DEPARTAMENT OF GEOLOGY AND LITH
LITHO
OSPHERE PROTECTION
EARTH SCIENCE INSTITUTE
MARIA CURIE –SKLODOWSKA UNIVERSITY IN LUBLIN,
LUBLIN POLAND
dr inż. Miłosz Huber
Ol Y
Olga
Yakovleva
k l
Problems of existence in the Arctic region of the
Russian Federation: the case of the Kola peninsula
( i
(environment
protection,
i
pollution,
ll i living
li i conditions
di i
).
)
Localization of the Kola p
pen.
Surface 140.000 km2.
28º25`-41º26`E - 66º03’-69º57` N
North part of Scandinavian
peninsula.
Border (from North to the South):
Kola river, Imandra lake & Niva
river.
Sea: by North –Barents Sea; by East
and South –White Sea.
The average height of Mountains is
near 500 m, maximum ~1200m.
Upper 100 000 lakes, differenced
by genesis, in the quaternary
sediments and crystal rocks.
Major part of kola pen is
localized after the arctic circle
Climate of the Kola pen.
p
Average of temperature: from -22º
to 1ºC (by year), –8º to –6ºC
(january), 10ºC (july).
Max 25ºC, min. near –40ºC
degrees
Winter on the Kola pen.
In mountains the snow lengths near 80-160 day by year
Halo by winter
© Miłosz Huber
Interesting nature events
Winter: Sun and the Barents fjord in Murmansk
© Miłosz Huber
Snow drift
© Miłosz Huber
More of snowing or raining days.
The frozen lakes
People come a cross the frosen lakes
© Miłosz Huber
White Sea
© Miłosz Huber
Total precipitation
i i i 450 – 900mm per year;
amount of no-clouds day ~ 20/year.
© Miłosz Huber
Geology
Most interesting
g minerals in Kola
© Miłosz Huber
GLENDANITE
1cm
1 cm
Pseudomorphose of kalcite after ikaite
© Miłosz Huber
GLENDANITE
© Miłosz Huber
1cm
Nature reserves
•
-
Three national nature reserves:
Lapland
Kandalaksha (islands reserve)
Pasvik (Russian –Norwegian)
Lapland nature reserve
278.435ha
(27.998 buffer
zone)
old forest
habitat, pine &
fir threes (pinus
sylvestris ssp
ssp.
Iaponica, Picea
obovata), uper
1000 different
species of
organisms.
http://oopt.info/lapland/index.html
Lapland
http://www.murman.ru/ecology/comitet/report00/part4_1.shtml#top
Lapland
http://www.murman.ru/ecology/comitet/report00/part4_1.shtml#top
Kandalaksha (islands reserve)
13 pieces in
the another
regions of
Kola pen.:
Pechenga,
g ,
Barents Sea,
Tiersky shore,
Kandalaksha
gulf,
70.500 ha,
(49 600 ha on
(49.600
Sea)
http://www.kandalaksha.org/images/kartazapov.jpg
Seat of birds
and marine
mammals.
Close for visitors, (military zone)
Kandalaksha
© Miłosz Huber
Pasvik
14.727ha
14
727ha in Russian and 5
5.420
420 in
Norvegian region,
Protect the Pasvik rivers pool with
many hatching
h hi birds
bi d areas.
www.bioforsk.no
http://www.floranimal.ru/national/park.php?pid=67
Pasvik
http://www.panoramio.com/photo/10780266
Mine industrial centre
•
•
•
•
•
•
Murmansk
Monchegorsk
Apatity (Kirovsk)
Kandalaksha
Nikel
K d
Kovdor
Mine industrial centre
•
•
•
•
•
•
Murmansk
Monchegorsk
Apatity (Kirovsk)
Kandalaksha
Nikel
K d
Kovdor
Mine industrial centre
•
•
•
•
•
•
Murmansk
Monchegorsk
Apatity (Kirovsk)
Kandalaksha
Nikel
K d
Kovdor
Mine industrial centre
•
•
•
•
•
•
Murmansk
Monchegorsk
Apatity (Kirovsk)
Kandalaksha
Nikel
K d
Kovdor
Mine industrial centre
•
•
•
•
•
•
Murmansk
Monchegorsk
Apatity (Kirovsk)
Kandalaksha
Nikel
K d
Kovdor
Mine industrial centre
•
•
•
•
•
•
Murmansk
Monchegorsk
Apatity (Kirovsk)
Kandalaksha
Nikel
K d
Kovdor
Pollution
Lot of people will have little knowledge on the subject
and the analysis results are secret or malfunction
The source of pollution is:
• Human places
- Murmansk –majors city after the Arctic circle
• Industry
d
- Mining and procesing of ore & rocks (Monchegorsk,
Khibi Lovoziero)
Khibiny,
L
i )
- Rubbish problems
Very serious problems with the pollutions. In the Russia is
still less interested problems.
Murmansk
• The capitol of region (~500.000)
• Centre of administration, rail, kulture,
science…
science
Murmansk panorama
http://studyabroad.uoregon.edu/images/june2006winner_murmansk_f.jpg
Technical problems with building
Murmansk
•Major Port city in the Arctic Area
Murmansk
Murmansk
• Typical
yp
block of flats in Murmansk.
Murmansk
The garbage (often a different chemical nature) are not
secured, and expose people to contact.
The ecological disaster zone of
Monchegorsk
g
region
g
Problem of acid rains.
Exploitation of Cr-Ni-Fe sulphide deposits.
Monchegorsk
Apatity
p yq
quarry
y
There are a lot of intensive
exploitation
l i i areas, which
hi h
does not care about the
nature and the living
conditions.
Apatity
Industry panorama
The block of flats in Apatity
p y
no -completed investments frighten the visitors.
Kirovsk
Not protected pecipitation tanks in
Lovoziero Massive
Phosphor deposits (alkaline magmatic rocks) with REE inclusions.
inclusions
Barents sea
• Ships cemetery
• Problem with the radial rubbish
Nuclear reactors
Life conditions
• Polar days and nights
• High
Hi h pressure, strong
t
wind, short period of
wegetation
Just like the average
countries in these
geographic position.
Polar days and nights
• Quartz lamp for children
• Problems with depression
during the polar night
Expensive products
Summer prices:
Strawberry 5€/kg
Plum 2,5 €/kg
the mean months
salary 400 €
Entertaiments in the cityy after Arctic Circle
A lot of cultural and sports events in the Murmansk region
Invite
You to
WWW
of Kola
Science
Group
http://znkola.w.interia.pl/
Some pict
pictures
res from Kola trips.
trips
Some pictures from the trip
Tipical russian train
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
St. Petersburg.
© Paweł Kramarz
Hermitage
© Paweł Kramarz
Hermitage
© Paweł Kramarz
Arctic Circle
© Miłosz Huber
weakly visible train station
Camp life....
© Miłosz Huber
To the trip..
We was travelingg byy these special
p
car with
high wheels.
© Paweł Kramarz
In the quarry
© Miłosz Huber
Trip cross the river
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
In the Khibina M-tns
© Paweł Kramarz
Geological studies
© Paweł Kramarz
Amphibolite near the Kandalaksha.
© Paweł Kramarz
The camp
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
mushrooms
© Paweł Kramarz
Making dinner at the fireplace
© Paweł Kramarz
© Paweł Kramarz
The tea time…
© Paweł Kramarz
Water boreholes in Khibina
© Paweł Kramarz
The Khibina station
© Paweł Kramarz
Go to home
My baggage
with mineral
samples
© Paweł Kramarz
„strong man”…
man …
Thank you for your attention.
☺
© Paweł Kramarz