Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchanges Therapeutic Interchange Alpha Blockers ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Buprenorphine Calcium Channel Blockers (DHP) Carbapenems Cardioselective Beta Blockers Cephalosporins Corticosteroids, Inhaled Corticosteroids, Intranasal Fluoroquinolones Glitazones Histamine Receptor Antagonists (H2RAs) Ipratropium Metered Dose Inhalers IV to PO conversions Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Levalbuterol Long-acting Insulin Analogs Miscellaneous Antidepressants Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics Non-sedating Antihistamines Ophthalmic Preparations Phosphate Binders Proton Pump Inhbitors Statins Revision Date 08/11 08/11 08/11 09/11 08/11 07/11 08/11 09/11 01/13 08/11 01/13 08/11 08/11 01/14 07/11 08/11 12/13 04/13 08/11 08/11 08/11 08/11 01/13 08/11 08/11 All conversions unless noted otherwise are for adult patients with normal renal and/or hepatic function. Please consult additional references when these clinical situations do not apply. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Alpha Blockers Generic Name Terazosin Doxazosin Brand Name Hytrin® Cardura® Tamsulosin Alfuzosin Flomax® UroXatral® 1 1 0.4 10 Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 2 5 10 2 4 8 0.8 10 N/A N/A N/A N/A 20 16 N/A N/A *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Prazosin is not included in this therapeutic interchange. Doxazosin and terazosin are therapeutically equivalent for the treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). Alfuzosin and tamsulosin are therapeutically equivalent for the treatment of BPH and are the preferred agents in patients who are unable to tolerate the cardiovascular adverse effects from other alpha blockers. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: ACE Inhibitors Generic Name Short-acting Captopril Brand Name Dose Equivalents (mg/day) Capoten® 75 150 300 450 Intermediate-acting Benazepril Enalapril Moexipril Quinapril Ramipril Lotensin® Vasotec® Univasc® Accupril® Altace® 5 5 7.5 5 2.5 10 10 15 10 5 20 20 22.5 20 10 40 40 30 40 20 Long-acting Lisinopril Fosinopril Perindopril Trandolapril Prinivil® Monopril® Aceon® Mavik® 5 5 4 1 10 10 8 2 20 20 12 4 40 40 16 8 *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Captopril is short-acting and should be dosed 2-3 times daily. Enalapril and benazepril are intermediate-acting and should be dosed 1-2 times daily. Enalapril is the preferred intermediate-acting ACE inhibitor. Benazepril is available for continuation of outpatient therapy. Lisinopril is long-acting and should be dosed once daily. Document created: 12/03. Revised: 08/11. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Generic Name Losartan Candesartan Eprosartan Irbesartan Olmesartan Telmisartan Valsartan Brand Name Cozaar® Atacand® Teveten® Avapro® Benicar® Micardis® Diovan® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 25 50 100 4 8 16 200 400 600 75 150 300 5 10 20 20 40 80 40 80 160 *Formulary agent in bold. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None 100 32 800 300 40 80 320 Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Buprenorphine Sublingual Generic Name Buprenorphine Buprenorphine/naloxone Brand Name Subutex® Suboxone® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 8 16 24 8/2 16/4 24/6 *Formulary agent in bold. Notes: Suboxone® strength expressed as buprenorphine/naloxone which are available as 2 mg/0.5 mg and 8 mg/2 mg sublingual tablets and film. Document created: 09/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Calcium Channel Blockers (Dihydropyridines) Generic Name Amlodipine Nifedipine, extended release Felodipine, extended release Isradipine, immediate release Isradipine, controlled release Nicardipine, immediate release Nicardipine, controlled release Nisoldipine, extended release Brand Name Norvasc® Procardia XL® Plendil® DynaCirc® DynaCirc CR® Cardene® Cardene CR® Sular® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 2.5 5 10 30 60 90 2.5 5 10 5 10 20 5 10 20 60 90 120 60 90 120 17 25.5 34 *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Nimodipine (Nimotop®) is not subject to therapeutic interchange. Amlodipine is the preferred dihydropyridine CCB. Nifedipine, extended release is available for continuation of outpatient therapy. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Carbapenems Generic Name Meropenem Doripenem Imipenem/cilastatin Brand Name Merrem® Doribax® Primaxin® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 2000 1500 2000 3000 3000 3000 *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: The preferred dosing for the treatment of infections caused by multi-resistant gram negative bacilli or empiric therapy is meropenem 500 mg every 6 hours. Please refer to the Carbapenem Guidelines for Use for further details. Document created: 07/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Cardioselective Beta Blockers Generic Name Atenolol Metoprolol Betaxolol Bisoprolol Nebivolol Brand Name Tenormin® Toprol® Kerlone® Zebeta® Bystolic® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 25 50 100 50 100 200 10 20 N/A 5 10 20 5 10 20 N/A 400 N/A N/A 40 *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Metoprolol is the preferred cardioselective beta blocker. Atenolol is available for continuation of outpatient therapy. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Cephalosporins Generic Name Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Brand Name Rocephin® Claforan® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 1000 2000 3000 3000 6000 9000 4000 12000 *Formulary agent in bold. Notes: Ceftriaxone is the preferred third generation cephalosporin in adult patients. Cefotaxime is available for use in neonates and for orders written by Infectious Diseases faculty. Usual adult dosing for ceftriaxone is 1-2 gm every 12-24 hours (max: 4 gm/day), usual adult dosing for cefotaxime is 1-2 gm every 6-8 hours (max: 12 gm/day). Document created: 09/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Corticosteroids, Inhaled Generic Name Beclomethasone dipropionate Budesonide Ciclesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone Fluticasone Fluticasone Fluticasone Fluticasone Fluticasone Mometasone Triamcinolone Brand Name Dose Equivalents (puffs per day) QVAR® 80 mcg Pulmicort® 180 mcg Alesco® 80 mcg AeroBID® 250 mcg Flovent® HFA 44 mcg Flovent® HFA 110 mcg Flovent® HFA 220 mcg Flovent® Diskus 50 mcg Flovent® Diskus 100 mcg Flovent® Diskus 250 mcg Asmanex® 220 mcg Azmacort® 100 mcg 1 1 1 to 3 1 N/A 1 to 3 1 N/A N/A 2 4 6 2 to 3 4 to 5 6 Comparative data not available. No longer available. 4 to 6 7 to 8 9 to 10 2 3 4 1 N/A 2 4 to 6 7 to 8 9 to 10 2 to 3 4 5 1 N/A 2 1 2 3 No longer available. 8 7+ 11+ 5+ 3+ 11+ 6+ 3+ 4+ *Formulary agent in bold. Generic Name Budesonide/formoterol Budesonide/formoterol Mometasone/formoterol Mometasone/formoterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Fluticasone/salmeterol Brand Name Symbicort® 80/4.5 Symbicort® 160/4.5 Dulera® 100/5 Dulera® 200/5 Advair® HFA 45/21 Advair® HFA 115/21 Advair® HFA 230/21 Advair® Diskus 100/50 Advair® Diskus 250/50 Advair® Diskus 500/50 Dose Equivalents (puffs per day) 2 puffs twice daily N/A N/A 2 puffs twice daily 2 puffs twice daily N/A N/A 2 puffs twice daily 2 puffs twice daily N/A N/A 2 puffs twice daily N/A 2 puffs twice daily 1 inhalation twice daily N/A N/A 1 inhalation twice daily N/A 1 inhalation twice daily *Formulary agent in bold. Notes: Flovent® and Advair® Diskus are the preferred delivery devices unless specified HFA. The following Flovent® HFA will be maintained in inventory: 220 mcg. The following Flovent® Diskus will be maintained in inventory: 50 mcg, 100 mcg, 250 mcg. The following Advair® HFA will be maintained in inventory: 230 mcg. The following Advair® Diskus will be maintained in inventory: 100 mcg, 250 mcg, 500 mcg. Document created: 01/08. Revised: 01/13. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Corticosteroids, Intranasal Generic Name Fluticasone propionate Beclomethasone Budesonide Ciclesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone furoate Mometasone Triamcinolone Brand Name Flonase® Beconase AQ® Rhinocort Aqua® Omnaris® Nasarel® Veramyst® Nasonex® Nasacort AQ® Dose Equivalents 2 sprays in each nostril daily 1 to 2 sprays in each nostril twice daily 1 spray in each nostril daily 2 sprays in each nostril daily 2 sprays in each nostril 2 to 3 times daily 2 sprays in each nostril daily 2 sprays in each nostril daily 1 to 2 sprays in each nostril daily *Formulary agent in bold. Document created: 01/08. Revised: 08/11. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Fluoroquinolones Generic Name Brand Name Ciprofloxacin Moxifloxacin Cipro® Avelox® Levofloxacin Ofloxacin Norfloxacin Gemifloxacin Levaquin® Floxin® Noroxin® Factive® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) Intravenous Oral Mild to moderate infections: 200 Mild to moderate infections: 250 to 400 mg every 12 hours to 500 mg every 12 hours Severe infections: 400 mg every 8 to 12 hours 400 mg every 24 hours Mild to moderate infections: 250 to 500 mg every 24 hours Severe infections: 500 to 750 mg every 8 to 12 hours 400 mg every 24 hours Mild to moderate infections: 250 to 500 mg every 24 hours Severe infections: 500 to 750 mg every 24 hours N/A N/A N/A Severe infections: 500 to 750 mg every 24 hours 200 to 400 mg every 12 hours 400 mg every 12 hours 320 mg every 24 hours *Formulary agents in bold. Note: Moxifloxacin should not be used for genitourinary infections and gram-negative bacteremias. Document created: 05/06. Revised: 01/13. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) Generic Name Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone Brand Name Actos® Avandia® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 15 30 2 4 *Formulary agent in bold. Document created: 06/07. Revised: 08/11. 45 8 Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Histamine Receptor Blockers Generic Name Famotidine, oral Cimetidine Nizatidine Ranitidine Brand Name Pepcid® Tagamet® Axid® Zantac® Famotidine, injection Cimetidine Ranitidine Pepcid IV® Tagamet IV® Zantac IV® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 20 N/A 150 150 20 N/A 50 to 100 40 600 to 1200 300 300 40 900 to 1200 150 to 200 *Formulary agent in bold. By declaration of the P&T Committee, the H2RAs are subject to automatic IV to PO interchange. Please refer to the Intravenous to Oral Medication Conversion Program for further details. Document created: 02/08. Revised: 08/11. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Ipratropium Metered Dose Inhalers Generic Name Albuterol MDI Albuterol nebulization solution Ipratropium nebulization solution Ipratropium/albuterol nebulization solution Tiotropium inhalation Ipratropium/albuterol MDI Ipratropium MDI Brand Name Proventil® Proventil® Atrovent® DuoNeb® Spiriva® Combivent® Atrovent® Dose Equivalents 1-2 inhalations every 4-6 hours 1 vial three to four times per day 1 vial three to four times per day 1 vial four times per day 1 capsule once daily 2 inhalations four to six times per day 2 inhalations four to six times per day *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Combivent® Respimat inhalers are not available for inpatient use at MGH. Non-ventilated patients may be switched to tiotropium inhalation with or without an albuterol MDI (albuterol must be ordered separately). Ventilated patients may be switched to ipratropium/albuterol (DuoNeb®) nebulization Atrovent® metered dose inhalers (MDIs) are no longer available for inpatient use at MGH. Non-ventilated patients may be switched to tiotropium inhalation. Ventilated patients may be switched to ipratropium (Atrovent®) nebulization solution. Combivent® Respimat inhaler contains ipratropium 20 mcg and albuterol 100 mcg in each inhalation (120 inhalations per cartridge). DuoNeb® contains ipratropium 0.5 mg and albuterol 3 mg in each 3 mL unit-dose vial. Spiriva® HandiHaler is to be used for administration of tiotropium which is dosed at 2 inhalations of a single 18 mcg capsule once daily. Document created: 08/11. Revised: 01/14. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Intravenous to Oral Generic Name Azithromycin Cefazolin Ciprofloxacin Famotidine Fluconazole Levofloxacin Levothyroxine Linezolid Metronidazole Moxifloxacin Ondansetron Pantoprazole Rifampin Valproic acid Voriconazole IV Dosage 500 mg every 24 hours 1 gm every 8 hours 400 mg every 12 hours 20 mg every 12 hours 400 mg every 24 hours 500 mg every 24 hours 50 mcg every 24 hours 600 mg every 12 hours 500 mg every 6 hours 400 mg every 24 hours 4-8 mg 40 mg every 24 hours 300 mg every 12 hours 500 mg every 6 hours LD: 6 mg/kg every 12 hours x2; MD: 4 mg/kg every 12 hours Oral Dosage 500 mg every 24 hours Cephalexin 500 mg every 6 hours 500-750 mg every 12 hours 20 mg every 12 hours 400 mg every 24 hours 500 mg every 24 hours 100 mcg every 24 hours 600 mg every 12 hours 500 mg every 6 hours 400 mg every 24 hours 8-16 mg Omeprazole 20 mg every 24 hours 300 mg every 12 hours 500 mg every 6 hours Pt wt ≥40 kg: 200 mg every 12 hours Pt wt ≤40 kg: 100 mg every 12 hours Notes: Dosage for PO conversion of ciprofloxacin depends upon severity of infection. Recommendation for valproic acid conversion based on using immediate-release formulation of solution or capsules. Situations where IV to PO conversion is appropriate: q Patient is receiving/tolerating other oral medications; q Patient is receiving regular diet and has not been designated ‘Nothing Per Os’ (NPO); q Patient’s enteral route is functional [i.e., receiving enteral feedings without residuals or has evidence that gastrointestinal (GI) tract is functional (i.e., no evidence of ileus or profuse diarrhea)]; q Patient does not have active GI bleeding; q Patient has been afebrile for at least 24 hours (antibiotics only); q Patient is not hypotensive (i.e., SBP < 90 mmHg) or on vasopressor support to maintain blood pressure; q Patient does not have mucositis (for patients undergoing chemotherapy and who do not have a nasogastric tube). Document created: 07/11. Revised: 12/12. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Generic Name Montelukast Zafirlukast Brand Name Singulair® Accolate® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) *Formulary agent in bold. Document created: 06/07. Revised: 08/11. 10 40 Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Levalbuterol Generic Name Albuterol nebulization solution Levalbuterol nebulization solution Brand Name Generic Xopenex® Dose Equivalents 2.5 mg every 4 hours 0.63 mg to 1.25 mg every 4-6 hours *Formulary agent in bold. Generic Name Albuterol MDI Levalbuterol MDI Brand Name Dose Equivalents Ventolin HFA® 1-2 inhalations every 4 hours Xopenex HFA® 1-2 inhalations every 4-6 hours *Formulary agent in bold. Notes: The automatic therapeutic interchange for levalbuterol is approved for inpatients 12 years of age and older unless appropriate documentation is provided for levalbuterol use (see guidelines for use). Levalbuterol orders with a PRN frequency will be interchanged with albuterol orders with a PRN frequency. Albuterol nebulization solution contains albuterol 2.5 mg in each 3 mL unit-dose vial (0.083%). Levalbuterol HFA contains 45 mcg per actuation Albuterol HFA contains 90 mcg per actuation Document created: 03/08. Revised: 12/13. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Long Acting Insulin Analogs Generic Name Insulin glargine Insulin detemir Brand Name Lantus® Levemir® Dose Equivalents Initial dose of 0.2 units/kg (10 units) once daily Initial dose of 0.2 units/kg (10 units) once daily *Formulary agent in bold (detemir preferred). Notes: When changing therapy in patients receiving basal insulin with insulin detemir once-daily to insulin glargine, a 1:1 conversion is recommended. However, for patients receiving basal dosing two or more times per day, a 20% reduction in the total daily basal dose is recommended for conversion to the insulin glargine dose. Document created: 02/08. Revised: 04/13. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Miscellaneous Antidepressants Generic Name Citalopram Escitalopram Brand Name Celexa® Lexapro® Venlafaxine, extended release Desvenlafaxine Effexor XR® Pristiq® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 10 20 40 5 10 20 75 50 150 100 N/A N/A *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Escitalopram is the S-enantiomer of the racemic citalopram. Desvenlafaxine is the major active metabolite of venlafaxine. In clinical studies, desvenlafaxine dosages of 50 to 400 mg/day were shown to be effective, although no additional benefit was demonstrated at dosages of more than 50 mg/day. Adverse reactions and discontinuations were more frequent at higher doses. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Non-benzodiazepine Hypnotics Generic Name Zolpidem Eszopiclone Zaleplon Zolpidem, extended release Brand Name Ambien® Lunesta® Sonata® Ambien CR® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) N/A 5 10 1 2 N/A N/A 5 10 N/A 6.25 12.5 *Formulary agent in bold. Document created: 11/05. Revised: 08/11. N/A 3 20 N/A Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Non-sedating Antihistamines Generic Name Loratadine Cetirizine Desloratadine Fexofenadine Brand Name Claritin® Zyrtec® Clarinex® Allegra® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 5 10 10 2.5 5 10 N/A 5 5 60 120 180 *Formulary agent in bold. Notes: Patients receiving decongestant/antihistamine combination products (i.e., Allegra-D 12 and 24 hour, ClaritinD, and Zyrtec-D) will be converted to loratadine and pseudoephedrine individually. Document created: 08/05. Revised: 08/11. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Ophthalmic Preparations Generic Name Latanoprost Bimatoprost Travoprost Brand Name Xalatan® Lumigan® Travatan® Dose Equivalents 1 drop into affected eye(s) once daily in the evening 1 drop into affected eye(s) once daily in the evening 1 drop into affected eye(s) once daily in the evening Brand Name Trusopt® Azopt® Dose Equivalents 1 drop into affected eye(s) three times daily 1 drop into affected eye(s) three times daily Brand Name Timoptic® Betoptic-S® Ocupress® Betagan® Optipranolol® Dose Equivalents 1 drop into affected eye(s) twice daily 1 to 2 drops into affected eye(s) twice daily 1 drop into affected eye(s) twice daily 1 to 2 drops into affected eye(s) twice daily 1 drop into affected eye(s) twice daily *Formulary agent in bold. Generic Name Dorzolamide Brinzolamide *Formulary agent in bold. Generic Name Timolol Betaxolol Carteolol Levobunolol Metipranolol *Formulary agent in bold. Notes: Initial dose for timolol is 0.25%, 1 drop into affected eye(s). Timoptic® is usually dosed twice daily; TimopticXE® is usually dosed once daily. If clinical response is not adequate, the dosage may be changed to the 0.5% solution. Betaxolol is available in 0.25% and 0.5% solutions. Carteolol is available in a 1% solution. Levobunolol is available in 0.25% and 0.5% solutions. Metipranolol is available in a 0.3% solution. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Phosphate Binders Generic Name Calcium acetate Sevelamer hydrochloride Sevelamer carbonate Lanthanum Brand Name PhosLo® Renagel® Renvela® Fosrenol® Dose Equivalents (mg/meal) 667 1334 2001 800 1600 2400 800 1600 2400 250 500 750 *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Calcium acetate is available in 667 mg tablets. Document created: 05/06. Revised: 01/13. 2668 3200 3200 1000 Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: Proton Pump Inhibitors Generic Name Omeprazole, oral Dexlansoprazole Esomeprazole Lansoprazole Pantoprazole Rabeprazole Brand Name Prilosec® Kapidex® Nexium® Prevacid® Protonix® Aciphex® Pantoprazole, injection Esomeprazole Protonix IV® Nexium IV® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 20 40 30 60 20 40 15 30 20 40 20 20 40 40 80 80 *Formulary agents in bold. By declaration of the P&T Committee, the Proton Pump Inhibitors are subject to automatic IV to PO interchange. Please refer to the Intravenous to Oral Medication Conversion Program for further details. Document created: 03/02. Revised: 08/11. Marquette General Health System Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee-approved Therapeutic Interchange: HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) Generic Name Atorvastatin Pravastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin Fluvastatin Lovastatin Pitavastatin Brand Name Lipitor® Pravacol® Crestor® Zocor® Lescol® Mevacor® Livalo® Dose Equivalents (mg/day) 10 20 40 40 80 N/A 5 10 20 20 40 80 80 N/A N/A 40 80 N/A 2 4 N/A 80 N/A 40 N/A N/A N/A N/A *Formulary agents in bold. Notes: Due to the increased risk of myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis, use of simvastatin 80 mg daily should be restricted to patients who have been taking simvastatin 80 mg per day chronically (i.e., 12 months or longer) without evidence of muscle toxicity. Simvastatin is the preferred therapeutic substitution for lovastatin. Document created: 08/11. Revised: None