about -205° C.
Jupiter is the largest planet. It has a rocky centre, but
it looks orange from space because it is covered in
orange clouds of gases. Very strong winds blow these
clouds and cause gigantic storms.
Saturn is nearly as big as Jupiter. Saturn’s rings are
the only ones we can see from Earth. They are the
most colourful of all the planets, and because of this,
scientists say Saturn is the most beautiful planet.
Saturn also has about 18 moons. Some scientists
believe that Saturn has more moons than this. The
moons came from a very large moon that broke up.
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4
Ascolta e leggi il testo sulle sonde
spaziali e rispondi alle domande.
T4.28
1
Space probes
2
We have amazing pictures of the planets
because of space probes. Space probes are
space ships, but there are no astronauts.
Scientists in space stations on Earth control
their movements. Because there are no
astronauts, space probes can stay in space for
a very long time. The purpose of the probes is
to find out about the planets and discover new
things about them. They do this when they take
photos. Voyager 2 is the most successful
space probe. It travelled for more than ten
years and went to every planet except Pluto.
3
1 What are space probes?
2 Who controls their movements?
3 Why can they stay in space for a very
long time?
4 What is Voyager 2?
5 How long did it travel around space?
6 Which planet didn’t it go to?
4
Jupiter
Portfolio
Trova informazioni sul pianeta Terra e
scrivine una descrizione. Parla di:
• i gas nell’atmosfera
• il numero di lune
• le caratteristiche della superficie
(montagne, mari ecc.)
5
19
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a
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History 7
Martin Luther King and the Civil Rights Movement
1
Quante cose sai sugli schiavi americani? Sei capace di rispondere a queste domande?
• Where did they come from?
• Which parts of America did they work / live in?
• When was slavery abolished in America?
2
T4.29
Ascolta e leggi il testo per controllare se hai ragione.
An American slave market
From the 16th century slave
traders took African men,
women and children from their
country to work on the large
plantations of the southern
states of America. The slaves
were very cheap labour for the
plantation owners. The slaves
worked until they died. They
were not free. They belonged to
the plantation owners.
In 1865 slavery was abolished in
all parts of the USA. By the 20th
century, black Americans were
no longer slaves, but they were
not equal to American citizens.
They could not vote; they could
not sit on the same buses or in
20
the same restaurants as white
Americans or go to the same
schools. They were second-class
citizens.
protest movements of the 20th
century. In 1955 the story of a
black worker called Rosa Parks
caused a massive public protest.
Rosa lived in Alabama and she
worked for a large department
store. The police arrested her
because she refused to give up
her seat on a bus. The seat was
reserved for white people. King
protested against the bus
company and for many weeks
the black workers stopped going
on the buses. This ‘boycott’
lasted until the buses agreed to
end ‘segregation’ (separation
between blacks and whites).
✗
This changed with Martin Luther
King. King was a Baptist minister
from Alabama and he became
the leader of one of the largest
Rosa Parks
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‘
I have a dream that my four little children
will one day live in a nation where they will
not be judged by the colour of their skin,
but by the content of their character.
’
Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King’s movement
continued and in 1963 he led
250,000 people in a march on
Washington DC. He gave one
of the most famous speeches
of the 20th century. It is called
the ‘I have a dream…’ speech
because he used the words
‘I have a dream’ many times in
the speech. In his speech King
spoke about his dream for
equality between black and
white citizens in America.
King went to jail several times for
his beliefs, but he continued to
work for equality. Some people
hated Martin Luther King for his
work and in 1968 he was
assassinated. But before this
happened, he saw the abolition
of racial discrimination laws in
1964 – 65 and he won the Nobel
Prize for Peace in 1964.
Martin Luther King was one of
the most important people in
American history. In 1986 the
United States began to hold a
public holiday in his name.
The Washington March , 1963
3
Decidi se queste affermazioni sono
vere (T) o false (F). Correggi quelle false.
1 By the 20th century, black Americans
did not work as slaves.
2 Martin Luther King came from
Washington DC.
3 Rosa Parks was a black woman.
4 Martin Luther King led 250,000 people
in a march in Alabama.
5 King died before the racial discrimination
laws were abolished.
6 King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1963.
Portfolio
Pensa ad alcuni leader famosi della storia
italiana e rispondi a queste domande:
• Perché erano famosi?
• Che cosa hanno influenzato?
• Perché sono stati importanti per
l’Italia?
Adesso scrivi degli appunti e riferisci le
tue informazioni alla classe.
21